IFJ
International Federation of Journalists XXIV Congress, Seoul, June 11-15th 2001
Journalism in the Information Age
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REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY

INTRO
Report of the General Secretar
Introduction
Contents
Introduction
Part One
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General Activities of the IFJ
Appendix 1 Attendance at IFJ Executive Committee Meetings
Appendix 2 Major Activities 1998- 2001
Appendix 3 Membership Figures 1998- 2000
Appendix 4 IFJ Executive Committee Decisions on Membership
Appendix 5 IFJ Press Releases 1998- 2001
Appendix 6 Child Rights and the Media: Guidelines for Media
Appendix 7 Principles of Co- operation between the IFJ and UNIMEI as adopted by the IFJ Executive Committee
Appendix 8 In the Service of Society: Knowledge, Community ons and Information are keys to Democracy in the Age of Globalisation provide
Appendix 9 Reforming Broadcasting: Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television
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Project Division and Regional Activities
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Journalists in Peril
New Media and Globalisation Equality and Quality at Work
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
1. The XXIV Congress of the IFJ- Journalism In the Information Age- provides a timely and urgent opportunity to focus on the changing world of journalism. Our unions are adjusting to a tough new landscape for organising. Employment patterns have changed dramatically with more freelance working and a growing web- based sector of on- line journalism and new information services. In the face of globalisation, trade union rights remain under pressure from militant employers who refuse to engage in social dialogue with journalists' unions or who increasingly impose commercial imperatives at the of ethical journalism. One consequence is a continuing decline in the quality of media and growing anxiety among journalists about ethical and professional standards.
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2. The issues to be debated at Congress concern the major objectives for journalists' unions in this uncertain period- to strengthen trade union rights and to reassert professional values in journalism. The activities of the IFJ over the past three years give some indication of the depth of the problems we face and provide a framework for discussion on how we respond to the challenges of the information age.
3. This Report is divided into three parts:
➤ Part One covers the activities of the Executive Committee and details the policy 15 The work and activities of the IFJ in relation to the secretariat, human rights and relations with other organisations;
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➤ Part Two provides an extensive review of the work of the IFJ Project Division to Bing! and covers IFJ regional activities;
➤ Part Three includes discussion documents covering Equality and Quality, New Media and Globalisation, and Human Rights: Setting a New Agenda.
4. Over the past three years we have focused on consolidation of IFJ activity. The Executive Committee has taken steps to strengthen our legal status by establishing the Federation as an AISBL( Association International Sans But Lucratif) under Belgian Law. This establishes the Federation as a non- profit body and requires a number of minor amendments to the Constitution. By restructuring the work of the secretariat through the creation of the Project Division and upgrading the legal status of the Federation, the Executive Committee has provided a framework for efficiency and an expansion of work both at headquarters and in the regions.
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5. The political conditions for journalism and trade union rights are slowly improving. At the end of 2000, optimism was generated by the removal of Slobodan Milosevic and the new opportunity for peace and media freedom in Serbia, but this was sharply contrasted with renewed conflict between Israel and Palestine and the suffering of many Palestinian journalists among the victims of violence.
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6. One of the IFJ's major tasks remains to defend journalists' rights whenever and wherever they come under attack. Those attacks have become more frequent and their geographical spread has increased. Dictatorships and authoritarian governments continue to be the worst violators of the rights of journalists and their unions. But countries with a democratic tradition also regularly breach them. The IFJ Annual Report of journalists killed or missing for 2000 marked the 10th year of such reports and recorded another poor year for press freedom with the continued murder and brutalisation of working journalists.
7. Moral and material support to journalists in need, to independent organisations of journalists and to media trade unionists has continued to be an important aspect of our work, particularly in Indonesia, Sierra Leone, Colombia, Palestine, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The IFJ Safety Fund stands as a powerful and effective instrument for practical solidarity with journalists in need throughout the world. In addition, the Executive Committee endorsed a series of recommendations concerning a Code of Practice for the Safe Conduct of Journalism( see Safety Fund and Human Rights Report) and this was followed, in 2000, by agreement on a similar code by a number of leading media- the BBC, CNN, Reuters, ITN and APTN.
8. Attempts to establish professional standards in the face of overwhelming problems of political and financial corruption, governmental interference and state control have been greatly assisted by the IFJ's Media For Democracy which has given professional assistance to journalists in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. This programme, which was established first in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in 1993 and later in Africa has been extended and further developed.( See Part Two.)
9. The expansion of IFJ activities in the regions has continued. With numerous opportunities for practical training programmes and enhanced solidarity. We have organised seminars, meetings and events covering trade union development, rights of freelance and women journalists, questions flowing from technological changes in the broadcasting and electronic media and professional issues such as access to information and editorial independence. Special attention has been given to authors' rights questions, the defence of freelance rights and the issue of public service broadcasting.
10. The European Federation of Journalists and the Latin American Group GAL- FIP have been strengthened and an Asia- Pacific IFJ group is still in formation, although project work in Asia- Pacific has been increased thanks to the work of the Project Office in Sydney and the opening of a new IFJ office in Tokyo during 2000. The backbone of IFJ work in the regions is based upon regional offices co- ordinating work from Brussels, Caracas, and Sydney with project co- ordinators in Nigeria, Kenya, and Senegal covering Africa. As of 2001 project work will also support the newly created Southern Africa Journalists Association.
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11. A centrepiece of IFJ activity during the Congress period was the organisation of the international Authors' Rights For All Summit in London in June 2000. From here was launched a worldwide campaign including, in the first months of 2001, the appointment of a full- time co- ordinator on this question. The Authors' Rights Expert Group has developed a vigorous programme for IFJ unions.
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12. The ethical challenges confronting journalists remain a central concern to the IFJ. The pressures from governments to control information and increased commercial pressure on newsroom has led to a worrying fall in standards which has led the Executive Committee to recommend that this is given further priority in the coming period. A proposal on quality of journalism questions will be discussed at Congress and a background paper on the strategic ways of tackling this issue in a new campaign are set out in the paper on Equality and Quality in Part Three of this Report.
13. The IFJ is strengthening relations with other media workers. The creation of Union Network International, bringing together the former Graphical International( IGF) and the Media and Entertainment International( MEI) with communications, postal, commercial and financial services staff created new opportunities for working together with other groups within the media sector. Good working relations have already been established. The IFJ hopes to develop these further in the coming years. The IFJ has also opened a dialogue with Education International covering teachers and Public Services International, which represents many workers in public broadcasting.
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14. To help meet our trade union objectives we have reactivated work with the ILO to ensure that working conditions of journalists are considered within the agency's programme IFJ work with other agencies of the United Nations system continues to expand. We have worked closely with UNESCO, UNICEF, WIPO, The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, and the UN Centre for Human Rights. Our continuing consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council gives further opportunities for the interest of journalists to be represented at the highest level.
15. The Executive Committee has continued to exercise prudent management of the IFJ's finances, but has been aware of the difficulties that face some member unions. The Executive Committee has reached a number of arrangements with member unions to ensure that financial obligations are met.
16. The Executive Committee believes the IFJ is in a good position to confront the challenges of the years ahead. Difficulties remain, but we are bigger, stronger and more confident than ever. That is due in no small part to the contribution made to our work over the years by friends and colleagues who have devoted themselves to international solidarity. We are saddened to record the death in December 2000 of Marie Anne Paquet, former Assistant to the General Secretary, who worked at the IFJ headquarters for almost 30 years until her retirement in 1996.
PART ONE:
GENERAL ACTIVITY OF THE IFJ
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PART ONE:
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Report of the General Secretary
Part One:
Activities of the Executive Committee
1.
MEETINGS
Executive Committee:
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May 8
1998
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November 14-15
1998
20 Boston
May 15-16
1999
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1012 November 27-28
1999
London
June 12-13
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Sydney
December 8-9
2000
Brussels
March 23-25
2001
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November 12-13
1998
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Brussels
Brussels
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May 14
1999
November 26
1999
March 3
2000
June 11
2000
Sydney
Brussels
December 7
2000
March 22
2001
Executive Committee Attendance: See attached list( Part One, Appendix 1). Also attached is a record of the major meetings and activities, which have involved the IFJ Headquarters and staff during the past three years( Part One, Appendix 2).
2.
MEMBERSHIP
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26d. The membership figures reported by member unions for 1999 and 2000 are given in the list attached to this report( Part One, Appendix 3). The figures below show the mood change over the Congress period with a 1990 reference for comparison.
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1998
1999
2000
Change
2251
Unions 1367
129
136
146
+17
Countries 53 Members¹
98
103
106
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151,176
314,260
310,929
328,982
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This number records membership figures declared to the IFJ for the purpose of payment of fees. A count of membership on the basis of internal union records suggests the number of journalists actually covered by IFJ unions is much greater, up to 500,000.
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3.
4.
5.
APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP
Dod to hos Applications for Full and Associate membership and questions of disaffiliation are dealt with by the Executive Committee. The decisions of the Executive Committee during the Congress period concerning membership are set out in the list attached to this report( Part One, Appendix 4). Additional information arising from the Executive Committee meeting of March 23rd 2001 will be made available prior to the opening of Congress.
PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION
The IFJ continues to produce its monthly newsletter DirectLine which has been produced regularly since 1998. As well as editions in the IFJ recognised languages a Japanese edition is also published as well as a regional newsletter Euronews. A number of Special Reports and other publications concerning missions and meetings have been published during the Congress period and these are available to delegates. Reports on the situation of freelances, on authors' rights and in support of the IFJ Safety fund have also been published.
The IFJ has issued more than 130 press releases in the Congress Period covering a range of issues. The details are enclosed( Part One, Appendix 5.) The full details of these statements are available on the IFJ web- site.
At the same time, the secretariat has tried to give fresh emphasis to industrial and trade union issues, but this has not been always satisfactory. The launch of an Industrial Solidarity Newsletter during 2000 was difficult to maintain because of a lack of information from member unions. However, we are grateful for the information we did receive from some unions and we intend to persevere. We hope member unions will recognise the potential value of international support through the IFJ network as an additional element in strategies for industrial action at a national level.
The IFJ has also taken steps to strengthen its web- based services and has developed its worldwide web page- http://www.ifj.org- that was first set up in 1996. It has become a much- visited site for news and information regarding the IFJ's activities, expanding the IFJ's range of contacts. An internal members' only section has been created to improve the flow of information to member unions.
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During the Congress period the Executive Committee appointed Rory O'Neill, a trade- union health and safety specialist, as IFJ health and safety officer. He has produced four issues of a special bulletin IFJ Health. We hope that member unions will increasingly take advantage of his expertise. He has taken on some work on behalf of the IFJ with other sections of the international trade union movement( see below).
FINANCE
The Executive Committee put into effect the decisions of the last Congress concerning financial strategies. A full report of the IFJ's financial activities is
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The Finance Report contains a summary of progress in the past three years as well as the detailed finance report for 2000.
INTERNATIONAL PRESS CARDS
From January 1 1998 until December 31 2000 the Federation issued 28,704 International Press Cards-- a continuation of the improving trend in recent years.
National unions wishing to incorporate the international card into their national document have further stimulated the increase in membership and wider recognition of the card. The Executive Committee has agreed to allow two unions- the NVJ in the Netherlands and the Russian Union of Journalists to make arrangements for this.
SECRETARIAT
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A number of changes in duties of members of the Secretariat have taken place. Jeanine Leclerq, responsible for Press Card work and an administrative assistant ob retired at the end of 2000. Patricia Salvan, a translator and secretary, left the IFJ in 1999 and was replaced by Patricia Stockeyr who left at the end of 2000.
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In the first days of 2001 Marc Gruber joined the IFJ as Communications Coordinator and Bernard Vanmuysewinkel took up his position as an Administrative Assistant, working for the IFJ and the EFJ.
Sarah de Jong replaced Cailin Mackenzie as Human Rights Officer in 1999. Christophe Duflos who worked as Information Technology Officer within the IFJ on behalf of the International Committee of Entertainment and Media Unions since 1996 left this position at the end of the project in 1998. Since January 2001 he has been working part time on technology matters attached to the Project Office.
During the Congress period steps were taken to strengthen IFJ project work and a Project Division has been established. Bettina Peters was appointed Project Big Director. Other staff appointed to Project work during the Congress period are isbn Oliver Money- Kyrle( Project Officer), Isabella Haaf( Project Officer), Andrew blo Clark, who has been employed on a limited contract has also worked in the Project oto Division during this period.
Gregorio Salazar replaced Katia Gil as Latin America Officer based in Caracas to and the European Officer, Renate Schroeder, works from IFJ headquarters. Jacqui Park is working for us out of the Project Office in Sydney, Keiko Katoh and Yoshitane Okuda are staffing the IFJ Tokyo Office, Khaled Mahrez is maintaining the IFJ Algeria Centre, Lanre Arogundade is co- ordinating the project work in Nigeria and Martin Ocholi in Kenya and Gabriel Baylo in Senegal 101 complete the IFJ Project Co- ordination work in Africa.
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The total number of staff employed at the IFJ headquarters and in regional offices and on project activity on January 1 2000 was 16.
REGIONAL ACTIVITIES
During the Congress period the Executive Committee has encouraged unions to organise on a regional basis. This will be the subject of further attention at Congress when regional meetings of IFJ unions will take place.
In addition to the information in Part Two of this Report dealing with activities in Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, special mention should be made of five particular regional developments:
Eastern and Central Europe
One of the major problems facing the Executive Committee during the Congress period has been to provide services and solidarity for unions in the region given the hostile political and business environment for media.
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The IFJ Media For Democracy model has been used to develop programmes and activities in Russia, the countries of Central Asia and South- eastern Europe, under the Royaumont process and, later the Stability Pact.( See Part Two.)
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The Russian Union of Journalists continues to play a crucial role in defending journalists' rights and has been a key partner during the Congress period. The Union has been particularly important in helping to develop wider solidarity with journalists in countries of the former Soviet Union.
Balkan Region
The Co- ordinating Centre for Independent Media in Ljubljana established by the IFJ in partnership with the employers' organisation the World Association of Newspapers was formally wound- up during the Congress period.
The Centre was, during the war and immediately afterwards, the focal point of coordinated international support for journalists and independent media in the region and provided humanitarian aid, training, and practical assistance to independent media. With a strengthening of nationally- based programmes the IFJ and the World Association of Newspapers felt that the Centre's work had come to a satisfactory conclusion and it was closed in 1998.
During the Congress period the IFJ concluded its work of co- ordination of international support for OBN, the national independent television network in Bosnia- Herzegovina. In 1998 the IFJ transferred its responsibilities to a newlyformed charitable agency.
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In 1999 and 2000 the IFJ was actively involved in programmes of support for journalists in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and interventions were made to condemn the bombing by NATO of the Belgrade television service RTS and to
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8.3
support actions of the Stability Pact countries to help independent media.( See Human Rights section).
Media For Democracy in Africa
of mob The problems facing journalists and independent media in Africa have continued to be of particular concern to the IFJ. The Media for Democracy Programme-- which has been developed for Europe and Latin America- was continued throughout the to son Congress period. In the latest phase of the programme from 1998 to 2000, special erol focus has been given to work in Nigeria and we have continued to give priority to to the need to strengthen professional organisations in the region. A new programme for southern Africa was agreed in early 2001 and this will strengthen efforts to create sub- regional co- operation among unions.
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8.4 IFJ Work in the Arab World
The Executive Committee has continued to give priority to practical programmes of co- operation with our colleagues in Palestine and has also assisted in the transition at of the Algeria Centre for Solidarity from a meeting point in the face of the country's internal political crisis, to a functioning centre for training and development work in support of Algerian journalists. Problems facing journalists in Morocco have led to new initiatives to support the IFJ affiliate in the country. The Executive Committee has continued to explore the possibility of more effective solidarity and contacts etails with other organisations in the Arab world.( See relations with International Organisations, below and Part Two.)
8.5
Latin America
The Latin America office continues to provide support for a range of activities in the region and its future has been secured for the current years thanks to the support oild of FNSI in Italy. The Norwegian Journalists Union concluded its programme of solidarity with the office in 1998.( See Part Two). The IFJ has been particularly concerned to strengthen the work of GAL- FIP, the regional group, and to initiate support actions for colleagues in Colombia.
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Asia
In Asia, IFJ work has been strengthened by the consolidation of activities through the projects office established in co- operation with the Media Arts and Entertainment Alliance in Sydney. In addition a sub- regional office has been opened in Tokyo. This office, which serves the IFJ's Japanese affiliates, was opened on the initiative of Mr Yoshitane Okuda, Executive Committee member, and organised a major regional conference on women's rights in journalism during 2000. The ol beExecutive Committee followed closely developments in East Timor and authorised the establishment of an office to help journalists in Dili.
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9.
HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAMME
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The question of journalists' safety and human rights in media have remained a primary area of concern for the IFJ during the Congress period.
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The IFJ completed a project with the United Nations Human Rights Commission to prepare a Human Rights Handbook for journalists.
The IFJ has continued to work closely with organisations involved in the defence of freedom of expression and opinion, including Amnesty International, Article 19, Index on Censorship, Reporters sans frontières, the Committee to Protect Journalists, the Canadian Committee to Protect Journalists, and Humans Rights Watch under the umbrella of the International Freedom of Expression eXchange ( IFEX). In 1999 the IFJ returned to the governing body of IFEX after a period of disengagement over a constitutional disagreement, and the Federation continues to support strongly the work of the Exchange through its Canadian affiliate the CWATNG whose director Arnold Amber is also chairman of IFEX.
The IFJ Safety Fund has continued to provide an invaluable contribution to the IFJ's assistance programme and the Executive Committee has endorsed a fresh appeal for support for the Fund. The Fund has continued to grow and has now become an established and important source of assistance for journalists in need.
A full review of the Safety Fund, safety programme work and details of journalists killed during the Congress period is set out in the Safety Fund and Human Rights Report.
10.
IFJ MISSIONS
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11.1
During the Congress period missions were carried out in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Canada, Cambodia, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, East Timor, Georgia, Hungary, India, Jordan, Kosovo, Kyrghystan, Kazahkstan, Macedonia, Nigeria, Palestine, Panama, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe. Proposals to send missions to Cuba, Iran and again to Palestine were also agreed during 2000.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
International Organisation of Journalists
The 1998 Recife Congress endorsed the actions of the Executive Committee to promote unity between journalists, reaffirming a strategy for unity agreed with the IOJ in 1996. However, nothing has been heard from the IOJ or any of its former officers for the last four years and it is evident that the organisation has ceased to exist, although questions still remain as to the disposal of its assets.
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11.2 22
International Governmental Organisations
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The IFJ continues to have a close working relationship with UNESCO, in particular with its Communications Division and the Press Freedom Unit.
The IFJ has continued to play a leading role in the organisation of UNESCO actions dadaround World Press Freedom Day. During 2000 and the first part of 2001, the IFJ was closely involved in the preparation of a Conference at Windhoek in Namibia to mark the 10th anniversary of the Windhoek Declaration, made at the first in a series no ancof regional conferences to examine practical ways of promoting independent and pluralistic media. IFJ unions and experts from throughout Africa have been closely involved in preparing background documents for this meeting.
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In 2001 for International Women's' Day, the IFJ and UNESCO organised a special initiative to promote actions in favour of increasing the status of women in journalism.
bluow The General Secretary met with the newly elected Director General of UNESCO no ex Koïchiro Matsuura in Paris in December 2000.
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International Labour Organisation
Co- operation with the ILO during the Congress period focussed on the preparation of an extensive survey of freelance rights around the world. This survey was 802 presented to a Multi- Media Symposium held in Geneva in 1999. This was the gains second event of its kind in recent years and the President of the IFJ, Christopher
Warren, was chair of the workers' group. The meeting was more productive than previous ILO meetings between union representatives, governments and employers, gable but it is regrettable that, once again, no funding was allocated for follow- up work. operation
In February 2001 the General Secretary and other leaders of global unions met with beylothe Director General of the ILO Juan Somavia to discuss the ILO programme and sad how it can be developed. The IFJ expressed its dissatisfaction that in the new twobea year programme of meetings( 2001-2002) there are no activities at all planned to st take account of developments in our sector. However, the meeting proved to be a
positive moment in which all unions present expressed the strong wish for change and the introduction of a more flexible, decentralised approach to work with the 2018 ILO. As a result there is the possibility of more regionally- based actions in the guite coming years. A planned meeting on safety at work planned for 2002 will give the ad IFJ an opportunity to develop its code of practice on the safe conduct of journalism.
United Nations Children's Fund( UNICEF) UNI
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Since the Recife Congress the IFJ has continued to have good links with the UN Children's Fund. The IFJ has widely circulated the draft code for journalists reporting on children's rights and this is submitted to Congress for endorsement ( Part One, Appendix 6).
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In November 1997 the IFJ launched an extensive four- year project on awareness raising among journalists and media on children's rights. This has involved regional meetings and support for the international meeting prior to the opening of the IFJ Congress. The projects arising from these activities have now concluded.
United Nations
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The IFJ continues to follow the work of the UN Commission on Human Rights but remains concerned that adequate budgets are not available for the special rapporteur on media freedom, Abid Hussein, to carry out his work. In 1999 and 2000 the IFJ attended the Commission on Human Rights in Geneva and made submissions on violations of press freedom around the world.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation( NATO)
During the conflict between NATO countries and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in April 1999, the IFJ sought assurances from NATO regarding targeting of media. A letter to the Secretary General Javier Solana brought a response from NATO spokesman Jamie Shea giving assurances that media would not be targeted as such. However, within days NATO launched an air strike on Radio Television Serbia killing 16 media staff. The IFJ strongly protested at this action.( See Appendix 5.)
Organisation for Security and Co- operation in Europe( OSCE)
The IFJ assisted in preparing the mandate for the position of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of Media. This position was created in 1998. During the Congress period, the IFJ expressed concern that the OSCE Representative, Freimut Duve, was exceeding his mandate in one area and ignoring it in another by not consulting with journalists' organisations in the execution of his work or taking up issues of social conditions of journalists.
The IFJ insisted that the mandate of the Representative was not to become involved in ethical questions related to journalism, but to intervene with member states where violations of the rights of journalists take place. In this regard the IFJ expressed concern that the OSCE representative took on the position of Chairman of the Independent Media Commission in Bosnia- Herzegovina.
The Vice President Linda Foley made a statement to a hearing of the US Congress on the OSCE in 2000 and raised these problems. The Executive Committee meeting in Sydney, Australia, in December 2000 agreed to write to the leadership of the OSCE expressing the IFJ's concerns over the work of the OSCE representative on Freedom of Media.
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10.3 International Trade Union Organisations
ICFTU
The General Secretary has represented the IFJ at international and regional meetings organised by the ICFTU. The IFJ continues to assist the ICFTU in the field of policy- making and activities concerning media and freedom of expression. The IFJ has contributed regularly to the Global Unions web site established by the ICFTU in 2000. Rory O'Neill, IFJ health and safety officer, has represented us at the Health and Safety sub- committee meetings of the ICFTU and the European Trades Union WM Confederation.
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International Trade Secretariats
The IFJ is one of the 15 international trades secretariats( ITS) representing workers in all sectors. The IFJ has attended six ITS meetings since 1998. The ITS annual conference meetings have recently been hosted by national centres- the TUC in Great Britain, the DGB in Germany, CGIL in Italy, and the OGB in Austria.
Globalisation of the world economy and new production processes have encouraged mergers between some of the industrial sectors. In media and communications, there are significant changes underway, and the IFJ has sought to strengthen its links with other groups of workers in the sector. Recent mergers have seen the number of global unions fall from 15 to 10. In January 2001 David Cockroft, General Secretary of the International Transport Federation was appointed Chairman of the Global Unions groups and Philip Jennings, General Secretary of UNI, was appointed vicechairman.
gig International Committee of Entertainment and Media Unions( ICEMU)
With the formation of Union Network International in January 2000, the formal coooperation between media unions, has been transformed and now the IFJ is boar establishing an active rapport with the new international which brings together three of the former ICEMU partners. The President of the IFJ, Christopher Warren, was elected to preside over ICEMU during 1999, but no formal meetings have been held brs in the last period.
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The Executive Committee concluded the joint project with Communications International, which had created a post of Technology Officer working out of the IFJ office in 1997 and 1998.
Union Network International( UNI)
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The IFJ has welcomed the creation of UNI, which brings together five of internationals, including the IGF representing graphical workers and MEI, representing media, arts and entertainment staff( see below).
The IFJ has agreed to work closely with the new international, which is providing a strong base for actions to engage in dialogue with major transnational corporations.
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The UNI emphasis on the communications sector and its declared commitment to organising workers in the information economy makes it an important partner for the IFJ in developing strategies to deal with globalisation. In June 2000, Philip Jennings, the General Secretary of UNI attended the IFJ Authors' Rights for All Summit in London as a keynote speaker.
UNI- Media and Entertainment International
The IFJ has maintained relations with UNI- MEI, which joined the UNI constellation in 2000. A joint statement of principles for co- operation between the IFJ and UNIMEI were adopted by the Executive Committee at its meeting in Boston in May 1999. These are attached( Part One, Appendix 7).
Education International( EI), Public Service International( PSI)
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The IFJ has agreed two statements with the federations representing teachers and public service workers. These cover the need for giving as added dimension to current international discussions on policy related to globalisation covering democratic, cultural and public service values. Co- operation with the Education International is strongly based upon a joint commitment to freedom of expression and professional values. With the Public Service International, the IFJ has sought to build common ground on access to information( whistle- blowing policies) and defence of public service broadcasting. The two statements prepared by the Executive Committee and jointly agreed by the internationals are attached( Part One, Appendix 8).
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11.4 International Media Organisations
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During the Congress period the IFJ has not made significant progress in developing links with media employers' organisations. Hopes of achieving effective social dialogue at international level have not materialised. There has been limited cooperation with the World Association of Newspapers and its regional organisation, the European Newspaper Publishers Association. Co- operation has mainly focused on joint actions around project work and current human rights issues.
-
Thus far co- operation has been restricted to the fields of media development and human rights particularly in Eastern and Central Europe and Africa where both organisations have an interest in creating the best possible conditions for media freedom.
The problems of co- operation are a reflection of the profound differences that exist between the IFJ and publishers on such issues as social rights, professional independence, and media concentration and particularly copyright. The Executive Committee believes strongly, however, that globalisation in media and the development of international media policy requires that efforts should be made to create a climate for social dialogue at international level.
The IFJ has maintained working relations with broadcasting employers in membership of the European Broadcasting Union which covers most of the major
10

