INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF BUILDING AND WOODWORKERS 12TH STATUTORY CONGRESS Tel- Aviv, 17 - 18 19 September 1969 - Document III General Secretary's Report COPENHAGEN 1969 Z 5997 THE GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 1st APRIL 1966- 31st MARCH 1967 The Period 1st April - 31st December 1966 The reports from our affiliated unions and the reports from OECD and ILO to which we have access show that the labour market situation was not so favourable in the past period as it had been the years before it being noted in late 1966 and the beginning of 1967 that unemployment was higher in some countries than in the immediately preceding years. However, the situation cannot be characterised as unstable. Even if some unemployment has been experienced the ratio of employment improved in most countries comprised by reports, though the rate had slowed down compared with( say) 1965. ILO is summing up the situation like this: " The prosperity of recent years still prevailed in most industrialised countries. The general ratio of employment has improved. Even if the ratio of unemployment rose in late 1966, unemployed workers made up but a small part of the aggregate labour. The wage rises exceeded on the whole the rises in the consumer prices. The incomplete information available from the developing countries indicates that no significant changes have taken place. The labour force has increased faster than the economic development. the consumer prices have risen abruptly at the same time. Often As regards the decline in the number of employed workers in the industries comprised by our international, the picture is somewhat uneven. It is most pronounced in the furniture and forestry sector, but the picture varies from one country to another. Considering that the turn- over in furniture and forest produce is having an upward trend, the declining number of employed workers must be due to more rational production methods. In the building industry employment has on the whole been loo per cent, but it is alarming that winter unemployment was assuming larger proportions during the past period than in any of the immediately preceding years. Those of our affiliated unions that have been through labour agreements negotiations all succeeded in obtaining better wage and labour conditions. Z 5997 Friedrich Bonn Bibliothek * Ebert - 1- S Often the negotiations were long and difficult, and one had a feeling that the" no- policy" pursued by the employers had been drawn along international lines. In the less industrialised countries our affiliated union in Greece is working under very adverse political conditions. Democracy is undermined and exists on the paper only. Restrictions and prohibitions preventing free trade union activities are the order of the day. In spite hereof our affiliated union report progress as regards the recruitment of new members. Also the shop stewards of the union have succeeded improved wage conditions for the members. In Turkey the woodworkers union reports on continued progress. Agreements providing for improvements that are considerable measured by a Turkish standard have been made with a number of enterprises. The union has a strike on against a factory for smoking pipes, supplying demi- manufactured articles to Western Europe. The strike has been on for 8 months. We have not been able to find out where in Western Europe the receivers belong, but we are working on the matter. The number of members of the union is constantly increasing. ito bebe90 Due to the high unemployment in the building industry the building workers union is working under very difficult conditions. In spite of this the work is making progress. Strikes having been declared at the psychologically right time have been won and have resulted in wage improvements. The check- off system has been introduced in all enterprises with which the union have made agreements. The contributions are received regularly during the building season, but this being very short, varying from two to five months, the income is not sufficient to cover the expenditure of the union in connection with negotiations, legal actions, propaganda, and informative services. On account of this fact the union still needs economic support from IFBWW. The work in Turkey is conducted by Sina Pamukcu. In Spain the workers continue to strike and demonstrate against the Franco- Regime. The strike movement has spread to practically all parts of the country. Neither arrestation, or imprisonment, nor executions can keep the brave Spanish workers from fighting against their oppressors. In the manner we find most to the purpose we are extending help to our Spanish comrades. - 2- bas: In line with ICFTU and other trade union secretariats we have made remonstrations with the competent international bodies. against the injustices in Spain. Through ICFTU we have got in contact with the building and woodworkers organisations in Japan. For the time being the contacts are frail and have as yet led to no issue. We are working on the matter. Africa: While this report is being written we have had no report from Sven Mattsson. On account hereof the report will be appended as an exhibit to the report. It may be said, however, that our activities in Africa have followed the line drawn by the congress. We have been active in the following countries: Congo. Malawi, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Uganda and Zambia. John Thalmayer was stationed in Malawi until end of June 1966, when he left the service of IFBWW in order to take over a position with the Plantation International in Venezuela. All the while Sven Mattsson has been stationed in Zambia. He has made propaganda trips to any of the above countries and has further visited the Ivory Coast, Siera Leone, and Ethiopia, to investigate the prospects of establishment of unions within our sphere of interest. Also he has visited Kenya and Tanzania. He has been on an ICFTU mission to Aden. Our two unions in Malaysia have consolidated their activities. ICFTU/ ARO reports that both unions have excellent leaders. The members are solidary with their unions, but there are still large and partly remote territories that have to be belaboured and made to join the organisation. Both unions are managing partly by their own help, but they need economic assistance in order to expand their activities in the fields of propaganda and information, as well as for their schooling of trade union leaders on a local level. - In the days 4th 7th July the 11th statutory IFBWW congress was held in Oslo. The congress that assembled in the large hall of" Folkets Hus"( The People's House), the new imposing stronghold of the labour movement in Oslo, was in terms of participants the largest of the federaion up till this day. Beside a number of guests from abroad and at home, among these the chief burgomaster of the city council of Oslo, and representatives from the Norwegian - - 3- labour party, the Norwegian federation of trade unions, ICFTU, and ILO, the congress was attended by more than 200 delegates from 63 of the IFBWW member unions. As a festive prelude to the congress a chamber orchestra from the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation presented a programme comprising a number of well- known musical compositions. Following the musical leaven, which was warmly applauded, the series of greeting speeches was opened by the chief burgomaster of Oslo, Brynjulf Bull, who bade the delegates a hearty welcome on behalf of the city expressing his great appreciation of the congress being held in the Norwegian capital this time. He was followed on the floor by the other invited guests, who in turn greeted the delegates and expressed their best wishes for the congress. For the congress proper had been prepared a comprehensive agenda, the points of which clearly reflected the many problems and tasks which in the years ahead will be impressing the IFBWW activities. The perspectives of these activities were outlined in a clear and illustrative manner by the president of the Swedish Building Workers Union, Knut Johansson, in an introductory speech on the future tasks of the IFBWW. As was the case at the previous IFBWW congress in Lugano the congress proceedings centered around the problems relating to the assistance programmes in the developing countries. The various contributions to the debate on this subject showed unanimity among the member unions as to the necessity of rendering an effective help to the organisation of stable trade unions in the many new nations. The scanty voices of criticism that were raised in this connection exclusively concerned the methods applied for the assistance programmes asking for better co- ordination of the IFBWW efforts with the efforts sponsored by other national and international trade union organisations in this field. The technical development in the building industry and its consequences for the vocational training and employment was one of the problems most thoroughly dealt with during the congress period. As will be known the executive committee has appointed a special working committee to deal with this problem. Under a separate item on the agenda of the congress Carl- Olof Johnson from the Swedish Building Workers Union gave an account of the work of the .4 2 committee submitting a very detailed analysis of the complex of problems involved by the building technical development. The debate in connection with this item of the agenda concluded in the passing of a resolution expressing in clear terms the attitude of the congress to this matter. Also the problems that are in store for the other large trade. groups under IFBWW, the furniture and woodworkers, were made the object of special discussion at the congress. This took place in a very interesting lecture on the technical development in the woodworking industry delivered by the president of the German Woodworkers Union, Gerhard Vater. In his lecture he elucidated a number of revolutionary tehcnial news within the woodworking industry, and laid down that the development in this field meant a number of new tasks for the trade union movement, above all concerning the safeguarding of the workers social status, chance of employment and standard of living. House building and the many obstacles in the form of land speculation, unreasonably high costs of financing, etc., which in every corner of the world present hindrance to an effective solution of the housing problem, were drawn into light in the clear and lucid account rendered by the secretary of the ICFTU/ IFBWW International Housing Committee, Heinz Umrath, on the activities of this committee up till this date and in the years to come. In this connection the congress fully agreed to the statement on The acquisition of land for housing prepared by the committee. statement has also been unanimously accepted by the ICFTU executive committee. eun On the background of the great future tasks of the IFBWW and the great rise in expenditure these will bring about, a majority of the executive committee members suggested that the affiliation fees be increased by lo Danish øre per member from the 1st January 1967, and that the executive committee be authorised subsequent to a very close consideration of the economic situation of the IFBWW to introduce a further rise by up to lo Danish øre as from the 1st July 1968. This motion met with persistent opposition from the British delegation. After a rather sharp debate the congress passed a compromise suggested by the British delegation agreeing to an increase of the subscribtion by lo Danish øre from the 1st January - 5- 1967 while the future IFBWW economy should be taken up for renewed serious consideration by the executive committee. As the president of the IFBWW, Is. Smets, as well as the general secretary, Arne Hagen, wanted to retire on account of age, special interest was attached to the elections at this congress.dd As successor to Is. Smets was elected the vice president up till now, J.H. Mills from Great Britain, whose office as vice president was taken over by the president of the Dutch Building Workers Union, A. Buys. As new general secretary was elected John Löfblad from the Swedish Forest Workers Union. John Löfblad, who these last years has served as social attaché to the Swedish embassy in Washington, accedes to the office on the 1st January 1967. Meanwhile Arne Hagen continues as general secretary. As the last point of the agenda the congress decided to hold the next statutory congress in Tel Aviv in Israel. 