REPORT
MEETING OF THE IFJ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
BOSTON, 15-16 May 1999
Z 8178
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS
Rue Royale, 266
B- 1210 BRUSSELS( Belgium)

6. Current
International Federation of Journalists
Executive Committee Meeting Boston, May 15th- 16th, 1999
Report
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1. Opening
The President welcomed delegates and opened the meeting.
2. Apologies
Apologies were received from Tony Wilton and from Gregorio Salazar who was replaced by the reserve advisor Robert Mejia Alarcon.
3. Adoption of the Agenda
The agenda was adopted.
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4. Minutes of the Previous Meeting
The report of the Executive Committee Meeting, Brussels( 14-15 November 1998) was
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5. General Secretary's Report
The General Secretary reported on his mission to Belgrade and on the protests and statements made by the IFJ in response to the war in Yugoslavia. He said that allocations out of the IFJ Safety Fund had been made to support journalists and their families who have been made unemployed, persecuted or victims of violence during the conflict.
Several members congratulated the General Secretary on his mission to Belgrade and the way he had handled the IFJ's response to the war in Yugoslavia.
The Honorary Treasurer supported these remarks and moved that the Executive Committee express its respect and congratulations to the General Secretary and endorse the actions undertaken by the secretariat. This was agreed.
Jagoda Vukusic reported that while journalists in Montenegro had not been subject to direct censorship as their colleagues in Belgrade there had been attacks on journalists
Z 8178

2
by members of the Yugoslav army. As a result some colleagues had to flee the country. She suggested that the Executive Committee adopt a statement in support of IFJ members in Montenegro( Appendix 1).
The Executive Committee considered a Draft Resolution on Kosovo Crisis and Linda Foley proposed and amendment to paragraph 5 of the resolution to read:
66
Deplores all forms of aggression to suppress media voices, including attacks on media targets. We note that NATO reneged on an undertaking, in writing to the IFJ, made on April 12th, 1999 that it would avoid civilian targets, including journalists.
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She explained that at her union's convention a motion condemning NATO's attack on Radio Television Serbia was defeated. For that reason she asked the Executive Committee to support the amendment.
The General Secretary suggested to change the wording in the second sentence of the amendment to read" In particular, we note....". Linda Foley agreed to this change.
Kabral Blay- Amihere and Francisco Sant'Anna, opposed the amendment and pointed out that NATO had made a specific decision to attack media and the IFJ needed to be very clear that it condemned targeting of media by any military forces, including NATO. This position was supported by other members of the Executive Committee. Jim Boumelha agreed and said that it would put the IFJ in a very difficult position if it had to start to decide which journalists are journalists and which are propagandists and whether propagandists are legitimate targets or not. The resolution was very balanced, in his view, and should not be changed.
Linda Foley pointed out that she understood the points that had been made but given the decision of her union she would not be able to support the resolution as it stood.
Hans Verploeg proposed that the vote on the resolution be adjourned until after lunch. This was agreed unanimously.
When the discussion resumed Linda Foley explained that her proposal was not intended to raise problems, but to voice concerns raised within her union. She noted the views expressed by other colleagues and had decided to withdraw the amendment and proposed to vote on the resolution paragraph by paragraph so that her union would be able to support the substance of the resolution.
This was agreed and the meeting proceeded to vote on the resolution paragraph by paragraph. All eight paragraphs were voted upon and each was carried unanimously with the exception of paragraph 4 in which one abstention was recorded. The resolution was carried without opposition.( Appendix 2)
The Executive Committee formally endorsed the General Secretary's report.
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6. Current Activities of the IFJA ni vividos Ull in ug bomioq sol goY- 152 of bus noigst does mi show singlevs( 1
6.1 IFJ Projects: Strategies for 2000 and Beyond
The director of the IFJ Projects Division presented an overview of past and on- going project activity( Appendix 3).
In the discussion that followed, Soren Wormslev said that there were two types of projects- one developed within the IFJ system, the other developed at national level. In the first type of project the IFJ is involved in the full development and operation. But he pointed out that he wanted to strengthen the role of the IFJ projects division in the second type of project in teaming up unions and assisting unions in finding funding for activities.
He further said the Executive Committee project sub- committee should define the priorities for work also remembering the roots of the IFJ which are press freedom, journalism and trade union work.
Hans Verploeg pointed out that the IFJ must become even more professional in its minis project work and look for partners in this work and not make the mistake of focusing too narrowly on trade union work.
Farhana Ismail said she was worried by the project proposals for Africa which included support for the creation of a Southern African Journalists' Association linked to MISA. She said she had not heard of any MISA activity in the last three years and for a that they were not doing anything for journalists. She said it would be wrong potential SAJA to have any relation with MISA.
The director of projects explained that from a perspective from outside the region MISA was extremely active, producing regular reports on attacks on journalists and press freedom, analysis of media law and conducting campaigns against restrictive media legislation. In many countries in the region the journalists' association worked with MISA or were in some cases members of MISA. It would be difficult to create SAJA in competition with MISA. We needed to strengthen the voice of journalists on journalists' matters where MISA, in some cases, claimed to speak on behalf of journalists.
Farhana Ismail said that she did not seek an anti- MISA organisation, they could be complementary. If the journalists' organisations in the region had logistical support they could also provide information on attacks on journalists. In South Africa the IFJ members did not work with MISA.
Kabral Blay- Amihere supported the views of the director of projects concerning
MISA. He urged unions in Southern Africa to focus on key concerns of journalists and to strengthen the voice of journalists in these areas.

4
Seh- Yong Lee pointed out that IFJ activity in Asia needed to be strengthened. He proposed that the IFJ evaluate work in each region and to examine the success of project work in order to learn lessons for the future.
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Younouss M'Jahed proposed that in future project work should be discussed as part of the regional reports. This was agreed.
The Executive Committee further agreed to support the proposal from the projects review meeting on April 28 to establish an on- line database of on- going projects.
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The Executive Committee further agreed to organise a separate meeting of the project sub- committee which included Soren Wormslev, Jim Boumelha, the regional advisers and members of the Administrative Committee. This meeting would be organised in conjunction with the next Executive Committee meeting.
6.2 Internet at the IFJ Centre in Algeria
The Executive Committee welcomed the establishment of a web- site and on- line training unit at the Algeria centre.
6.3 Sports and Development( conference in Cape Town)
The Executive Committee agreed in principle to hold the next Executive Committee meeting in Cape Town in conjunction with the sports conference but only if the organisers confirm at least 75% of the funding by June 20th. If this is not the case, the Executive Committee will not be held in Cape Town.
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It was agreed that the IFJ would remain a junior partner in the conference without any direct contractual involvement. Farhana Ismail indicated that she could assist in finding sponsors. She further made suggestions concerning strengthening affirmative action questions in the conference. It was agreed that Executive Committee members should make suggestions in writing to the IFJ.
The President noted that this also affected a decision of where the next Executive Committee would take place. He suggested that it may be possible to link the Executive Committee to the proposed authors' rights conference if the sports conference would not take place in October.
( Last minute: After a meeting on May 19 in Amsterdam with the Sports Conference' organisers, the IFJ can confirm that the Sports Conference will be postponed to February 22-26, 2000. Therefore the Autumn IFJ Executive Committee meeting will not take place in Cape Town but in Brussels).
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7. Administrative Committee Report
7.1 Legal status of the IFJ
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The General Secretary reported that he had received a reply from the Belgian Ministry of Justice on the IFJ request to be registered as an AISBL. The authorities were requesting changes in the IFJ's constitution in order for the IFJ to be registered. Most of these changes were of a formalistic nature.
However, concerning articles 2. and 3. of the Constitution, the Ministry said the defence and representation of members' interests cannot be an AISBL's primary aim. The pedagogical and philanthropic aims of the IFJ should be strengthened.
The General Secretary said that advice from other organisations suggested that the Ministry's objections could be overcome without a change in the aims of the IFJ. The important issue was to highlight the IFJ's philanthropic( defence of human and trade union rights) and pedagogical( education, research and training) work.
The Executive Committee received a recommendation of the Administrative Committee:
To make such administrative changes in the policy documents, constitution and rules which are necessary to register the IFJ as an AISBL providing these
are considered acceptable by the Administrative Committee and to ask the Administrative Committee to conclude the discussions leading to the creation of AISBL as soon as possible. The changes will be confirmed at the next Congress.
Soren Wormslev wanted to make it clear that if the Ministry of Justice insists on the removal or change of defence of members' interests the registration matter would be discussed again at the Executive Committee. He further asked if formalistic and minor changes were agreed by the Executive Committee could we proceed to establish the AISBL prior to a decision by Congress.
The General Secretary said that it would be impossible to accept any major amendments to the IFJ statutes. If this became an issue the matter would be returned to the Executive Committee. He said the registration could proceed as soon as the governing body of the IFJ- the Executive Committee- had agreed the changes with the Ministry of Justice.
Mario Guastoni asked who has the legal responsibility to date and who would be responsible in future. The General Secretary explained that currently the legal responsibility rested with the General Secretary alone. As an AISBL responsibility would rest with members of the Administrative and Executive Committee.
The Executive Committee agreed the recommendation of the Administrative Committee with the proviso proposed by Soren Wormslev.
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7.2 Membership Matters:
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7.2.1 Ukraine: UJU request for up- grade no action required;
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7.2.2 Algeria: SNJ application for full membership- admitted as full member;
7.2.3 Uruguay: APU application for full membership- admitted as full member;
7.2.4 Kyrghystan: The Administrative Committee recommended to postpone a decision. The question arouse whether the organisation was viable and whether its admission would contribute to solidarity among journalists in the country given that there was another much larger organisation in the country. Naranjargal reported that while she agreed with the recommendation of the Administrative Committee she wanted the Executive Committee to be aware that the division between governmentowned and privately owned media were considerable with the privately owned media being subject to attacks in the government- owned press.
Many of the journalists' unions in Central Asia were effectively still government institutions and would not be able to provide solidarity for journalists in the country. The independent organisation would maybe better placed to play this role but would probably too small to do this now. The Executive Committee agreed to consider favorably an application but to postpone a decision, pending further investigation.
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7.2.5 Bosnia- Herzegovina: Association of Croat Journalists in BiH: The Administrative Committee had recommended to postpone decision until after a meeting of all BiH organisations( the IFJ has already admitted four) including the Croat association to discuss co- operation of all unions. The aim of these discussions would be to promote the creation of a federation of organisations to harmonise relations with the IFJ. Jagoda Vukusic pointed out that after having admitted the organisations from Republika Srpska in light of the reality in Bosnia- Herzegovina a decision to postpone admission would be interpreted as an anti- Croat and antifederation act and would create even more division.
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If the aim was to bring the unions together the Croat association should be brought into membership. Francisco Sant'Anna opposed this suggestion saying that there were many countries with many journalists' organisations fighting each other and the IFJ should not be seen to support division amongst journalists.
The Executive Committee agreed to admit the Croat association as an associate member on the condition that they join the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the other IFJ organisations. The Executive Committee further asked the General Secretary to organise a meeting of all organisations who have signed the Memorandum of Understanding to discuss co- operation and to promote the creation of a federation.