gois
11.5
public service broadcast companies, although efforts to establish social dialogue at a European level have been interrupted. The IFJ has made efforts to engage with the Public Broadcasting Initiative, a campaign developed by a number of key EBU affiliates and public broadcasters in Canada and Australia.
Other International Organisations
ab the
In December 2000 the Executive Committee decided to discontinue its affiliation to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance( IDEA) based in Stockholm. This body, which brings together a number of governments and 2 leading NGOs involved in project activity to support and sustain the process of democratisation around the world, has not responded to IFJ efforts to stimulate activities directed towards strengthening media performance in election coverage.
12.
mes involvi
The Executive Committee has continued its links with the Labour and Society International, a group of international trade unions seeking to promote cooperation and joint actions around union development projects.
EXPERT GROUPS AND WORKING PARTIES
The Executive Committee has supported the establishment of specialist groups to yd be carry out activities as and when they are needed. Groups have been set up, largely through the framework of the EFJ, covering Authors' Rights, Freelance matters and Broadcasting. Short reports on the work of the expert groups are attached to the European Regional Report in Part Two of this report.
2
to be Authors' Rights Expert Group: London Summit, June 2000
to no The work of the Authors' Rights Expert Group was focused during the Congress period on a proposal to hold a major World Summit on authors' rights- Author's Rights for All. This took place in London in June 2000 and was greatly assisted by the NUJ of Great Britain and Ireland. A full report of the conclusions and proceedings of the conference has been distributed and the follow- up campaign has been endorsed by the Executive Committee. This is outlined in the report of the AREG later on in this Report( Part Two). Thanks to the support of a number of indol member unions, the IFJ was able to appoint a full- time Authors' Rights Campaign Co- ordinator, Therese Hafbauer who started work in Brussels office in March 2001.
e nom
976. 15/0
sided
During the Congress period Tove Hygum Jakobsen stood down as Chair of the AREG and was replaced by Anne- Louise Schelin. Tove has continued to represent the IFJ on the board of IFFRO, the international reproductions rights organisation. ( ZASIMI)
Women Working Party
to
adi
depart
basin The IFJ Women Working Party was relaunched at the Recife Congress. The Working Party has three members: Karin Bernhard, DJV, Germany; Ann Coultart, NUJ, Great Britain and Ireland( replaced Beulah Ainley when she retired); and Solveig Schmidt, DJ, Denmark
11

USE
The Working Party met six times during the Congress period. At the first meeting the group decided to focus on building networks of women representatives in IFJ unions instead of aiming to make the Working Party larger.
In light of the discussions at the Recife Congress the Working Party concentrated its efforts on ensuring that the participation of women at the Seoul Congress be made a of priority for the IFJ Executive Committee. The Working Party succeeded in the adoption of an equality policy statement by the Executive Committee, which reads:
11.4
00 50
vd
bus
asd
sdi
100
no
The IFJ is an equal opportunity organisation. Our policy is to ensure that all our members of affiliated unions and our employees are not treated less favourably because of their gender, colour, nationality, religious belief, sexual orientation or disability.
The IFJ expects that affiliated unions make sure that delegates attending IFJ meetings reflect the full make up of their membership. It is our specific goal to have a balanced participation of women and men at the IFJ Congress and on the IFJ Executive Committee.
The Working Party further completed the following tasks during the Congress period:
•
•
Establishment of the IFJ Women Network, an e- mail network administered by the IFJ Project Division, which currently has some 50 members from 45 countries. The network is mainly used to alert women representatives of IFJ activities and other events of interest to women journalists.
An IFJ publication on the Status of Women Journalists that will be launched at the IFJ Women Conference in Seoul. The publication will include findings of a survey sent to IFJ member unions and articles celebrating the contribution of women journalists to the defence of press freedom and journalists' rights.
Official partnership with UNESCO in the March 8 2001 Women Make the News initiative;
Organisation of the IFJ Global Conference for Women Journalists to take place on June 11th in Seoul. It is the aim of the working party that the Global Conference will present a detailed proposal for future work on women's rights to the IFJ as well as ensuring that a higher number of women are members of delegations to the IFJ Congress.
International Media Working Party Against Racism and Xenophobia ( IMRAX)
Committe
IMRAX has become an established forum for action in the promotion of professional actions against racism in media. IFJ member unions in France, Finland, Jest Great Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands as well as representatives of the bim European Commission, the Council of Europe, UNESCO, the European
Broadcasting Union, the European Journalism Training Association and the
12

International Association of Mass Communication Research have played a leading bas role in the Group's work.
In the Congress period IMRAX activities have included:
-
-
29 30 August 1998, London IMRAX round table" Black Brittania into the Millenium: Media and Racism". Hosted by the National Union of Journalists.
-
saut 5-6 February 1999, Helsinki, IMRAX round table" The Media, The Police and od Minorities. Eliminating Racist Attitudes through Co- operation". Hosted by the tuos Union of Journalists in Finland.
oilduq no
mon 19 March 1999, Strasbourg- European Media Forum" The Police, the Media and dao Racism- ethical dilemmas facing journalists when reporting crimes involving the
ethnic minority community." The IFJprize Presentation Ceremony. Hosted by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance of the Council of Europe.
391120- 21 May 1999, Köln- European Media Conference, Cultural Diversity- Against Racism. Hosted by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk and the European Monitoring centre on Racism and Xenophobia.
-
7 February 2000, Brussels Preparation for IMRAX working programme, obiw discussion on the role of the ethnic minority media in Europe. Hosted by the IFJ. show gaigasdos ni aingin noinu ba
-
2011 May 2000, Brussels- European Media Forum" Media and the Far Right" and aisni IFJPrize Presentation Ceremony. Hosted by the European Parliament. 26 June od 2000, Vienna IMRAX Roundtable on" Media, the Far Right Media and Ethnic Minorities". Hosted by the Österreichischen Journalistengewerkschaft. 11- 13 October 2000, Strasbourg- European Contribution to the world conference against se Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance.
show of abism
Bb Broadcasting
hoinu ledolg Injoj
bas To follow up the resolution adopted by Congress, the Executive Committee of supported a new campaign: Prime Time for Quality-- Campaign for Real Public quo Service Broadcasting
mmo sviluosxil od 000
doaz
diod A Broadcasting Experts Group was established and co- ordinated by Arnold Amber, Director of the Canadian Media Guild. Other members of the group have been Lasse Anderson( Sweden), Jouku Blomberg( Finland), Brigitte Fuchsia( Austria), ai barTrevor Goodchild and Michael Fisher( UK and Ireland), Teri Katona( Hungary) and of be Gustl Glattfelder( Germany).
diw
In recent years the use of new technology, merging of departments, cutbacks in funding and the growth of private sector broadcasting have had an enormous impact on public service broadcasters.
olg no
At the same time, the status of public broadcasting in new and emerging democracies remains unclear. Many governments refuse to convert from state
13

a control of broadcasting to genuinely public service systems in which political interference is forbidden. This led to specific IFJ actions in the Czech Republic and Hungary in the first months of 2001.
The Executive Committee also protested when union leaders in Korea were threatened with jail because they led strikes by broadcasting workers fighting for a democratic administration of the public service sector and gave support to the fight to prevent cuts in funding of the prestigious World Service of the BBC.
An international meeting on public service broadcasting was held in London in June 2000 and an extensive programme of proposals was prepared. These are to be discussed further at the Tokyo meeting on broadcasting prior to the Seoul Congress.14th. Earlier, in May 2000 the IFJ supported a conference on public service broadcasting in Africa in Rabat, Morocco. The conference of people from Africa and abroad discussed strengthening of public service broadcasting across Africa.
A key document outlining a strategy for broadcasting in Europe was agreed at an IFJ conference in Zagreb in April 1999 and adopted by the Executive Committee. This statement- the Zagreb Declaration- is attached( Appendix 9).
Globalisation
The issue of globalisation- media concentration, the expansion of the world- wide media market and the continuing struggle for trade union rights in a changing work bus environment- was one of the key questions facing the Executive Committee during the Congress period. The IFJ Executive Committee took part in important seminars on aspects of this phenomenon in Boston in May 1999, in partnership with the TNG- CWA, and in Sydney in December 2000, organised by the MEAA.
The Executive Committee recognises that the impact of globalisation in media is an issue that includes all groups of workers and efforts have been made to work together with Union Network International. In February 2001 the IFJ joined a meeting in Nyon with UNI and PSI to examine the possibility of a joint global union approach to the Vivendi- Universal Company, one of the world's leading music and olda media conglomerates. The Executive Committee has also supported efforts to promote international solidarity in dealing with other international media groups such as Reuters and the Conrad Black group. During 2000 the Executive Committee supported the strike at the Calgary Herald and actions at the Jerusalem Post, both owned by the Black corporation.
The Executive Committee sought to establish a Globalisation Working Party and is grateful for the efforts of Jim Boumelha and Chantal Larouche who contributed to this work. Jim Boumelha was charged by the Executive Committee with responsibility to represent the IFJ in the ICFTU work on globalisation.
The IFJ positions on globalisation issues have been developed during the Congress period and a paper to the ILO symposium on the impact of new technologies in
14

PART 2000 as well as submissions to the Boston Forum are covered by the background paper to the Congress set out in this report( Part Three).
Brussels, February 17th 1998
1719tive Committee Meetings
NAMES
President
Chris Warren
Senior Vice- President
Vice- President
Vice- President
Advisers
Gusti Glutfelder
Linda Foley
Francis Sant'Anna
Osvaldo Urriolabeitia
Chantale Larouche
Seh- Yong Lee
Jagoda Vukosic
Tony Wilton
Kabral Blay Amihere
Jim Boumelba
Mario Guastoni
Farka
Hasshimu Naranjargal
Yosh
Juan
Gregorio
Hans
Songa
slev
Reserve Advisers
HA
Lumansi
khouri
Meila Alarcón
General Secretary
(*), Roberto Mejía This position of
Rojas Garro
Vsevolod danov,
Amol
Barry Porter
Alf Lindberg
Aidan White
Poss
atter
5
5
2
Grep
left
15

21
Globalisation
The
the
on as
ING
The Execu
issue
together
meeting
med
The
In February
the possibility
Compasy,
ical
une be
agreed at an ommittee.
during
the
and rts to
During 2000 the Execu
groups Committee
Calgary
Jerusalem Post, both
corporation.
Committee
king Party
grateful for the efforts of Jim Boumelha and
this work. Jim Boamel
respo
bility to rep
ICETU
The IFI positions on globalisation issues have been developed period and a paper to the ILO symposium on the impact
the Congress gies in

PART ONE
PART ONE- Appendix 1, EC Attendance
W= World
E= Europe
Attendance at
CEE Central IFJ Executive Committee Meetings
Europ AF
ica
NAMES
AS=
Possible attendance
Actual
attendance
ME
East
President
Chris Warren
6
6
Senior Vice- President
Gustl Glattfelder
6
Vice- President
Linda Foley
6
Vice- President
Francisco Sant'Anna
6
Advisers
M'Jahed Younouss
6
Osvaldo Urriolabeitia
6
Chantale Larouche
6
545557
1
15-16Seh- Yong Lee
6
6
19
Jagoda Vukusic
6
4
24-27
Tony Wilton
6
1
29
Kabral Blay- Amihere
6
Jim Boumelha
6
Mario Guastoni
6
Farhana Ismail
6
6
8
Hasshhuu Naranjargal
6
Yoshi Okuda
6
Juan Antonio Prieto
6
9-13
11.12
Gregorio Salazar
3
12-14
Hans Verploeg
6
366556624
18-24
Soren Wormslev
6
6
19
Reserve Advisers
Herbert Lumansi
4
1
21-22 26-28
Suresh Akhouri
0
0
Roberto Mejía Alarcón*
4
2
Ileana Rojas Garro
3
1
Vsevolod Bogdanov
Arnold Amber
Barry Porter
28-31
General Secretary
Alf Lindberg
Aidan White
1552
0
2
1
0
6
6
13-16
28
29
(*) Roberto Mejía Alarcon acted as adviser as from Sept 1, 1999 to replace Gregorio Salazar who left his position of adviser to act within the EC in his capacity of Latin- America regional officer
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PART ONE- Appendix 2, Major meetings
W= World
E= Europe
CEE= Central& Eastern
Europe
AF= Africa
AS= Asia
ME= Middle East
28-29
with The Dutch
IFJ HEADQUARTERS' MAJOR ACTIVITIES 1998-2001
Date
Theme
ACTIVITIES
1998
Place
May
15-16
19
WE
IFEX annual meeting
Paris
Belfast
IFJ Prize
20
E
OSCE meeting- Freedom of the media
Vienna
24-27
W
29
W
IPI World Congress:" The situation of the Russian Media" Algeria Seminar
Moscow
Algiers
June
1-9
E
FNSI 90th Anniversary
Rome
4-6
E
FAPE Congress
6 25
E
SJU Congress
8
E
9
W
9-13
E
OBN meeting
11-12
E
12-14
E
18-24
E- W
19
W
IMRAX meeting
21-22
E
IDEA 4th Electoral Management Bodies meeting
Swedish Union of Journalists' Congress
Workshop on Media and Drug
ETUC Executive Committee
6th Round table on Independent Media and transition in Democracy
EU- India meeting
Stockholm
New York Sarajevo Brussels Belgrade
Delhi London
Stockholm
26-28
E
EFJ Steering Committee
EFJ/ IFJ Annual General Meeting
30
E
Jet Pilot- 1st management meeting
Zagreb
London
July
24
E
Royaumont process meeting
Brussels
28-31
ME
Federation of Arab Journalists meeting
Alexandria
12-13
Aug
5
W
FENAJ congress
13-16
ME
Mission to Palestine
28
E
ICEMU meeting
29
W
IMRAX meeting
Rio Palestine
Venice
London
Sept

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3
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12
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OBN Governing Council meeting ETUC Steering Committee
EFJ Steering Committee meeting
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
16
E
Project meeting on Eastern Europe, Council of Europe
Strasbourg
21
E
ETUC meeting on Multilateral Agreement on Investment( MAI)
21-22
W
" Caught in the Act: Corruption and the Media" MFD Seminar
24
E
Meeting with The Dutch Journalists Union, NVJ
Brussels Brussels Amsterdam
24
E
Musenet Forum
25
E
26
E
Presentation of the ETUC Website on European Works Council Directive Authors' Rights Expert Group Meeting( AREG)
Brussels
28-29
E
Workshop on" Good and Bad practices regarding the image of women in the Strasbourg media", CoE
30
E
E
French unions meeting on Authors' Rights
Paris
Oct
1-3
W
5-6
CEE
" Ethical and Societal Challenges of Cyberspace", Info- Ethics Unesco Legal Assistance Project meeting
Monte Carlo
8-9
E
9-10
E
12-13
E
14
E
15
ME
16
E
18-20
CEE
Independent Media Commission/ Meeting with Bosnian Associations
21
E
NUJ Paris Branch 50th anniversary
21
W
International Institute for News Safety( NUJ)
21-25
E
22-23
E
23
E
24-29
E
IG Medien Congress
25-31
W
Visit to IFJ unions in Venezuela, Guatemala, Mexico
25-1
AF
26-27
W
Media for Democracy in Africa, Togo, Senegal, Burkina Faso IDEA: The Future of Electoral Observation conference
27-28
E
European programmes in the digital area, EBU
ETUC Executive Committee
EFJ Authors' Rights Conference on Moral Rights
FNSI meeting on Freedom of the Press in the Mediterranean countries " Media and the Construction of Social Reality", by autonomous Govt of Cataloña Discussion between Palestinians to reformat the Arab Journalists' Association First National Round Table of the European Monitoring Centre on RaCEEm and Xenophobia
Euro- MEI, PSI, EFJ, ETUC Central Europe Conference
Group of Specialists on Media Law and Human Rights meeting, CoE Project meeting
Zagreb Brussels
Rome
Florence Barcelona Cairo
London
Banja Luka, Saraj. Paris
London Bucarest Strasbourg Milano Würzburg
LA
Africa
Copenhagen
Brussels
28-29
30
EE
" Independent Journalism: the Case for a Union" seminar, CoE
Vologda
" Opportunities for the 21st Century launching a Strategy Alliance for a sustainable Copenhagen Information Society", by the European Environment Agency
Nov
2-5
E
DJV Congress
6-7
E
Irish Delegate Conference, NUJ Ireland
6-8
E
EFJ Freelance Experts Group meeting( FREG)
9
W
ITS Meeting
12-13
W
Administrative Committee meeting
Nurenberg
Dublin
Milano
Geneva
Brussels
14-15
W
Executive Committee meeting
13-14
CEE
Tolerance Human Rights and Press Freedom, Intl Congress of Journalists of CEE & Baltic countries
Moscow
16-18
E
" Journalismus in Gemeinsamen Europa" seminar( Bayerischer Journalisten Kochel( D)
Verband)
19
E
ETUC Steering Committee
19-20
W
Reporting Diversity Round Table
Brussels
London
2

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19-20
W
UN World Television Forum: The Future of the audiovisual memory of the 20th New York Century
20
E
Jet Pilot meeting
24
CEE
OBN Governing Council Meeting
Dublin
Brussels
26
E
Media Conference: Opportunities and Limits of European Media Policy, Hans Brussels Bredow Institute
26-29
CEE
28
E
PHC21 Everybody's Business Conference by World Health Organisation EFJ/ IFJ Steering Committee
Almaty
Brussels
28-29
E
Media and Freedom of Expression during the Elections in Turkey, seminar by CJA Istanbul and Article 19
Dec
3-5
AS
South Asia Regional Conference on Media Convergence& the Asia Economic Kathmandu Crisis
8
CO 8
E
ME
Interactive Electronic Publishing, EC Arab Press Club meeting
Luxembourg
London
10
CEE
Xenophobia and Media conference by Foundation for the Freedom of Speech and Prague IFJ Czech Union
11
E
NUJ/ EFJ Broadcasting Day
London
11-12
W
International Seminar on Investigative Journalism and the Exposure of Corruption
London
12
E
EFJ Authors' Rights Experts Group Meeting( AREG)
Brussels
15-16
E
ETUC Executive Committee
Brussels
16-17
E
" Journalism and Conflict" seminar, CoE
Stavropol
17
E
Freelance meeting with MEPs, organised by SNJ- CGT and EFJ
Paris
1999
Jan
7-8
AF
FES seminar on New Information Technology
7-10
W
11
E
13-15
W
ITS General Conference
18-19
W
15Co- operation Sports and Development Conference
Safety Committee Meeting
Accra Cape Town
London
Rome
UNESCO Meeting on Sexual Abuse of Children, Child Pornography& Paedophilia Paris on the Internet
29-2
W
Sports and Development Conference
Cape Town
30-31
W
Article 19 Seminar on Media and Freedom of Expression during the elections in Turkey
Istanbul
Feb
4
W
CIOR Symposium on The Law of war
Brussels
5-6
W
IMRAX meeting
Helsinki
5-6
E
Jet Pilot Workshop
Manchester
8
E
Social Dialogue meeting with the EBU
Brussels
13
E
Authors' Rights Expert Group Meeting( AREG)
Brussels
17-19
E
Council of Europe- Meeting of the Group of Specialists on Media Law and Human Strasbourg Rights
18
AF
Media For Democracy in Nigeria Project, Preparatory meeting
London
24-26
E
26
E
Council of Europe, First meeting of the Group of Specialists on Media Pluralism ETUC Negotiation Group on Fixed- Term Contract
Strasbourg
27-28
E
EFJ Steering Committee Meeting
Brussels Brussels
March
1
W
NGO consultation meeting on the societal impact of the new information and Paris communication technologies, Unesco
2-4
CEE
Russia: Project activity meeting with JUR, Meeting with Central Asia leaders
Moscow
3