0908 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS 10 The ITS General Conference, meeting in Geneva on 30 and 31 August, 1966, Having considered the ILO industrial activities and their future prospects, Welcoming the reference in the Third Report of the Working Party of the Governing Body of the ILO on the Programme and Structure of the ILO according to which" Industrial Committees continue to have an important part to play in the work of the ILO" and that " they should be not merely maintained but strengthened and should be continuously adapted to changing needs"; Noting with satisfaction the conclusion of the Working Party according to which the three main goals which Industrial Committees are designed to achieve are essentially the same as when they were first established, namely: - 6- 001) ii) reiii) to break down the barriers between peoples by bringing them together in the matters which touch them most closely, the conditions of their daily lives in their chosen occupations; to develop mutual understanding between management and labour in order to achieve the largest possible measure of agreement on effective ways of improving working and living conditions and thereby enchancing the welfare of the whole community; and to promote the dynamic prosperity, on a world- wide basis, of the great world industries; Notes furthermore with satisfaction the conclusion of the Working Party according to which the basic principles adopted when the Industrial Committees were created continue to be fundamental for the attainment of the before mentioned goals. 29 These principles are: a) bge b) 9830 c) that Industrial Committees should concern themselves with the social and labour problems which primarily affect their own industries, including their economic aspects; they should not concern themselves with issues of a political nature outside their sphere; that Industrial Committees should attempt to seek a general consensus, rather than majority support for views which remained controversial; such a consensus is possible only in a climate of genuine negotiation bred by and breeding mutual confidence; that Industrial Committees should deal with their own industries, and in particular with the problems distinctive to their own industries, without dispersing their attention over broader questions more appropriate for consideration by the Governing Body and the International Labour Conference. Having taken note with concern of the downward trend over the last twenty years of the proportion of the ILO Budget spent on Industrial and Analogous Meetings indicating a decline from 6.10 per cent of the ILO Budget in 1947 to 0.96 per cent of the ILO Pudget in 1967; - 7- Stating with regret that consequently the interval between successive sessions of an Industrial Committee or an analogous standing Committee, which was initially 18 months, increased to two years in recent years the interval has even been about five years-; Appeals to the Governing Body of the International Labour Office and to the Director- General to undertake in accordance with the resolution concerning the industrial activities of the International Labour Organisation adopted at the 49th( 1965) International Labour Conference the necessary steps to intensify and strengthen the industrial activities of the ILO; and Urges in particular the Governing Body when giving consideration to the item" Frequency of Industrial and Analogous Meetings" to undertake all efforts to reduce the increasingly long intervals between Industrial and Analogous Meetings which result in a lack of continuity in participation and greatly reduce the potential effectiveness of the ILO programmes in the field of industrial workers. The ITS General Conference, meeting in Geneva on 30 and 31 August 1966, Welcomes the vigorous action which has been undertaken by the ICFTU and the ITS in the vitally important field of trade and development and calls for an intensification of these efforts; Hopes that the international free trade union organisations will mobilise the full strength of their affiliates particularly in the developed countries to bring all possible pressure to bear upon their national governments to pursue at long last policies which will really promote justice in the economic relations between developed and developing countries such policies can be effective only if they aim at a thorough transformation of existing practices in the world of trade and finance-; 903 Therefore welcomes the plan to convene a World Economic Conference of Free Trade Unions and calls upon all ITS to assume their full share in this world- wide free trade union action. It expresses the hope that the World Economic Conference will above all be fighting manifestation of the firm determination of the free trade unions to promote economic and social justice and progress in the world. - 8- The president and the general secretary have attended a congress on problems concerning the building and woodworking industry arranged by IFBWW member organisations within the common market. The conference comprised all IFBWW unions in the common market area. The president and the general secretary have had a conference with representatives from the free Spanish trade union movement. Our Spanish comrades had asked for a conference in order to report on the conditions prevailing in Spain, at the same time asking IFBWW to place at disposal some means for their activities in Spain. The president and the general secretary promised to submit the request to the executive committee for further discussion. Gerhard Vater has represented IFBWW in the committee for the woodworking industry appointed by the European Commission. Heinz Umrath has represented IFBWW in the committee for housing problems appointed by the same commission, as well as in the FN committee for Housing and Planning. We have participated in a number of joint meetings between ICFTU and the Trade Union Secretariats concerning the developing. countries, youth activities, study and information work, etc. The general secretary has had conferences with representatives from ILO concerning the coming ILO Sessions for the woodworking industry and building and construction. Heinz Umrath and Jan- Erik Norling have participated in the planning of the OECD seminar on housing problems. Our co- operation with the affiliated unions is excellent. We have received valuable help from the experts of the unions in various fields. Our co- operation with ICFTU and the other trade union secretariats is excellent, too. The co- operation in respect of the tasks undertaken in the developing countries has led to positive results. The mutual utilisation of the representatives of ICFTU and the trade union secretariats in the developing countries has functioned satisfactorily. We have made new approaches to the North American trade unions for an affiliation to IFBWW. No positive results have been achieved. -9 We have been represented at the following congresses: Norsk Murerforbund. ° Alg. Nederl. Bouwbedrijfsbond. • O G 0 Norsk Treindustriarbeiderforbund. Nordiska Byggnads- och Träindustriarbetare federationen. IG Bau- Steine- Erden... Dansk Elektrikerforbund. Dansk Tømrerforbund. Gewerkschaft Holz... o о 0 Dansk Stenindustriarbejderforbund.. Dansk Karetmager- og Karosseribyggerforbund.. Norsk Elektriker- og Kraftstasjonsforbund... Is. Smets Arne Hagen. Is. Smets Harry Christensen Arne Hagen Is. Smets Arne Hagen Arne Hagen Arne Hagen Arne Hagen Arne Hagen Arne Hagen Arne Hagen J. H. Mills Arne Hagen SP UTIOI Fédération Générale Force Ouvrière. J. H. Mills Arne Hagen JOD 35 Isereg en mol Per December 31st, 1966, we had 2.195.044 paying members ubat in loo unions in 37 countries. Norsk Bygningsindustriarbeiderforbund. Copenhagen, 31st December, 1966 Arne Hagen General Secretary 10-OW The Period 1st January 31st March 1967 I, the below signing John Löfblad, acceded to the office of the general secretary at the turn of the year 1966/67, and since I have first and foremost been occupied with the task of making myself acquainted with the new problems I have to deal with, a task which Arne Hagen has helped me to solve. In the days 17th 19th January I attended the seminar on the role of the trade union movement in housing arranged by OECD. On the 20th January I participated in session of the ICFTU/ IFBWW Housing Committee at the same place. At this conference I and Alfred Braunthal, ICFTU, were elected for the joint chairmanship of the housing committee. The committee made certain principal statements concerning the housing policy and appointed a working committee, which was delegated with the task of drafting a statement on the attitude of the trade union movement to housing policy and house building. This working committee met in Amsterdam on the 20th February and agreed on a statement, from which it appears that the free international trade union movement considers the maintenance of the rent controls a necessity as long as the supply of modern apartments does not meet the demand, and that the society and the government must be held responsible for the housing policy. The statement expressly underlined the fundamental social importance of housing. It is a vital goal that all and every fellow citizen shall be entitled to make his own free choice as to housing at a reasonable rent charge and that the dwelling shall be of a good standard. Under the present conditions with a demand exceeding the supply of dwellings it may lead to serious consequences if the building of dwellings and fixation of rents were left to the free forces of the market. It is possible that in this way the major part of the queues of applicants for housing would be done away with, but this does not substantiates that people lived under better conditions. All it would involve would be that large groups of population which thanks to the low rents could afford to demand larger and better dwellings would be left in a position where they could no longer afford this. It cannot but be wrong to accept such an arrangement. Instead all efforts should be concentrated endeavours to keep down the rent charges at the same time increasing the building of dwellings. on - 11- To the extent it proves impossible to make good dwellings available to certain groups of the population, rent subventions must be introduced. The proportion between general and individual subventions must be adapted to a realistic point of view under variable conditions. Just as essential is the problem of securing for the tenants an effective protection of their right of possession. The rent and housing policy constitute an important and major part of the economic policy in general, and in this connection it is important to remember that the housing policy ought to contribute to an encouragement of the free movability of labour, which is a condition for continued economic