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In favour: 17 Against: 1 Abstention: 1
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7.2.6 Poland: SDRP application for associate membership: It was agreed to postpone a decision awaiting further information about co- operation with the SDP. The senior vice president had indicated he would follow this matter up.
7.2.7 Uganda: NIJU: The Executive Committee noted the correspondence, no further action required.
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7.2.8 Panama: request for up- grade to full membership. Katia Gil reported that the matter was discussed in the GAL- FIP. The request for up- grade was supported because of the work the union had undertaken in Panama. The Executive Committee agreed the Panama union be up- graded to full membership.
7.2.9 Bulgaria: The Administrative Committee noted that the Union
of Journalists of Bulgaria( an off- shoot from the existing member Podkrepa) had not renewed its application for IFJ membership.
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7.3 IFJ Membership application form
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The Executive Committee approved the new format for the application form.
7.4 Finance Report and Budget 1999
The Honorary Treasurer presented the audited accounts and the financial investment plan. He reported that Francisco St'Anna had abstained from the decision on investment policy in the Administrative Committee explaining that due to the recent experience in Brazil he did not feel confident to participate in decisions on mutual funds which involved investment in equities.
Currently, the IFJ had slightly more than 20 million BEF available for investment in addition to the 10 million BEF already invested.
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It was proposed to invest these in what is called a mutual investment fund which are represented 50- 50% by long- term bonds with lower interest rate and shorter term equity medium- risk invest with higher rates. The fund is not involved in derivatives and there is a possibility to define parameters for ethical investment strategies. Another proposal had been to invest the funds in the purchase of a building.
The Executive Committee agreed to invest the funds into a mutual investment fund. It was further agreed that the Honorary Treasurer would draft the investment guidelines for adoption by the Administrative Committee. Within these guidelines the funds would be invested by the General Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer.

8
7.4 b) Accounts and Budget 1999
The General Secretary proposed that given the transfer of 5,000,000 BEF from the oval nl General fund to the General Reserve for investment, the Administrative Committee should reconsider the policy of allocating 10% of fees paid to the General Reserve. He recommended to lower this to 5% and to use the remaining 5% to finance practical activities without having to rely on outside funding. The Honorary Treasurer supported by this proposal and pointed out that it was essential that the IFJ be seen to undertake practical work.
The Executive Committee agreed for the 1999 budget:
To allocate 5% of fees paid to the General Reserve;
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To allocate 5% of fees paid to a new working programme expenditure line.
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It was agreed that in the accounts the working programme would no longer be represented as an allocation from results, but would be an itemised point of general expenditure. The working programme would finance special missions and organise IFJ activities as decided by the Executive Committee.
7.4 a) Arrangements with Unions
a) Freezing of Fees by IG- Medien: The Administrative Committee had agreed to ask the Honorary Treasurer to write to IG- Medien stating that it is improper for a union to freeze its membership fees for political reasons. The Administrative Committee had further stated that it was always open to listen to financial problems and to make arrangements. But political complaints could not be made by withholding fees.
Soren Wormslev recommended the Administrative Committee for the decision concerning IG- Medien and urged the Executive Committee to endorse this decision. He stated that political complaints and disagreement could never be expressed by withholding fees. The Executive Committee agreed to endorse the decision of the Administrative Committee.
b) NVJ payments to the EFJ: The General Secretary reported that the EFJ steering committee had endorsed a proposal to try spread the burden of the NVJ financial difficulties by asking the IFJ to take a share of the loss of fees, so that the NVJ could continue to participate in EFJ work. He made such a proposal. However, Hans Verploeg on behalf of the NVJ said that a proposal for an arrangement was ons not acceptable. The NVJ had made a difficult choice when faced with having to make cuts. They wished to continue as a full- paying member of the IFJ. The NVJ had decided to make the necessary cuts by leaving the EFJ because it felt that the EFJ leadership had taken an over bureaucratic approach to work and did not provide activities. The Executive Committee noted the decision of the NVJ.
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9
c) IUJ Bosnia- Herzegovina: The Executive Committee noted the arrears. This matter would be discussed during the up- coming visit of the General Secretary to BiH.
d) Bulgaria: BUJ requests exoneration of 25% for 1999: This was agreed.
e) Argentina: FATPREN request to pay in 7 installments: This was agreed.
f) India/ NUJ: The Administrative Committee agreed to recommend a scaled increase in membership fee starting with US$ 700 for 1999. This was agreed.
g) Korea/ KFPU: request of 50% exoneration for 1999: This was agreed.
New Zealand: The Administrative Committee noted the reduction of members. The committee further noted the difficult situation of the union and the fight against multinational companies such as O'Reilly. In view of these difficulties and the work of the IFJ in the O'Reilly network the Administrative Committee agreed to give the union a 50% rebate on their affiliation fees for 1998 and 1999. It also agreed for the union and the Administrative Committee to work a joint programme of activity in confronting multinational companies in particular O'Reilly. The Administrative Committee further reiterated their support to Tony Wilton and ask them to continue to play a full role in the Executive Committee. This was agreed.
i) Australia/ MEAA: The president on behalf of MEAA agreed that the work of the Asia/ Pacific Office needed to be more visible within the IFJ. He reported that standards reporting methods had been agreed. The proposal set out in their letter was agreed by the Executive Committee.
j) Malaysia: request to pay in installments: This was agreed.
k) Peru/ ANP: the Executive Committee noted the reduction of members to 655 for 1999. Roberto Meija clarified that this reduction of number of members did not mean that members had left the union, it only meant that many of the ANP members had lost their jobs and were not in a position to pay their fees to ANP.
1) NUJ request to extend arrangement by another year: This was agreed.
m) Thailand: request for exoneration because of the Asian financial crisis to pay only US$ 200: This was agreed.
2.0
Soren Wormslev requested that the Honorary Treasurer and the General Secretary prepare a list of IFJ members which paid full fees and had not made arrangements with the IFJ. This was agreed.