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31
E
7-16
AF
11
W
12
W
IFJ PRIZE Second Jury meeting
1
Media For Democracy Project, Mission to Nigeria
International Institute of News Safety Meeting
IFJ NATALI PRIZE
Brussels
12
W
13-17
AS
Labour Society International meeting
Follow- up on Child guidelines, LO- TCO TUDP, EU- India
Lagos
Brussels
Brussels
London
New- Delhi
15-16
E
Council of Europe Workshop on European Standards on Media Freedom( IMC, Strasbourg Bosnia)
19
E
-
IFJ Prize European Media Forum
Strasbourg
20-21
E
European conference on the Contents of Journalists' Authors' Rights in the Globalised Era, SDJ
Lisboa
23-26
W
Unesco, IPDC Intergovernmental Council Meeting
Paris
25
E
26-30
CEE
Jet Pilot Management Meeting
Discussion meeting with the Czech Union of Journalists
Brussels Praha
April
8-9
W
15-16
E
19-23
W
UN Commission on Human Rights
IFEX Annual Meeting
23-26
AS
Royaumont Project- Meeting on Broadcasting
IFJ- FES Seminar in Sri Lanka
Geneva
Zagreb
23-25
E
24
E
26
E
Freelance Experts Group Meeting( FREG)+ Meeting of the Survey's Group Symposium of the Journalists' Unions of the 6 countries candidates to the EU Transparency Conference, EFJ+ European Parliament+ Statewatch
Cape Town
27
W
IFJ Projects Strategies for 2000 and Beyond
Colombo
Brussels
Cyprus
Brussels
Brussels
May
2
E
EFJ Steering Committee
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World Press Freedom Day
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Brussels
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23
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Council of Europe Conference on Journalists Editorial and Human Rights Colloqium on Authors' Rights( SNJ)
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Council of Europe, Group of Specialists on Media Pluralism
27-28
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IPI Conference dealing with Media Credibility
27-28
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Finland's EU Presidency, Conference on Copyright
28-29
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Russia- JUR Trade Union Development Seminar
29-30
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Congress of the Swiss union of Journalists, CoMedia
Vilnius Paris
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Vienna
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Barcelona
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European Council, Council of Ministers
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Brussels
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Brussels
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Tokyo
28
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London
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EFJ Steering Committee
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Stockholm
18
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21
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Royaumont Project- Soros Conference
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Warsaw
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Brussels
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Brussels
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Geneva
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Freelance Experts Group Meeting( FREELANCE EXPERTS GROUP)
UN Commission on Human Rights( 56th Session)
ETUC Executive Committee Meeting
Brussels
St. Moritz
Brussels
Belgrade
Brussels
Bonn
Brussels
Geneva
Brussels
21-22
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LO- TCO Seminar, Bosnia- Herzegovina
Banja Luka
21-24
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Unesco, IPDC Meeting
Paris
23-24
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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe- Second Szeged Conference, Hungary ETUC: Meeting on the revision of the Directive on European Works Councils
Szeged
Brussels
30
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Women's Working Party Meeting
Brussels
April
2
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EFJ Steering Committee
3-4
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MFD in Nigeria Project, WAJA Conference
3-7
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ICFTU Congress
LO- TCO Seminar, Nigeria
6-9
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Annual Meeting of the NUJ( ADM)
17
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IFJ Prize, 2d Jury Meeting
27
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Serbia Campaign- Defence Committee Meeting
Brussels
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Brussels
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27
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Stockholm
May
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Brussels
World Press Freedom Day
3
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Giornata Internazionale della Liberta'Di Informazione
4-5
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Unesco Round- Table on" Media in conflict and post- conflict areas"
Firenze Geneva
8-9
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National Council of the Norwegian Union of Journalists
Oslo
11
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IFJ Prize Ceremony, European Parliament
Brussels
12
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ETUC Steering Committee
Brussels
12
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Authors' Rights Summit, 4th Organizing Committee
London
13
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Campaign for Broadcasting Freedom Conference
London
16-17
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Council of Europe Meeting on Ethics
Moscow
18-19
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Media Groups in Europe" Positions, strategies and states on the eve of Brussels convergence"
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Brussels London
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Valencia
Nüremberg Roma
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International Congress Catholic Journalists, Meeting with the Pope
Roma
6
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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Consultative Meeting with NGOs and Thessaloniki Private donor community
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Meeting of the Stability Pact Regional Table
Thessaloniki
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Media Solidarity Programme, Discussions with partners( Macedonian Press Macedonia Center)
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11
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IFJ ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
London
12-13
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IFJ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
London
14-16
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Authors' Rights World Summit
London
15
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Digital Press Meeting, DJF( Denmark)
Aarhus
18-20
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Regional Seminar in India( Lo- TCO) on Globalisation and New Technologies Asia Regional Women's Journalists Conference( IFJ Tokyo Office) Seminar on Digital Press, FNSI( Italy)
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Tokyo
Milano
26
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Yerevan
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11
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Press Conference on Transparency( EP)
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Nicosia
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Brussels
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31
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Brussels
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566
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Geneva
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Geneva
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Bahia
15
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Brussels
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EFJ Steering Committee
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" Access to documents of the EU institutions: the key to a more democratic and Brussels efficient Union", EP
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ETUC Steering Committee
Brussels
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Seminar on Journalistic Ethics
Pristina
25
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Collective Bargaining Meeting( COBEG)
Brussels
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IFJ- CoE Seminar on" Journalists Safety", Ohrid
Fyrom
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29
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Council of Europe meeting with NGOs
29
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Tourism and Child Abuse- Challenge to the Media and the Industry" Conference Council of Europe Safety Training workshop
Brussels
Ohrid
1 Oct
Oct
2-4
E
2-4
CEE
Freelance Experts Group Meeting( FREELANCE EXPERTS GROUP) IREX Election training programme
Brussels
Pristina
4-5
CEE
Media solidarity Project( Macedonian press center)
Skopje
10-12
CEE
11-12
11-13
17
EEE
" Free Media in Southeast Europe": Protection of Journalists, Prevention of Sarajevo Conflict and Reconciliation conference, organized by the CoE and the OSCE Social and Trade Union Rights in Today's Enlarging Eur, ETUC Seminar
Bratislava
" All Different, all equal: from principle to practice", RaCEEm CoE Conference
EU- NGO CFSP Contact Group meeting on« EU transparency in security and the defence>>>
Brussels
Strasbourg
17-20
E
II Congreso de la Federación de Comunicación y Transporte de CC.00
18
E
Meeting on Project Co- operation with NVJ and FNV
Barcelona
Amsterdam
18
W
International Conference" Social protection in the CEEC in the light of Brussels enlargement"
18-21
CEE
Legal Assistance Programme, regional training workshop
22-25
W
IFJ Colombia Mission
Opatijja
Bogota
22-24
CEE
24-25
W
Trade Union Development Seminar
Business and Human Rights Meeting, organized by the International Council on HR Policy
Banja Luka
25
CEE
Media Task Force meeting
25-26
E
ETUC Executive Committee
25-31
CEE
Overview trip to Russia( assessment of projects)
25-27
E
ETUC Executive Committee
Geneva
Bucarest
Brussels
Russia
Brussels
25-27
ME
26-27
W
9th Conference of the FAJ," Defending Free Arab Press Meeting of GAL- FIP
Amman BarquisiMeto
26-29
W
PISA Seminar( in parallel with Gal- Fip)
27-28
E
Media and Democracy in Europe
29-31
CEE
IFJ Mission in Belgrade
Milano Belgrade
Nov
23
2-3
W
Women International Congress, organized by Fatpren
3
E
Authors' Rights Campaign+ Authors' Rights Expert Group Meeting( AREG)
La Plata
Brussels
9

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Copenhagen
6
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CEE
23.
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-
Unesco international seminar on" 10 Years After The Media in Transition Zagreb Lessons in Central and Eastern Europe: A New Strategy for Independent and Pluralistic Media in Croatia"
11
12
EE
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EFJ Future Committee meeting
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Brussels
Brussels
13
E
EFJ Steering Committee
12-16
W
13
E
2d World Conference for media professionals in a globalised sports society ETUC meeting on telework
Brussels
13-15
W
15
W
INFOéthique 2000: Droit à l'accès universel à l'information au 21e siècle News World 2000, Focus session: Journalists in peril
Copenhagen Brussels
Paris Barcelona
15-16
E
Les droits des auteurs et leur administration en Europe, Conference of the Strasbourg Creators' Organisations
15-16
W
News World Barcelona- The Global News Forum 2000
Barcelona
24-25
W
Unesco and the Culture of Peace
Paris
27-28
E
The Media and Human Rights, Review Seminar, organized by The Media and International Council on Human Rights in Geneva
Geneva
Dec
4
W
Unesco meeting celebrating Helsinki Treaty Anniversary
7
W
" Organising On- line/ On- line organizing" Seminar
8( am)
W
IFJ ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
8-9
W
IFJ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
13-14
E
ETUC Executive Committee
14-15
E
18-19
AS
Union meeting with FES Poland( with IG Medien and the Norwegian union) Asian Regional conference on Authors' rights
Hong Kong
Paris
Sydney
Sydney
Sydney
Warsaw
2001
Jan
10-11
W
ITS General Conference
Vienna
12
W
IFJ- FES Annual meeting
Bonn
12-13
E
3rd Conference of Journalists of the Mediterranean region
Athens
15
E
Collective Bargaining Meeting( COBEG)
Brussels
22-24
CEE
Trade Union Development Programme in Romania
Bucarest
26-28
W
Meeting of International Media Support Group, established by Danish Union of Copenhage Journalists
29
W
UNI meeting on" Vivendi Universal Agreement"
Geneva
Feb
2
E
1. Europe Aid, European Commission
Brussels
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3. European Commission External Relations, Meeting
8
W
UN Information Center on preparation for the UN anti- raCEEm conference Brussels
( meeting)
9
W
Meeting with the ILO Director General
9
CEE
Unesco Helsinki Treaty Anniversary Meeting
11-13
CEE
IFJ Mission to Hungary
12
W
12
E
IFJ Women working party meeting
Freelance Experts Group Meeting( FREG)
Geneva
Paris
Budapest Brussels
Paris
12
CEE
Media Task Force- Professional Group Consultative Meeting
Brussels
14
E
ETUC Steering Committee
Brussels
10

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14
W
Unesco, 1st consultative meeting of the institutionalized Civil Society on Information technology
Paris
15
W
Freedom Forum Working Seminar on" Bringing to Justice those who murder Journalists"
London
18
E
EFJ Steering Committee Meeting
Brussels
23-24
CEE
Bulgaria: Ethics and self regulation
Sofia
27
E
European Parliament meeting on Access to Documents
Brussels
28-4/ 3
CEE
Seminar on Ethics and Self- regulation
Sofia
March
3
35
W
5
E
Eight meeting" Tourism and Child Prostitution" Task Force Transparency International Meeting
Berlin
Berlin
8-99
E
EC workshop on" Media Content Industries in the multimedia era: Changing Barcelona employment and skill patterns”
12-13
CEE
OSCE meeting- Freedom of Expression: New and Existing challenges
Vienna
14
E
( 1)
" The value of Creative Rights in 21st Century Broadcasting", by the Creators' Copyright Coalition
London
14
E
NUJ conference on" The Value of Creative Rights in 21st Century Broadcasting"
London
16-18
CEE
Safety Training Workshop
Bucharest
21-22
E
ETUC Executive Committee
Brussels
23-24
W
IFJ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Brussels
25
E
EFJ Steering Committee Meeting
Brussels
28-29
AF
MFD Africa meeting on" Monitoring Media Freedom Violations in West Africa", Mali UJAO
Bamako
29-1/ 4
E
NUJ Annual Delegates Meeting
Scarborough
April
9
W
Women Working Party meeting
9
E
20
W
LO- TCO Annual Meeting
21
E
23-26
World
24
W
European Works Councils( EWC) Working Party Meeting
Authors Rights Experts Group Meeting( AREG)
ICFTU- ORIT XV Congress" Decent Jobs, Strong Unions, Just Societies
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Brussels
Brussels
Stockholm
Brussels Washington London
May
3
W
Unesco World Press Freedom Day
3
E
EFJ Steering Committee Meeting
4-5
E
EFJ General Meeting
11
E
50th Anniversary of DJU( IG- Medien)
Windhoek Saint Vincent
Saint Vincent
Köln
14-20
W
18
E
Third United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries ETUC Executive Committee Meeting
18
E
Collective Bargaining Experts Group Meeting( COBEG)
21
E
Authors' Rights Experts Groups Meeting( AREG)
26
W
ICFTU Steering Committee Meeting
28-31
CEE
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30-31
W
ICFTU Projects Committee Meeting
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
Warsaw
Brussels
June
5-8
W
IFEX Annual Meeting
Bangkok
5-21
W
89th Session of the International Labour Conference
10
W
IFJ Public Service Broadcasting Meeting
11
W
IFJ conference on Equality and Quality: Setting Standards for Women in Journalism
24th World IFJ Congress" JOURNALISM IN THE INFORMATION AGE"
Geneva
Tokyo
Seoul
11

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October
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13-14
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Brussels
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ETUC Steering Committee
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1354
Hall
Kong
Brussels
Brussels
15000
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Part One- Appendix 3, Membership figures 1998-2000
UNION
Membership 1998
Membership 1999
Membership 2000
Difference 98-2000
Albania- APJA
300
Albania- APJA
300
Albania- APJA
300
0
Albania- LAJ
822
Albania- LAJ
822
Albania- LAJ
822
0
Angola
360
Angola
360
Angola
360
0
Algeria
100
Algeria
100
Algeria
400
300
Argentina
8000
Argentina
8000
Argentina
8000
0
Armenia
750
Armenia
750
Armenia
750
0
Australia
8350
Australia
8350
Australia
8021
-329
Austria
3930
Austria
Belarus( 10,12,97)
202
Belarus
Belgium
3000
Benin
80
Belgium Benin
Bosnia Herceg.- RBHJU
1280
Bosnia Herceg.- RBHJU
Bosnia Herceg.- IUPJ
102
Bosnia
317
Bosnia Herceg.- IUPJ Bosnia
3260 202 3000 80 1280 102
Austria
3260
-670
Belarus assoc. Of Journ. Belgium
202
0
3000
Benin
80
Bosnia Herceg.- RBHJU Bosnia Herceg.- IUPJ
1280
102
317
Bosnia
334
17
Assoc.Jour.Rep.Srpska
Assoc.Jour.Rep.Srpska
Assoc.Jour.Rep.Srpska
Bosnia Indep. Un. Rep.Srpska
92
Bosnia Indep. Un. Rep.Srpska
92
Bosnia Indep. Un. Rep.Srpska
99
92
0
Bosnia Herceg.- ACJ
147
147
Brasil 17000
Botswana
40
Bulgaria- Podkrepa
289
Brazil 17000 Botswana Bulgaria Podkrepa
Mostar Brazil
9500
-7500
40
Botswana
40
0
289
Bulgaria- Podkrepa
193
-96
Bulgaria- BJU
3000
Bulgaria- BJU
3000
Bulgaria- BJU
3000
0
Burkina Faso
100
Burkina Faso
100
Burkina Faso
100
Cambodia KJA
290
Cambodia
290
Cambodia KJA
290
Cambodia League
1000
Cambodia League
1000
Cambodia League
1000
Canada- FNC
1500
Canada TNG( C.E.P.)
3500
Ottawa
Canada- FNC Canada- TNG( C.E.P.) Ottawa
1500
3500
Canada- FNC Canada- TNG( C.E.P.)
1500
3500
TNG Canada/ CWA Ottawa
2277
TNG Canada/ CWA
2277
Ottawa TNG Canada/ CWA
2277
0
Columbia
85
Ottawa Columbia
Ottawa
85
Columbia
85
0
Costa Rica
230
Costa Rica
230
Costa Rica
201
-29
Croatia
2759
Croatia
2759
Croatia
2869
110
Cyprus
360
Cyprus
360
Cyprus
381
21
Czech Republic
3904
Czech Republic
3904
Czech Republic
3500
-404
Denmark
7536
Dominican Republic
1800
Denmark Dominican Republic
7536
1800
Denmark Dominican Republic
7961
425
1800
0
Ecuador
1800
Ecuador
1800
0
-1800
Estonia
680
Estonia
680
Estonia
518
-162
Ethiopia
87
Ethiopia
87
Ethiopia
82
-5
Fiji
60
-60
Finland
9749
Finland
9749
Finland
9726
-23
France CFDT
500
France CFDT
500
France- CFDT
600
100
France- CGT
691
France CGT
692
France CGT
710
France- FO
149
France- FO
149
France- FO
290
141
France- SNJ
1300
France- SNJ
1300
France- SNJ
1500
200
Gambia
156
Gambia
156
Georgia
1354
Georgia
1354
Gambia Georgia
156
1354
Georgia( IJATU)
137
Germany- DJV
16950
Germany- IG Medien
15000
Germany- DJV Germany- IG Medien
16950
15000
Germany- DJV Germany- IG Medien
34600
15000
---19
00
17650
0
Ghana Great Britain+ Ireland
800 17000
Ghana Great Britain+
800
17000
Ireland( agreement)
Ghana Great Britain+ Ireland( agreement)
800
0
20000
3000
Greece- JUADN
2233
Greece- UPPJ
364
Greece- JUADN Greece- UPPJ
2233
364
Greece- JUADN Greece- UPPJ
2846
613
400
36
Greece Panhellenic
753
Greece Panhellenic
753
Greece Panhellenic
753
0
Haiti
187
Haiti
187
187
Honduras- Sitinpress
45
Honduras- Sitinpress
100
Honduras- Sitinpress
100
55
Honduras- Asoc Prensa
200
Honduras- Asoc Prensa
200
Honduras- Asoc Prensa
200
0
Hong Kong
659
Hungary- AHJ
4200
Hong Kong Hungary- AHJ
659
Hong Kong
580
-79
4213
Hungary- AHJ
5200
1000
Hungary- HPU
1244
Hungary- HPU
823
Hungary-HPU
815
-429
Hungary- CHJ
880
Hungary- CHJ
688
Hungary- CHJ
495
-385
Iceland
262
Iceland
278
Iceland
278
16
India- IJU India- NUJ
9000
India- IJU
9000
India- IJU
2000
-7000
3000
India- NUJ
7000
India- NUJ
7500
4500
India- AINE
2500
2500
Indonesia
500
Indonesia
155
Indonesia
565
65

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068
gnox gooH
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LHA- vaagnu
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U9H- Venu
LHO- yapu
BTS
bns
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0008
ULLUM- albol
000T
LUM- Bibl
0008
LUM- sibni
008
282
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sizenobal

Iran
1700
1700
Israel
1690
Israel
1690
Israel
1690
0
Italy
8510
Italy
8670
Italy
8670
160
Ivory Coast
300
Ivory Coast
300
Ivory Coast
300
0
Japan- JCMMWU
4400
Japan- JCMMWU
4400
Japan- JCMMWU
4400
0
Japan- Mimpororen
1500
Japan- Mimpororen
1500
Japan- Shimbun Roren
12000
Japan- Shimbun Roren
3000
Japan- Mimpororen Japan- Shimbun Roren
1500
0
3000
-9000
Kenya
350
Kenya
350
Kenya
350
0
Korea
2000
Korea
2000
Korea
2000
0
Kosova
220
Kosova
220
Kosova( Yugoslavia)
220
0
Kyrghyz- PAJ
128
128
Latvia
810
Latvia
810
Latvia
523
-287
Liberia Press Union
Liberia Press Union
232
Liberia Press Union
232
232
Lithuania Journ.Union
1341
Lithuania Journ. Union
800
Lithuania Journ.Union
830
-511
Luxembourg
Macedonia
133 1200
Luxembourg
150
Luxembourg
147
14
Macedonia
1200
-1200
MadagascarALJM 40
Madagascar
40
Madagascar- ALJM
40
0
Malaysia
1200
Madagascar( OJM) Malaysia
169
Madagascar
200
200
1200
Malaysia
1200
0
Mali
150
150
Mauritius Maurice Mexique( SNRP)
31
Mauritius
33
Mauritius
33
2
50
Maurice
50
Maurice
50
0
Mexique( SNRP)
240
Mexique( SNRP)
240
240
Moldova
1050
-1050
Mongolia
251
Mongolia
270
Mongolia
270
19
Morocco
603
Morocco
603
Morocco
603
0
Mozambique
595
-595
Netherlands
5838
Netherlands
6600
Netherlands
7500
1662
New Zealand
1150
New Zealand
1150
New Zealand
1150
0
Nicaragua
84
Nicaragua
84
Nicaragua
84
0
Niger
272
Niger 272
Niger
272
0
Nigeria
15000
Nigeria
15000
Nigeria
15000
0
Norway
7210
Norway
7571
Norway
7800
590
Pakistan
88
-88
Palestine- AJA/ GUPWJ
520
Palestine AJA
-
520
Palestine- AJA
520
0
Panama
126
Panama
126
126
Paraguay
370
Paraguay
400
Paraguay
400
30
Peru
1759
Peru
655
Peru
655
-1104
Poland
1700
Poland
2100
Poland- PJU
2300
600
Poland- SD
7800
7800
Portugal
2200
Portugal
2200
Portugal
2200
0
Romania
1518
Romania
3112
Romania
3112
1594
Russia
17000
Russia
17000
Russia
17000
El Salvador
120
El Salvador
120
El Salvador SPSS
120
00
Sao Tome SJS
47
Sao Tome SJS
40
40
Senegal
460
Senegal
500
Senegal
500
40
Sierra Leone
60
Sierra Leone
60
Sierra Leone- AIJ
60
0
Sierra Leone- SLAJ
150
150
Slovakia
1368
Slovenia
870
Slovakia Slovenia
1793
Slovakia
1958
590
939
Slovenia
1085
215
South Africa- SAUJ
1209
South Africa- SAUJ
665
South Africa- SAUJ
618
-591
South Africa- MWASA
400
South Africa- MWASA
500
South Africa- MWASA
500
100
Spain- FAPE
5367
Spain- FAPE
5130
Spain- FAPE
5073
-294
Spain FC
180
Spain FC
100
Spain FC
100
-80
Spain ELA/ STV
100
Spain- ELA/ STV
190
Spain- ELA/ STV
195
95
Sri Lanka- UJSL
550
Sri Lanka UJSL
550
-550
Sri Lanka- SLWJA
640
Sri Lanka SLWJA
640
Sri Lanka- SLWJA
640
0
Sri Lanka- SLPA
1412
Sri Lanka- SLPA
1412
Sri Lanka- SLPA
0
-1412
expelled
Sweden
15537
Sweden
15401
Switzerland- FSJ
5686
Switzerland- SJU
1397
Taiwan assoc,
Tanzania Union of J.
62
Switzerland- FSJ Switzerland- SJU Taiwan assoc, Tanzania Union of J. Thailand
5616 1521 274
Sir Lanka FEM Sweden Switzerland- FSJ Switzerland- CoMedia
400
400
15381
-156
5212
-474
1678
281
Taiwan assoc,
274
274
750
Tanzania Union of J.
750
688
1000
Thailand
1000
1000
Togo
26
Togo
26
Togo
56
30
Tunisia
228
Tunisia
400
Tunisia
400
172
Turkey- CGD
2000
Turkey- CGD
1000
Turkey- CGD
1000
-1000
Turkey- TGS
400
Turkey- TGS
400
Turkey- TGS
400
0
Uganda Ukraine
530
Uganda
410
Uganda
405
-125
5400
Ukraine
5400
Ukraine
5400
0
U.S.A- TNG U.S.A. WGAE
10800 1000
Uruguay( new 99) U.S.A- TNG U.S.A. WGAE
410
10800 1000
-
Uruguay APU U.S.A- TNG U.S.A. WGAE
410
410
10800
0
1000
0