expansion and the subsequent improvement of the standard. On the 7th and 8th February I paid a visit to ILO in Geneva in order to get acquainted with the work for the international labour organisation, especially in the lines of housing and the conditions of building and woodworkers. On the 9th February I attended the ICFTU and trade international's Youth Conference in Bern, Switzerland. add Copenhagen, 31st March, 1966 bria JOHN LÖFBLAD General Secretary 28 30 bris to ag goog od 12CH to pos 991. A JE babada boog to viqque ed 193/ d The General Secretary's Report on the Activities. during the Period 1st April 1967- 31st March 1968 AlEven Unfortunately the stabilisation of the world economy that has characterised the nearest preceding years did not continue throughout 1967. Thus, the international state of the exchange market has been through a crisis, the most dramatic expression of which was the devaluation of the Pound- Sterling followed by the devaluation of a number of other currencies, among other that of Denmark. ready at an earlier date the Finnish Mark had been devaluated. the Dollar had been the subject of devaluation talk, but devaluation did not become topical. However, it is evident that the American government is contemplating restrictive measures aiming at a strengthening of the currency and an improvement of the economic situation. Altogether the year has been characterised by more rigid. economic measures in a number of countries. As regards the wage earners all over the world 1967 has been the year of increasing unemployment employment has decreased in every other country- and insufficient progress in the developing countries. In most currencies where official figures are available the real wages rose. This is the conclusion reached by the secretariate of the International Labour Office, ILO, on basis of statistical material collected. Unemployment increased in almost all industrial countries, and in many cases it reached a level higher than had been experienced for many years, and some cases even since the end of World In countries. War II. Employment dropped in every second country. where employment continued to rise the ratio of the rise slowed down compared with 1966. Prices of consumer's goods continued to rise in 1967 in most countries, but slower than in 1966: in 14 countries the rises exceeded lo%, in 16 countries falling prices were recorded. Nominal wages rose in all countries publishing statistical material, and in most cases the wage earners saw their real wages improved, too. From the incomplete material available it appears that the The growing situation of the developing countries did not improve. surplus of labour has been far from absorbable. - 13- The declining employment ratio that set in in many countries in late 1966 continued in 1967 in about one half of the countries from which statistics are available. In some countries, however, employment continued to increase, even if the pace had slowed down compared with the preceding year. Enployment in the processing industry dropped in 15 countries out of the 27 comprised by this account, among these several countries in which the ratio of employment otherwise rose in general, f.inst. USA and Canada. In Western Germany the processing industry employed 790.000 workers less in the 2nd quarter- year of 1967 than in the corresponding period of 1966 meaning a decline at the rate of 8%. In Denmark, Israel, Great Britain, Sweden, Venezuela and Austria employment in the processing industry dropped by 3- 5%. In Belgium Yugoslavia, the Netherlands and Switzerland the drop was by 1 3%, and in France by less than 1%. In Finland the seasonal high rate of occupation during the first part of the year was lower and the usual decline from July till September 1967 was increased and in September the unemployment rate was 2.6% higher than in the corresponding month of 1966. In USA the employment situation of the processing industry remained unchanged or declining in 1967. The peak of employment recorded in October 1966, 19.640.000, was not reached and employment in October 1967 was 250.000 or 1.3% lower. Twelwe countries reported rising employment figures for the processing industry, by less than 2% in Australia, Colombia, Ireland, Puerto Rico and Norway, by 2- 5% in Bulgaria, Italy, New Zealand, Poland, Roumania and Hungary, and by more than 5% in Japan. Agriculture and mining, coal mining in paricular, continued as before loosing labour in a major part of the industrial countries. In such states as are members of the European Coal and Steel Union every fourth workers has left the mines since 1964. Available statistics on the general employment situation covers only 12 countries. It shows a decline by less than 2% in Finland, Yugoslavia and Great Britain, by about 2.5% in Canada, Italy, Japan, Norway and Puerto Rico. Unemployment, which in late 1966 was increasing in several countries, rose in 1967 in more than 30 countries. The number of un- 14- employed workers rose noticably in certain cases even heavily in all industrial countries, apart from Italy. In more European countries the increase was checked by decreasing immigration or barring of immigration, and even by repatriation of foreign workers to their countries of origin. The rising unemployment was particularly marked in Western Germany, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg and New Zealand, where the number of unemployed workers was more than doubled, and in Belgium, France, Greece, Norway, the Netherlands and Sweden, where increases by at least 30% were recorded. Usually the young workers, female workers and elderly people were those most severely hit. In Western Germany the number of unemployed workers in October 1967 reached the figure of 360.000 as compared with 145.000 the year before. By the end of December 1967 the situation in France was that employment could not be secured for about 248.000 workers looking for work, or well over 75.000 more than at the same time in 1966. In Finland the share of the unemployed workers in the total labour force exceeded an annual mean figure of 2%, a level that has not been experienced in the country since 1959. In Great Britain unemployment began to rise in July 1966, and the rise continued in 1967. The number of unemployed workers exceeded 500.000 all the year round and reached the level of about 590.000 in November 1967. In USA unemployment has been decreasing since 1963, and it continued doing so in early 1967. In May the number of unemployed workers was 2.457.000, and this is the lowest figure since October 1956. However, from the month of June unemployment figures month by month were higher than in the corresponding month in 1966. In November the unemployment figure rose to nearly 2.900.000 or more than 300.000 higher than in November the year before. The international political situation did not improve in the course of the year either. The war in Vietnam is still throwing its dark shadow over the world, and the Middle East Crisis, too, gravely contributed to darken the general situation. In Greece democracy has been pushed aside by a coup de militaire and has been replaced by a military dictatorship, and therefore the executive Committee decided to suspend the membership of the Greek union until it be guaran15- teed that the union is under a democratic management and free to work in accordance with democratic principles. Sponsored by the Swedish Building Workers Union a special fund has been established. The administration of the fund has been vested in IFBWW and the means are to be used for the purpose of reorganisation of a free trade union movement in Greece. Considerable contributions to the fund has already been made. Activities in the Developing Countries The IFBWW activities in the developing countries has been going on as before within the limits of the 20% of the IFBWW revenues set aside for this end and the support received from the ICFTU Solidarity Fund as well as the so- called Swedish Fund. The work in Africa has now as before been managed by the Swede Sven Mattsson, residing in Ndola, Zambia, and concentrating his efforts of Zambia, Malawi, Uganda, Nigeria and Rhodesia. However, certain changes had been necessary due to the political situation prevailing in some of these countries. Thus the civil war in Nigeria necessitated a slowing down of the activities in this country. Our member union in Zambia, National Building, Timber and Woodworkers Industrial Union, has on her own requested withdrawal of her membership, a step taken in response to the instructions issued by the African governments requesting the trade unions to observe strict neutrality. The activities in Turkey and Malaysia have been continued. Separate reports on the work in Turkey are available. Special mention is to be made of the fact that as from now on Agac- Is intends to pay certain contribution to IFBWW. From Latin- America, which also consists of developing countries only, a great interest has been noted in the establishing of IFBWW commitments in the area. On account hereof the general secretary made a long visit to Latin- America establishing contacts with building and woodworkers unions in Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, and it is the intention that IFBWW initiates activities there first and foremost with a view to extending help to the study work run by organisations already in existence. In connection with the trip to LatinAmerica the general secretary also visited USA in order to solicit affiliation to IFBWW by unions that had not been affiliated already. 16 The direct result of the campaign in this area up till this moment has been that the Bricklayers International Union and Laborers International Union, both unions in USA and Canada, were affiliated to IFBWW. Furthermore the building workers unions in Venezuela and Surinam have applied for affiliation to IFBWW, and it is to be noted in this connection that they are the first member unions in developing countries, which from the very beginning are prepared to make contributions to IFBWW. In the course of the coming business year IFBWW should within the framework of the activities in developing countries arrange a few seminars comprising above all Venezuela, Mexico and the countries in the Caribbean Sea. The below statement shows the budget for the developing countries adopted by the executive committee at the meeting in April 1967 compared with the amounts factually paid: Purpose Costs Calcu ted Amounts Spent Sven Mattsson, salary D. kr. 58.600 D. kr. 58.600 11 administration & travelling 11 ११ ११ 30.000 30.000 !! ११ IP 11 Zambia Rhodesia Nigeria Malawi Ethiopia Uganda Turkey Unforeseen expenses Totalling 20.000 20.000 ff ११ ff 10.000 10.000 ११ 11 170.000 11 11 15.000 ११ 11 ११!! 20.000 20.000 11 ?? 20.000 11 ff ११ 11 12.000 ff !! 