10
Unions threatened with expulsion:
a) IUPJ Bosnia: no action until travel of General Secretary to BiH- This was
endorsed.
b) Hungary HPU: paid in the meantime, no action- this was noted.
c) Kosovo: suspend membership obligation;-- this was agreed.
d) Lithuania: paid in the meantime,-- this was noted.
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e) Macedonia: no action needed, they transferred to the EFJ by mistake, these funds will be transferred to the IFJ;
f) Poland SDP: paid part in the meantime, no action required-- This was noted. g) Turkey CGD: General Secretary to get in touch with them again in response to their complaint on the Congress decision on Turkey and take up the question of the fees with them This was endorsed.
--
h) Palestine: It was agreed to take the GUPWJ from the IFJ list as they are represented by the AJA at international level- This was endorsed.
i) Cambodia: no contact with either organisation- the decision was postponed. j) Pakistan: The former IFJ member does not exist any more- This was noted. k) Ecuador: Katia Gil reported that she had not received any information from Ecuador union. The Executive Committee agreed to expel the union. In favour: 13 Against: 0 Abstentions: 3
1) Zambia: The Executive Committee agreed to postpone the implementation of the expulsion until July 31 in order to enable Kabral Blay- Amihere to investigate why the Zambia Union of Journalists did not reply to the correspondence from the IFJ. The Executive Committee agreed to expel the Zambia Union of Journalists. In favour: 18 Against: 0 Abstentions: 1
7.5 Press card, IFJ logo as a trademark
Journalists' Union of Russia: The Executive Committee agreed to request from the JUR up- dated detailed information on the sale of the IFJ/ JUR press card and to pay for the cards sold.
7.6 IFJ Safety Fund
The General Secretary reported on developments on the IFJ Safety Fund. Farhana Ismail reported on the assistance the IFJ Safety Fund and MWASA had provided for two Cameroon journalists who had fled to South Africa. She pointed out that MWASA could not longer support these journalists and that she recognised that also the Safety Fund could not support journalists indefinitely.
8. Working Parties
a) Women: the General Secretary apologised for not having advanced as quickly as he had hoped with the establishment of the working party. But the secretariat had organised for IFJ representation at the ICFTU women's conference. The IFJ had
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11
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further approached UNESCO to make World Press Freedom Day 2001 the day of women journalists and their contribution to press freedom. This was endorsed by the Executive Committee.
b) Authors' rights: The General Secretary reported on work of the Authors' Rights working party in particular the Authors' rights expert group in Europe. He apologised for omission of new developments in authors' rights in the Netherlands and in Great Britain which had not been included in the first edition of the IFJ Convergence Handbook. These had been included in the second edition. He outlined the proposal of NWU and NVJ for an authors' rights conference to take place in Amsterdam or The Hague. Jonathan Tasini of the NWU explained the objectives of the conference in establishing common action in defence of authors' rights.
The Executive Committee agreed to support the initiative of the NVJ and the NWU to hold a summit on authors rights and that 10,000 US$ would be allocated from the working programme as initial funding for the proposal. Further financial support would be sought from IFJ Unions.
The Executive Committee further agreed to hold a meeting of the Executive Committee at the same time. It was further agreed to invite the AREG and the Executive Committee to play a role in the preparation and organisation of the conference. The Executive Committee recommended that the conference focus on the bargaining for the rights of journalists and the relations of IFJ with employers.
a) Freelances: The Executive Committee endorsed the report.
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b) Broadcasting: The Executive Committee endorsed the report of the meeting of the Broadcast Expert Group and adopted the recommendation.( Appendix 4).
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c) Globalisation: In addition to the conclusions of the meeting on globalisation ( Appendix 5) the General Secretary proposed that the Executive Committee charge Jim Boumelha to represent the IFJ in the ICFTU work on globalisation. This was agreed. It was further agreed that Farhana Ismail would assist Jim Boumelha in O providing information on trends on globalisation in her region.
9. Report of current activities
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9.1 Projects 1999- had been dealt with under Point 6.1 the TNG and its
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9.2 Relations with international organisations
The General Secretary reported on IFJ representation at the World Press Freedom Day in Bogota organised with UNESCO and regarding the relations with ILO on the production of a global survey on the rights and conditions of work of freelance

12
journalists. An ILO symposium on media issues was to be held on February 28 to
March 3 2000.
9.3 Relations with other media unions( MEI)
The General Secretary presented reports on actions in the last months and circulated all correspondence. He referred to two key documents for discussion: the draft proposal for an agreement between IFJ and MEI presented by MEI to a joint meeting in Amsterdam on April 9 and a proposal on principles of co- operation between the IFJ b and MEI prepared by the IFJ from that meeting.
He further referred to the correspondence between the IFJ and MEI, which had been circulated in full.
The EFJ Steering Committee had already considered the question of EFJ participation in European Social Dialogue from which Euro- MEI had excluded the EFJ. The EFJ Steering Committee had agreed to organise a meeting with Euro- MEI on social dialogue at the invitation of IG- Medien to resolve the question of social dialogue m organisation. This was an initiative separate of the discussion about IFJ/ MEI relations and the principles of co- operation or draft agreement.
The Executive Committee voted to formally adopt the principles of co- operation between the IFJ and MEI as presented by the General Secretary. The formal vote was proposed by Gustl Glattfelder.
In favour: 20 Against: 0 Abstentions: 0
The Executive Committee asked the General Secretary to inform MEI of the formal adoption of the principles of co- operation.
9.4 Relations with international media organisations: IOJ, IFEX
IOJ: The meeting discussed whether IFJ unions who are also members of the IOJ should seek legal advice on how to investigate misuse of assets by the IOJ.
It was agreed that the General Secretary would meet with Mr. Angelov, the IOJ Treasurer and to have further discussion with FELAP, the regional organization in Latin America.
IFEX: The Executive Committee noted the report.
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Europe: The Executive Committee endorsed the written report and noted the verbal report of Gustl Glattfelder on the latest European High Court decision on press freedom and the rights of journalists.

13
Africa: The Executive Committee endorsed the report. The Executive Committee agreed the recommendations concerning the campaign to free Lanre Arogundade. The Executive Committee endorsed the report on Algeria. Younouss M'Jahed reminded the Executive Committee that they had agreed to organise a conference in Morocco and work on this event should be advanced. He further pointed out that the IFJ still did not have the Egyptian press syndicate which was a very important union in the region. The IFJ should allocate more resources to work on Africa.
Asia: The Executive Committee adopted the proposal to set up an East Timor Media Safety Office and agreed to authorise the allocation of money from the Safety Fund for the purpose of humanitarian aid, legal assistance and other aid to journalists.
Middle East: no further comments
Latin America: The Latin American Regional Officer thanked the Honorary Treasurer for putting the office in touch with Dutch donors. She thanked the FNSI for their support for the office. She explained a letter she had received from the journalists association in Cuba requesting IFJ support while changes are going on in the country. The GAL- FIP had been invited to attend two seminars in Cuba. She further said that GAL- FIP needed to highlight concerns of Latin American journalists at IAPA events. These comments were supported by Roberto Mejia Alarcon. Oswaldo Urriolabeitia asked the Executive Committee to make a statement about the murder of a journalists in Argentina two days earlier. This was agreed. The Executive Committee endorsed the report and congratulated the GAL- FIP, the office in Peru and the LARO on the work they had done.
North America: no further comment
IFJ Missions( Nigeria, Russia)- nothing further to report.
11. Next Meeting
The Executive Committee confirmed the dates for the next meeting-- Brussels, 23-24 October 1999.
12. Other Business
There was no other business and the President closed the meeting offering thanks to the TNG and its staff for the organisation of the meeting and the globalisation forum. This was warmly endorsed by the Executive Committee.