DOTT
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0008
Byne
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( sivalecguy) avORON LAR- Sygn
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000S
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sinsurtil
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MLJA 808apabsM
COR
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ala
authueM
02
02
DAS
( 92) eupleM
( AM2) supiaM
siloprol
OTS
alloprot
slognoM
0088
0315
STS
Apexsoil тері
+8
ETS
00031
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RTS 00037
пер
shspi
88
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OTE
Bat
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basio
bitelo9
03- bnelo9
009%
lepuhoq
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lep
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lapuhoq
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slecul
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2898 obevise B
ob
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legener
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mela
00
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ablavol2
sinsvola
ainavola
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eblevola ainavola
LAB
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east
LUAB- 50
rtupe
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ABAWM
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09 niage
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ALWJB
ALW18AR18- sxna h8
A92ha he
ALW 12- sons ha
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bell
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MER
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nebow2
nebow2
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8882
siboMo brishe
sar
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ATS
0001
per 0001
ton
L to
U sinsspat
0001
bhallan
89
onoT
05
alein/ T
aleinut
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abnspU
008
0048
USA yauguU
OFA
0080
( 83 wen) yaugunt DMT- A.2.U
0080
000 AOW-A.eu
0001 BAOW A.Bu
0001
OKT- A.B.U
BAOW- A.BU

PAR
U.S.A. NWU
300
U.S.A. NWU
300
300
Venezuela
600
Venezuela
600
Venezuela
650
50
Yugoslavia IJAS
650
Yugoslavia-
920
IJAS( Serbia)
Decis
Yugoslavia-
920
270
IJAS( Serbia)
Yugoslavia AITUJ
800
Yugoslavia AITUJ
800
Montenegro
52
Montenegro
83
2001
Yugoslavia- AITUJ
800
0
Beograd
Montenegro
83
31
Montengro trade union
90
90
Zambia
102
Zambia
600
Zambia
600
498
Zimbabwe
300
Zimbabwe
300
Zimbabwe
300
0
TOTAL 314260
TOTAL 310929
TOTAL
328982
14585
Sac Tor ST& P
Admi
Bulgaria
Up- gra
Seri
Upgraded
Unions
129
Countries
98
Unions with expelled counted Countries with expelled counted
132
Unions
138
9
136
101
with expelled counted Countries
146
104
60
103
with expelled counted
106
Members
450000
450000
450000
Members declared
314260
310929
328982
14722
Applicat
National Ins Application
Bosni
Admi
Admitted
but

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PART ONE- Appendix 4. Applications for IFJ Membership IFJ Executive Committee Decisions on
Membership 1998-2001
Brussels, 14-15 Nov 1998
Union of Journalists of Ukraine
Up- grade delayed.
Federation of Yugoslav Journalists:
Application rejected.
UK: Chartered Institute of Journalists( IOJ)
mbA
A letter submitted by Jim Boumelha on behalf of the NUJ explaining their objections against admission of the IOJ was circulated and the Administrative Committee proposal was amended to reject the application unanimously.
Sao Tome e Principe: Sindicato dos Jornalistas e Técnicos da Communicação Social de ST& P
Admitted as Associate Member.
Bulgaria:
Podkrepa membership maintained.
Further information sought on application of the Union of Journalists in Bulgaria but not to admit them at this time.
Bosnia- Herzegovina Journalists Union:
Up- graded to Full Member.
Serbia: LJAS
Upgraded to Full Member.
Association of Slovak Journalists
Application rejected.
National Institute of Journalists of Uganda
Application rejected.
Bosnia- Herzegovina:
918
1) Association of Journalists of RS
Admitted as Full Member.
2) Independent Union of RS
Admitted as Associate Member.
edmsM
timbA
LA12 anos. 2
odmoM stripoaaA as bonimbA

Reporters' Association of Thailand vol enotnoilqgA. xibusqqA- MO TЯAT
Admitted as Associate Member.
2
20
α
settimmo svi
9X HI
Boston, 15-16 May, 1999 00s- 8eer qidatedmsM
Ukraine: UJU
Request for up- grade-- no action required..
Algeria: SNJ
Admitted as Full Member.
Beer
salsoluto ateilsuol to noinU boyslob obsig- qu
Uruguay: APU
Admitted as Full Member.
atallennol, valaoguY lo moltioba batojen moltsoilqqA
Kyrgyzstan: Public Association of Journalists Decision postponed.
IUM S
( Lol) alailamavol to stutitaal besed: XU lladsd Haded no mos mil yd bottimduz 1911el A
101 ddi lo nolazimbs
Bosnia- Herzegovina: Association of Croat Journalists in BiH Admitted as Associate Member on the condition that they join the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the other IFJ organisations.
Poland: SDRP
zob
aqiniris moT pa? этот 93 T2
Decision postponed awaiting further information about co- operation with the SDP. es bimbA
Uganda: NIJU:
No further action required following correspondence received.
arisglua
inism qideodmorgaqibo atailsmuol to noin or to noitsoilqgs no siguoa noitaamolni odn
Panama: Sindicato de Periodistas de Panama Up- graded to Full Membership
.omit air is modi timbs
noinU alallaiuol, anivogss 16dmM of bab
агод
Bulgaria: Union of Journalists of Bulgaria The Administrative Committee noted that the Union of Journalists of Bulgaria( an off- shoot from the existing member Podkrepa) had not renewed its application for IFJ membership.
lul of babargqU
Brussels, 27-28 November 1999
tailsmuo svolto noitatɔozzA booster mosoliqqA
India: All India Newspaper Employees Federation U to Admitted as Full Member subject to a clarification that they are representing journalists separately from IFJ members the journalists in their membership.
Mali: UNJM
Admitted as Associate Member
Sierra Leone: SLAJ
Admitted as Associate Member
anivogos H- aimeo 2Я lo aleileivel, lo monozzA( I pózzA 1sdm5M fluas belimbA
21 to moin insbnaqobal( S edmsM striozaA as botimbA
2

Congo: SNPP
It was agreed to postpone a decision seeking more information.
UK: Chartered Io.J
It was agreed to take a final decision at the next meeting pending the outcome of the meeting between the IFJ, the Chartered IOJ and the IFJ on December 20th.
Jim Boumelha pointed out that the application had been presented at the Executive Committee in November 1998 and had been rejected. The General Secretary explained that this was a new application on their part. The administrative committee had decided that it would be more useful to deal with this question in the United Kingdom. Soren Wormslev pointed out that apart of the arguments against their admission of owners and editors- in- chief there had been other arguments, for instance, their restrictive procedures for membership.
Kyrgyzstan: Public Association of Journalists
Admitted as Associate Member
Poland: SDRP
Admitted as Full Member subject to a meeting between the SDP, the SDRP and the General Secretary to resolve their main differences.
France: ANJRPC
Application rejected because they only represent a very small and specific group, which played a very ambiguous role and which was run by managers and owners. In addition, the photojournalists members of this organisation are already organised in the existing French affiliates of the IFJ.
Albania: League of Journalists
Following the correspondence received no further action was needed.
Kosovo: Association of Journalists of Kosova
It was agreed to postpone a decision until after the meeting of the IFJ with Kosovar journalists on December 18-19 in Pristina.
Cambodia: Khmer journalists league
Decision reported to next Executive Committee after IFJ President's mission to Cambodia.
A
Romania: Romanian Society
The General Secretary introduced the paper prepared by Ronan Brady and outlined the proposals. The Executive Committee endorsed the report and its proposals in principle and instructed the secretariat to look at ways of undertaking the activities proposed.
Camb Decisi
2
G
London, 12-13 June 2000
coin sbart insbasqebal: siveloguY
Co3

Kurdistan Union of Journalists:
पद्म The Executive Committee agreed to seek further information on and why the union does not have its headquarters in the Kurdish region of Iraq where they represent journalists. Further information will be sought on their status from NGOs active in the region. The Executive Committee agreed to write to say the IFJ is open to their membership but further information is needed. It might be possible to take a final decision at the next meeting.
dT
Ismuod mil
bbs 8001 sdmsvok
Pakistan Association of Journalists: The meeting questioned their level of representation in Pakistan. It was agreed to postpone a decision and to seek further information. lesup aidi lesb
Issh of
lo
sqs
Association of Iranian Journalists Admitted as Associate Member.
riod! Jenings subsoong svilpitas iods, sonani
boaA bildung adm
s benimbA
UK: Chartered IoJ
The Executive Committee noted correspondence from the NUJ in Great Britain and Ireland opposing the admission of the IOJ. It was noted that there was no constitutional objection to their admission. Although the Administrative Committee has reported to the Executive Committee that the Institute of Journalists was eligible for membership under the IFJ Constitution, it was not discussed further by the Executive.
The Executive Committee agreed to postpone a decision until the next meeting when a definite decision would be taken.
Congo: SNPP
No action required.
Poland: SDRP
Admitted as a Full Member.
bas 213
information about
Kosova: Association of Journalists of Kosova
gqA
Hamuojotorq 11s to asilitte
atellenzuolo suges.I: sinadiA BSVisos sonsbuoqen sill gewollo
lo noite
Admitted as Associate Member. It was also agreed that the Kosova Alliance, which had effectively ceased to operate in Kosovo, would be taken off the list of members and replaced by the AJK.
Murmansk Association of Journalists
of B
Application rejected because the Association is a regional body with no national character. A letter had been received from the Union of Russian Journalists opposing the application amo bas olging ni else
Trade Union of Journalists of Azerbaijan
Admitted as Full Member.
T
Talezoqorq
to ayaw is lool of si rosa od betonani
to a
they are representing journalists
alists in their chembership
Mali: UNIM
Sydney, 8-9 December 2000
000S smal, EI- SI.nobno.I
Leorret SL
Yugoslavia: Independent Trade Union of Journalists of Montenegro
Admitted as Full Member.
4

Georgia: Independent Association of Georgian Journalists
Admitted as an Associate Member.
Cyprus: 1) Union of the Press Workers" Basin- Sen"
2) Cyprus Turkish Journalists' Union
noilcollqgA
The Executive Committee agreed that it is currently not in a position to support the two applications and to instruct the secretariat to seek further information about these organizations and to clarify the representation of journalists in Northern Cyprus.
Greece: Association of Daily Newspaper Journalists of Macedonia
Association already member of the IFJ through its membership in the Panhellenic Federation. No further action was required.
Kurdistan: Union of Kurdistan Journalists
The Executive Committee adopted the following statement:
IFJ supports the fight for press freedom in Iraq, its members in the UK and Germany will support the work of the Kurdish journalists in exile but at this moment the IFJ cannot admit the organization into membership due to constitutional problems.
UK: Chartered Io.J
The Administrative Committee noted the correspondence from John Foster, no further action required as fresh efforts to obtain an understanding in the UK were underway. This would be further considered at the next meeting so that a decision is taken before Congress.
Pakistan: Pakistan Journalists' Association
No further action required.
Congo: Syndicat national des professionnels de presse( SNPP)
No further action required.
Somalia: Somali Journalists' Club
Application not complete.
Sri Lanka: Federation of Media Employees Trade Unions Admitted as a Full Member.
Brussels, 23-24 March 2001
Yugoslavia: Press Association of Serbia
Decision postponed.
Cambodia: Association for the Protection of Journalists
Decision postponed.
Freedom
Public
Germany
Telegraf
Greece: Association of Daily Newspaper Journalists of Thrace and Macedonia Admitted as a Full Member.
Union of Kurdistan Journalists
Co- operation with them would be developed. Actual situation of the UKJ in Northern Iraq should be investigated. Not admitted yet into membership.
5

UK: Chartered Institute of Journalists( IoJ)
lemool, asigros to nois ormation
does no
Application rejected.
ave.
Somali: Somali Journalists' Club
Application not yet completed.
Japan: Japan Freelance Journalists' Union
10
Not admitted yet into membership. IFJ affiliates in Japan invited to organise freelance journalists under their union umbrella.
bilage of bus
ybels noitsioozaA
Sri Lanka: Union of Journalists of Sri Lanka
OM
Not readmitted yet into membership. Additional information needed.
Albania: League of Albanian Journalists
gniw
Fees arrears paid. Readmitted into membership.
edT
que
Pakistan: National Union of Journalists
Fees arrears should be paid before readmission can proceeded.
Congot
No action required.
Poland: SDRP
Admitted as a Full Member
Sar
galbas
das) as boniuper
oobs lad os gritsom ixen edi
по
beniuper moitos do
( M2) sq sb alsanolaeslong asb lanoitan jasibing sogno beniupor noitos TodoM
Koso A
as As
of Journalists Kosova iate Member. It was
Kosovo, would be taken
Mamdoin
AIR
anola sbsiT savolqm3 sibeM to noitesbein
Appl
rejected
ation of Journalists ise the
I ha asdasM Ilus en bottimbA
a regional body with no national cha the Union of Russian Journalists opposing the application 1005 dol AS- ESalsa
A
Trade Union of Journalists
as Full Member.
baijan
aldss2 to noitsiboaA as: aivelzoguY
banoqtzoq noiaisⱭ
atallenzuol to noitasiori ad vol moitalozzA celbodme
bangla noizio
Sydney,
DoT to tellanol 199aqews list to moitaipozaA 1909910
Yugoslav Admpal
Independ
15dmsM Ilus as batimbA \ ர
Trade Union of Journalists of Montenegro aleilanigol, netalbio lo noinU nu od 30 noitentia lento A bogolovob ad bluow medi diw noite- 0 qidatedmem otni tay bottimbe to.betegitesvni od bluoria
6

PART ONE- Appendix 5, Press Releases
IFJ Press Releases
Sopter
Sept
1998
Oc
June 12th
-
( June 1998 March 2001)
IngA
June 18th
Threat to EU Social Actions in Defence of Human Rights,
Democracy and Cultural Freedom
Victory for Journalists in EU Secrecy Case
July 27th
La FIJ se Félicite du Dénouement de l'Affaire Mazafran ( Algeria)
PIS A
August 5th
IFJ Condemns Attacks on Journalists in Kosova
August 17th
September 9th September 18th
October 14th December 2nd December 22nd
IFJ Condemns Expulsion of German Journalist by Belgrade IFJ Raps UN' Bizarre Mix- up' for China Ban on Journalist Caught in the Act: Corruption and the Media
IFJ Pledges World Wide Protests over Serbian Press Ban Journalists Criticise British' Obstruction' Over Secrecy IFJ and IPI Condemn Killings of 50 Journalists in 1998
1999
February 12th
IFJ Condemns Zimbabwe for Arrests and Torture
February 25th February 26th
2000 February 27th
March 9th
January March 19th
March 24th
March 28th
March 29th
IFJ Warns Press Code for Bosnia Could Limit Press Freedom of IFJ Backs Strike over Jobs, Pay and the Future of Public Broadcasting( Canada)
Press Freedom and Investigative Journalism in Germany Under Threat Warn European Journalists
IFJ Condemns Five- Month Sentence for Dnevni Telegraf Workers( Serbia)
IFJ Prize 99: Journalism Winners as Europe Struggles Against Intolerance
IFJ Demands Release of Editor as Serbia Opens Fire on Media IFJ Plans Urgent Mission to Belgrade to Support Journalists IFJ Condemns Kosovo Media Murders:" Senseless Attack on
1

April 2nd
April 6th
Democracy and Human Rights"
подца- НИО ТЯАЧ
IFJ Condemns" Whispering Campaign" as Milosevic Seizes
Radio B92
2291
IFJ Calls for Safety First as Media are Caught in Kosovo Crossfire
Beer
April 9th
April 12th
April 21st
April 21st
IFJ Urges NATO Secretary General Not to bomb Serbian Media IFJ Condemns Curuvija's Murder and Warns that Attacks May Increase IFJ Protests at NATO Change of Policy on Media Targets After Belgrade Strike ( ahogIA) Free Expression Groups World- wide Protest Over NATO Attack on Belgrade Media
ol viol
# 81 saul lot
April 23rd
April 30th
May 3rd
IFJ Condemn NATO Bombing of Media: A Broken Promise That Threatens the Lives of all Journalists and Media Staff IFJ Action Plan to Aid Media Victims of War:' Telling Truth is First Step to Peace' altid saisithalaileminol
" I tauguA
geel al IFJ Calls on Outgoing Nigerian Authorities to Release NUJ Lagos Chairman
May 6th
IFJ Call for End to Media War
May 10th
May 12th
mob
sir
May 27th oild June 4th
June 14th a
August 5th
August 23rd
August 27th August 29th September 3rd
Journalists Under Fire as East Timor Votes
Three Journalists Killed in NATO Bombing of Chinese Embassy SUIFJ Welcomes Release of German Journalist After Mission to 82979 Belgrade
to IFJ Demands Release of Kosovo Journalists
Kosovo Fightback: Alliance of Journalists Relaunched IFJ Issues New Safety Alert after Killing of German Journalists IFJ Launches Safety Office for Journalists in East Timor
IFJ Condemns Jail Threat to Irish Journalist: Reporters are not Police Spies ( sids2)
gget IFJ Condemns Turkey's Television Ban:" Back to Censorship"
Journalists Pledge World- wide Campaign Over Jail Threat to Irish Reporter of
September 10th Basis Four Journalists Missing in East Timor
ET
ความ
M
2
eeer
as sinds

September 10th
September 22nd September 29th October 1st
October 8th
October 14th
October 20th
October 21st Sep
October 21st October 28th November 26th
December 3rd December 8th December 10th
December 22nd
IFJ Plea Over Four Missing Journalists As Media Pull Out of East Timor
IFJ Calls for UN Cover After Dutch Journalist Killed in E. Timor IFJ Plans Mission as Second Journalist is Killed in East Timor IFJ Calls on Publishers to Negotiate After Authors Rights Victory
IFJ Protests Over Jail Threat to TV Union Leaders Who Led Strike for Democracy( Korea)
IFJ Demands Arrest of Indonesian Soldiers Responsible for Killing Journalist
IFJ Protests Over Continued Media Harassment in Angola IFJ Condemns Murder of Turkish Journalist After Terror Bomb Attack
IFJ Welcomes Win for Photojournalists in Authors' Rights Battle Journalists Acclaim Irish Victory Over Protection of Sources From Jerusalem to Calgary: Journalists Condemn Conrad Black Assault on Media Union Rights
Press Cards Are for Journalism, Not Politics Warns IFJ IFJ Condemns Serbia's" New War" on Independent Media IFJ Backs German Strike:" Crucial Battle for Media Democracy and Rights"
87 Journalists and Media Staff Killed in' Infamous Year' of Murder and Conflict
2000
January 11th
January 20th
February 4th
February 7th
February 11th
New Media Giant: Dangers to Democracy in Rich- Poor Divide and Threats to Editorial Independence Says IFJ
IFJ Condemns Armed Invasion of International Press Centre in Nigeria
IFJ Condemns Russia Over Journalist Hostage Swap Deal IFJ Seeks Safety Guarantee Over Missing Russian Journalist IFJ Condemns Belgrade" Hysteria and Threats" Towards Media
3
A

February 11th February 28th March 2nd
March 2nd
March 2nd
March 21st
March 29th April 26th
April 26th
April 27th May 3rd
otted aidgi
May 5th
berm
May 5th
IFJ Protest Over Victimisation of Austrian Journalist
IFJ Calls for International Dialogue
Journalist Shot Dead in Chechnya
edmusiqs2
Sadmisiqs2 in Kosovo
9 Killed Journalists in First Weeks of 2000 World Survey on Freelance Journalism: Challenge for Unions and Employers
talfarol
Medis
60
19da0
Colombia Media War: 4 Reporters Killed in First Months of 2000 IFJ Condemns Terror Attacks on Spanish Journalists diano Iran Newspaper Closures" Challenge Press Freedom and After Democracy" IFJ Condemns" Confused and Dangerous" Press Law for Kosovo UA 1500150 IFJ Backs Lithuania Journalists in Row Over New Law on Media World Press Freedom Day 2000: IFJ Calls for Media World to Unite Against Violence
to no IFJ Calls for End to Harassment of Hunger Strike Journalist ( Tunisia)
May 7th
LET
May 16th
May 16th
IFJ Condemns New Calgary Lock- Out and Police Assault IFJ Deplores" Brutal, Cowardly Murder" of Spanish Journalist IFJ Condemns Raid on Moscow's Media- Most
1900
May 17th
West Bank/ Gaza: Journalists Injured in Clashes
bassy
May 25th our
IFJ Condemns Milosevic" Hysteria" Over Crackdown on Media
May 25th
May 25th
June 2nd
June 14th
June 16th
June 22nd
June 23rd
July 4th July 10th
IFJ Launches New Africa Project For Journalists
Killings Highlight Need for Risk- Awareness, Warns IFJ
Wattan TV Reopens After Palestinian Journalists Campaign 0005 Journalists Warn Over" Disturbing Tactics" to End Luxembourg Hostage Drama
ice for Journalists in
or
II visunst re not
IFJ Condemns Arrest of Media- Most's Gusinsky IFJ Urges UN Restraint Over Emergency Press Law in Kosovo IFJ Warns Again Over Police Pretending to be Journalists( USA) IFJ Accuses UN of" Dangerous Precedent" in Move to Control
Press in Kosovo
Protest Over Arrest of Italian News Team Before Euro Cup Final IFJ Condemns Assassination of Cuzco Journalist Leader
4