11 50.000 = 11 32.000 50.000 1.400 D.kr. 322.600 D. kr. 205.000 Out of this amount IFBWW has been granted and has received. D. kr. 90.700 from the ICFTU Solidarity Fund, so that the economic contribution by IFBWW itself amounts to D. kr. 114.300. In addition IFBWW has supported a project in Malaysia through the ICFTU Singapore Office. US$ 3.000 has been granted to the unions in the area affiliated to our federation. The means have in this case been received from the so- called Swedish Fund. - -17 As will be noted from the above statement the amounts as per the original budget have not been spent. A major reason for this is the change in the situation in Nigeria. As a consequence of the revolution that broke out in the summer of 1967 the conditions for trade union activities were completely changed. According to a a report rendered by Sven Mattsson it looks as if only the trade unions in the Western parts of the vast country are able to function. Originally the budget appropriated D. kr. 70.000 for activities in moo Nigeria. After a meeting between Jim Mills and John Löfblad and the Nigerian Building and Woodworkers Union at the Woodworkers Conference in Geneva in September 1967, it was decided to make a grant in the amount of D. kr. 15.000 to the union. It further proved impossible to realise the projects in Ethiopia and Uganda. According to the decision concerning the two projects it was provided that Sven Mattsson should advise of the time for the start of the projects. No advice has been given as up till this time it has been impossible to start any realistic project. All other projects have been carried through according to plans. That money is left over from these activities means no flaw, however. It is hardly realistic to believe that the activities may at any time be carried through subject to a steady level of costs. A certain flexibility is simply a must. Also, the money left over may well find application in the coming year. In early 1968 a few seminars should be arranged in Latin- America, and they will involve considerable costs. A certain temporary limitation of the activities was convenient at that time, as we are contemplating a partial re- organisation of the activities in the developing countries, placing more weight on extending our help in the form of seminars and other kinds of support for certain definite purposes instead of direct economic support as hitherto. In the course of the year contacts have been maintained with the Spanish Trade Union Movement in Exile in order to investigate the possibility of extending help to the fighting Spanish trade union movement. Together with the Factory Workers International and under the supervision of ICFTU, IFBWW has established a special fund for 18- activities in France. These activities having come to an end the fund has been dissolved and IFBWW will receive its share in the remaining assets of the fund, B. Fres. 23.874. Some Further Information about the Activities The general secretary, John Löfblad, has participated in a meeting in Brussels arranged by ICFTU for discussion of the support to be extended to the free Spanish trade union movement. The general secretary and the assisting general secretary, Alfred Braunthal of ICFTU, have been appointed chairmen of the IFBWW- ICFTU Housing Committee. Heinz Umrath, Holland, has been secretary to the committee. From among the members of the committee a special working party consisting of John Löfblad, Heinz Umrath, George Lowthian, Great Britain%; B Jan- Erik Norling, Sweden; Walter Schütz, Germany; and J. Fernandez, Belgium, was appointed. In the course of the year the committee published a small book on" The Problems of Rent Policy". Heinz Umrath has been representing IFBWW and ICFTU in the UN Committee on Housing and Planning. Heinz Umrath has further been representing IFBWW in the ECE Committe on Housing Problems. Jan- Erik Norling, the Swedish Building Workers Union, has in the past business year joined IFBWW as a part time employed research officer and expert. Jan- Erik Norling, Carl- Olof Jonsson and Heinz Umrath have jointly been representing IFBWW at meetings with the ECE SubCommittee on the Building Industry. In the past year IFBWW has had an extensive and valuable cooperation with several trade secretariats, IMF, the International Metalworkers Federation, in particular, which has shown great interest in assisting us in various connections. In the past year the Executive Committee met twice and also the Management Committee met twice. In the course of the year the executive committee appointed a special committee on the building industry. The committee has the following members representing the linguistic groups of English, German, French and Scandinavian: - 19- John Löfblad, General Secretary, Chairman of the Committee Harry Weaver, Great Britain, Rudolf Sperner, Federal Republic of Western Germany, Emile Janssens, Belgium Knut Johansson, Sweden As secretary to the committee functions Jan- Erik Norling, IFBWW expert. The appointment of the committee is part of the initiative of the executive committee aiming at more active committee activities in IFBWW. The first task delegated to the building committee is the preparatory work in respect of IFBWW's participation in the 8th Session of the ILO Building, Civil Engineering and Public Works Committee to be held in Geneva from the 30th September till the 11th October 1968. Up till now the committee has met once. The Tripartite Technical ILO Conference for the Woodworking Industry in Geneva, llth 22nd September 1967 In accordance with a decision made by the Board of ILO a tripartite technical meeting for the woodworking industry was arranged in Geneva from the 11th till the 22nd September 1967. The agenda comprised the following items: 1. Social Problems in the Woodworking Industries: General Review 2. 3. Technological Changes in the Woodworking Industry and their Social Consequences Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare in the Woodworking Industries The Labour Office had invited the following 27 countries to attend the conference: Argentine, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Gabon, the Federal Republic of Western Germany, Ghana, Great Britian, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Nigeria, Turkey, USA, Uruguay and the Sovjet Union. All these countries, apart from Turkey, attended the conference sending representatives of their governments, employers and workers. 20- -19 Besides a number of non- governmental and international organisations had been invited to send observers. IFBWW sent the following representatives to the conference: the president of the International, Jim Mills, the general secretary, John Löfblad, former general secretary, Arne Hagen, and Mrs. Birthe Konradsen. On the 28th and 29th August 1967 IFBWW arranged a preparatory conference to the participants of the Geneva meeting, who were members of IFBWW with a view to discussing on a preliminary level such questions as were on the agenda in Geneva. All IFBWW member unions concerned had been invited to attend the conference. Host of the conference was the German member union, IG BauSteine- Erden and the conference proper was held at the headquarters of the union in Frankfurt, while the participants stayed at the new school of the union at Schwalbach, Taunus, immediately outside Frankfurt. The conference was attended by a very great number of representatives from European woodworkers unions and various approaches were discussed and decisions made concerndng attutudes to various problems in principle. ILO was represented at the conference by Michael O'Callaghan, secretary to the ILO Department for the Building Industry and General Works. The Geneva office of ICFTU was represented by Heribert Maier. At the conference in Geneva IFBWW representatives were appointed to a number of key positions. Thus the workers' group appointed George Smith, Great Britain, chairman of the group, while general secretary John Löfblad of IFBWW was appointed secretary to the group... and Gerhard Vater, Germany, held the very important offices of vicechairman to the whole tripartite conference and vice- chairman of the Steering Committee. ardano Karl- Heinz Schwark, Germany, was elected vice- chairman of the sub- committee on Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare. Bill Mackenzie, Canada, was elected vice- chairman of the subcommittee on technological changes. As vice- chairmen of the workers' group were elected the IFBWW representative E. Ekahatta, Kenya, and A.T. Salim, Indonesia. On the Steering Committee IFBWW was represented, too, by. Gerhard Vater, Germany; George Smith, Great Britain; and Yngve Persson, Sweden. 21- Prior to the conference ILO had prepared three reports and the interest in the problems of the agenda was very live, especially in the workers' group. From a global point of view the woodwor'cing industry can demonstrate a variety of peculiar social problems with a good many differences as regards structure and other factors. The woodworking industry is a very important sector of industry, employing appr. 10% of the whole labour force of the world. Its importance varies in countries at different stages of development, but it is particularly great in the developing countries. Also the woorworking industry knows the effects of the new era and the technological changes, perhaps even better than other trades. From the discussions it very clearly appeared that the worker representatives attached much weight to the security questions, which they find have not been satisfactorily solved. Also the questions of labour protection are rather intricate. However, the sub- committee succeeded in reaching agreement concerning resolutions and conclusions. In the sub- committee on technological changes, however, things developed less favourable, and the discussion on a very important point finally led to a sharp confrontation between the employers and the workers. At the point of formulating a procedure for mailing a written notice concerning pending closing downs or intended limitations of the operation in consequence of technological changes the workers wanted a provisions stipulating a minimum of three months' notice concerning such advice. The claim was stubbornly opposed by the employers and at last the question was put to the vote in the subcommittee. By a technical firesse the employers succeeded in having the whole matter definitely combatted. The workers' group displayed total agreement and all worker representatives present voted in oavour of the stronger formulation. By abstaining from voting on the part of the employer representatives and the government repse sentatives the committee failed to get a so- called quorum, meaning that the provision stipulating a certain number of votes from among those entitled to vote has to be cast in order to reach a decision. The interpretation of this provision caused some annoyance among the workers representatives, and the action was construed as a demonstration on the part of the employers. - 22 - Following this intermezzo, however, a special drafting committee was appointed comprising two representatives from each of the groups, workers, employers and government representatives, and finally this committee succeeded in agreement on a wording that contained nothing about the 3- months' notice. The clause read as follows:" Although it is impossible to stipulate for all industrial situations what the period of advance notice should be, since so many varying factors. are involved, it is essential that, where changes of major technological significance are involved, such advance notice shall be of a suffificient period of enable the provisions of the preceding paragraphs to be implemented." 