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APPENDIX 1
IFJ Executive Committee Meeting
Boston, May 15th- 16th, 1999 de eration of Journalists
ent on Kosovo Crisis
Resolution on Montenegro
15-16 May
The Executive Committee meeting in Boston, May 15, 1999
• Deeply concerned with the mounting pressure on journalists in Montenegro as a result of the crisis,
• Condemning the threats against the lives of the director and of the editorin- chief of the independent paper Monitor who had to flee the country;
• Concerned with the use of legislation by the military forces to silence the press:
Expresses its solidarity with our colleagues in Montenegro;
Agrees to publicise attacks against journalists in Montenegro;
have been forced
conflict
Calls on the military forces in Montenegro to stop prosecution of journalists and to allow journalists to carry out their work according to professional standards.
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APPENDIX 2
International Federation of Journalists
Statement on Kosovo Crisis
EJ PROJEC
The IFJ Executive Committee, meeting in Boston on 15-16 May 1999:
Reaffirming its support for democratic pluralism and fundamental human rights,
Totally rejects the policies of ethnic cleansing against the people of Kosovo pursued by the Government of Serbia which has given rise to the current military campaign against targets in Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo by NATO forces;
Condemns the widespread abuse of human rights by the Yugoslav authorities, the murder of media personnel, the closure of independent media outlets and the intimidation of journalists.
IX 3
Deplores the decision by NATO to attack media targets and to renege on an undertaking, in writing to the IFJ, made on April 12th 1999 that it would avoid civilian targets, including journalists;
Declares its sympathy with the innocent people who have lost their lives in the conflict and solidarity with all displaced persons, particularly journalists and media staff who have been forced to leave their homes and places of work;
Expresses its strong support for the democratic forces in the region and the independent and professional movement of journalists represented by the IFJ affiliated organisations in Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo;
Calls on all governments and authorities to alleviate the social consequences of the current conflict and to desist from all acts of intimidation against journalists and media and to end all acts of censorship and manipulation of media; and
further calls on all journalists to support journalists caught in the Kosovo crisis through
Num
.
• protests when journalists' rights are violated,
●
interventions with national governments to support the campaign for press freedom in the region
renewed contributions to the IFJ Safety Fund in support of humanitarian assistance to journalists in need.
Boston, May 16th 1999

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IFJ PROJECTS:
Strategies for 2000 and beyond Brussels, April 27th, 1999
LIST OF GRAPHICS WITH NOTES
1. IFJ membership development from 1980- 1998
2. IFJ: Number of countries represented from 1980- 1998
3. IFJ project development from 1989- 1998
Number of projects:
1989/90
1991/92
1993/94
1995/96
102
1997/98
128
23522
67
APPENDIX 3
admam II.a
4. IFJ programmes: per cent of overall project work per region from 1995-1998
5. IFJ declared membership: per cent of overall membership in 1999
Number of members per region:
Europe
193298
Africa:
24500
Americas:
49034
Asia- Pacific:
39023
Total
305855
sibom od bre
A

EXIGMA
6. IFJ member organisations: per cent of all affiliates in 1999
Number of member organisations:
58
Europe
Africa
Americas
Asia- Pacific
30 ad bmx 000$ not sigsten
22
24
Total
134
7. Number of countries represented in the IFJ per region- 1999
Europe:
Africa:
Americas:
Asia- Pacific
Total
38
27
18
17
100
uamqols
T2LI
qidazedmsm LII
8. Donors supporting IFJ projects 1995- 1998: per cent of total project
work
9. IFJ Project themes 1993- 1998: Issues covered by project work in per cent of total project work
To 15
mu
Issues covered in number of projects:
seveer
Trade union organisation and co- operation
54
Human rights
45
belzeer
Ethics
41
Bereer
Collective bargaining/ representation( works councils) 39
Reporting Diversity/ anti- racism/ ethnic conflict
37
Media law
34
geer- zeer
Election coverage training and monitoring
31
Access to information
Broadcasting- public service values
New technologies/ globalisation
Authors' rights
Women in journalism
Trade union recruitment
Editorial Independence Freelances
Media concentration
Child rights and the media
30
27
26
25
0 21
20
19
19
4
2222222221
belab II 2
to odmuИ
9q0103

10. IFJ Project Activity by sub- region 1995- 1999
along yd be500 2012.
IP
Number of projects: MEMBERSHI
Central/ Latin America Central/ Eastern Europe European Union
Sub- Saharan Africa
East Asia
South Asia
100
IFJ
5555
47
39
egro noinu aberT ienvid gainoqs.A aldg
21 noiquo be
11
nos zhow) noin 10 gminieged ovirostle
Magreb
Central Asia
Middle East
Pacific
North America
4
420
wal sibol
A
11.IFJ programmes: per cent of overall project work by region in 1999
12.IFJ projects in 1999 by sub- region
13. Project requests received in 1998/99 by sub- region
SM
mailemuoj ni namoW sonsbasqǝbai lainosib. sdi bas aidgin blind
50
8888889
1980
1985 1990 1995
1998

14. Issues covered by project requests 1999 in per cent of total project.01
requests
Issues covered in number of project requests:
Trade union organisation and co- operation Reporting Diversity/ anti- racism/ ethnic conflict Human rights
Media and Corruption
Ethics
3822255552
пвздошн 678de2- du2 BizA tes
62
casion to muй
200130
30
20
19
sieA rituo2
Collective bargaining/ representation( works councils)
15
dorgsM
Media law
15
BizA laun
Broadcasting
15
Jana slbbiM
Authors' rights
15
Access to info
12
dnoM
12
11
New technologies/ globalisation
Freelances
Election coverage training and monitoring
Recruitment
Media and privacy
Women in journalism
Child rights and the media
Editorial independence
Media concentration
10
10
9
molgan- due ed eger ni 8sjonq LIST
8
8
O ∞ ∞ 3
egeer al bevis 315.Et
works councils)
Broad
New
Aud
Tra
Chi
the media
conflict
monitoring

IFJ MEMBERSHIP
( x 1000)
EFIP
IFJ
IJF
190 И
International Federation of Journalists
450
Os 19
95
400
OST
8
001
350
08
300
250
200
26/16
08
150
OA
100
OS
50
0+
0
1980
1985
1990 1995 1998 288
1998
288 0881
20

120
IFJ:
ent of total project
12
Number of Countries
IP
IFJ
International Federation of Journalists
12
100
80
Noa
00
60
40
oa
20
00
03
888888888
00
0.
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 1998
28er
08er

140
120
IFJ decIFJ Projects 1989- 1998: region
100
80
60
40
20
0
89/90 91/92
91/92 93/94 95/96 97/98
V
VRS
C92
Enrobe
☐ Series1
1☐ Asia- Pacific:

0
SO
1980 1985 1990
IFJ Programmes per region 1995- 1998
17%
eo
80
100
150
24%
40%
Europe Africa
☐ Americas
☐ Asia- Pacific
19%
E biolecta jaga- jag
ries

IFJ declared members 1999 per region
per region
5500
Jea
13%
16%
□ Europe Africa: be
☐ Americas:
63%
☐ Asia- Pacific:
188%
27
bel Leajou

1999: IFJ member organisations
per region
8.19
18%
ledo
16%
22% 19%
44%
Europe ☐ Africa
☐ Americas
☐ Asia- Pacific
E qecisie wwe jaa bel Lediou

18
1999: Countries represented
4%
17
4% 4% per region
9%
18
5%
27
6%
7%
%
O
V
38 Europe
DEB Africa
ED ☐ Americas
LICO
6Douore Jaap- 1239
Asia- Pacific

1999: Donors 1995- 1998ations
per region
51
18
16%
6%
4%
36%
☐ Council of Europe
EU
18%
11%
9%
22%
bel Lediou
62
Vecse
☐ FES VENGS
38 Norad
☐
Sida/ LO/ TCO as
☐ Unescosia- P
Other
jaaa: Conurlige Lebeure
cific

Bonn
*
Bibliothek
IFJ Project themes 1993-1998
region 1999,
43%
4% 1%
4%
11%
4%
4%
9%
4%
5%
5%
5%
6%
8%
8%
7% OU
WE92
TU org./coop.
Human rights
☐ Ethics
11-16% lec7% 1902 1000
bargain/ representation
Diversity/ anti- racism Media law
Elections
Access to info
Broadcasting
New techn./global Authors' rights
Women in journalism
Recruitment
nce
Ed. independence
Freelances
Media concentration
Child rights/ media

Central/ Latin America
Central/ Eastern Europe
EU
2
Sub- Sahara Africa
이이
East Asia
IFJ Project Activity 1995-1999
edo
by sub- region
South Asia
031008
Magreb
Central Asia
Middle East
Pacific
North America

Mou
IFJ programmes per region 19999
30
25
13%
20
24%
190
20%
200
43%
☐ Europe:
Africa: 62 Americas:
☐ Asia- Pacific:
1- Lolecta 1989 på en toujou