*
IFJ Concerned for Safety of Journalists in the Philippines Journalists Call for Sports Reporting Charter After TV Clash o With Police at Euro 2000 badatellanot
Journalists Condemn" Summertime Coup" as NATO Declares War on Open Government
IFJ Condemns" Sinister implications" of Spying Allegations Against Journalists in Liberia
July 11th
July 19th
July 27th
IFJ Welcomes Release of AVRUPA's Editor- in- Chief
Turkish Cypriot Journalists Arrested and Disappeared West Bank
July 27th
July 28th
IFJ Condemns Seven Year Sentence for Miroslav Filipovic IFJ Warns of New Phase in Milosevic Media War After Journalist Jailed and Radio Station Closed
July 28th
August 2nd
August 22nd
September 12th
September 18th
Mar
September 25th
September 26th
September 28th September 28th October 2nd October 2nd ad
October 9th
IFJ Condemns Kosovo Killing and Warns of" Tit- for- Tat" Violence Against Media
Journalists Attack Hypocrisy of Politicians Who" Talk Transparency, but Act Secretively"
Attacks on Press" sign of Milosevic desperation" Says the IFJ Dutch Journalist Held Hostage by Amsterdam Court Over Protection of Sources LHI IFJ Backs Strike for Press Freedom, Democracy in Yugoslavia IFJ Calls for United front in Battle to Free Dutch Journalist IFJ Warning as Journalists are Caught in West Bank Crossfire IFJ Calls on State Journalists in Yugoslavia to Join Movement for Democracy and Press Freedom
Journalists Call for Charter of Fundamental Rights to Guarantee Press Freedom M no
After the Olympics: New Debate on Media and Sports Balibo 25 Years of Brick Walls
October 10th
Dutch Journalist Released After Europe- wide Protests
October 11th
October 17th
October 20th
October 22nd
October 23rd
-
" Hands Off Media" IFJ Tells Israel and Palestine
IFJ Calls for' Fresh Start' to Defend Press Freedom and Human Rights in Colombia
Journalists Welcome Court Action Over Council Bid to
-Stiftung
4
5
Friedric

February
October 27th
" Sabotage" EU Open Government Commitment
Journalists Voice Dismay at Inter- American human Rights Declaration Over Media Concentration
November 13th November 24th
Moment of Truth for Transparency and Democracy in Europe Journalists Condemn Assassination of Editor in Mozambique: " We will not be silenced"
# 8S ylut
November 28th
December 4th
Turkish Cypriot Newspaper AVRUPA Firebombed Journalists Demand Overturn of Newspaper Ban in Morocco
December 12th OTA World Journalists Condemn Middle East Violence
JauguA
December 12th
December 19th
Crise au Maroc: Il faut reformer la Code de la Presse Lorenzo Natali Prize
December 19th
62 Die as Assassins Target Journalists in 2000
Media
December 29th
Journalists Call for Professional Solution to Czech TV Crisis
2001
January 2nd
January 10th
eleogu
January 10th
January 11th
January 26th
January 26th
January 26th 00
January 30th
February 5th
February 7th February 9th
February 16th
of big
90
Czech TV Strike a' Moment of Truth' for Press Freedom and Democracy says the IFJ malqs2 IFJ Welcomes End of Czech TV Blackout: Victory for Strikers and Broadcasting Reform
IFJ Condemns Attack on Voice of America Reporter in Nigeria Czech TV Victory-" An Inspiration to Journalists" Says IFJ 0 IFJ Sends Mission to Hungary Over Crisis in Public Television 50 IFJ Calls on Kostunica to Hold Public Inquiry Over RTS Deaths IFJ Condemns Belarus Over Crackdown on Right to Know IFJ Calls on Mugabe to Lift" terror siege" After Bombing IFJ Condemns Mugabe Over" Climate of Fear and Violence" o IFJ Calls for Urgent Reforms in Czech TV Battle
Secrecy at the World Bank: Journalists Call for Open Government
IFJ Backs Protest and a Strike Call of Bulgarian Radio Journalists
Leaders doo
6

February 20th
February 26th
March 2nd
March 13th
March 20th
Preamble March 22nd
March 26th
March 26th March 30th
To do
to
IFJ Call for End to Targeting of Journalists in the West Bank and Gaza
IFJ Calls for International Action to Free Liberian Journalists Charged With Spying
Zimbabwe Government Gives No Safety Guarantee to Journalists Amidst Restrictions on Foreign Media
als
IFJ Condemns Turkish Media Panic As Jobs Massacre Follows Cash Crisis
Macedonia Journalists Under Siege: IFJ Calls for Safety Guarantees and Issues Reporting Alert
IFJ Condemns Police Action and Sackings as Bulgarian Radio Crisis Intensifies
IFJ Report Accuses Hungary Over" Improper Political Influence" As Public TV Faces Bankruptcy
Journalists Condemn Brussels Deadlock over Open Government IFJ Calls for Full Inquiry in Killing of Journalist in Macedonia
provi
The Jou
have been dray
deration of
Reporti
ildren
the
health and social
and
7

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" Os donsM
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Criss doisM
January
Czech
08 M
and
ocrney
January 10
IEJ Welcomes
of Czech TV Blackout: Victory for Strikers
January 10
January
C
TV
Report
igeria
Inspiration
January
vision.
Januar
IFJ Calls on Kostubica
Public Inquiry Over RTS Deaths
January 26th
IFJ Condemns Belarus Over Crackdown
Know
January
February 5
February
Calls on Mugabe Sondemns Mug
ror siege
Bombing
Over
and Violence"
Calls for Urge
C
February
Secrecy at
Journalists Call
2Open
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February 16
IFJ Backs Protest Journalists
ke Cal
Bulgarian Radio

PART ONE- Appendix 6, Recife Draft Code
Media
Child Rights and the Media: Guidelines for Media Professionals
( These guidelines were adopted by journalists organisations from 70 countries at the world's first international consultative conference on journalism and child rights held in Recife, Brazil, on May 2nd 1998)
Preamble
ildua
blova S
Informed, sensitive and professional journalism is a key element in any media strategy for improving the quality of reporting concerning human rights and society. The daily challenge to journalists and media organisations is particularly felt in coverage of children and their rights. Although the human rights of children have only recently been defined in international law, the United Nations Convention on the rights of the Child is already so widely supported that it will shortly become the first universal law of humankind.
To do their job of informing the public effectively, journalists must be fully aware of the need to protect children and to enhance their rights without in any way damaging freedom of expression or interfering with the fabric of journalistic independence. Journalists must also be provided with training to achieve high ethical standards.
The following guidelines for journalists have been drawn up by the International Federation of Journalists on the basis of an extensive survey of codes of conduct and standards already in force across the world. The aim of of the guidelines is to raise media awareness of children's rights issues and to stimulate debate among media professionals about the value of a common approach which will reinforce journalistic standards and contribute to the protections and enhancement of children's rights.
10
Guidelines and Principles for
Reporting on Issues Involving Children
10 101 do
All journalists and media professionals have a duty to maintain the highest ethical and professional standards and should promote within the industry the widest possible dissemination of information about the International Convention on the Rights of the Child and its implications for the exercise of independent journalism.
Media organisations should regard violation of the rights of children and issues related to children's safety, privacy, security, their education, health and social welfare and all forms of
1

exploitation as important questions for investigations and public debate. Children have an absolute right to privacy, the only exceptions being those explicitly set out in these guidelines.
Journalistic activity that touches on the lives and welfare of children should always be carried of the vulnerable situation of children.
v able
out with appreciation of the BDSM 101 29nilobin
Journalists and media organisations shall strive to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct in reporting children's affairs and, in particular, they shall
1. strive for standards of excellence in terms of accuracy and sensitivity when reporting on issues involving children;
2. avoid programming and publication of images which intrude upon the media space of children with information which is damaging to them;
Bianca bemo
3. avoid the use of stereotypes and sensational presentation to promote journalistic material involving children;
wel legoitsmol
bonileb nes
sibem bac
4. consider carefully the consequences of publication of any material concerning children and shall minimise harm to children;
5. guard against visually or otherwise identifying children unless it is demonstrably in the public interest;
sd.ople
ed oals jeum teismo
6. give children, where possible, the right of access to media to express their own opinions without inducement of any kind;
to
vd qu
7. ensure independent verification of information provided by children and take special care to ensure that verification takes place without putting child informants at risk;
8. avoid the use of sexualised images of children;
smuol
aidgh
soiggs
9. use fair, open and straight forward methods for obtaining pictures and, where possible, obtain them with the knowledge and consent of children or a responsible adult, guardian or
carer;
10. verify the credentials of any organisation purporting to speak for or to represent the eld interests of children.
brs
11. not make payment to children for material involving the welfare of children or to parents ilqmi all or guardians of children unless it is demonstrably in the interest of the child.
20
to amo) He
suzai bus siblido to atigi ed to noiteloiv bingo bluoda anolanainagio sibsM sipoa bns difsed, nousoube tied those voving viste a'nsiblido
2

PART ONE, Append
Journalists should put to critical examination the reports submitted and the claims made by Governments on implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in their respective countries
ies EL
Media should not consider and report the conditions of children only as events but should continuously report the process likely to lead or leading to the occurrence of these events.
Recife, Brazil
May 2nd 1998
2. It is further agreed:
That neither international wil
are real or potential
That MEI and IFJ will
organisations
That Euro- ME
dialogue- inclu
that each organisation
social dialogue
That in matters of trainin
jurisdiction
new
opportunities
That disputes
for
dermining rela
That MBI and the IE
IFT
by the jurisdic appropriate.
affiliate thos
That MEI
The following
level are not a cause
sectors
issues of common concern.
for practical co- operation:
including freedom of the press an freedom
3

Journalisti
our beardo
Children hair, an
of Jug bliroda
ommev
should af? Ypages
bas 1sbian00 ton bluoda aibeM
gp xlayoutoo
Journali and
co
in reporting
shall
fixestio
for involving
ence in terms of acc
nsitivity
800 SM
invo
guar
pub
give
images which intrude upon the media aging to them;
ace of
mote journalistic material
rial concerning children and
dren unless it
dem
the
where possible, the right
cess to media to express their own opinions
without inducement of any kind;
ensare independent
cation of information provided by children and special care verification takes place informant
8. avoid the use sexualised images of children;
open and straight forward methods for obtaining pictures and, where possible, them with the knowledge and consent of children or a responsible adult, guardian or
carer:
10. verify the credentials of any organisation purporting to speak
of children.
11. not make payment to children for mater
lfare of
or guardians of children unless it is demonstrably in the interest of the child.
The

PART ONE, Appendix 7. UNI- MEI Joint Statement
Principles of Co- operation between the IFJ and UNI- MEI as adopted by the IFJ Executive knowl
Committee
1. It is agreed between MEI and the IFJ that IFJ is the voice for journalists in international public fora and that MEI is the voice for all other broadcasting, arts entertainment and media workers.
2. It is further agreed:
20
That neither international will give legitimacy to or assist other organisations that are real or potential competitors of MEI or IFJ in their areas of jurisdiction.
That MEI and IFJ will exchange information in advance of invitations to other organisations to participate in events organised by either MEI or the IFJ.
That Euro- MEI and EFJ/ IFJ will work together on all aspects of European social We redialogue- including works councils and social dialogue with the EBU- to ensure that each organisation is always represented if their jurisdiction is covered by such social dialogue.
di
Our
That in matters of training for tasks that do not fall clearly under the direct dedica jurisdiction of MEI or the IFJ( including tasks resulting from the introduction of sense o new communication technologies) we share a common position that training and job opportunities should be open to all.
cur
That disputes between MEI and IFJ member unions at national level are not a cause of trade for undermining relations between the two internationals.
On
the Pul
demo
We Trade trading
That MEI and the IFJ will encourage member unions which organise staff in sectors covered by the jurisdiction of the other to affiliate those members to MEI or to the IFJ as appropriate.
That MEI and the IFJ will work together on matters and issues of common concern. The following areas are identified as matters for practical co- operation:
·
health and safety
human rights, including freedom of the press an freedom of association
0
freelance rights
0
intellectual property
1

bos WHI
⚫ training programmesnio 1- ximo.
assistance programmes for unions in developing countries or countries the process of transition to democracy
900-00 10 29lgioni
That MEI and IFJ shall try to define common positions for their joint representation before dealing directly with employers. Defqobs
That MEI and IFJ will exchange information on forthcoming meetings and activities at international and regional level. There will normally be a standing invitation to Iano participate in activities where they are of interest to either MEI or the IFJ.
That MEI and IFJ will seek to organise joint meetings of the executive boards of the two internationals.
That MEI and IFJ will submit these principles of co- operation for endorsement to ted their statutory bodies.
That MEI and IFJ will review these principles of co- operation in two years from the 1ofo date of endorsement by the statutory bodies of both organisations.
That MEI and the IFJ will circulate these principles of co- operation, once endorsed, to all members of the International Committee of Entertainment and Media Unions.
doua yd
Adopted Unanimously by IFJ Executive Committee, Boston, May 15th 1999
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doi bas gainis isdi noitiaoq nommoo's zara Sw( asigoloarost
18
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or
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noitsioozes aligi consiss
Vagong lautoslisini
2

PART ONE- Appendix 8. EI- PSI- IFJ Statement
In the Service of Society:
Knowledge, Community and Information are keys to Democracy in the Age of Globalisation
Education International ◄
International Federation of Journalists
Public Services International
The Education International, the International Federation of Journalists and the Public Services International believe that sustainable development is not possible without democracy, life- long education and a more equitable sharing of resources in order to eliminate disparities that separate nations and people within countries.
We declare that cultural diversity, political pluralism and respect for fundamental human rights and social justice provide secure foundations for democracy in a global economy.
We recognise that while the basic goals of trade unions for dignity and justice and an end to discrimination remain as important as ever, to build global solidarity we must strive for new actions that bring trade unions and professional workers into the heart of the struggle for democracy across the whole of society.
expose wrongdoing
Our member organisations represent people who's professional and working lives are dedicated to the creation of democratic culture based upon universal respect for knowledge, a sense of community and the free flow of information.
Without respect for these core values, as well as a new framework for social justice, the current process of globalisation with its transformation of production networks, liberalisation of trade and technological change could undermine democracy and civil and political rights. The value of globalisation must be judged on its effect on human welfare and the delivery of human rights for all. An open and transparent trading environment operating across territorial borders must ultimately be consistent with respect for cultural and democratic development.
On this basis, the Education International, the International Federation of Journalists and the Public Services International call for a vision of change that brings social, cultural and democratic rights into the framework of global policy.
Journalists
We demand that the international community, at the level of the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation, adopts practical measures in support of a fair and socially equitable trading environment.
1

for unions in
In particular, we insist upon support for the following minimum conditions in the elaboration of a new global economy:
210
➤ Knowledge- based society, embedded in respect for the rights of children; structures for life- long learning; and professional independence and freedom of expression for all who who work in the world of education;
Community and Public Service, recognising that poverty, social exclusion and powerlessness are corrosive to democracy and that prosperity must ensure that everyone in society has access to basic services that ensure their welfare and security and that enhance their quality of life;
➤ Good governance, Pluralism and Freedom of the Press ensuring that people are gnol informed, that government is made properly accountable at all levels and that there is scope for everyone to engage in the process of democratic exchange. That M and IFJ will rev
bos
The EI, IFJ and PSI will work together at international level, including within the wider trade union movement and involving the agencies of the United Nations, for global initiatives that give priority to work at a national level to provide education, public services and media in the service of society.
Inte ib
znoinu
In support of this declaration each organisation agrees to review existing and planned activities to identify opportunities for joint actions.
To add: Practical initiatives and possible joint statements/ and projects on:
☐
Child rights
* Media literacy
☐
Freedom of expression
noqu baa
☐
Access to information( whistleblowers)
w 28
Academic freedom
edmom O
of batsibob inummos lo sansa
Provision of universal services
5
Freedom of information
ali diw noiseilsdolg to conq
bau bluco ogrado leoigoloadost bas obsit to
Authors' rights
Public service broadcasting
o
B
Media concentration
Trainingsbilsto
Health and safety bra Social dialogue
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2

Part One- Appendix 9, Zagreb Declaration
International Federation of Journalists ◄
▶ Public Services International◄
rnational
ce
in Public
Hot& M
Access to Public Information and Protection of Whistleblowers
The International Federation of Journalists and the Public Services International declare that freedom of information and the right of public access to official information is essential to the exercise of transparent, accountable and democratic government.
Governments committed to the achieving the highest possible standards of delivery of human rights for all and the provision of excellence in public services should encourage freedom of speech to help achieve this.
We call on all governments and those responsible for public administration to enact laws and to implement regulations that will guarantee freedom of information and will also provide protection for those who disclose information in good faith and in the public interest.
The IFJ and PSI recognise that quality of information relies absolutely upon the reliability and integrity of sources of information, particularly when dealing with issues related to corruption, fraud and misadministration of public affairs.
We agree to work together to promote a culture of transparency and openness in the administration of public affairs and to defend journalists and employees who work together to expose wrongdoing.
The IFJ and PSI, therefore, declare that
info
A whistle blowing policy is necessary to permit and encourage employees to raise funder concerns about misconduct, malpractice or corruption.
W Employees must be protected if disclosure is made in good faith and in the public
imp
interest
■ Journalists and media organisations should respect confidentiality of sources of information
struct
di
be
Public authorities and private companies should develop codes of practice covering the ethical conduct of staff handling commercial or financial activities
Journalists and public service trade unions should establish local initiatives in support of freedom of information legislation and protection of whistle- blowers in the public and private sector
public ser
the various
3

The IFJ and the PSI agree to review existing and planned activities to identify opportunities for co- operation in this area of joint interest.
March 8th 2000
Jed
lo mo
bas sbivote oz
bas
03 To add
gails
basic
dgid odi gaivaldos
edom of
assyoloms bus ateilsmuoj bastab of bas and possible joint statements/ and proj
Jsi excloob
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bitnoo peqass bluoda qolsainsgro sibom bus alallamuol
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10lose staving bas
4

Part One- Appendix 9, Zagreb Declaration
The
Reforming Broadcasting:
Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television
Journalists and media professionals from 14 countries meeting in Zagreb on April 15-18th 1999 at the IFJ conference for journalists in South- eastern Europe:" Reforming Broadcasting: Towards Editorial Independence in Public Service Radio and Television" adopted the following final statement:
We insist that governments can only protect democracy by ensuring that everyone has the right to freedom of expression and opinion;
We demand that governments create accountable and democratic public service broadcasting systems;
We insist that public service obligations in media are essential to freedom of expression and opinion and to the protection of plurality of views;
We agree that in the coexistence of public and private broadcasting, independence, plurality and variety in programming must be protected, the financial standing of public broadcasting must be secured and a framework must exist to guarantee the professional and ethical role of journalists and programme makers;
mon ins
We note that the concept of" public service" must be a duty covering the public information services of all broadcasting enterprises, the private as well as the publicly funded;
We believe that professional standards of journalism and public service obligations are also important to the development of private broadcasters and we urge governments to facilitate activities of private broadcasters providing a public service;
alio
We state that independence of public service broadcasters must be guaranteed by appropriate structures such as pluralistic internal boards or other independent bodies;
We recognise the importance of the journalists' union and solidarity within the workforce of broadcast media to create broadcasting structures, which, through public administration and diverse and independent sources of funding which do not interfere with the editorial line, can benefit all of the community;
service
We recognise that the situations of public service broadcasting is different in the various countries of the region.
1
to

no
We welcome the Council of Europe recommendation on the guarantee of the independence of public service broadcasting;
We support the demand of the Forum 21 in Croatia for the true transformation of HRT into a public radio and television institution, which will satisfy all professional journalistic criteria and fulfil through its programmes the task of satisfying political, cultural and entertainment interests of its viewers and listeners by presenting faithfully the pluralism of Croatian society;
rs and listeners by presenting faithfully
WE DECLARE that it is essential to develop, within every country of South- east Europe:
➤ a legal and financial framework which guarantees public service broadcasting, thus protecting the cultural and social diversity of communities;
➤ regulations which support public service obligations on all media to provide reliable, accurate and quality information services available for public consumption;
national and international regulatory structures to protect editorial independence in broadcasting. All regulatory structures must be balanced in representation of civil and political society and not dominated by any political faction or related organisations.
WE CALL ON NATIONAL REGULATORY BODIES AND PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTERS IN THE REGION TO ADOPT THE FOLLOWING MINIMUM STANDARDS SAFEGUARDING EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE AND STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONALISM: ilduq to
1. Status of public service broadcasting organisations
bms
SW
Public service broadcasting organisations must be financially independent from government. Financial sources can include license fees, advertising, sponsorship. In order to allow for public service broadcasting to continue to be available in a changing technological environment there must be sufficient financial stability and investment into the development of new services.
oals on anoiag
bas mailsmool to
2. Role of the Overall Governing Bodies of Public Service Broadcasting
led W inshoqmi
The overall governing bodies/ board of trustees/ advisory councils of public service broadcasting have no role to play in the day- to- day management of the public service broadcasters.
In order to ensure that the governing bodies reflect civil society and professional standards of journalism there must be an adequate representation of groups of civil society and elected representatives of the editorial staff of the public service broadcasters.
Vinummo
vib
Hs tiened
auonev od' ni 1001oftib ai gnitasobsond soivise pilduq to anoisia s jedi saingoo W noigon or to eit
2

3. Role of management
The top management positions of the public service broadcasters must be open for public tender and must be allocated for a fixed term regardless of any terms of office of the elected government.
The management of the public service broadcasters must protect journalists from interference from outside interests be they political or economic.
national
Managers and editors- in- chief of public service broadcasters cannot receive any mandate or take instructions from any person or body whatsoever from outside the public service broadcasting organisation. They must exercise their functions strictly in the interests of the public service broadcasting organisation that they represent and manage.
Basic documents and decisions regarding management, editorial and financial matters should be made available to the editorial staff.
There should be regular meetings between the top managers and the representatives of the editorial staff to discuss matters affecting programming policy and editorial content.
bag
4. Fundamental Rights and Obligations of the Editorial Staff
libs ofT
In order to fulfill their journalistic duties pay levels and working conditions for journalists must be appropriate.
16
inu bas
Journalists must have the right to equal pay, equality in career development and equal access to further professional education.
eb
The recruitment, promotion and transfer as well as the rights and obligations of the staff of public service broadcasting organisations must be based on merit and must be free of all forms of discrimination.
The staff of public service broadcasting organisations must be guaranteed without discrimination the right to take part in trade union activities, including strikes and the right to have trade union representation in all staff matters, collective bargaining and grievances procedures. dug
sd
Editors and journalists working in public service broadcasting must not hold office in a political party.
odt no liso
5. Minimum Standards for Editorial Statutes
gobs of
1. The editorial staff represents the moral and intellectual capital of the public service broadcasting station;
3mm
Idiencgast villai or no silnom ow laid
3

2. The appointment and dismissal of the editor- in- chief', or equivalent by management must be confirmed by the editorial staff by majority vote;
3. The editorial staff must be consulted on decisions which affect:
➤ definition of editorial policy and content of the broadcasting station; personnel policies;
transfer/ change of tasks of the journalists in the editorial department if the journalist concerned does not agree with the decision;
1. The editorial staff has the right to participate with management in the joint development of editorial codes/ guidelines;
2. The editorial staff to be heard on matters of grievances concerning editorial policy;
rvice
3. The journalists have the right to refuse an assignment if the assignment breaches the journalists professional ethics as laid down in the union's/ association's code of conduct and/ or the IFJ declaration of principles on the conduct of journalism.
4. The editorial staff have the right to prevent and reject interference of management of third parties on the editorial content;
5. In case of grievances representatives of the editorial staff, the editor in chief and management hold bona fide negotiations. Representatives of the journalists associations and unions should be involved in the negotiations.
6. Existing editorial statutes where they are preferential prevail over the common minimum standards.
T
yog
dug
JM
rom
The participants call on IFJ member associations and unions:
> To translate these minimum standards into their local language and to distribute them among their members;
> To campaign vigorously for the adoption of the minimum standards by the public service broadcaster in their country.
The participants call on the IFJ Executive Committee
➤ to adopt this statement and to circulate it to all IFJ member unions;
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1
By the term editor- in- chief we mean the person who is legally responsible for the programme.
4.