9013 The worker representatives on this committee were George Smith, Great Britain, and Bill Mackenzie, Canada. The attitudes to these questions show that we are dealing with a very hot and sensitive problem. To the workers security is an important claim, the abandoning of which nobody would think of. Also it is obvious that the employers' interest in solving the security problems are next to nothing, when it comes to a point. May it be that some employers find the development in the field of social reforms and increased security is making too rapid progress? The workers do not think so. And though the employers this time won a Pyrrhic victory by a voting- technical finesse, they shall, however, be careful no to stretch it too much. The unique solidarity of the workers group on this point indicates an intention to go on working and even fighting for increased social justice, greater security, and not least increased responsibility on the part of the employers. However, the notorious voting should not be the main impression left by the ILO conference. On the whole the conference was very useful, and led to fruitful ba discussions on the woodworkers' conditions and problems. The dominating problems of the developing countries came to occupy a very advanced position. There is good reason to believe that the participants from all parts of the world returned home stimulated by the conviction that their optimism and fighting spirit be shared by the fellow workers in other countries. In several connections dissatisfaction was expressed among the workers representatives on an invitation having been issued to offi23 cial Spanish participation in the tripartite conference as well as the presence of Spanish representatives at the meetings of the workers' group under pretence of representing the Spanish workers, while in fact it is the repsesentation of a dictatorial reign, which by military force crushed the Spanish democratic labour movement and tries by violent means to prevent the organisation of a free workers' movement in Spain. Though no dramatic expression of opinion occured it was obvious that the wokkers' group strongly felt for their fighting fellow workers in Spain; feeling at the same time a strong sentiment against the representatives of the dictatorhsip. Before the committee in plenum, Jim Mills, president of IFBWW, made a contribution reflecting the official attitude of IFBWW to the approaches touched upon. In the course of the year IFBWW has been represented at the following union congresses: Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers, Dunoon, Scotland.. John Löfblad ° National Federation of Building Trade Operatives, Hastings, England... John Löfblad c о Nordiska Byggnads- och Träarbetareunionen, ( Nordic Building and Woodworkers Federation), Bergen, Norway... John Löfblad Landsbygdens Arbetarförbund( Unskilled workers), Helsingfors, Finland.. John Löfblad European Day of Workers in Electrical Industries, Schreveningen, Holland.. John Löfblad Construction and Building Trades Department, AFL/ CIO, Miami Baach, USA.... John Löfblad Norsk Arbeidsmannsforbund( General Workers) Oslo, Norway. 0 Gewerkschaft der Bau- und Holzarbeiter, ( Building and woodworkers union), Vienna, Austria... Knut Johansson Klaus Kjelsrud Agac- Is( Turkish Woodworkers Union), Ankara, Turkey... Ypai- Is( Turkish Building Workers Union), Ankara, Turkey. 24John Löfblad John Löfblad NOW The following Trade Unions were affiliated to IFBWW in the course of the Business Year: Karayol- Is( Road Workers), Turkey. 3.000 members Frente- Autonome Sindikal( Building Workers) Uruguay.. ff 5.000. The Painters and Plasterers Syndicate, Jordan. Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union of America, USA and Canada.... ? 11 50.000 Laborers International Union, USA and Canada. Serikat Buruh Pekerd jaan Umum dan Tenaga, ( Labourers and Power Plant Workers), Indonesia. Puutyöväen Liitto r.y.( Woodworkers), Finland...... Fastighetsanställdas Förbund( Building Service 10.000 11 2.000 11.000 ?? 28.500 Employees), Sweden ,. Among these new members the unions in USA, Canada, Finland and Sweden, comprising 99.500 registered members, are making full membership contribution to IFBWW. On the 1st March 1968 IFBWW had 2.257.989 paying members in 106 unions in 36 countries. bas - 25- Copenhagen in March, 1968, John Löfblad fiona THE GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PERIOD 1st APRIL 1968- 31st MARCH 1969 Significant economic progress has been made within the world economy in Anno 1968. However, the development cannot be characterised as quite satisfactory. Unemployment is still a paramount problem in the majority of the industrialised countries as well as in the developing countries. A number of currencies have been exposed to critical influences and this has been the case of Sterling and French Frans in particular. In USA where the problem of keeping down the number of unemployed workers has been a cause of trouble for years January 1969 showed the lowest unemployment figures for this month in 15 years, viz. 3.3%. The unemployment figures are varying greatly between the dofferent groups of population, however. Thus it was only 2% among adult workers, while it was 11.7% for teenagers. Unemployment among non- white follow citizens was 6%. For married workers it was only 1.4%. The total number of unemployed workers in January was 2.5 million. USA has 200 million inhabitants. The total labour force of the building industry in USA is now 3.3 million. The average hourly earning for workers in USA is now $ 2.95 and the average weekly earning$ 110.63. The world is full of contrasts. The industrialised countries are making good progress while the problems are increasing in the developing countries. The world population grows by more than 180,000 every day. The present rate of growth, 1.9%, will double the world population by Anno 2006 bringing its number up to nearly 7 mia. In Latin America the population is increased by 3% per annum, the fastest growth in the world, while in Europe the rate of growth is 0.8%. On an average 150 children out of every 1,000 births die during the first year of life in the developing countries, and the death rate is much higher in many Latin American states. The corresponding figures are 12.6 in Sweden, 13.7 in Iceland, 14.2 in Finland, 14.7 in the Netherlands. The death rate in USA is 22.1. The following table shows the growth per annum in per cents. of the production total, the population and the production per capita in the developing countries according to region in 1967 and during the period 1960- 1967. -26- 1967 1960-1967 total Region prod. popu- prod. total popu- prod. lation/ cap. prod. lation/ cap. Europe 4.7 1.5 3.2 7.4 1.4 5.8 Africa 2.4 3.12.3 0.9 Northern Sahara 2.7 2.2 2.6 -0.3 Southern Sahara 2.4 3.7 2.3 1.4 Latin America 4.5 3.0 1.5 4.7 2.9 1.7 Northern and Central America 5.9 3.3 2.5 6.0 3.2 2.7 Southern America 3.8 2.8 1.0 4.0 2.7 1.3 Asia 7.7 2.5 5.1 5.1 2.5 2.5 Middle East 6.8 3.1 3.6 7.2 2.8 4.4 Southern Asia 8.9 2.4 6.3 4.1 2.4 1.6 Far East 6.1 2.6 3.4 5.9 2.7 3.1 Developing countries in all 5.6 2.5 3.0 5.0 2.5 2: 4 Politically 1968 has been a hectic, nervous, and little encouraging year, even though more serious conflicts have been avoided. Irritations and strong antagonism have been noted in many quarters and presumably it is only thanks to the great power equilibrium that more comprehensive conflicts were avoided. The great catastrophy of the year was the invation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union and the other Warsaw countries. on the 21st August 1968, an event that practically brought back. the state of cold war. Not least remarkable is the fact that the operation was a flagrant breach of the Potsdam treaty, which among other provisions prohibits the use of German forces for aggresive purposes. Further the Potsdam treaty lays down that military actions must be based on mutual agreement between a number of states. To those working for disarmament and relaxation between the great powers this action meant a very serious backlash. The Czechish tragedy is very deep and its consequences very hard to view. Great sympathy with the brave, freedom- loving Czechish nation has been expressed from every part of the world. Even in communist circles the Czechish tragedy caused much alarm and division. Bq add it on по 27. The world is anxiously awaiting the further development. As yet Czechoslovakia is not a settled affair. Numerous events of history show that in fact any oppression of a nation loving its freedom is impossible. The only solution will then be annihilation and eradication of the whole nation, a solution that has been tried. time and again throughout history. One cannot see that resort to such methods should be necessary nowadays. But perhaps the best thing will be to be prepared for any contingency. 6.2 I M 8 How difficuly it is to defeat a people loving its freedom has been proved in Vietnam. The terrible purposeless war is still raging and we cannot but ascertain this once more. Negotiations and talks are next to futile, but the human sacrifices are great. 33,000 young Americans have lost their lives in the Vietnamese bb jungles, but the most apalling sacrifices have been made by the natives of the country, whose casualties must be counted in hundred thousands. The war in Vietnam is a cause of great worry all over the world and in USA the opinions on the purpose of the war are greatly divided, and the general cause of strong internal tension and subsequent unstable political and social conditions. Never before has a war on a local level attracted so much worldwide interest and caused so much disturbance. The crisis in the Middle East has aggravated this last year and it lokks as if the situation here has developed into a bad circle. Certain terror organisations in the Arab countries have been terrorising Israel and Israel has retaliated. Also this develop- to ment has greatly alarmed the world. edd The people of Israel wants to live in peace with its neighbours and create an industrially and socially organised welfare oms state within its borders. Up till this day it has had to fight hard for the mere existence of the nation. It has won the admir- t ation of a whole world by the achievements made under unheard difficult conditions. The state of Israel has been a social example to the world. .def But Israel exists under very unfavourable external political conditions. Its enemies make no secret of their intentions. Supported by the Soviet Union the Arab states seem to be as well armed as before the six day war very soon. To say the least of it the development in this part of the world is alarming. 28. It goes without saying that our sympathy compasses also the poor Arab peoples, who are spending their lives in great misery most of them. To these the six day war meant no solution to the problems, but an unheard aggravation of the situation of millions of people. The Six Day War meant destruction to the economy of many Arab states. Instead of spending vast sums on military armament the Arab states might need investing in social and peaceful armament aiming at a solution of the enormous social injustices and problems. Considering the magnitude of the problems it is an immense task, indeed, so immense as to border to insolvability. But the problems have to be tackled some day. To a stranger it is impossible to perceive how an annihilation of the State of Israel would involve solutions and progress for the Arab peoples. It cannot but be that most people are at a loss to understand the Middle East situation. It is completely void of logic and sense. And it is the individual poor men that are the loosers, as always. United Nations seem to be powerless, naturally due to the fact that the member states, the great powers above all, prefer to let short- sighted egoistical motives thrive at the expense of what ought to be predominant aim to everybody, viz. to provide for the world organisation the status that will be required if international conflicts are to be settled effectively. Gunnar Jarring, the UN conciliator, has been delegated with a very difficult task. Like Vietnam and Czechoslovakia also Israel and the Arab states are the victims of the unheard cynical way the great powers are playing their game of foreign policy. The successor to the late Levi Eskol, who died so suddenly, is, indeed, faced with a difficult task. The 12th Ordinary IFBWW Congress is to be held in Israel from the 17th till the 19th September 1969. It should be a great experience to the delegates even if the external circumstances are not the very best due to the critical situation. Yet, it might be valuable to everyone to have an opportunity of inside information on the background, the purport and the consequences of the crisis at the spot. - 29- In Greece the colonels are left undisturbed and free to oppress any attempts at regaining freedom. By all means the military Junta tries to convince the world that it saved Greece from an even worse fate. It seems as if some people believe this, but most people do not. The Greek tourist industry, on which the country is very dependent, seems to have suffered much because of the militray usurpation. It is encouraging to note that people do not want to A visit dictatorships. We ought to do more to spread information about the importance of this negative activity. This will perturb the rulers. In Merlina Mercouri and George Papandreo the Greek liberty movement is having two distinguished advocates in the world. We should afford them every possible support. The boycot of tourism should also be extended to Spain. Some years ago such a boycot was advertized by ICFTU, I believe it was, but it did not come to much. Now it should be revived. In 1968 19 million foreign tourists visited Spain and supplied the country with about 1,135 million Dollar worth of foreign currency. Tourism is what saves Franco. Very recently we were reminded of the situation in Spain, a situation that obviously had been forgotten. as Mass apprehensions and declaration of civil emergency were Franco's answer to the workers' and students' demand for greater freedom. 