Central/ Latin
Central Cast
0
5
Central/ Eastern
Europe Central/ Latin America
Sub- Sahara Africa
EU
Sub- Sahara Afle
East Asia
10
South Asia
Magreb
Middle East
15
Central Asia
eeet noines
Pacific
North America
222
Middle East
North America
A
IFJ Projects 1999 by sub- region
AD
☐ Series 1
on

IN
Proje
Ac
30
25
Project Requests by sub- region 1999
Amount
Amount
20
15
10
5
0
EU
Europe
Central/ Latin
America
Sub- Sahara Africa
Central/ Eastern
☐ Series 1
1999
aa
ee etag up
Pacific
South Asia
ISTS

wy y a un a
Emobe
J Proj
Issues covered- p region by project requests 1999
3% 1%
3%
11%
3%
3%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
5%
7%
5%
5%
5%
30
biolect Ked
11%
7%
9%
29
OTU org./coop. Diversity/ anti- racism Human rights
Media and Corruption
Ethics
bargainfrepresentation
Media law Broadcasting Authors' rights
Access to info
New techn./global
Freelances
Elections
Recruitment
media and privacy Women in journalism Ed. independence Child rights/ media
□ Media concentration

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS
Project Activities, 1999
EUROPE:
Durati
1.
Region: Themes:
Latvia
Activities:
Duration:
human rights, journalists rights
seminar
2 days, October 99
Donor:
Council of Europe
Amount:
6100 Euro
2.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
Lithuanian
human rights, journalists rights
seminar
Duration:
2 days
Donor:
Council of Europe
Amount:
9150 Euro
3.
Region:
Belarus
Themes:
Activities:
Duration:
Cooperation between journalists in defending rights.
seminar
2 days, 4/5 June
Donor:
Council of Europe
Amount:
6100 Euro
1990
4.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
The Caucuses, located in Georgia
Editorial Independence in Regions of Conflict
conference
Duration:
3 days, end of June
Donor:
Council of Europe
Amount:
15250 Euro
5.
Region:
Themes:
по
jquomA
Activities:
South- eastern Europe
editorial independence, self regulation, diversity within media, trade union development, public service broadcasting Publication of newsletter; Creation of contact list and web- site; news exchange programme, studies, publications, meetings on self- regulation, diversity in media, reporting conflict, public service broadcasting, trade union development strategies. Dec 98 Nov 99
Duration: Donor: Amount:
307 317 Euro
European Commission, Soros
EO
IFJ Projects 1999
I
IFJ Project Division, 1 rue Gillon, 1210 Brussels, Tel:( 32)-2-223 22 65, fax:-223 03 43, e- mail: ifj.projects@pophost.cunct.be
01

Duration: Donor:
Amount:
7.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
Duration:
Donor:
Amount
141 332 Euro
8.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
Duration:
6. Region: Themes: Activities:
Bosnia- Herzegovina
Trade- Union Development
Tra
union organisation and recruitment
1999- 2000
LO/ TCO
JAMOITAVIS
ТАЙЯАТИХ
8350 Euro 1 29iivit jor
Russia
trade union organisation, recruitment and training support three union branches, seminars, publications 1999 12 months
European Commission
Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro Trade- Union Development
handbooks, training materials, seminars, workshops
December 97- June 99
Donor:
European Commission
Amount
181 300 Euro
9.
Region:
Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia, FRY
ow to bu
Themes:
Legal Assistance Project
оша
Activities:
legal advice and campaigning
Duration:
December 97- June 99
Donor:
European Commission
Amount:
180 335 Euro
10.
Region:
European Union
Theme:
Transparency and access to information
0013
IngomA
Activities:
conference
Duration:
1 day, April 1999
norga
Donor:
European Parliament
Amount:
aut
11.
Region:
European Union
Theme:
Freelance journalists
JuontA
Activities:
study
Duration:
1999
Donor:
mit European Commission
norge
Amount:
21 000 Euro
esuivido A
12.
Region:
European Union
Theme:
New technologies
Activities:
studies, CD- Rom, seminars, web- discussion list
Duration:
June 1998-1999
Donor:
European Commission
Amount:
80 000 Euro
noi
PROC
JomA
IFJ Projects 1999
IFJ Project Division, 1 rue Gillon, 1210 Brussels,
abundoTel:( 32)-2-223 22 65, fax:-223 03 43, e- mail: ifj.projects@pophost.eunet.be

AMERICAS AFRICA
dataM
morga
Amount:
2.
Region:
Themes:
1.
Region:
Nigeria
Themes:
Activities:
Duration: Donor:
Media for Democracy in Nigeria
establishment of a press centre; production of training materials and handbooks, training seminars, production of a bi- monthly report on conditions for journalists and media developments. January 1999 July 2000
European Commission
630 000 Euro
Botswana
Trade- Union Development
Activities:
union organisation and recruitment
Duration:
1999- 2001
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
10500 Euro
3.
Region:
Ghana
Themes:
Trade- Union Development
3028
Activities:
union organisation
Duration:
1999
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
3100 Euro
4.
Region:
Tanzania
Themes:
Activities:
Trade- Union Development
union organisation, recruitment, bargaining
Duration:
1999-2000
norgs
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
11000 Euro
5.
Region: Themes:
West Africa
234
Access to the internet and quality journalism
Activities:
sub- regional conference
Duration:
March 1999
S12A
Donor:
FES
Amount:
17 000 Euro
6.
Region:
Southern Africa
Themes:
Activities:
Freelance journalists
sub- regional conference
Duration:
3 days, July 1999
Donor:
FES
Amount:
18 000 Euro
aban 04 no
od ons teorig
IFJ Projects 1999
IFJ Project Division, 1 rue Gillon, 1210 Brussels,
Tel:( 32)-2-223 22 65, fax:-223 03 43, e- mail: ifj.projects@pophost.eunct.be
T
A12A

7.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
Magreb
union co- operation, press freedom
support to IFJ Algeria Centre
1999
IFJ unions and Dutch government
Duration:
Donor:
Amount:
25 000 Euro
uboiq
ADLATA
ASIA
1.
Region: Themes:
India
toile ZonoC
Trade- Union Development
100 08
Activities:
union co- operation
Duration:
1999
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
3900 Euro
251
rook shower
2.
Region:
Palestine
Themes:
Trade- Union Development
3 00201
полост JnuomA
Activities:
union organisation
Duration:
1999
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
6250 Euro
levsa noint
HT
noszinugo soinu
3.
Region:
Indonesia
Themes:
Trade- Union Development
оша 001г
muomA
Activities:
union organisations and recruitment
Duration:
1999- 2001
noigaЯ
Donor:
LO/ TCO
Amount:
8350 Euro
foin
4.
Region:
South Asia
Themes:
Globalisation
0000- eeer OOTOJ 3 00011
полост nuomA
Activities:
sub- regional conference
Duration:
April 1999
sohtA ROW
Donor:
FES
dilsup bas temini er o
Amount:
18 000 Euro
consin farget- dua
5.
Region:
Themes:
Activities:
Duration: Donor: Amount:
South- East Asia
Freelance journalists sub- regional conference 3 days, September 1999 FES
237 000 VI
попо nuomA
sorA moduo2
17 000 Euro
80.000
239
InuomA
IFJ Projects 1999
IFJ Project Division, 1 rue Gillon, 1210 Brussels,
Tel:( 32)-2-223 22 65, fax:-223 03 43, e- mail: ifj.projects@pophost.eunet.be
of anus odoogongium- EF ED ESS

DivisionProgramine
Media Sol
AMERICAS
Sport
1.
Region:
Latin America
Themes:
Activities:
Duration:
Objectives Donor:
Amount:
rent cns
2.
Region:
Theme:
Activities:
Duration:
1999
Donor:
Freelance journalists sub- regional conference
3 days, October 1999 FES
16 000 Euro
Argentina and Panama
Election coverage
seminars, monitoring, publications
European Commission
Amount:
+/- 80 000 Euro
3.
Region:
Theme:
Activities:
Duration:
Donor:
Central and Latin America
trade union development
seminars, studies, workshops, publications
1999-2000
LO/ TCO
Amount:
110 000 Euro
4.
Region:
Central and Latin Amercia
Theme:
Activities:
Duration:
1999
Donor:
Media law
seminars, studies, analysis of media legislation
UNESCO
Amount:
2500 Euro
5.
Region:
Theme:
Activities:
Central and Latin America
Trade union development, human and professional rights support to Latin America Office
Duration:
1999
Donor:
FNSI
Amount:
21 000 Euro
Seco
Mac
of
dis
Thirdly, the progr independent media which
Federal
IFJ Projects 1999
IFJ Project Division, I rue Gillon, 1210 Brussels, Tel:( 32)-2-223 22 65, fax:-223 03 43, c- mail: ifj.projects@pophost.cunct.be