➤ to call on the IFJ/ EFJ Broadcasting Expert Group to launch a campaign for the adoption of the minimum standards by regional organisations which represent public service broadcasters;
to call on the regional organisations of the IFJ, notably the EFJ to support the campaign by calling on the European Broadcasting Union to adopt the minimum standards;
➤ to circulate the text to relevant international governmental and non- governmental organisations including UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the OSCE asking them to support the minimum standards in their activities on reform of public service broadcasting.
Finally, the participants thank the Croatian Journalists' Association for the hosting of the conference.
1999ation
Zagreb, April 17th, 1999
PART TWO: PROJECT DIVISION
AND REGIONAL ACTIVITIES
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Regional Reports
International Federation of Journalists XXIV Congress, Seoul, June 11-15th 2001
Journalism in the Information Age
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activity
PART TWO: PROJECT DIVISION AND REGIONAL ACTIVITIES

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1.1 PROJECT THEMES AND ISSUES
The work of the Project Division focused on the issues identified in the working dentified in programme and resolutions of the last Congress( see table 1). These included questions of human rights and safety of journalists, quality in journalism, rights of freelances, women journalists, racism and intolerance and authors' rights. Project work thus builds also on the work of the IFJ Working Parties.
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Table 1: IFJ Project Themes 98-01
20%
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10%
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7%
6%
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5%
4%
4%
121%
12%
STUS 21%
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Ethics/ Quality in Journalism 21%
bojong en Human Rights/ Safety 21%
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Trade Union/ Social/ Mediaworkers 20% Specific region/ country10%
Globalisation/ Convergence 7%
Freelances 5%
Women 6%
Authors' Rights 4%
Racism/ Intolerance 4%
Public Service Broadcasting 2%
ansivbs Isnoigor
The three main themes of project work were Trade Union Issues( 43%), Professional Issues, Quality and Ethics( 29%) and Human Rights and Safety( 28%)( See Table 2).
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Table 2: IFJ Project Themes 98-01
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Quality and Profes
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Human Rights Issues
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1.2 NUMBER OF PROJECTS
A comparison between the number of programmes and project activities in the last Congress period( 1995-1998) and the Congress period( 1998-2001) shows that an increase of 17% for overall programmes and an increase of 30% in the number of project activities organised( see table 3).
Table 3: Comparison Number of Projects
and Activities 95-98 and 98-01
200
150
150
100
50
45
0
1
105
No. Of Projects 95-98
☐
No. Of Projects
98-01
No. Of Activities 95-98
No. Of Activities 98-01
Also the amount of project funds has increased since the last Congress by 25%. During the last Congress period total project budgets amounted to around 3 million Euros, in the current Congress period the all IFJ projects had a total budget of 3,8 million Euros ( see table 4).
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
Table 4: Comparison of Total Project Budgets 95-98 to 98-01
Total budgets 95-98 Total budgets 98-01
2
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1.3 PROJECT DONORS
IFJ project work is supported by five main donors and a wide range of smaller donor contributions. The most long- standing relations are with LO/ TCO and the FES who allocate funds for project work of Global Unions or the International Trade Secretariats and to whom we can submit applications annually.
In terms of funds, the European Commission is the largest contributor to IFJ projects but there are no formal relations with the Commission. The IFJ submits applications to the EU calls for proposals alongside a great number of other organisations and NGOs. Depending on the subject of the call, there may be between 200 and 3,000 applications. One reason why we are more successful than many NGOs who apply to these budget lines is that we have members in most of the countries concerned. After some ten years of making the point that without the involvement of the journalists' unions it is impossible to promote press freedom and journalists' rights, this message is largely accepted by the European Commission.
The last Congress period saw the end of the project for the Latin American Office supported by the Norwegian Union and financed by the Norwegian Foreign Ministry. As a result there has been a shift in the main donor organisations that support IFJ project work. But the main donor organisations remain the European Commission, LO/ TCO and the FES( see table 5 and 6).
Table 5: Project Donors 1995- 1998
edi
4%
EU
Right 8%
3%
Sida/ LO/ TCO
9%
Other
Norad
51%
11%
FES
14%
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Council of Europe
Unesco
ssnes, Quality and Table 6: IF Project Donors 1998-2001
2%-
5%
11%
23%
EU 00000$
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57%
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1.4 PROJECT WORK IN THE REGIONS
The division of project activities by region has not changed considerably since the last Congress period and continues to reflect the number of IFJ member unions in the different regions( see table 7 and 8). In the current Congress period project activity has increased in Africa. The IFJ Project Division has undertaken a number of global projects, notably the IFJ/ ILO Survey on Status of Freelance Journalists and the Global Conference for Women Journalists which takes place the day before the start of Congress.
Table 7: IFJ Project Activities per
Region 95-98
16%
20%
24%
Europe
40%
Latin America
Africa
Asia- Pacific
Table 8: IFJ Project Activities per
Region 98-01
16%
2%
Europe
40%
Africa
Latin America
19%
23%
Asia- Pacific
Worldwide
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IFJ Regional Reports
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1. REGIONAL ACTIVITY IN EUROPE:
REPORT OF THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS
Since the last Congress in Brazil, the European Federation of Journalists has concentrated on internal reforms geared towards a greater focus on European Union work; trade union issues and professional standards; news structures to increase efficiency; and a clearer division of tasks between the IFJ and the EFJ to avoid the creation of parallel structures.
Following discussions with the European Advisers of the IFJ Executive Committee on the future of the EFJ, the Steering Committee presented detailed proposals to the Annual General Meeting( AGM) in Nuremberg, 2000. After the AGM, a Future Commission was established to come up with concrete proposals concerning the future work, structure and fees of the EFJ/ IFJ. A meeting between the Steering Committee, the European Advisors of the Executive Committee and the Future Commission, which took place in Brussels on November 13, 2000, agreed on changes to EFJ rules and on a proposal for a motion concerning IFJ Regional work to be tabled for the IFJ Congress.
eeting
At this year's General Meeting of the EFJ, at Saint Vincent, Italy on May 4-5, the Steering Committee proposed further amendments to the rules and agreed to come up with concrete proposals to secure EFJ finances. A new Steering Committee, acting under the IFJ Constitution, has been elected for a period of three years.
EUROPEAN UNION LOBBYING.
In 1999 and 2000, after the installation of a new European Commission, the EFJ has established working relations with EU Commissioners on major policy areas covering media issues, social affairs, training and the question of access to EU documents. Meetings with several Commissioners and senior officials and Members of the European Parliament took place.
The EFJ has organised a letter campaign on raising awareness of EFJ policy in issues important for the European Parliament to all Members of the European Parliament after the elections in June 1999, and resulted in an unprecedented positive reply. EFJ lobbying has focussed on the following issues:
Access to Documents: The Steering Committee participated in the process of defining new rules of public access to information in the European Union. Proposals by the European Commission for a new code have been discussed within the European Parliament under a codecision process with the Council of Ministers. The EFJ together with the London- based civil rights organisation Statewatch has organised several seminars on this subject during this Congress period. Particular interest in this issue has been shown by the Finnish and Swedish EFJ affiliates. The EFJ advised European Parliament committees on amendments to the Commission proposal. In the summer of 2000, the EFJ protested strongly over a decision by the Council of the European Union backed by NATO member states, to adopt amendments to
6

the Code on public access which bypassed the co- decision process. The EFJ said the amendments, made to protect military and security documents, were unnecessary and introduced wide new restrictions on access to all documents handled by EU governments.
Social Dialogue: Members of the Steering Committee participated in several ETUC seminars concerning social dialogue and collective bargaining. The EFJ has had informal meetings with the European Newspaper Association and the European Broadcasting Union. Despite attempts by the European Commission to start social dialogue at European level in the media sector, employer organisations from the broadcasting and print sector, have refused to open formal discussions on this issue.
long bas
Media Concentration, Convergence: The EFJ has discussed the impact of globalisation on media with members of the European Parliament The EFJ participated in a seminar organised by the Socialist Group of the European Parliament on Media and Democracy in Milan, October 27-28, which addressed the need to protect the professional standards of journalists in the online sector. The EFJ has also participated in several meetings of the Council of Europe on media concentration stressing the importance of editorial independence, proper training and respect of professional standards in new media. At the Committee on Culture of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe the General Secretary presented a paper on' Journalism in Europe and the Global Market'.
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Public Service Broadcasting: The EFJ continues to monitor the broadcasting sector, especially with regard to European Union policy and the debate on the future of public broadcasting. The EFJ has welcomed the commitment not to threaten the role of public service broadcasting as enshrined in the Amsterdam Protocol of the European Treaty. The Commission has drafted a communication on services of general interest, which also covers public broadcasting. The EFJ criticised the Commission for questioning the dominant positions of public undertakings but not those of private undertakings in media.
INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS
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The Steering Committee has improved its dissemination of information. This includes information on EU legislation, data on collective bargaining, model agreements, freelance issues, and on new methods of organising( See Expert Group reports). The European web- site ( http://www.IFJ.org/regions/europe/idx.html) is being further developed. A major objective is to provide unions with access to information on collective bargaining agreements. The bimonthly newsletter Euronews covers extensively European Union issues.
SEMINAR ACTIVITY
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During the Congress period the EFJ organised three major seminars with the support of the European Commission, This shows a decrease in seminar activities supported by the Commission. This has been primarily due to a shift in priorities as well as a dramatic reduction in Commission support for social projects. The workload has shifted towards more activities without external funding especially support for expert groups. The EFJ is cooperating with the IFJ Project Division on seminar activity.( See Project Report).
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7

PLACE
1998( second half)
Rome
1999:
Brussels
Zagreb
Brussels
Brussels
2000
Nuremberg
Brussels Brussels
Warsaw
2001
Brussels
Brussels
THEME
Moral Rights in the Information Society: Harmonisation in the EU
Opening Doors for Democracy in Europe: Conference on Access to EU Documents in co- operation with European Parliament and Statewatch Towards Editorial Independence public service broadcasting JET Pilot Project Evaluation Meeting: Online journalism: Getting organised Freelance Conference: Social Justice in a Freelance World
ACTIVITIES/ DATES
EFJ Seminar,
October 9-10, 1998
26 April, 1999
Seminar organised by EFJ and IFJ Project Division Seminar organised by EFJ and IFJ Project Division, June 18 EFJ Seminar November, 12-13
EFJ Facing the Future: Organising for May, 26 Unity and Freelance Solidarity Working Time Project Meeting, Digit PRESS Evaluation Meeting
The Polish Press in Europe: The right case for press freedom Promoting Trade Union Representation and Co- operation
Expert Meeting, September 26 Organised by EFJ and IFJ Project Division, September 1st Organised by IFJ Project Division with FES and NJ, Norway and German unions, Warsaw, 13-14 December
Call for an Open Europe: views from Organised by the EFJ and civil society on access to EU
documents
Globalisation and Digital
Statewatch, European
Parliament, February, 27
Application to EC, if accepted
Technology: A Journalists' Unions Response and EU Policy
to be organised in October,
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
With a strengthened structure the IFJ, the EFJ and its newly elected Steering Committee will concentrate its efforts on strengthening the' trade union agenda' while at the same time lobbying the European institutions on social and professional issues. The expert groups ( See Below) remain the key vehicles for lobbying the European institutions on behalf of the EFJ.
In co- operation with the IFJ Project Division the EFJ has prepared a major project on online journalism for the next three years. A seminar on the topic is also envisaged. Organising the online sector is a priority in the coming years.
doidwaldgin arodius
8

The enlargement process of the European Union also affects the EFJ. Better services are needed by unions in candidate countries, especially about information on EU legislation affecting journalists.
8021
In broadcasting, the EFJ is engaged in the plans for a new global campaign and there is still optimism about the launching of social dialogue in the broadcasting sector. In this regard, co- operation with the other media unions, especially those part of UNI- Europa, will be reinforced, especially vis- à- vis the European Trade Union Confederation.
ector, empl
Finally, the upgrading of work on web- site work within the IFJ and the appointment of an Authors' Rights Campaign Co- ordinator in March 2001 under the jurisdiction of the EFJ is crucial in raising the profile of this issue.
2.
AUTHORS' RIGHTS EXPERT GROUP
The Authors' Rights Expert Group( AREG) has been made up of the following members: Anne- Louise Schelin( Chair), Denmark, Martine Simonis, Belgium, Benno Pöppelmann, Germany, Wolfgang Mayer, Germany, Antonio Velluto, Italy, Albrecht Haller, Austria, Olle Wilöf, Sweden, Olivier Da Lage, France, Mike Holderness, Claire Kirby, UK, Jonathan Tasini, USA, Hans Verploeg, Netherlands. The AREG has concentrated its efforts in the following areas:
6
•
•
Lobbying the EU Commission and the EU parliament on the EU directive on Copyrights and Related Rights in the Information Society
Making sure that the IFJ views have been presented in writing and through presence in The World Intellectual Property Organisation( WIPO)
Presenting the IFJ views on how important strong authors' rights protection is for journalism- not the least in on- line journalism
was a
Issuing and maintaining a handbook on authors' rights thereby supporting the work of member unions in their work at the national level. AREG has also made a considerable effort toward gathering collective agreements and contracts comprising clauses on authors' rights, judgements of principle etc.
monthl
•
a
Having close contact with the Freelance Rights Expert Group( FREG). The special problems of freelances regarding authors rights( pressure to sign over all rights and interference by competition law authorities) are given high priority in AREG
Iliw
Trying to establish a" Creators Forum" in order to have close and regular working contact with other international organisations representing authors and performers
reductio
0
The
And last but not least- being the main driving force in preparing, carrying through and following up the" World Summit 2000: Authors' Rights for All"
The agenda for AREG- meetings starts with all questions concerning the campaign for authors' rights, which resulted from the conference. Jonathan Tasini, President of the
9

National Writers Union of the USA, and Hans Verploeg, General Secretary of the Dutch Union of Journalists, and AREG form the campaign group. One of the first very important steps has been the IFJ/ EFJ appointment of a Campaign Co- ordinator in March 2001 to support this work.
The campaign will be the major activity for AREG in the coming period. The main points
●
are:
Developing the web- site www.authorsrights.org to comprise collective agreements, Un( model) contracts, court cases, alerts regarding multinational media companies trying to obtain all rights contracts, information on authors rights from all over the world, AREG opinions and documents, speeches, educational and training materials, information on activities going on in WIPO, IFRRO, EU, WTO etc.
Participating actively in all arenas where questions of global legal harmonisation of authors rights is taken place
Preparing training material for unions and for freelances to strengthen the ability of the freelances to bargain effectively
Lobbying against competition law restrictions on freelances collective bargaining and ensuring staff journalists free collective bargaining rights concerning their authors' rights( fighting work- for- hire and legal presumptions in favour of publishers and producers)
Continuing close contact with other international organisations working for stronger authors rights protection and making active use of the many participants who volunteered to do work for the campaign in the follow up activities
Setting up an international audit of rights ownership-- a rights review
All the IFJ/ EFJ opinions, papers and speeches are( or will soon be) available on www.authorsrights.org. The same goes for the detailed plans( strategies) that have been formed for each of the above- mentioned major points of action for the period to come.
3.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING EXPERT GROUP( COBEG)
In May 2000 the EFJ made a decision to form the Collective Bargaining Expert Group ( COBEG). Its members are: Eila Hyppönen, Finland( co- chair), Manfred Moos, Germany ( co- chair), Michael Klehm, Germany, Lorenzo del Boca, Italy, Andreas Kannaouros, Cyprus, Jeremy Dear, Great Britain& Ireland, Martine Simonis, Belgium, Thomas Bernard, Switzerland, Athanase Papandropoulos and Lazaros Belitsis, Greece.
COBEG has had two meetings at the IFJ office so far, one in September 2000 and a second in January 2001. Part of the work has been done via e- mail. The goals of the COBEG- work were defined in EFJ AGM 2000:
03
10

0
That the EFJ and its national member unions should supply information on collective bargaining. The work should be supported by the Secretariat;
That the EFJ organises a seminar with the support of the European Commission on the impact of mergers in the media sector( multinational companies) on the socialeconomic conditions of journalists in Europe;
That the EFJ and its national member unions and COBEG support and consult on the project on working time, if it has been accepted by the European Commission;
That the EFJ member unions supply the EFJ and IFJ Secretariat with regular up- dated information on industrial relations disputes; hatodus. otie- dow or nigolsysa That the EFJ and its member unions develop an information network to express Ansolidarity to journalists in disputes of EFJ membership."
0
b5
bas anoinigo
The COBEG has prepared a survey on working time. The Report on Working Time in Journalism: A comparative analysis by EFJ unions was accomplished in February 2001, and will be put in due time on the IFJ Website. The report contains information on working time regulation, flexible working time, compensation of overtime and other extra work, holiday benefits etc. The main conclusion on the basis of the study is that working time, overtime compensation etc. are quite well regulated, but that journalists do not follow the rules enshrined in collective agreements or legislation. A lot of overtime work and often without compensation has been defined as the major problem concerning working time for journalists and as a main obstacle for any kind of flexible working time regulation. The report is being circulated to all EFJ members, and to the ETUC and the European Commission.
COBEG is planning a project of a collection of best practices from different items in collective agreements. Both the printed and online journalism sector should be covered. Themes would include editorial statutes, strike, training, insurances, authors' rights, equal opportunities etc. COBEG stresses that member unions should inform the EFJ and the IFJ on disputes and industrial relations issues
4. FREELANCE EXPERT GROUP( FREG)
to tibus Isnoi
ns qu
The Members of the Expert Group are: Tutta Runeberg( Chair), Finland, Doris Stoisser, Austria, Martine Rossard, France, Uwe Winkler, Germany, Veronika Mirschel, Germany, Simona Fossati, Italy, John Toner, Great Britain. The group has had two regular meetings per year, additionally meetings with European Union officials and European trade union leaders. quo
ase contact
Fre
During 1998 and 1999 FREG carried out a survey on Freelance Journalists' Social Status Phase II/ Taxation& Pensions. The results of the Phase I/ Survey on Social Status of 1997 were informative and useful to our work in co- coordinating member unions' responses to their members' issues and needs. The Phase II clearly indicates freelance journalists' precarious situation within taxation and pension schemes. The group also helped prepare the international freelance survey organised by the IFJ for the ILO in 1999.
-
Three main issues defined our work since publishing this survey: DA 198 ai b Freelance journalists' status as professionals workers, self- employed or VSBs Pr
The( very small businesses) in correlation to social protection;
anthors
11

E
Labour laws in Europe- the need to adapt labour laws to the dramatic increase of freelance and casual work;
Authors' Rights- freelances income and social status depends much on authors' rights remuneration.
Seminars and Conferences
The Social Justice in a Freelance World conference was organised by the EFJ office in cooperation with the FREG and supported by the European Commission in November 1999 in Brussels. Speakers included the European Commission, ETUC, EBU, MEI and University of Manchester, and about 40 freelances attended the seminar from Europe.
The Year of Freelance 2000 main event was organised on the eve of the AGM of the EFJ in May 2000 in Nuremberg, highlighting unions' actions for freelances. The one- day seminar EFJ Facing the Future: Organising for Unity and Freelance Solidarity, provided examples from member unions on innovative ideas for new forms of servicing especially for freelances.
Various regional freelance seminars where held during 2000, among others The Nordic Freelance Seminar in Finland in June 2000, getting together freelances from Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Lithuania, Latvia, Norway and Sweden. Two FREG members were speakers at the first Freelance Conference, arranged by the U.P.P.J. in November in Athens. The FREG was closely involved in the preparation of the World Summit on Authors' Rights, in London in June 2000.
Lobbying
Meetings with Commission officials were organised over the need to adjust national labour laws in the face of the widening freelance sector. The European Officer and the FREG has met with the DG Employment and Social Affairs of the European Commission, with Commissioner Anna Diamantopoulou in January 2000. Another meeting was held in March 2000 with members of the Social Affairs Committee to discuss issues relating to social protection of freelances.
In a meeting on November 17, 2000 with officials of the Directorate General dealing with competition and trade at the European Commission the EFJ contested whether competition law should apply to freelance journalists and argued that agreements on recommended fees or collective agreements are not infringements of the law. In some countries the competition authorities have prohibited the unions to make recommendations with fees for freelances. However, the Danish Union has succeeded in a court action in favour of fee recommendations. The key issue is whether freelances belong to liberal professions or
workers.
Future Perspectives
The FREG is monitoring the work of DG Employment and Social Affairs on Guidelines for Member States and motions concerning labour law, DG Competition's study on liberal professions and the Social Action Programme of the EU Parliament. We will be in touch with the ETUC, regarding the modernising and improving employment relations, specially stressing how dependent workers and with minimum social protection freelance journalists are in today's media climate. A seminar on Freelancing in the Electronic Media is planned for late 2001 or early 2002.
12

E- mail contacts have been useful in between the meetings. and FREG reports and news are available on the IFJ and EFJ website: http://www.ifj.org/freelance/english/index.html.
4.
EUROPEAN WORKS COUNCIL EXPERT GROUP
The members of the group are Michael Klehm( Chair), Germany, Heinz Lützenberger, Germany, Alexander Baratsis- Altempergen, Austria, Irena Valova, Czech Republic; Paul McLaughlin, Great Britain. The main focus of the work of the Group has been twofold:
☐
The analysis of existing agreements concerning the establishment of an European Works Councils in media companies;
The revision of the European Works Council Directive by the European Yeh Commission.
With regard to the revision process, the EFJ participated in several conferences organised by the European Trade Union Confederation( ETUC) and proposed amendments to the Directive. Of particular importance for the EWC Expert Group is to extend the scope of the directive to the candidate countries of the European Union.
The background for this is the fact that many European media companies have acquired majority shares of companies in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic states, and the employees in these media companies have no consultation or information rights. This issue is one of the main areas of concern to the expert group in the coming years.
For the process of European integration it is of utmost importance that the employees of the candidate countries will be integrated from the very start, and the elected employees can contribute to the implementation of existing EU social standards in their media companies.
In order to increase the flow of information at European level, more members from the candidate countries should participate in the EWC Expert Group. The objective is that the Expert Group has the role of a' bridgehead' for the employees' representatives of multinational companies. Thereby, the EFJ could play an important role in establishing conditions for comparable working conditions and standards between West- and Eastern Europe.
T
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13