30 years after the civil war, which Hitler and Mussolino brought to a victorious conclusion for Franco against the lawful government, Spain is still one of the poorest countries in Europe thanks to the inconceivably miserable policy of the dictatorate. And for all that Spain is a country of rich opportunities for an economic and social development, and yet tourism is the only industry that prospers. But what are the earning like made by the employees of the said industry? According to information had it seems as if the personnel at a Swedish holiday establishment near Malaga makes less than$ 800 a year, and this even seems to be more than the average earnings. And who collects the profits? But Spain is. in a ferment. It is not so sure that future will have but pleasures in store for Franco and his followers, in spite of all idling and ignorant tourists. UGT, the Spanish trade union movement in exile is doing an excellent job under diffident conditions in order to carry on the d fight and keep the world awake to this question. The civil war - 30- in Spain was the great matter of conscience to the youth all over the world in the late thirties, perhaps even more so than Vietnam is to the youth of to- day. That fight must not have been fought in vain. We ought to support UGT and the fight for freedom for the Spanish people as much as we can. In Portugal terrorism and dictatorship is ruling, too. In Angola and Mosambique strong liberty movements are at work, but they have difficulties in achieving decisive results, chiefly because the dictatorial government in Lisboa in many ways receives support from outside sources in form of industrial investments in the colonies and otherwise. Among other dark spots on the maps one cannot avoid naming Rhodesia and the South African Republic. In these countries the development is simply horrible. FLOW Great Britain and her prime minister, Mr. Wilson, have failed their efforts to bring about any arrangement with Ian Smith and his rebellious reign, which carries on its racist policy that cannot but lead to a catastrophy to the white race in Africa sooner or later. Whatefter the situation is like, the white race constitute but a small minority in Africa, Rhodesia and South Africa, and in the end it will have to bent to the development, though it is hard to predict how. In South Africa TUCSA, Trade Union Council of South Africa, the South African federation of trade unions, has long been opposing the racist policy of the government, apparently with some success. Now it has given way, however, and only so- called registered trade unions are now admitted as members of TUCSA. This involves that the coloured workers cannot be members. It goes without saying that the consequences will be even more far reaching. It is a very regrettable development we have been observing in South Africa in recent years, and by now it tends to top. What is about to happen is simply something dreadful. To South Africa the consequence will be more complete isolation while it is waiting for the catastrophy. The disquiet and irritation within the communist block have increased revealing openly the heterogenous nature of the whole caboodle. The events in Czechoslovakia are going to prove a serious strain. - 31- The disagreements between the Soviet Union and China are particularly outspoken and have developed into armed border confrontations. and of at Tito and Yugoslavia have ever since the close of the World War been a thorn in the flesh of Soviet for one, the self- made ruler of the Soviet Block, and is so still. In several countries beside Czechoslovakia signs of irritation vadd caused by the Russian domination have become evident within the communist block. That this development has led to a straining of the solidarity within the so- called international trade unionism of the communist world is beyond doubt. It will hardly be any exaggeration to say that its activities have been paralyzed. зболя In Nigeria a futile civil war is raging, the consequences of which will be next to eradication of the whole population of Biafra. Also there exporters of weapon as well as the great powers are playing an ugly game in the background causing terrible sufferings to innocent human victims. In many respects 1968 was a year of tragedy. It is bloody irony that UN dedicated the year to Human Rights. In the course of the year USA lost two of her most prominent leaders in a cruel almost incredible manner. ab go tau The leader of the negroes, Dr. Martin Luther King, and senator Robert Kennedy fell victims to assassinators. One can hardly find words to express the losses and the chock these murders meant to the world. That the losses are immeasurable and the consequences to America and the world unsurveyable cannot be doubted, however. Here two leaders, who possessed the visionary mind as well as the courage and ability required in order to captivate and lead, disappeared. But unfortunately it seems as strong dark forces want that state of affairs. Dr. King was assassinated by a hired notorious criminal. The chase and capture of him adds no lustre to the defiled glory of FBI. The loss of Dr. King and the Kennedy brothers is grave and incompensable. But the memory of these personalities will always live and inspire others to take their places in the fight for peace, freedom and social justice. - 32 Senator Robert Kennedy was murdered amidst the campaign prior to the very important presidential election in USA. President Johnson was fed up with Vietnamese warfare and internal troubles in USA and had decided to retire to his home town in Texas. He never thrived in the White House. Now numerous hands were stretched out to grasp the presidency. The Republican Party nominated Richard Nixon. In the Democratic Party the division bordered to defaitism. The murder of Senator Kennedy meant no improvement to the situation. Vice- precident Hubert Humphrey was afforded no wholehearted support. The democratic convent in Chicago developed into a scandal with commotions, undue police interference and the ultimate cause of the democratic defeat. In the end Humphrey, strongly but not unanimously supported . by the trade union movement, was nominated the decocratic candidate with Senator Muskie of Maine as candidate for the vice- presidency. On the whole their prospects of success were considered hopeless. Their opponents were Nixon with Spiro T. Agrew, governor of Maryland, as candicate for the vice- presidency. A third candidate to the presidency was the former governor of Alabama, George Wallace, with ex- air marshal Curtis LeMay as candidate for the vice- presidency. The turned out to be a hard election campaign. Against every expectation Humphrey began to gain grounds and on the election day he practically got as many votes as Nixon, who was appointed the 37th president of the United States, however. The result of the election has given cause of much speculation. A united Democratic Party should have defeated Nixon. The demo- o cratic defeat was self- inflicted. Humphrey was almost repeating the Truman surprise from 1948. There is every good reason to condole Humphrey. He is a great politician who has performed a unique job in American politics. The years by the side of Lyndon Johnson forced him to inactivity, however, but such is the lot of a vicepresident. There is no reason to observe the development on USA attentively. Nixon barely defeated Humphrey. But also the recist Wallace got 14% of the votes. The outcome of the election thus gave a strong conservative majority among the voters, a very serious fact. The only spot of light is that the election to the congress did not prove quite as successful to the conservative forces. - 33 But there is room for many problems. What will be the foreign policy pursued by president Nixon? Will he be able to liquidate od the Vietnamese War? What will his internal policy be like? The negroes have no confidence in him. What will he be doing in order to resume the war against poverty? Can he and will he do slum aexeT clearing job? Will he be improving the almost completely forgotten housing policy? What will be the consequence of the election of Nixon to the American trade unionism? Mutual confidence is almost lacking and within large sectors of the trade union movement it is anticipated with some anxiety that a legislative hostility to trade unionism will be introduced. Naturally, there is no reason to pass any categoric judgement on Nixon until he has been able to make his office bear, but there will hardly be any risk involved in predicting that his historical classification will not be that of a social reformer. In spite of her vaste material resources USA is the forum of serious social conflicts. Irrespective of the enormous progress, in the field of space research in particular, there still remain relatively important st minorities in USA whose material conditions may be compared with. the conditions of the populations in certain developing countries. The fight for social justice goes on. The trade union movement, nob and especially certain personalities of it, have strongly engaged themselves in this fight siding with the poor people. Unfortunately the American trade union movement is divided and by grave internal conflicts. Most recently the disputes have been expressed as disagreement on the goals of the foreign policy on A the part of the trade union movement. The president of AFL/ CIO, 74 year old George Meany, former plumber, and the 60 year old president of the Union of Automobile Workers, Walter P. Reuther, can hardly be said ever to have pulled well together, and now it has come to open confrontation. The giant UAW with 1.700.000 members is no longer affiliated to AFL/ CIO.. Instead this union has entered an alliance with the Teamsters Union, which has as many members. The teamsters were excluded from AFL/ CIO in 1956 on an allegation of unwillingness to weed out undesireable gangster elements within the union. Its president, Jimmy Hoffa, ton is at present serving 13 years imprisonment for various offences.o 28 - 34- This