ASIA
Themes:
Amount
Region Themes:
Mage
freedom
ГАЗІЯЗМА 2A
MA
сло я.
mod 250ivito A
21
подост
000 31
сподаЯ
eben nimse 0005-0001
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ador
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17.000 Euro.
попо
000 IS
IF Projects 1999
1 Project
0113 22:55.
ESS

IFJ Project Division- Media Solidarity Programme
15/2701
The Media Solidarity Programme
A Reporting Diversity Network Project
in Support of Independent Journalism
bilo? sibsMnoizivia Jojo
The project will reach journalists and media organisations from Albania, Macedonia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia( Montenegro, Kosovo, Serbia)
Objectives:
In the current crisis, the proposed programme is designed to accomplish five critical tasks:
➤ Providing emergency assistance to Kosovar journalists in exile, and helping them begin work again as professional journalists;
➤ Providing critical information to the refugee communities throughout the region to better understand and ease their situation, inform them of assistance programmes, and provide some semblance of a more comfortable existence within their host societies;
➤ Working with local and national media in countries surrounding Serbia to help their communities better support the plight of the refugees in their midst, and minimize the risks of rising ethnic and other conflicts within each country; and
➤ Working with media across borders to minimize the chances for wider cross- border conflicts and instability;
➤ Working with local and national independent media within Serbia to provide journalists with a possibility to publish independent information on a web- site outside Serbia under their own editorial control.
Project Justification
The war in Yugoslavia adds tremendous urgency to efforts to work with journalists and media organizations around the Balkans on a multi- level crisis reporting program.
First, the plight of the Kosovar refugees themselves, including Kosovar journalists now in exile, remains dire. Media initiatives designed to support the information needs of the refugees can play an important role in easing their desperate situation. At the same time, special reporting programs are necessary to enable the Kosovar journalists to get back to work serving their communities.
Second, the war threatens to destabilize one or more neighboring countries, including Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, and potentially Bosnia- Herzegovina and/ or Croatia. In all of these countries, media are already playing a critical role in presenting and framing public discussion on such crucial issues as the potential impact of Kosovar refugees on their societies, the legitimacy of NATO's attack on Serbia, and cross- border relations( e.g., Albania- Macedonia). Five weeks into the war, serious internal and cross- border tensions are
evident.
Thirdly, the programme is based on the experience of the IFJ/ WAN co- ordinating centre for independent media which from 1993- 1999 provided a focus for solidarity and co- operation
52
1

IFJ Project Division- Media Solidarity Programme
between journalists and media organisations from all countries and territories of former Yugoslavia ranging from the distribution of food parcels to journalists and their families under seige during the war in Bosnia- Herzegovina, to the co- ordination of direct support to media and journalists.
Fourthly, the programme works with existing structures in the region in order to avoid duplication of efforts. Another important consideration is that any initiative should not jeopardise existing media in the countries concerned.
Planned Activities
The programme consists of the following parts:
M
oqqua
bildu
: 25vit55
ziano insti
➤ Creation of media solidarity centres in existing media centres in Albania, Macedonia and Serbia;
➤ Emergency assistance for Kosovar journalists in Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro;
➤ Professional internships for Kosovar journalists at local media outlets in each country to help the news organizations expand informed coverage of the refugees;
➤ Crisis reporting and cross- border initiatives with journalists in Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro;
➤ Special feature reporting projects undertaken by teams of reporters including local and Kosovar journalists, emphasizing in- depth reports on the impact of the refugees on national politics, inter- ethnic relations, and the economy.
Expected results
Firstly, the project will provide direct emergency assistance to refugee Kosovar journalists and to independent Serbian journalists currently out of work by providing them with the possibility to continue to practice their profession in support of media freedom and professional journalism.
The project will not create competing media organisations or single out individual media organisations but will provide a structure to allow for a plurality of journalists to contribute to existing media.
It will assist in preserving journalistic skills in the refugee community. It will provide the refugee communities with critical information. It will promote co- operation between the refugee journalists and the local journalists community. And it will promote better understanding between the different ethnic communities in the countries concerned.
At the end of the first phase:
➤ It is expected to have the media solidarity centres fully operational providing a local and pluralistic structure for placing journalists, commissioning articles and channeling assistance.
TOW
вих
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EQQI moil doinw sibem treba 2 obai

IFJ Project Division- Media Solidarity Programme
APP
DIX 4
➤ It is expected to have placed Kosovar journalists in several media in Albania.
A
2 It is expected to have produced six inserts produced by Kosovar journalists in Macedonia.
old
➤ It is expected to have placed journalists in selected media in Montenegro. eport
> It is expected to have set up joint reporting teams in each country;
It is expected to have set up a structure for the news exchange programme to be launched in the second phase;
➤ It is expected to have identified media to participate in the cross- border reporting programme to be launched in the second phase.
Funding Requirements:
Total for one year: 270,000 Euro
Funding pledged from the European Commission: 100,000 Euro
lism
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51
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IFJ Executive Committee
Brussels, May 5, 1999
APPENDIX 4
Report on Meeting of Broadcast Expert Group, Zagreb, April 15th, 1999
Since several members of the Broadcast Expert Group attended the conference in Zagreb on Reforming Broadcasting: Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television it was decided to hold a brief meeting of the expert group in the evening of April 15th
The meeting was attended by Brigitte Fuchs, Austria, Arnold Amber, Canada, Jouko Blomberg, Finland and Anne Sseruwagi, Sweden. Terezia Katona- Endrody, Hungary only arrived late on the 15th and could not participate.
1. Programme of Work- Campaign for Editorial Independence and Quality Journalism
Discussion during the meeting focused on organisation and content of a campaign in defence of editorial independence and quality journalism in public service broadcasting( psb).
The group identified three different types of situations confronting journalists in psb, which required a different focus for a campaign:
1. State broadcaster- campaign for reform to create psb( parts of central and eastern Europe, most of CIS, Africa, parts of Asia);
2. Reform practice- campaign for recognition of independence( parts of central and eastern Europe, parts of Asia, parts of Latin America);
3. Defend quality against the threat of commercialisation-( western Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, parts of Latin America, parts of Asia).
2. Structure and Focus of Work
The
group decided that the core membership- the EFJ Broadcast Expert Group- would focus on the campaigns for reforming practice and defending quality in public service broadcasting throughout Europe.
It was further agreed that there would be one expert group for IFJ and EFJ but that the core membership of the group would focus on work in Europe.
The group agreed to invite member unions from key countries and regions to nominate a representative to serve as a contact point for international work. The group suggested to seek nominations from Japan, Korea, Australia, South Africa and two Latin American countries. This wider group would communicate via electronic mail.
The group felt that it was not possible to run a third campaign for the reform of state broadcasters into public service institutions.