2.
of in
sib REGIONAL ACTIVITY IN ASIA gnoms vinurib di
In South- East Asia, the IFJ through the Asia- Pacific Project Office based in Sydney, has been working with affiliates to help develop genuine independent trade unions in the media. It is difficult to over- state the significance of the democratisation of the region.
At the last Congress, the Suharto regime stood over Indonesia- the fourth largest country in the world-- and dominated the region. The fall of the regime and the democratic elections that followed was a global event equal to the impact of the fall of the Berlin Wall or the end of apartheid.
In August 1998, the IFJ President Christopher Warren led a mission to Jakarta to meet with journalists, human rights workers, publishers and politicians to review the position in the emerging democracy. The report of that mission recommended, among other things, that the IFJ should work with journalists and other media workers to build independent media unions.
With the help of the Project Office and the IFJ- affiliate, the Aliansi Jurnalis Independen, journalists and other media workers have grabbed the opportunity that the new environment has offered them. So far about 20 in house unions have been formed, including at some of the major Jakarta papers such as Kompas and The Jakarta Post, in the major regional centres and in the national news agency Antara.
The IFJ and AJI have published union- building material, including an organising handbook and a guide to the national rules and regulations to setting up a union.
-
In Thailand, progress has been slower. There has been some progress towards unity within the country. The Reporters Association of Thailand- which affiliated with the IFJ at the last Congress have merged with another organisation to form the Thai Journalists Association. The Project Office has worked with RAT and TJA to hold two seminars on trade union development and is working with the TJA on a survey of working conditions in the Thailand. It is also working with the TJA in its current campaign over the dismissal of 23 journalists and broadcasters from iTV, recently taken over by interests associated with Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
The Project Office has continued to work with the new leadership of the National Union of Journalists, Malaysia, over challenges to organising in that country.
In South Asia, the Project Office has begun a project to work with affiliates in India and in Sri Lanka to promote unity. It is clear from the seminars held in 1999 and 2000 that unionism among journalists in India is at a critical point. Despite the strong gains that had historically been made by Indian journalists, the unions have not been successful in resisting the continuing attacks by employers.
-
contract
The particular tactic has been to shift staff to fixed term- and largely non- union rather than continuing employment under the terms of determinations made under the Working Journalists Act.
14

In this climate, the disunity among the journalist organisations is a major impediment to successful organisation- a fact fortunately recognised by all three IFJ affiliates, the India Journalists Union, the National Union of Journalists, India, and our most recent affiliate from the country, the All- India Newspaper Employees Federation.
10% al need
The IFJ has a key role to play in promoting unity and this year is organising a unity meeting of the senior officers of the three affiliate to develop concrete plans of joint action around the issues that all three identify as the major challenges they face.
JA
In early 2000, journalists and other media workers in Sri Lanka came together to form the Sri Lankan Federation of Newspaper Employees Unions, linking the house unions in theo major media corporations- both privately and publicly owned. This was an important step in uniting what has been a fractured journalist community over the past decade and the IFJ was pleased to welcome the SLFNEU as an affiliate at its meeting in December 2000.
The Asia- Pacific Project Office is working with the federation and with other journalists organisations to develop common strategies to combat the economic and political pressures that Sri Lankan journalists face in a country at war, as shown by the murder of Jaffna journalist Myilvaganam Nimalarajan.
Perhaps one of the most significant developments in the last Congress term was the establishment of the IFJ Safety Office for Media in East Timor. This office- funded out of the IFJ Safety Fund under the direction of the Asia- Pacific Project Office- was a proactive initiative to deal with the violence and attacks on journalists and the media. An Australian journalist, Heather Paterson, and an Indonesian journalist, Ezki Suyanto, staffed the office. It worked with the many media representatives in the country by providing advice on trouble spots, registration of in- country movements and developing underground routes to smuggle journalists out of the territory.
It quickly became clear that despite the threats to foreign journalists, it was the Indonesian and Timorese journalists who were most at the threat from the militia and military attacks. The office was ransacked and burnt during the violence that followed the referendum although it continued to operate from the UN compound until the compound, itself, was evacuated.
Tragically, during the violence that followed the withdrawal of the UN, three journalists were among the many Timorese who were murdered. They were: Sander Thoenes, Tri Agus Muliawan and Nicholaeo Guterres. The office was an important initiative by the IFJ and provides a model that can be used in similar situations.
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15

3. Regional Activity in Africa
IFJ membership in Africa increased by four unions during the Congress period so that the IFJ currently has 31 member organisations in Africa representing around 27,000 journalists on the continent.
IFJ members in Africa continue to face enormous pressures and challenges. Economic and social deprivation persists everywhere. Journalists continue to work under difficult circumstances, often suffering undue pressure from governments and other powerful groups in society and not enjoying full recognition of their social and professional rights.
Political crises erupted in many African countries including the Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Zimbabwe.( See Discussion Paper in Part Three and Safety Fund and Human Rights Report.) But during the Congress period we also saw the end of military dictatorship in Nigeria and the release of the journalists imprisoned there. The IFJ Safety Fund provided assistance for African colleagues and their families in many of the conflict zones.
In March 1999 the IFJ organised a mission to Nigeria to strengthen relations with the NUJ and to launch the two- year Media for Democracy programme for Nigerian journalists. In November 2000 the IFJ, with the participation of Executive Committee member Kabral BlayAmihere, undertook a mission to Sierra Leone in support of the Sierra Leone Association of Journalists who continues to fight for recognition of journalists' rights in an extremely hostile environment.
bas 215
Executive Committee member Farhana Ismail went on two missions to Zimbabwe in 2000 and 2001 at the request of the IFJ affiliate there, which continues to face enormous pressure from the government of President Mugabe. Also parts of the government in Morocco launched an attack on the IFJ affiliate there, which hampered the work of the Regional Adviser M'Jahed Younouss.
In spite of their difficult situation IFJ member unions in Africa participated in the overall IFJ programme of work. As in the other regions conferences on freelances and on authors' rights were organised in Africa and African unions contributed to the further development of IFJ policy in these areas.
In West Africa IFJ members organised a conference on Child Rights and the Media in 1999 following the IFJ World Conference on this issue in Recife. The theme has also been taken up by colleagues in Eastern Africa.
Following the decisions of the African group at the last Congress the IFJ focused on working on a sub- regional level in Africa. Our main partners are the West Africa Journalists' Association and the Eastern Africa Journalists' Association, which was re- launched last year. The Regional Adviser focused on activity in the Northern African rim.
In line with the Congress decision the Southern Africa Journalists' Association( SAJA) was launched at the end of 1999 but faced problems getting off the ground due to the pressures on the Zimbabwe union that had offered to provide the secretariat for SAJA. With the assistance of a project the SAJA will become operational in the coming months.
16

this
As part of the further decentralisation of the IFJ the Executive Committee decided to allocate US$ 20,000 from central funds for IFJ work and representation in Africa. As no agreement on the location of an IFJ regional office had been reached at the last Congress it was decided to organise a conference of IFJ members in Africa. This will take place in 2001 and the union of the Regional Adviser M'Jahed Younouss in Morocco has agreed to host the conference.
Trade union development remains a main focus of IFJ work in the region and the IFJ supports trade union development programmes in several countries including Botswana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. During the Congress period journalists' organisations in Tanzania and Uganda established themselves as trade unions but faced difficulties in obtaining official registration.
A major problem for union organisation of journalists in many countries of Africa is the fact that journalists working for state- owned media are regarded as civil servants and often are not allowed to organise other than in the public service union. At the same time divisions between journalists from private and state- owned media have resulted in two or more journalists' associations being established. Unifying the profession remains a challenge.
While co- operation among IFJ members across the continents remains difficult closer networks have been established in the sub- regions during the Congress period. Work in subSaharan Africa has further received a boost through the new phase of the Media for Democracy in Africa programme, which started in Western and Eastern Africa in 2000 and in Southern Africa in 2001. The programme specifically provides support for the sub- regional organisations of IFJ members and offers an opportunity to reinforce links between IFJ affiliates in the sub- regions and across the continent.
IFJ unions in Northern Africa have continued to extend contacts with their colleagues in Southern Europe and in the Arab countries. They participated actively in the meetings of the journalists of the Mediterranean Region in 1999 and 2000, which focused on public service broadcasting and editorial independence.
Executive Committee members from Africa represented the IFJ in a range of events, notably the conference of the International Labour Organisation in Durban in 2000 and IFJ members were involved in meetings organised by international organisations in Africa.
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17

4. AnRegional Activity in Latin America
Activity Report of the Latin- American Regional Office
Full members:
3
3
a
9
Argentinean Federation of Press Workers, FATPREN.( Regional Counsellor)
National Federation of Journalists of Brazil, FENAJ.( IFJ Vice- presidency)
Trade Union of Journalists of Paraguay, SPP.( Presidency GAL- FIP)
National Association of Journalists, ANP, Peru.( Reserve IFJ Executive Committee)
National Trade Union of Press Workers, SNTP, Venezuela.
National Trade Union of Press Workers, SNTP, Dominican Republic.( Executive Committee member GAL- FIO)
National Trade Union of Press Workers, SNTP, Haiti
Trade Union of Journalists of Panama, SPP
©
National Trade Union of Journalists of Costa Rica, SNP
e
•
•
National Trade Union of Journalists of Nicaragua, SNPN.( Executive Committee member GAL- FIP)
Trade Union of Press Industry Workers and akin, SITINPRES.
National Trade Union of Journalists of El Salvador and akin, SINPESS.( Executive Committee member GAL- FIP)
National News Editors' Trade Union of Mexico, SNRPM.
Associate members
එ
Colombian Circle of Graphical Reporters, CCRG.
�
Journalists Association of Honduras, APH.
The IFJ Regional Office for Latin America was set up in 1990 with two( 2) member organisations. At present, it has thirteen( 13) full members and two( 2) associate members. Its headquarters are in Caracas, Venezuela. Following its restructuring, it has been operating from the National Trade Union of Press Workers( SNTP) premises, where the Regional Co- ordinator and an assistant are based. Its member unions comprise the LatinAmerican Group of the IFJ,( GAL- FIP), whose executive committee has a duration period of three years. Its budget is funded by the National Federation of the Italian Press ( Federazione Nazionale de la Stampa Italiana, FNSI) and the IFJ itself.
Relations With Other Organisations:
612
bm
It is integrated with the Group of Eight. Communication Networks in Latin America and the Caribbean, which are made up of the Latin American Federation of Social Communications Faculties( FELAFACS), the Latin American Association of Broadcasting Training( ALER); the International Centre of Higher Communications Studies for Latin America( CIESPAL); The Latin American Association of Joint Communications( PROA); the" Radio Nederland" Training Centre; the International Audio- visual Coalition for the Development of Democracy( VIDEAZIMUT) and the World Association for Christian Communicators( WACC).
18

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Likewise it carries out joint tasks with the International Trade Secretariats( ITS's), of which the following organisations form part: the International Organisation of Education( IE); the International Organisation of Public Services( ISP); the International Federation of Construction and Timber Workers,( FITCM); the International Federation of Textile, Leather and Shoe Workers( FITTVCC/ ORI); the International Chemical, Energy, Mine and Industry Workers Federation( ICEM); the International Federation of Transport Workers of the" Mercosur" and Union Network International( UNI).
Lines of action
•
Trade Union Training: Advanced Trade Union Training Programme( PISA) for the training of journalist leaders acting as executives within member organisations, allcovering subjects like social management, leadership, decision making, project johandling and self- management.
Human Rights: A watchful attitude and the defence of Human Rights for Journalists through the OFIP, whose headquarters are in Lima, Peru, working from the premises of the National Association of Journalists( ANP).
Copyright: Forms part of the worldwide training campaign and the defence of royalties and copyright Journalists are entitled to.
Equality of Gender: Action policies to ensure equal opportunities for female journalists.
Training on the Coverage of Elections: Training to journalists for the coverage of electoral processes.
IT
Broadcasting: Support to policies in favour of the creation and maintenance of community radio stations.
Media Legislation: Studies and comparative analyses in a Database on legislation relating to the mass media, freedom of speech, broadcasting, professional practice, working conditions and broadcasting media.
Tasks within the region
From 23 to 25 October 2000 a mission from the International Federation of Journalists travelled to Bogota, Colombia, motivated by the dramatic and alarming incidences of violence against journalists within the framework of the undeclared civil war this Latin American country is experiencing, where a hundred and fifty eight( 158) journalists have been assassinated in the course of twenty- four( 24) years. The mission was made up of Chico Santanna( Fenaj- Brasil, IFJ Vice- president); Osvaldo Urriolabeitía ( Secretary General of FATPREN, Regional Counsellor of the IFJ/ Latin America); Roberto Mejía( President of ANP- Peru, Executive Committee Member); Beth Costa ( President of FENAJ); Lorenzo Del Boca( President National Press Federation and
19

th
bro
Antonio Velluto( International Sec. FNSI). For two and a half days they met with the most representative sectors of Colombian society and subsequently submitted a report to the IFJ Executive Committee, which met in Sydney on 8 and 9 December 2000. Their report contained the following proposals:
The setting up of a permanent office for the IFJ in Colombia to give impetus and continuity to our work in this country.
In Canada a a questi as over
•
Support trade union growth for Colombian journalists. The rig
Am
pro
Jay o
1999
Foster training by means of courses, seminars and conferences on professional and trade oriented issues.
The IFJ continues to make efforts to obtain the necessary co- operation in order to set up a solidarity centre in Colombia. Meanwhile joint efforts with the International Trade Secretariats have been intensified, with the object of articulating solidarity with the journalists and the Colombian trade union movement in general.
Projects underway:
There has
drive
emple
Crucial in this Other relations:
Advanced Trade Union Training Programme( PISA): Applied in the region since 1996 for Central and South America and the Caribbean, with the backing of the LO/ TCO of Sweden. Its continuity during 2001 y 2002 is assured.
rep
Communication with the Latin American Federation of Journalists( FELAP), who extended an invitation in November 2000 to attend the Latin American Journalists Meeting held in Panama. Although various Latin American trade unions have dual affiliation, GALFIP maintains an autonomous and diverse line of action and continues to work at its own political assertion under the worldwide principles of the IFJ.
New carri
not yet
forward to 2001, suggest that they promise a
The issue of authors' righ
In June 1999, the Ass
collective action,
go
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infatuation
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being fought
ion launched a wspaper to
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relating to the mass media, freedom of speech, broadcasting professional practice, Working condi and broadcasting media.
Tasks within the region
From 23 to 25 October 2000 a mission from the International Federation of Journalists travelled to Bogota, Colombia
violence against journalists
American country is exper
have been assassinated in the
ted by the dramatic ework
four
alarming incidences of civil war this
( 158)
The mission
up of Chico Santanna( Fenaj- Brasil, IFI Vice- president); Osvaldo Urriolabeitia ( Secretary General FATPREN, Regional Counsellor of the IFJ/ Latin America); Roberto Mejia( President of ANP- Peru, Executive Committee Member): Beth Costa ( President of FENAJ); Lorenzo Del Boca( President National Press Federation and
05

5.
REGIONAL ACTIVITY IN NORTH AMERICA
dw Isvel nuo manque
The last three years have seen a number of actions aimed at defending organising rights, defending intellectual property rights and defending trade union jurisdiction in relation to the advent of online journalism and the Internet. A number of measures have also been implemented in an attempt to defend public broadcasting services, conventional broadcasting and the diversity of information.
In Canada a major strike at the Conrad Black newspaper the Calgary Herald in 1999 raised questions over the right to bargain. Similar critical battles were fought across North America, including a major dispute at Seattle Times in 2000. During the Congress period problems of contraction and restructuring within the industry were accompanied with mass lay- offs in media and new efforts to organise workers in the online world.
10
As new information technologies have developed, media corporations have developed new products disseminated on new media. Some employers are using new technologies to develop companies with a workforce without any professional base and not affiliated to trade unions. The battle for trade union representation rights is being is currently the major issue for all IFJ affiliates in the region.
There has been some success. At Amazon.com the TNG- CWA led a successful organising drive, but the company responded with old- style anti- unionism and laid off 1,300 employees and outsourced some of the work to India.
Crucial in this battle for union representation and social rights across the new information industries is the question of full control over the exploitation of content in new information services.
The content produced by journalists and other media professionals has become essential raw material for the communications industry and unions are determined to ensure that authors have a say over how their work is used. Consequently, our unions have every interest in controlling the rules governing the use of what our members produce.
Dasm ber
New media do not yet constitute a source of substantial income, and the problems of 2000 carried forward to 2001, nevertheless the corporate world's infatuation with online services suggest that they promise a very lucrative future.
The issue of authors' rights has been at the top of the agenda for journalists unions. In June 1999, the Association of Independent Journalists of Quebec( AJIQ- FNC- CSN) took collective action, with the backing of the FNC in Montreal, against 14 Quebecois publications that were violating the authors' rights of their contributors by storing their work on databases without their consent. The case is still before the courts. The ultimate aim is to force the publishers to negotiate a standard contract with our association and to recognize us as the sole representatives of freelance journalists.
In New York, the National Writers' Union launched a successful court action against the New York Times over the failure of the newspaper to consult with journalists and authors over the use of their material in on- line services. This case was being fought out at
21

Supreme Court level when this report went to press and the IFJ submitted an amicus brief in support of the National Writers Union.
On 3 May 2000, World Press Freedom Day, the AJIQ and the FNC in Canada published a letter of support recognizing the association of freelance journalists. This letter was signed by almost 250 bodies including IFJ member unions. Since 3 May, a number of additional signatories have come forward, most notably the Prime Minister of Quebec, Lucien Bouchard. Indeed, we have recently witnessed a trend amongst politicians to seize the opportunity of the changing face of the communications industry in our country to better protect the interests of freelance journalists.
On 22 January, the AJIQ and the FNC published the magazine droits devant, the first Canadian publication dedicated specifically to authors' rights. The product was launched with the backing of a number of major organizations that pledged their commitment to supporting our efforts for trade union recognition and the protection of authors' rights: the National Writers' Union, the Canadian Artists' Union and the Canadian Association of Photographers& Illustrators in Communication.
Chantal Larouche, IFJ Executive Committee member for the region, reports that unionisation in Quebec has fallen by 4% since 1991. This is due in part to changes on the labour market, where employment levels have stagnated in traditionally highly unionised sectors, whilst new jobs are being created in sectors with a low level of unionisation. The labour code, which fails to provide for sectoral unionisation and does not allow for unions for the self- employed, is just one factor complicating the unionisation process.
samolai we
The issue of public service broadcasting has been a major concern for unions, particularly in Canada, where there has been great concern over the future of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's regional network.
IFJ affiliates in the region- the Canadian Media Guild, the FNC and the CEP- have all been active in official hearings regarding the future of broadcasting. The crisis facing broadcasting has led to an unprecedented degree of unity in defence, for example of the Radio Canada mandate. The FNC and the union representing staff employed by Radio Canada's French network aims to campaign vigorously with other IFJ affiliates on this issue. They also joined the Canadian Media Guild which organised a three- day conference on the future of public broadcasting in January 2001 in Ottawa that organisers hope will lead to a new alliance of organisations and individuals in support of public broadcasting.
The issue of press concentration has continued to be a major issue for unions in Canada and the United States. The Quebec daily press will be wholly dominated by just two press groups and across Canada, despite the decision of the Conrad Black group to sell off some of its holdings, the press remains highly concentrated. In the United States, where cross ownership of newspapers and broadcast media is subject to limitation the press market is still dominated by the Gannett Corporation. In Canada the question of cross ownership has become a burning issue with unions calling for the adoption of a new law on information, imposing a limit on concentration, forcing large conglomerates to meet certain obligations for the protection of the quality and diversity of information, and setting out measures for the financial support of the independent press.
IS
22

Asia/ Pacific, LIST OF PROJECT ACTIVITY BY REGION
July 1998- February 2001
Org Par
Asia
All
FES
ors
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Convergence Conference
Globalisation,
1998
challenges to
Seoul, Korea for unions from North- East Asia
unions, media and
Asia/ Pacific, Central Asia and Middle East
Results
Adoption of plan of action, review of impact of new technology on working conditions
Organisers/ Partners
Asia- Pacific Office, Korean affiliates
€ 45.000
LOTCO
Budget/ Donors
€ 18,000 FES
convergence,
relations with other
media workers
Women
Women rights and
1998
South- east Asia
journalists report the media, human
Production of report on the situation of women journalists
Asia Pacific Office
Australian government
rights, women and
IFJ
Trade union
Social status of
1998India
development
journalists,
Dec.
violations of rights
2000
in India
Trade union development
Social status of
1998Thailand
journalists
2000
Globalisation conference
Globalisation,
1999
South Asia
challenges to
unions, media and
Seminars on journalists' rights and union co- operation, review of IFJ work in India, adopted of new strategies Admission of TJA, review of impact of financial crisis, improved recruitment and organisation
Review of impact of new technology and convergence on working conditions
NUJ India, IJU, as of 2000 AINEF, AsiaPacific Office, SJF
Asia- Pacific Office, TJA, SJF
Asia- pacific Office, IFJ unions in SouthEast Asia
€ 12,000 LO/ TCO
€ 17,000 LO/ TCO
€ 18,000 FES
convergence,
relations with other
media workers
1