crisis of the American trade unionism has had severe after- effects to ICFTU. The internal American dispute has been moved into the international field and the party suffering most is ICFTU. A very regrettable fact. Having retired from AFL/ CIO the UAW has applied for a separate membership of ICFTU. George Meany vetoed this. An aspect of the matter is that the American Union of Miners, which is not an affiliate of AFL/ CIO is directly affiliated to ICFTU. -As, according to George Meany, ICFTU did not react with sufficient determination against UAW, Meany and his AFL/ CIO retired from ICFTU. He openly declared that he consider the general secretary of ICFTU, Harm G. Buiter, as persona non grata. This naturally means a serious blow to ICFTU. To loose about 13 million paying members at the same time loosing about US$ 500.000 worth of member subscriptions p.a. The after- effects on the functionability of ICFTU may be rather far- reaching. A natural consequence will be limited activities. But other consequences more serious than this may follow. In terms of prestige the defeat is a grave one. The prospects of successful efforts in the developing countries are curtailed, etc., etc.buta 918 The 9th ICFTU Congress to be held in Brussels on the 2nd- 9th July 1969 is no doubt going to be a very important one. I Another severe blow to ICFTU was also the closing down of the school at Kampala by the government of Uganda, and its compulsory acquisition later on. On the whole ICFTU regained the full value of the school, however. Altogether it will now be difficult to ICFTU, and also to the trade union secretariats, to work in Africa. The African governments demand that the trade unions remain absolutely independent of. international contacts of any kind whatsoever ( non- alignment). The management of ICFTU also seems to have decided now to move the ICFTU school at New Dehli to Malaysia, doing so to have the school more centrally situated for serving the whole of Asia. The Scandinavian federal organisations have guaranteed the working of the school for a term of 3 years by placing$ 100.000 at disposal p.a. for this purpose plus$ 30.000 for defrayal of the costs of removal. The head of the school is now the Swedish trade unionist Bo Carlsson. - 35 The difficulties of ICFTU has lead to a strengthening of the position of the trade union secretariates within the international labour movement. The trade union secretariats now in existence vom had a membership of about 47 million in November 1968, an increase by about 6 million in one year. Strange to see also that in fact a good many trade union leaders seem to consider this just as well. The interest in ICFTU is diminished and the trade union secretariats are favoured. A development along these lines cannot but be e wrong. ICFTU and the trade union secretariats must be complementary to one another. We simply must have an international for the a national federations. Some way or another we must pull ourselves together to create one. That the trade union secretariates are consolidating their positions is not less gratifying, however. That development will no doubt continue. Thus 1968 has been a year of disturbances and unquiet in many respects. A distinguished feature of the year has been the students' engagement in the social debate. They have been demonstrating and revolting in may ways, this has been the case with the more radical phalanxes of students in particular. Even in the communist world the students have been rebellious. The students' revolts are an innovation that has caused worries of many kinds. By now students make up a large group in every country, and their reactions can no longer be disregarded. Moreover, they are now displaying toa a far more radical attitude. Especially in France commotions with a strong leaven of students, was a fact in June 1968 that practically paralysed the country for some short time. We shall no doubt be seeing more to the social engagement of the students. Activities in the Developing Countries The activities in the developing countries have been going on within the scopes fixed for the period. However, various re- organisations of the work have been necessary. Thus it is getting more difficult to work in Africa. However, Sven Mattsson is still doing an active service in Africa from his station in Zambia. - 36- In the course of the year our member union in Uganda had to withdraw from IFBWW because of the" non- alignment" policy of the government. In Malaysia the work has gone on and it is a question if it ought not to be expanded in this area, if possible. Brother Ramanujan, the ICFTU representative in Singapore, also administered the IFBWW support in the area, but he died suddenly in 1968, only 50 years old, leaving a great void. The executive committee, however, decided to appoint Brother B.R.N. Thampi, an official of the Malayan Forest Workers Union, to administer the IFBWW activities in the area, and he is doing so with keen interest and great energy. In the course of the year the Building Workers Union of Venezuela and the Woodworkers Union of Surinam joined our federation as paying members. The activities in Turkey have during the year been the object of keen interest to the executive committee and in August 1968 the management committee adjourned a meeting to this country in order to discuss various questions with the member unions on the spot. A special cause of worry has been the circumstance that the printing press with which IFBWW in common with the Norwegian Labour Movement presented the Turkish unions some years ago, has not been able to function. Present at the meeting of the management committee in Turkey was therefore also the secretary to the Norwegian Labour Party, Haakon Lie. After some considerations it was agreed that further investments would be required if the press should be usable at all. Accordingly John Löfblad and a technical expert from Norway, Magnus Halseth, compositor foreman at" Arbeideravisa"( Labourers Newspaper) Trondheim, visited Turkey afterwards ordering and forwarding supplementary equipment to Turkey. This was made possible through the courtesy of the Solidarity Fund of the Norwegian Labour Movement and the Swedish Fund which placed about D.kr. 70.000 at disposal for the purpose. A technical expert from Norway will later on stay in Turkey for some time in order to help the unions to put the press to operation. Afterwards the press is to be looked after by the Turkish unions of Yapi- Is( building workers) and Agac- Is( woodworkers). - 37- 37e The former IFBWW representative in Turkey over a term of years, Brother Sina Pamukcu, resigned his office at his own request in 1968 and a new representative has not been appointed. A new appointment should not be made for the time being. Direct economic aid to the unions has ceased and in so far as such is to be extended the Turkish unions prefer that it be given in the form of materials. Both unions have now declared themselves ready to pay subscription fees to IFBWW. It is beyond doubt that these two unions have become considerably stabilised these last years, and on the whole they are by now able to manage very well according to Turkish standards. But Turkey is a very poor country. The activities of IFBWW have now been extended to compass also Latin America. From several quarters IFBWW has been contacted and requested to try to widen its contacts in this part of the world. Such requests were made both by ICFTU and by other trade union secretariats. The contacts have been expanded and unions from Latin America and the Caribbean Region have been affiliated to IFBWW. In accordance with a decision passed by the executive committee two seminars have now been held in Latin America. The first seminar was held at the ORIT- School, Guernavaca, Mexico, 24th 28th February 1969. ORIT is an abbreviation of the Spanish Organisacion Interamericana Trabajadores, the regional organisation for the Western hemisphere of ICFTU. The seminar was attended by 27 participants from the Mexican building and woodworkers unions and one participant from each of the states of Peru, Uruguay and El Salvador. A similar seminar was arranged by IFBWW in Caracas, Venezuela, 7th March 1969, and attended by 18 participants from the Venezuelan Building Workers Union. 3rd Broadly speaking the programme of the seminars consisted of the subjects: Trade Unionism, International Trade Unionism, Bar- n gaining and Agreements, Economy, Informative and Organisational Activities, and ILO. Assisting on behalf of IFBWW were John Löfblad and Jan- Erik Norling. Other assistants were lecturers from the countries in which the seminars were held and from ILO. We got the impression that the seminars had been successful and that the participants as well as their organisations were very much interested in a strengthening of the contacts with IFBWW. In case of a continued expansion of the activities in Latin America IFBWW should prepare itself for a closer co- operation with certain other trade union secretariats, if not for any other reason then because of the limited resources of IFBWW that may be better utilised in a co- operation with others. Also an increased support by and co- operation with ILO may be expected. Latin America is a vast continent with many aspects and view points, a fact I have tried to illustrate in other connections. It is attracting an ever increasing interest on the part of the ave rest of the world. The continent is one big underdeveloped country with all the problems this involves. In spite of growing dynamics and splendid metropoles poverty and privation are dominant features in Latin America. The explosive growth of the population and illiteracy are grave hindrances to a favourable development. Democracy is not very well developed in Latin America, either. Dictatorships, semidictatorships, police states thrive well here. com Many people in Latin America are talking of the revolution that must come. It will be hard to carry within any viewable time seeing how unprepared the masses seem to be for such an operation. Those in power have the military forces at their disposal. In Latin America the task proper of the defensive power is not to protect the country against external enemies. Such do not exist at the moment. The Latin American states are living in peace with one another. Territorial conflicts need not arise, Latin America has plenty of space. The armed forces are there to defend the internal state of affairs and those in power. This is their task. But the future of Latin America is hardly going to be peaceful. Contrarily, it is likely to be a turbulent one. The population smoulders beneath the surface. The contrasts between the rich and the poor are too fantastic. Strong forces, however, are at play in many countries working for social reforms. These forces are very eager to establish contaets with the old world. Also contacts with the democratic trade union movement are wanted. The isolation of Latin America is about to be broken. The continent has been almost unknown to the world. By now it has become awake to learning to know this mysterious continent. It is easy to think out solutions, but it is ever so difficult to realise these. But we are all of us responsible for the development in Latin America. Within the limits of our resources and possibilities we have to multiply our contacts with the trade union movement there, and this is gaining ground. There is not the least doubt that to IFBWW it offers great possibilities of recruitment of new affiliates. The building industry and the woodworking industry are of a considerable magnitude, and they will be multiplying very soon. The statement of accounts below shows the budget for the developing countries adopted by the executive committee at its meeting at St. Maxime, France, in April 1968, compared with the expenses actually paid. Purpose #I Estimated costs Sums paid Sven Mattsson, salary D. kr. 58,600 D. kr. 58,600.