The
group further agreed that in line with the EFJ Campaign Statement work should include all broadcasters that subscribe to public service values regardless of their source of financing.
3. Methods of work
In Europe, the EFJ Broadcast Expert Group should focus on the adoption of minimum standards of editorial independence by the European Broadcasting Union and by its member organisations. In addition, the group should liaise with international members from the developed world to develop the campaign in defence of quality journalism and against the threat of commercialisation.
It was agreed that the EFJ/ IFJ group should establish a discussion list for exchange of information on the following questions:
1. Good practice examples of Governing Bodies for public service broadcasting;
bevin
2. Different funding schemes for public service broadcasting: which types of funding are most likely to ensure quality and independent journalism?
3. Investment policies of psb: away from programming towards new technology?
The group further suggested that a special sub- site should be established on the IFJ web- site where arguments, texts, background information on public service broadcasting could be posted.
The IFJ Executive Committee is requested to endorse the report.
It is recommended to invite the countries listed in the report to nominate contact persons for the electronic discussion list.
It is recommended to establish a Broadcasting sub- site on the IFJ web- site.
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R. 1999
16:56
898.04
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IFJ PROJETS+32 2 2230343
NO.808
P.1
Reforming Broadcasting:
Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television An IFJ Conference for Journalists in South- eastern Europe
Zagreb, Croatia, April 15th- 18th, 1999
FINAL STATEMENT:
A Checklist for Editorial Independence in Broadcasting
Journalists and media professionals from 14 countries meeting in Zagreb on April 15-18th at the IFJ conference for journalists in South- eastern Europe:" Reforming Broadcasting: Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television" adopted the following final statement:
We insist that governments can only protect democracy by ensuring that everyone has the right to freedom of expression and opinion;
We demand that governments create accountable and democratic public service broadcasting systems;
We insist that public service obligations in media are essential to freedom of expression and opinion and to the protection of plurality of views;
We agree that in the coexistence of public and private broadcasting, independence, plurality and variety in programming must be protected, the financial standing of public broadcasting must be secured and a framework must exist to guarantee the professional and ethical role of journalists and programme makers;
We note that the concept of" public service" must be a duty covering the public information services of all broadcasting enterprises, the private as well as the publicly funded;
We believe that professional standards of journalism and public service obligations are also important to the development of private broadcasters and we urge governments to facilitate activities of private broadcasters providing a public service;
We state that independence of public service broadcasters must be guaranteed by appropriate structures such as pluralistic internal boards or other independent bodies;
We recognise the importance of the journalists' union and solidarity within the workforce of broadcast media to create broadcasting structures which, through public administration and diverse and independent sources of funding which do not interfere with the editorial line, can benefit all of the community;
We recognise that the situations of public service broadcasting is different in the various countries of the region.
We welcome the Council of Europe recommendation on the guarantee of the independence of public service broadcasting;
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We support the demand of the Forum 21 in Croatia for the true transformation of HRT into a public radio and television institution, which will satisfy all professional journalistic criteria wo and fulfil through its programmes the task of satisfying political, cultural and entertainment interests of its viewers and listeners by presenting faithfully the pluralism of Croatian society;
WE DECLARE that it is essential to develop, within every country of South- east Europe:
> a legal and financial framework which guarantees public service broadcasting, thus protecting the cultural and social diversity of communities;
➤ regulations which support public service obligations on all media to provide reliable, accurate and quality information services available for public consumption;
> national and international regulatory structures to protect editorial independence in broadcasting. All regulatory structures must be balanced in representation of civil and political society and not dominated by any political faction or related organisations.
galwol
WE CALL ON NATIONAL REGULATORY BODIES AND PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTERS IN THE REGION TO ADOPT THE FOLLOWING MINIMUM STANDARDS SAFEGUARDING EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE AND STANDARDS
OF PROFESSIONALISM:
1. Status of public service broadcasting organisations
Public service broadcasting organisations must be financially independent from government. Financial sources can include license fees, advertising, sponsorship. In order to allow for public service broadcasting to continue to be available in a changing technological environment there must be sufficient financial stability and investment into the development of new services.
2. Role of the Overall Governing Bodies of Public Service Broadcasting
The overall governing bodies/ board of trustees/ advisory councils of public service broadcasting have no role to play in the day- to- day management of the public service broadcasters.
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In order to ensure that the governing bodies reflect civil society and professional standards of journalism there must be an adequate representation of groups of civil society and elected representatives of the editorial staff of the public service broadcasters.
3. Role of management
The top management positions of the public service broadcasters must be open for public tender and must be allocated for a fixed term regardless of any terms of office of the electedW
government.
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The management of the public service broadcasters must protect journalists from interference Tfrom outside interests be they political or economic.
Managers and editors- in- chief of public service broadcasters cannot receive any mandate or take instructions from any person or body whatsoever from outside the public service broadcasting organisation. They must exercise their functions strictly in the interests of the public service broadcasting organisation which they represent and manage.
Basic documents and decisions regarding management, editorial and financial matters should be made available to the editorial staff.
There should be regular meetings between the top managers and the representatives of the editorial staff to discuss matters affecting programming policy and editorial content.
4. Fundamental Rights and Obligations of the Editorial Staff
In order to fulfil their journalistic duties pay levels and working conditions for journalists must be appropriate.
Journalists must have the right to equal pay, equality in career development and equal access to further professional education.
The recruitment, promotion and transfer as well as the rights and obligations of the staff of public service broadcasting organisations must be based on merit and must be free of all forms of discrimination.
The staff of public service broadcasting organisations must be guaranteed without discrimination the right to take part in trade union activities, including strikes and the right to have trade union representation in all staff matters, collective bargaining and grievances procedures.
Editors and journalists working in public service broadcasting must not hold office in a political party.
5. Minimum Standards for Editorial Statutes
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1. The editorial staff represents the moral and intellectual capital of the public service broadcasting station;
2. The appointment and dismissal of the editor- in- chief, or equivalent by management must be confirmed by the editorial staff by majority vote;
3. The editorial staff must be consulted on decisions which affect.
> definition of editorial policy and content of the broadcasting station;
> personnel policies;
> transfer/ change of tasks of the journalists in the editorial department if the journalist concerned does not agree with the decision;
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By the term editor- in- chief we mean the person who is legally responsible for the programma.