११ administr. and travels ११ ११ 30,000 ११ 11 30,000.Rhodesia 10,000 ?? ११ 10,000.Nigeria ११ PP 25,000 ११ ११ 0.Malawi ११ 20,000 540.Zambia ११ 20,000 f! 0.Ethiopia ff 20,000 ११ ؟؟ 0.Uganda ११ ?? 12,000 0.Turkey น 50,000 11 11 35,778.06 Malaysia 21,500 ११ 22,560.Latin America( seminars) Unforeseen expenses ११ 1? 75,000 ११ 0.ff ff 25,000 ? P ११ D. kr. 367,100 4,566.89+) D. kr. 162,044.95 +) These costs of these seminars are accounted for in the financial year of 1st April 1969- 31st March 1970. 103 The Solidarity Fund of ICFTU preliminarily granted$ 13,725 in aid of these projects, and up till this day IFBWW has submitted accounts for completed projects entitling the federation to receive $ 10,374. And then the seminars in Latin America are not included. Accounts in respect of these will be rendered later on. Apparently they will involve a cost total of about$ 8,000 to be paid by IFBWW, and$ 3,000 of this has been granted by ILO. One half of the then remaining$ 5,000 should be recoverable from the ICFTU grant in aid. 40. ICFTU now informs that because of the tight financial situation it will not be possible to make any further grants in aid. from the Solidarity Fund, a piece of information that cannot be lead to certain considerations on the part of IFBWW as it right away reduces the income of IFBWW by about D. kr. 100,000 per annum, and will affect our activities in the developing countries directly. Some further information about the activities ICFTU/ IFBWW International Housing Committee John Löfblad, and Heribert Maier, ICFTU, have jointly held the office as chairmen of the ICFTU/ IFBWW International Housing Committee. As before the secretaryship has been held by Heinz Umrath, Holland. In the course of the year the committee published a small book on Financing of Housing. A separate management committee has been appointed within the committee consisting of John Löfblad, Heinz Umrath, George Lowthian, Great Britain, J. Fernandez, Belgium, H. Hardmeier, Switzerland, and J.E. Norling, Sweden. Heinz Umrath has been representing IFBWW and ICFTU on the UN Committee for Housing and Planning. Heinz Umrath also represented IFBWW on the ECE Committee on Housing Problems. John Löfblad has attended various meetings of the Joint Committee for Building and Woodworkers within EEC. Sven Mattsson, the IFBWW representative in Africa, visited Brussels, Copenhagen and Stockholm in August 1968 to report on his activities. John Löfblad represented IFBWW at a General Conference of Trade Union Secretariats in Geneva, January 1969. John Löfblad has represented IFBWW at meetings of the Trustees of the so- called Swedish Fund. The Committee for the Building Industry has during the year been consisting of JA John Löfblad, Chairman Harry Weaver, Great Britain Rudolf Sperner, Germany Emile Janssens, Belgium Knut Johansson, Sweden Jan- Erik Norling has acted as secretary to the committee. - 4- - The EEC/ EFTA Committee was appointed in the course of the year. It consists of: John Löfblad, Chairman From EEC: From EFTA: Emile Janssens, Belgium Rudolf Sperner, Germany A. Buys, Holland J.H. Mills, Great Britain Joseph Laš, Austria Knut Johansson, Sweden Jan- Erik Norling acts as secretary to the committee. Conferences Youth Conference in Austria The 7th IFBWW Youth Conference was held at Karl Flöttl Bildungsheim, Brunn am Gebirge, Austria, 8th 14th September 1968, with 56 participants from 9 countries. Painters Conference in Holland 28th 29th October 1968 IFBWW arranged a conference for the Painters Group at the holiday home of the Dutch Building Workers Union," Troelstra- Oord", at Egmond aan Zee, Holland, with 51 participants from 9 countries. Stoneworkers Conference in Holland 31st October 1st November 1968 IFBWW arranged a conference. for the Stoneworkers Group at the same place with 31 participants from 9 countries. At the ICFTU International Youth Conference in Istanbul, Turkey, September 1968, IFBWW defrayed the cost of participation of one member from each of the Turkish member unions, Yapi- Is( Building) and Agac- Is( woodworking industry). The Executive Committee has had two meetings in the course of the year, at St. Maxime, France, in April 1968, and in Luxemburg in January 1969. The Management Committee met four times in the course of the year. At St. Maxime, France, in April 1968, in Turkey in August 1968, in London in December 1968, and in Luxembourg in January 1969. - 42- 8th Session of the ILO Committee for Building and General Works Preparations had been made for the meeting of this committee in Geneva, 30th September- 11th October 1968. Also IFBWW had made the necessary preparations in order to play a part at the I meeting. The meeting of the committee was to be held under the chairmanship of a representative from the Sovjet Union. On the 21st August 1968 Czechoslovakia was invaded by Sovjet military forces as well as military forces from the other Warsaw Treaty countries. IFBWW like most other organisations protested against the meeting of the committee under the chairmanship of a representative of the Sovjet regime in these circumstances. Without referring the cause to the protests the executive committee of ILO decided to postpone the meeting. It has been informed that in all probability the session will be held in 1970. 12th Ordinary IFBWW Congress Comprehensive preparations have been made in the course of the year in connection with the 12th Ordinary IFBWW Congress to be held in Israel 17th 19th September 1969. John Löfblad visited Israel in November 1968. During the year, IFBWW has in many ways had an extensive and pleasant co- operation with ICFTU and several other trade union secretariats. In the Course of the Year IFBWW has been represented at the Following Congresses Alg. Bedrijfsbond voor de Meubileringsen Houtbedrijven,( Furniture and Woodworkers), Amsterdam Holland ..A. Buys Murerforbundet i Århus,( Bricklayers), Denmark.... A. Buys Sadelmager- og Tapetsererforbundet i København,( Upholsterers and Paperhangers), Denmark ( cont.) Harry Christensen - 43- Federazione Nazionale Lavoratori, Torino, Italy 8 James H. Mills De Algemene Centrale, Antwerpen, Belgium. John Löfblad Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers, Clacton on Sea John Löfblad National Federation of Building Trade Operatives, Weston- super- Mare John Löfblad Suomen Sähköalantyöntekijäin Liitto, ( Electricians), Tammerfors, Finland John Löfblad Dansk Arbejdsmandsforbund,( General Workers) Copenhagen, Denmark John Löfblad Svenska Träindustriarbetare förbundet, ( Woodworkers), Stockholm, Sweden verband,( Building and Woodworkers), Biel..... John Löfblad V Schweizerischer Bau- und HolzarbeiterPuutyöväen Liitto ( Woodworkers), John Löfblad Helsinki, Finland John Löfblad The following Trade Unions have become affiliated to IFBWW in the course of the year: Bruynzeel Werknemeres Organisatie ( Woodworkers), Surinam Federación de Trabajadores de la Industria de la Construccion de 800 members Venezuela( Building Workers), Venezuela ..... 104,000 mambers On the 1st March 1969 IFBWW had 2,291,521 paying members in 37 countries and 102 trade unions. - Copenhagen in April 1969 JOHN LÖFBLAD General Secretary The General Secretary's Report on the Period 1st April- 31st July 1969 TOU During the time that has passed since the close of the latest financial year the activities have been carried on according to routine. The preliminary work in connection with the 12th Ordinary IBWW Congress at Tel Aviv, Israel, on the 17th, 18th and 19th September 1969, has been continued in co- operation with Histadrut and Histour. Between the 1st April and the 31st July 1969 IFBWW has been represented at the following congresses and conferences: Norwegian Union of Forest and Agricultural Workers, 20th.- 24th April.. Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers, England, 2nd 4th June... John Löfblad John Löfblad IG Bau- Steine- Erden, Germany, 4th 8th June.. John Löfblad B The Nordic Federation of Building and Woodworkers, Sweden, 9th loth June... John Löfblad ° C с с о National Federation of Building Trades Operatives, England, 11th 13th June. John Löfblad John Löfblad с International Labour Conference, Geneva, 15th 24th June..... Swedish Forest Workers Union, 29th- 30th June...... John Löfblad International Federation of Free Trade Unions, 9th Ordinary World Congress, Brussels, 2nd- 8th July.... J. H. Mills and 110 John Löfblad The Management Committee met in Oslo on the 25th April, in Helsingfors on the 3rd May, and in Geneva on the 23rd June. PND The Executive Committee met in Helsingfors on the 3rd 5th May. The E.C.E. Housing Committee met in Geneva on the 26th 30th May and IFBWW was represented by J.E. Norling and Heinz Umrath. The Catholic Union of Building Workers, Nederlandse Katoliche Bond Van Werknemers in De Bouwnijverheid St. Joseph, 82,000 members, has joined the IFBWW as from the 1st July 1969. The North American union of woodworkers, International Woodworkers of America, has joined IFBWW as from the 1st July 1969. The Building Workers Union in Iceland has likewise joined the IFBWW from the 1st July 1969. UGT the Spanish Union Generale de Trabajadores de España trade union movement in exile, having its headquarters in Toulose, France, has by decision of the Executive Committee been granted an amount of D. kr. 25,000 from the IFBWW Spain fund. IFBWW has recommended ILO that a separate tripartite Timber Conference be arranged soonest, as such a conference has not been held since 1958. The Management of ILO informs that such a conference will be arranged in 1971. In accordance with decision made by the Executive Committee the publications" Bulletin" and" Housing Bulletin" are now published in a printed execution every quarter- year. The brochure, the publication of which was decided by the Executive Committee, is now available in the following versions: Danish, English, French, Dutch, German, Spanish. THE IFBWW BODIES DURING THE PAST PERIOD Executive Committee: J.H. Mills Great Britain President A. Buys Netherlands Vice- President John Löfblad General Secretary Knut Johansson Sweden Harry Christensen Denmark Harry Weaver Karl Flöttl Great Britain Austria 7.7.1966 4.1.1968 SH en Josef Las M. Hupel Austria 4.1.1968 4.5.1969. France Gallus Berger Switzerland Georg Leber Germany Rudolf Sperner Germany 7.7.1966- 23.4.1967 from 23.4.1967 Gerhard Vater Germany H. Flexer Israel A. Rota USA G. Lloyd Great Britain Painters' Representative Klaus Kjelsrud Gösta Sandberg Norway Sweden 46 dot and Forestry Workers' Representative Stone Workers' Representative Management Committee: J. H. Mills A. Buys Great Britain Netherlands John Löfblad Rudolf Sperner Germany Knut Johansson Sweden Committee of Auditors: G. Smith Great Britain Gösta Sandberg Sweden Henry Hansen Denmark Auditor: A. A. Lawder Great Britain President Vice- President General Secretary Copenhagen, 21st August 1969 JOHN LÖFBLAD General Secretary EbertFriedrich* Bonn Stiftung Bibliothek * 2 3 7 8 Centimetres Inches Grayscale 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 C YM Sachverständigen- Zubehör.de 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 100% 50% 18% 0% Centimetres Inches 2 3 5 9 7 8 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Sachverständigen- Zubehör.de Green Yellow Red Magenta White Grey Black # 759675 # 008B00 # FFFFC7 # FFFF00 # FFC9C9 # F10000 # FFC9FF # FF00FF #FFFFFF # 9D9E9E # D9DADA # 5B5B5B # 000000 Blue # C9C9FF # 0000FF 2 Color chart Cyan # C0E5FC # 009FFF nek* Du