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1. The editorial staff has the right to participate with management in the joint development of editorial codes/ guidelines;
2. The editorial staff to be heard on matters of grievances concerning editorial policy,
3. The journalists have the right to refuse an assignment if the assignment breaches the journalists professional ethics as laid down in the union's/ association's code of conduct and/ or the IFJ declaration of principles on the conduct of journalism.
4. The editorial staff have the right to prevent and reject interference of management of third parties on the editorial content;
5. In case of grievances representatives of the editorial staff, the editor in chief and management hold bona fide negotiations. Representatives of the journalists associations and unions should be involved in the negotiations.
6. Existing editorial statutes where they are preferential prevail over the common minimum standards.
The participants call on IFJ member associations and unions:
> To translate these minimum standards into their local language and to distribute them among their members;
> To campaign vigorously for the adoption of the minimum standards by the public service broadcaster in their country.
The participants call on the IFJ Executive Committee
> to adopt this statement and to circulate it to all IFJ member unions;
> to call on the IFJ/ EFJ Broadcasting Expert Group to launch a campaign for the adoption of the minimum standards by regional organisations which represent public service broadcasters;
> to call on the regional organisations of the IFJ, notably the EFJ to support the campaign by calling on the European Broadcasting Union to adopt the minimum standards;
> to circulate the text to relevant international governmental and non- governmental organisations including UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the OSCE asking them to support the minimum standards in their activities on reform of public service broadcasting.
Finally, the participants thank the Croatian Journalists' Association for the hosting of the conference.
Zagreb, April 17, 1999
2
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APPENDIX 5
bos bibal
IFJ and TNG- CWA Forum on Globalisation, Boston, May 14th 1999
the
Globalisation, Media and Strategies for Solidarity
Introduction
The IFJ has grown into the largest single world- wide movement of journalists at the same time as growth and restructuring of the global media marketplace is leading to ferocious attacks on the social and professional rights of our members.
Unions at national level see much of what they have achieved being undermined by financial and industrial decisions made to satisfy the needs of an industry undergoing radical change. Media are increasingly subject to the imperatives of commercial exploitation rather than those of plurality and good journalism.
The process of globalisation in media involves far greater integration of information and communication systems based on commercial objectives and domination of the world's media by a handful of transnational conglomerates. The global film industry, for instance, is in the hands of seven companies, all of which are part of larger media conglomerates. Likewise, the world- wide music business is dominated by five players, four of which are part of larger media transnationals. These five companies earn 70 per cent of their revenues outside the United States.
What is significant about changes in the media structure world- wide is not so much control over exported content as increasing transnational control over media distribution and content within nations. While the newspaper business is still played out on a largely national stage, the face of television has changed beyond all recognition. Satellite and cable technology are opening up national markets to scores of new channels and services. Cable owners in the United States are competing fiercely for market share in Europe, Asia and Latin America while media companies are among the major players competing to establish satellite television systems to suit regional and national markets.
Around the world television is becoming the major cultural influence on all societies. In the United States children watch television for up to four hours a day; in Europe it is only half that, but it is still at all- time record levels and rising.
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Despite the fact that in many countries- such as Norway, Mexico, France, India and South Korea there are strong traditions of protection for domestic media and cultural industries, there is considerable pressure to open media markets to penetration by the global media conglomerates. The argument that cultural trade barriers harms consumer choice is heard from neo liberal voices in every country who challenge the notion of state subsidies in the media sector. In Europe the major battle over social and cultural values against market power concerns the future of public service broadcasting.
But what happens in media is only one dimension of globalisation. There are new levels of corporate influence over developed nations and, at the same time, evidence of an increasing gulf between rich and poor in much of the world. The most recent Human Development Report of the United Nations shows that the concentration of wealth and power is accelerating. More than 40 per cent of global trade is handled by 359 corporations and the wealth of 10 billionaires is worth 1.5 times the income of the 48 poorest countries of the world."
The global economy, including the media sector, is largely outside the orbit of democratic and industrial accountability and, when it fails, media- workers and journalists suffer like other groups of workers. This social crisis adds to the insecurity and uncertainty experienced by thousands of journalists and media staff, many of whom have suffered at the hands of dictatorial and authoritarian regimes that deny fundamental human rights.
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The major change brought about through globalisation is the increased mobility of capital and the growth of unstable world- wide financial markets. When they break down they can have devastating consequences as in Asia during 1997 and 1998 when crashing financial companies and large falls in exchange rates led to a substantial increase in poverty and unemployment. The impact was felt elsewhere, such as in Brazil and Russia, for instance, where growth has been damaged as internationally mobile capital has moved out of markets rumoured to be risky.
Recent recovery in the stock markets in these regions have eased fears of a world- wide economic crisis, but the consequences- increased unemployment, reduction in public services continue to damage the social fabric of society.
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The recent crisis in Asia is symptomatic of a process which, because it has no social dimension and has no strong framework for regulation, is fundamentally unstable, creating a major risk of financial speculation ruinous to the real economy. Because the state can no longer play the role it played previously, there are no adequate
Human Development Report, UN 1997
Zagreb, April
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international institutions for the protection of individual freedoms, human rights or for the promotion of social justice- not to mention the preservation of peace.
These missing elements of international administration are keenly felt in the information and communications field. Decisions by News Corporation to censor satellite channels and book publishing companies( HarperCollins, 1998) by removing material critical of China in defence of business interests is chilling evidence that global media enterprises can add to pressures on freedom of expression. The growth of advertising revenues in China- surging at rates of around 40-50 per cent during the 1990s makes this a lucrative market where moral considerations are sacrificed to satisfy corporate objectives.
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Workers in all industries have seen wages and conditions depressed at both ends of the global economy- by labour market forces in the developed countries( through high unemployment or short- contract freelance and temporary labour practices) and by government edict or even brute force in the developing world.
Changes in the Media Landscape
One of the driving forces in the expansion of the media market is the power of advertising, particularly that from transnational companies which provides resources for global expansion. For instance, advertising from global conglomerates accounts for more than 50 per cent of the revenues of the ABN- CNBC Asia Network owned by Dow Jones and General Electric. The scope for growth in this area is enormous
2
The global media market is dominated by nine conglomerates: Time Warner, Bertelsmann, General Electric, Disney, Sony, News Corporation, AT& T, Viacom and Seagram. This is the top layer of a highly- concentrated industry. Time Warner, with annual revenues of 28 US$ Billion is some 50 times larger than the world's 50th largest media firm. What distinguishes these players is not just their size but their global distribution networks.
All of these companies see their future growth dependent upon winning ever greater shares of the global market. To do that effectively they need to mix production capacity with effective distribution. Only two of the nine are not major content producers and all of them have major stakes in the world music, film and entertainment fields. They have the size and capacity to acquire assets and make partnerships- for instance within the expanding on- line and telecommunications area- as they are required.
Robert McChesney, Rich Media, Poor Democracy
3

Below the top flight is a second rank of players- around 50 companies- which have major holdings in national or regional niche media and information markets. These are othe also big companies, among the top 1,000 in the world, including the likes of Gannett, Dow Jones, Thomson and Hollinger from North America and Pearson, Reuters, ReedElsevier and Kirch from Europe.
This block of some 60- odd companies controls much of the world's media including book, magazine and newspaper publishing, music recording, television, film, cable, satellite production and distribution.
These companies are not competitive in any meaningful sense of the term. There is a complex web of interrelationships in which the largest companies often share major stockholders, own subsidiary companies of each other or have interlocking boards of directors. Each of the nine largest media conglomerates have joint ventures, on average, with six of the other eight media giants and usually more than one.³ For the second tier of companies, such links are also essential. The global media market is, therefore, one where major players try to reach accommodations which will allow each to take a profitable slice of the new information market.
As Robert McChesney has observed, the global media scene more closely resembles a cartel than it does a competitive marketplace.
The Impact of Globalisation on Unions and Journalism
02
Globalisation has diminished the capacity for action by trade unions and the state which has meant less effective collective bargaining and social dialogue.* Trade unions are losing members, and only in a minority of countries are the majority of workers organised. According to the ILO unions are adjusting to the challenge in four
ways:
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•
By providing new services for members( including insurance, social benefits, legal advice services, training, communication programmes, etc.)
By recruiting new groups of workers- in particular, freelance, workers in precarious jobs and informal sector workers
• By expanding trade union co- operation, through transnational campaigns seeking codes and standards on social, environmental and cultural issues
Variety report on 50 largest media firms, 1997
4
World Labour Report 1997-1998, ILO
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By forging new alliances with consumer or grassroots organisations and looking for new industrial partners in pursuit of common interests.
These trends are also visible among unions within the global media and communications industry. Signs of change in recent years have been the rapid growth of freelance and insecure employment patterns and a world- wide struggle to maintain traditional protection for intellectual property.
The struggle to maintain social rights and collective bargaining capacity has been made more difficult by the perceptible decline in quality of journalism as it has become an important source of profits for media giants. Investigative journalism and foreign coverage have been cut because they are too expensive. Sensationalist television and low grade newspaper journalism have contributed to a world- wide debate over quality of journalism and unprecedented anxiety among journalists and others at the consequences for the functioning of political democracies.
In these circumstances journalists' trade unions are increasingly conscious of the need to enhance and protect the identity of the profession. The identity of the journalist is a crucial factor in developing a professional and trade union response to the process of globalisation.
Towards a Trade Union Strategy For Solidarity
The complex and global network of ownership and control of the world's media requires a trade union response based upon transnational co- operation and involving a range of unions that organise workers from different sectors.
With the ICFTU and others, the IFJ already works to promote a range of demands designed to counter the negative impact of globalisation. These include:
international action to control speculation through the introduction of a global tax on short- term flows of capital with revenues used to fund povertyreducing development programmes
⚫ stronger international control of all financial markets with agreed rules for supervising banks and global standards for regulation of financial markets and full disclosure of government budgets to combat corruption
•
international co- ordination of economic and monetary policies to ensure stable long- term growth and a review of the role of the World Bank and the IMF as demanded by the UN Summit for Social Development so that programmes of lending are based upon respect for human rights, increased employment and reduction of poverty not austerity and deregulation
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social dialogue with trade unions, employers and others to build national and international consensus for sustainable development strategies which are targeted on eliminating poverty, creating employment and sound economic policy based upon full respect for fundamental human rights
actions to develop codes and standards to be applied in international trade agreements which will ensure respect for labour standards and, for media provide for free expression and journalistic independence.
Achieving these objectives Trades unions are considering how to insist that transnational enterprises are obliged to respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the conventions and labour standards of the ILO; by creating transnational structures for social dialogue which give union representatives rights to information, consultation and negotiation; and by establishing a recognised charter of social and cultural rights which must feature in all cross- border trade agreements.
In order to take up the social, democratic and cultural issues which emerge from an examination of the impact of globalisation on media, the IFJ must, therefore, give priority to work within the international and regional organisations of the wider trade union movement.
In addition, the IFJ will need to consider further co- operation with active and committed- groups such as Transparency International and the OECD anti- corruption network- which are working to eliminate corruption in world trade relations.
However, the priority for action within the IFJ membership must be to identify areas and companies where fruitful co- operation between national unions of journalists and mediaworkers can be encouraged. Initiatives covering the Conrad Black empire, Independent Newspapers, Reuters and News Corporation have already been considered, but this work must be developed further into a coherent programme of activities which will provide national journalists unions with reliable information and a network of trade union contacts within transnational companies.
Joint actions with other unions are essential, but a key element in the IFJ working programme for the coming years must be to put in place structures for IFJ members to communicate effectively with each other to identify joint approaches to organisation, bargaining and disputes. Sharing information is the starting point for such work.
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AIDAN WHITE
General Secretary
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