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in support of
On 3 May 2009
er of suppor
by
250 bod
signatories hav
have com
Boucha
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went to press and the IF submitted an amicus brief
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protect the interests
On 22 January, the
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Chantal Laroche, IF
unionisation in Queb
bub ty to
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to- notsulle or no faqe to
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3 member
Baditionally
seize the country to bette
for the
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broadcast
the sam
a major concern for unions
in, Canada, where there has been gre concern over roadcasting Corporation's regional network
manoinu 101
future of the
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been active in official
broadcasting
Radio Canada
Canada's French
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Asia/ Pacific, Central Asia and Middle East
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Freelance rights
Freelance
1999
conference
journalists
Jakarta for unions from SouthEast Asia Congress)
Trade union development
Social status,
1999Indonesia
human rights,
2001
ethics
Safety of Journalists
Human rights,
1999
East Timor
from
safety of journalists
Results
Adoption of plan of action, review of working conditions, preparation of IFJ/ ILO report on freelances Reform of AJI into trade union, recruitment and launch of
representation at enterprise level
Establishment of journalists' safety office in East Timor, advice to local and foreign journalists, assistance to establish East Timor journalists' association
Organisers/
Partners
Asia- Pacific Office,
Budget/ Donors
€ 17,000
AJI
FES
Asia- Pacific Office,
€ 45,000
AJI, SJF
LO/ TCO
Asia- Pacific Office,
€ 25,000
AJI
IFJ Safety Fund
Women journalists'
Women rights and
1999
Tokyo for unions from Asia
the media, human
1909
conference
rights, women and
2001
Publication of Asia women journalists conference report, expansion of IFJ women network into Asia,
IFJ Tokyo Office
€ 80,000
IFJ
Authors' rights
Authors' rights,
2000
relations with other
Hong Kong for journalists from Adoption of plan of action, review of IFJ East Asia
media workers
Trade union development
Palestine, social
1998Palestine
status of journalists
2001
and journalists' rights
Journalists' Rights
Ethics, human rights
1999
CIS Journalists Report
Global conference
Reform of AJA into trade union: Palestinian Journalists Syndicate, establishment of e- mail network, recruitment and representation strategies, defence of journalists' rights Report on situation of CIS journalists' rights and journalists' unions
IFJ Project Division, PJS, SJF
IFJ Tokyo Office and their sponsors
€ 18,000 FES
€ 45,000 LO/ TCO
Asia Pacific Office, HKJA
IFJ Project Division, Hashuu Naranjargal
€ 5,000 UNESCO
The GAT- FIP
tratand
Americ
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Latin America'
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Globalisation
Globalisation
1998
Recife for unions from Latin
conference
resolutions
America( IFJ Congress)
Media for
Latin America,
1998Latin America( Brazil,
Democracy-
ethics, human
1999
Argentina, Panama etc)
focus elections
rights
Freelance
Freelance
1999
Porto Allegre for unions from
Journalists
Journalists
Latin America
rights
Media law
Latin America,
1999
Latin America
analysis
ethics, human
Results
Input in the IFJ working programme and resolutions, strategies on globalisation Journalists' rights and safety monitoring, successful manuals and seminars, wide public debate on role of
journalists in election coverage
Organisers/ Partners
LARO, FENAJ
LARO, IFJ unions in Latin America
Contribution to IFJ/ ILO survey, adoption LARO, FENAJ
of action plan and review of working
conditions
Study on media law in LA, publication of LARO
CD as reference document for unions
European Commission
€ 16,000 FES
€ 25,000 UNESCO
Budget/ Donors
€ 18,000 FES
€ 80,000
rights
Trade union
Latin America,
1999development
social status,
2001
A wide range of seminars in Latin America
PISA is a Permanent Integral
LARO, SJF
Syndicalism Formation Program
€ 420,000 LOTCO
PISA programme
human rights,
women
supports the preparation of young union leaders in Latin America and the
Caribbean, includes a consolidation
strategy for the syndicalism preparation, professional improvement and human rights. It has trained young union representatives, recruitment, collective bargaining strategies, co- operation among unions
Authors' rights conference
Authors' rights
2000
Caracas for unions from Central America
Review of IFJ Global conference, input in IFJ expert group, discussion of legal regime
LARO, SNTP
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Africa
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Media for
Ethics, human
1998
Sub- Sahara Africa
Democracy-
rights, safety,
Phase III
Kenya, Uganda,
Ethiopia
Trade Union Development
Social status of
1998Ghana
journalists, ethics,
1999
human rights
Trade Union Development
Social status of
1998Tanzania
journalists,
2001
freelance rights
Trade Union Development
Social status of
1998
Angola
journalists, human
rights, safety
Internet and
Globalisation
1999
quality
resolutions, media
journalism
and convergence
conference
Freelance
Rights
Freelance
Journalists
Accra for unions from Western Africa
1999
Harare for unions from Southern Africa
Child rights and the media
Ethics
1999
Banjul for unions from Western
2003
Africa
Results
IFJ missions to Liberia and Ethiopia, support for press houses in Ghana, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, support for WAJA and EAJA, IFJ handbooks for African journalists on Corruption and the Media, Human Rights Reporting, Reporting Ethnic Diversity, Freedom of Information
GJA decided not to reform into trade union but progress was made to improve representation of journalists in existing trade unions
Organisers/ Partners
Project Division, IFJ unions in Africa, WAJA, EAJA, WAN, UNESCO, World Bank
Budget/ Donors
€ 110,000
European and
Commission,
UNESCO, World Bank
Project Division, GJA,€ 8,000 LOTCO SJF
Establishment of TUJ, recruitment drive, Project Division, TUJ, registration process delayed by government
FENAJ mission to Angola but due to communication problems project was not organised
Review of legislation on internet access, review of training needs, examples of use of internet for freedom of expression campaigns Launch of Southern Africa Journalists' Association( SAJA), contributions and review of IFJ/ ILO survey, adoption of plan of action, review of freelance rights in the unions
Report on portrayal of children, joint actions of unions with UNICEF, adoption of plan of action
AJM, SJF
€ 40,000 LOTCO
Project Division, SJA, FENAJ, SJF
€ 18,000 LOTCO
Project Division, GJA,€ 18,000 FES WAJA
Project Division, ZUJ
€ 18,000 FES
Project Division, WAJA
€ 50,000
Sida, UNICEF, Ford Foundation
4

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Africa
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Editorial
Public
1999
Independence in
broadcasting,
Rabat for unions from the Mediterranean area
Public Media
Trade union
Social status of
1999Botswana
development
journalists, ethics
2001
IFJ Algeria
Solidarity with
1996Centre
Algerian journalists, 2000
human rights,
ethics
Media for Democracy
Ethics, human
1999Nigeria
rights, safety, social
2000
status, West Africa
magazine,
intolerance, Nigeria
Authors rights
Authors rights
2000
Media for
Ethics, human
2000Democracy-
rights, safety, social
2003
Phase IV
status, intolerance
Johannesburg for unions from Southern Africa
Western, Eastern Africa, AllAfrica web- site
2000
Trade union development
Social status of
1999Nigeria
journalists, ethics,
2001
women
MFD Southern Africa
Social status,
2001Southern Africa
ethics, Human
2003
rights, intolerance
Results
Support for the Mediterranean group of journalists, adopted of plan of action, highlighting psb problems in Morocco Start of reform of BOJA, not all parts of the project have been implemented Solidarity centre for Algerian journalists, assistance to establish SNJ, resource and training centre, internet training
Established press centre with internet training, published 4th estate, handbook on reporting ethnic conflict, strategies for change of press council, freedom of information law in parliament, legal assistance, press freedom monitoring Improved contact of unions in RROS in the region, follow- up on SAJA idea, adoption of plan of action
Trade union training, support to press houses, creation of media
observatories, human rights reporting, national training structures, anticorruption resource web- site for journalists
Review of status of women journalists, NUJ position on press council, strengthening of local NUJ chapters Establish SAJA, anti- corruption network, trade union development, human rights reporting
Organisers/
Partners
SNPM, IFJ project
Division, IFJ unions in the region
Project Division, BOJA, MWASA Project Division, FIJ Alger
Project Division,
Article 19, RSF, NUJ,
IPC, MRA, JODER, IJC
Project Division, unions in the region
Project Division, WAJA, EAJA, GRET
Project Division, IPC, NUJ
Project Division, SAJA
Budget/ Donors
Financed by SNPM and IFJ unions
€ 25,000
LO/ TCO
€ 72,000
IFJ unions, Dutch
government
€ 260,000 European
Commission, Sida
€ 17,000 FES
€ 270,000 European Commission
€ 90,000 LOTCO
€ 65,000 European
Commission
The Furopean region includes Western Bat
5.

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Europe²
Countries
All former Yugoslavia
Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro
Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia,
Theme
Congress 98 resolutions
Year
Co- ordinating Centre
Ethics, human
Ended
rights, safety,
Dec
former Yugoslavia
1998
Trade union
Social status,
1998development
ethics, former
1999
Yugoslavia
Legal Assistance
Social status,
1998ethics, human
1999
FRY
rights
Journalists'
Human rights,
1999
Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus
rights
social status, ethics
Trade union
Social status,
1999
Russia
development
human rights
MFDRoyaumont Ethics, human Phase I
1999
South- eastern Europe
rights, public
broadcasting,
safety, intolerance,
Turkey
Journalism in Conflict, editorial independence Media Solidarity
Ethics, human
1999Caucasus( Tbilissi, Yerevan)
rights, safety
2000
Human rights,
1999safety, ethics
2000
Albania, Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia
Results
Network of journalists' organisations in region, humanitarian assistance, campaign for journalists' rights Launch of union in Bosnia, trade union reform in RS( Bosnia), creation of union in Montenegro, Serbia programme not fully implemented because of war Legal advice to journalists, assistance in court cases, focus on labour rights
Seminars, review of journalists' status
Supported three local branch offices, preparation of collective agreement, recruitment drive, creation of trade union under umbrella of JUR Network of unions and newsletter, news exchange, reporting diversity, key policies on public service broadcasting conflict reporting, safety, ethics
Two regional conferences, plan of activity, cooperation unions in region
Assistance to journalists during Kosovo war, support for joint actions by journalists in the region
Organisers/ Partners
IFJ member unions, WAN
Project division, IFJ unions
Project Division, IFJ unions
Project Division, BAJ, LUJ, LAJ
Project Division, JUR
Project Division, IFJ unions in the region, media centers, ECWPNM
Project Division, IFJ unions, Yerevan Press Club Project Division, IFJ unions
Budget/ Donors
€ 50,000
EC UNESCO, COE, NED
€ 80,000 European Commission, LOTCO
€ 100,000 European Commission
€ 21,350
Council of Europe € 140,000 European Commission
€ 300,000 European
Commission, OSI
€ 34,000
Council of Europe
€ 80,000
European
Commission
The European region includes Western, Eastern, Southern Europe, Baltic countries, Russia and the Caucasus.
6

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Europe
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Freelance journalists
Freelance
1999
European Union
journalists
Jet Pilot
Convergence,
1998European Union
Globalisation
1999
IFJ Prize
Racism,
1998Europe
Xenophobia,
2000
Intolerance
IMRAX
Racism,
1998European Union
Xenophobia,
2000
Intolerance
Journalism and child rights
Ethics, relations
2000
European Union
with other media
workers
Media for Democracy
Ethics, safety,
2000Southern Eastern Europe
human rights,
2003
public
broadcasting,
social status
Digit Press
Convergence and
2000
European Union
media
Working time study
Social status
2000
European Union
Only remonts for the
Results
Study on freelance journalists, focus on pensions and taxation
Focus on ethics in on- line journalism, CD- Rom, web- discussion list and website with tools for journalists Prize for Excellence in Journalism against racism and xenophobia
International Media Working group against racism and xenophobia
Joint actions with other trade unions, production of report and good practice examples
Defence of public service broadcasting, editorial independence, safety standards, ethics and self- regulation, legal assistance, trade union development
Guide for on- line journalism, project web- site, basis for larger follow up proposal
Study on working time
Organisers/
Partners EFJ
EFJ, NUJ, Dublin Uni., DJV, Ig- Medien, LTC, Keywords Project Division, IFJ unions
Project Division, IFJ unions( NUJ, DVJ, SNJ- CGT, Finnish union)
Project Division, IUF, UNI, WTO
Project Division, IFJ unions in the region, ECWPNM
Project Division, EFJ, FNSI, DJ, SNJ, ULB
EJF, DJV
Budget/ Donors
€ 21,000 European Commission
€ 100,000
European European ESCO Commission
€ 120,000
EC, Council of
Europe
€ 25,000 European Commission
€ 50,000 European Commission
€ 320,000 European
Commission, OSI, LO/ TCO
€ 80,000 European Commission
€ 20,000 European Commission
7

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Worldwide
Theme
Congress 98
Year
Countries
resolutions
Natali Prize for Journalism
Human rights,
1999Worldwide
ethics
2002
Equality and Quality
Women rights,
2000Worldwide
women and the IFJ
2001
Equality and
Women rights,
2001
Worldwide
Quality Global
women and the IFJ
conference
Freelance
Freelance
1999
Worldwide
Journalists
Journalists
Results
Prize for Excellence in reporting human rights, democracy and development
IFJ publication with report on status of women journalists and portrayal of media women and their contribution to press freedom and journalists' rights Conference for women journalists, preparation of IFJ policy for next Congress period, more women delegates at congress expected IFJ/ ILO Report on the Status of Freelance Journalists
Organisers/ Partners Project Division
Project Division, IFJ women working party
Project Division, IFJ women working party
FIP
Budget/ Donors
€ 250,000 European Commission € 65,000
LO/ TCO, UNESCO
€ 70,000 LOTCO
Project Division, FREG
€ 20,000 ILO
Total Number of Projects: 53
Total Number of Activities Supported: ³ 195
Total Project Funding 1998-2001: 3,800,000 Euro
Please note that this number takes account of the individual activities supported by composite projects such as the Media for Democracy projects. Only amounts for the Congress period are considered, for long- term projects budgets are estimated until the end of this Congress period.
8

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20

FIP
IFJ
Report the General Secretary Three: Discussion Documents
International Federation of Journalists XXIV Congress, Seoul, June 11-15th 2001
Journalism in the Information Age
PAT
PER PHO
RUSS
BANC
Land
PART THREE:
DISCUSSION DOCUMENTS

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Report of the General Secretary CASPart Three: Discussion Documents
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Journalists in Peril: An Agenda
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The Human Rights Report to Congress in Seoul reveals how journalism remains a dangerous profession in many corners of the world. In this background paper we highlight a number of case studies Colombia, China and West Africa- where IFJ action is required. Firstly, it may be useful to note that the following countries should be monitored by the IFJ as closely as possible as they are the most dangerous¹ for journalists and media
to work in.
-
INDIA: more than 30 journalists were assassinated during the last 10 years.
MEXICO: More than 30 journalists were killed during the last 10 years. The media receives threats, is intimidated, and attacked.
PAKISTAN: More than 20 journalists were targeted and killed because of their work during the past 10 years.
PERU: 30 journalists have been assassinated over the past 10 years.
PHILIPPINES: More than 20 journalists have been killed during the past 10 years.
RUSSIA: More than 80 journalists have died in Russia over the past 10 years; this includes assassinations but also the Yeltsin Coup and the 1st war in Chechnya, this also includes a number of foreign press.
TURKEY: More than 30 journalists were assassinated over the past 10 years
Additional countries that require urgent attention and where the media suffers threats and assaults, or where the general state of press freedom is particularly restrictive are:
AFGHANISTAN: Afghanistan's ruling Taliban militia maintains a hostile attitude toward journalists and journalism. There are no independent local media. Although several news agencies-- including the BBC, The Associated Press, and Agence France- Presse-- maintain bureaus in Kabul, visas to foreign correspondents are granted only sporadically, and access to conflict areas and to the north of the country, where opposition forces are still entrenched, is routinely denied. Officially, the religious prohibition on photographing or filming people remains in place.
BANGLADESH: Journalists are frequently subjected to physical assault, harassment, and intimidation. Journalists covering strikes are invariably attacked, both by political activists and by the police. Reporting on Bangladesh's highly politicised university campuses is also hazardous, as student activists routinely threaten and harass journalists who probe too
1 Dangerous should be defined here as lethal, violent, or particularly restrictive. The numbers for killed journalists do not reflect war casualties, but assassinations.
1

closely into their affairs. In the southern districts, journalists face violent reprisals for their reporting on criminal syndicates and militant activity. Religious extremists also contribute to the general atmosphere of intolerance in Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh's constitution guarantees freedom of the press, it defines this freedom as" subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality". These caveats give the government discretionary powers and district officials have authority to cancel publishing licenses under the Printing Presses Act of 1973. A Ins
BURMA: With all media controlled by the state, and access to the Internet, modems, fax machines and other communication devices strictly licensed and controlled, local journalists are reduced to reproducing state press releases and regurgitating government propaganda. The official English- language daily, The New Light of Myanmar, and other media are deployed in clumsy official campaigns against" neo- colonial" interference by foreign media, and against the opposition National League for Democracy, led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Burmese journalists working for foreign news agencies in Burma assume that their telephones are tapped, and work under constant pressure to censor their reports or else face harsh reprisals.
CUBA: The Cuban constitution gives the Communist Party the right to control the press; it recognizes" freedom of speech and the press in accordance with the goals of the socialist society." Official news is disseminated through television, radio, or the Communist Party newspaper, Granma. One particularly effective legal weapon against independent journalism is Article 72 of the penal code, which states," Any person shall be deemed dangerous if he or she has shown a proclivity to commit crimes demonstrated by conduct that is in manifest contradiction with the norms of socialist morality". Around 40 have been forced into exile in recent years, but many more have stayed. The IFJ has planned to send a mission to the island, but no action has been taken yet.
DR CONGO: President Laurent Kabila, who was murdered in January 2001, had a tendency to blame his military setbacks on the local and foreign press. The authorities have used" national security" as an excuse to harass, intimidate, and censor independent media. Rebel forces, which control about one third of the vast country, have also been guilty of attacks on the press. Many Congolese journalists feel that press freedom suffered more under President Kabila than it did under the repressive regime of Mobutu Sese Seko. Between May 1997 and December 1999, more than 60 cases of journalists in prison, often without trial or sentence, and dozens more cases of harassment, threats, attacks, and censorship were documented. It is too early to estimate whether the regime of his son Joseph Kabila will reverse this process.
30 guidosryotoq go
IRAN: During 2000, there was a continual struggle between reformists and conservatives over the political direction of the Islamic republic leading to new human rights abuses, notably violations of freedom of expression. Twenty- five independent newspapers and magazines were closed and leading publishers and journalists were imprisoned on vague charges of" insulting Islam". On March 12, a gunman shot and severely wounded Saeid Hajjarian, a director of Sobh- e Emrouz, the reformist newspaper that had taken the lead in exposing the involvement of state officials in extra judicial executions of dissident intellectuals. The gunman was arrested soon afterwards and, together with four coconspirators, tried, and sentenced to fifteen years of imprisonment. The IFJ is still seeking
2

to carry out a mission to Iran after having admitted the Independent Journalists Association into membership.
CASE STUDY: COLOMBIA
especially among
During the last ten years Colombia's armed conflict escalated and as a result, the press found itself in the sights of nearly every party to the increasingly complicated civil war. More than 80 journalists were killed in the line of duty, since 1990, while scores of others were threatened, attacked, or kidnapped. Colombian journalists, many of whom had tolerated extremely dangerous working conditions for two decades, have begun leaving the country in unprecedented numbers during the last two years.
The years 1999 and 2000 have been particularly bad. Toward the end of 1999, journalists started leaving the country at an accelerated pace. At least 13 journalists fled the country in 1999, and many other journalists were trying to leave at year's end. Furthermore, in 1999, at least 16 journalists were kidnapped and later released by left- wing guerrillas or rightwing paramilitary groups. The IFJ has counted a total of 18 journalists killed in those two years.
Political factions in the civil war have perpetrated most of the violence against journalists. But drug traffickers, who launched a campaign against the press in the late 1980s, remain a very real threat.
after
While there have been reports of self- censorship, the Colombian press in general has worked courageously despite facing enormous risks. The press has covered the peace process in great detail while calling for civic participation in the negotiations. In December 1999, the Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa( FLIP), a press freedom group, hosted a meeting in Bogotá with reporters from around the country that led to the creation of a national press freedom network.
In one particularly brutal incident in 2000, El Espectador reporter Jineth Bedoya was abducted on May 25 by paramilitaries while inside La Modelo, Bogotá's maximum- security prison. Bedoya was taken from the lobby in full view of guards, drugged, bound, gagged, and driven to a city three hours away. There she was beaten, tortured, and raped by four men who accused her of being a guerrilla sympathizer. Before abandoning her at a local garbage dump, the men told her they had plans to kill more journalists.
In October 2000 the IFJ Executive Committee authorised a mission to Colombia to investigate the crisis. Following the mission to Colombia last year, the Executive Committee has agreed to support the creation of a Journalists' Solidarity Centre in Bogotá, designed to provide direct support and assistance to journalists in the country. The centre will provide advice and guidance to local media and journalists and give additional support to journalists coming from abroad to cover the on- going conflict in Colombia. It will become, we hope, an independent and vigorous contact point for media and journalists who are working in extremely difficult conditions.
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One of the major problems facing journalists is a lack of professional solidarity. Journalists are divided and as a result they are vulnerable to manipulation by political interests in the country. The Centre, supported by the IFJ's local affiliate organisation, the Circulo
3

Colombiano de Reporteros Graficos, will be a vital meeting point for journalists and will focus on providing concrete and practical support and assistance. The centre will:
• Organise humanitarian support and assistance to journalists and media staff and their families who are the victims of violence;
•
Provide risk- awareness training and useful information to journalists who travelling in areas of high risk;
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Encourage and support professional solidarity among Colombian journalists by providing information facilities for freelance journalists and contacts between different groups of journalists;
Organise meetings, seminars and campaigns to highlight the importance of freedom of expression and a free press and the need for journalists to maintain the highest professional standards.
This centre will be supported by the IFJ Human Rights offices, based in Brussels and Lima, and by the IFJ regional office in Venezuela. The IFJ is seeking financial support for this Centre project and hopes to launch the project later in 2001.
CASE STUDY: CHINA
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Conditions for the heavily- controlled Chinese press worsened noticeably in 1999 and 2000 as an extensive clampdown on dissent and free expression led to fresh arrests of journalists, massive propaganda campaigns and systematic efforts by the secret police to monitor and control the Internet. China has more journalists in jail than any other country in the world.
Communist Party officials issue directives to the media banning any mention of the anniversaries of the Tiananmen Square massacre on June 4, and restrict coverage of other historically significant events to ensure adherence to the
party line.
Press freedom was a key demand of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protesters-" don't force us to lie" was a popular slogan of journalists at the time-- and it remains a primary demand of pro- democracy activists.
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Journalists were forced to participate in numerous propaganda efforts during 1999. Coordinated, state- directed media campaigns were launched against the banned Falun Gong spiritual movement, against pro- democracy activists, and against Tibet's Dalai Lama. During the Tiananmen anniversary period, CNN was thrown off the air in China for several days. In October, editions of Newsweek and Time commemorating the founding of the communist state were barred from sale in China.
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After President Jiang Zemin complained that too many publications were in circulation, new restrictions were announced requiring shippers of printed materials to obtain government permits. With all media subject to state licensing, any attempt to publish without official approval can lead to jail time. A directive in September 1999 called for all
4

publications to be placed under direct Communist Party supervision. The move could lead to the closure of thousands of small publications.
In recent years, China's rapid economic growth has fuelled a surge in Internet use, especially among younger Chinese. But security officials see the new technology as a threat to state control. China's Ministry of State Security now has an entire department devoted to tracking dissidents online.
In 2000, the government attempted to cut off the free flow of information within China and between China and other countries. The Internet and its potential for free exchange of ideas generated particular alarm in official circles, academics, journalists, publishers, and filmmakers all faced censorship. Chinese authorities struggled to gain control of the Internet, with its estimated 16 million users. New regulations issued in March 2000 forbade China- based websites from reporting news from" independent news organizations", thus limiting them to state- controlled sources. China's obsession with controlling the Internet led in early 2001 to the first prosecution of a web- site creator.
In March 2000, some twenty provinces set up special Internet police to expand the sao huang(" sweep away the pulp") campaign, ostensibly aimed at removing pornography from the Internet.
Chinese authorities continued to target the print media and publishing industry. In April, after removing the publisher of two popular newspapers, China Business and Jingping Consumer's Guide, the CCP re- issued stern warnings that the media must" lead the ideology of the people through news propaganda".
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In June, the warnings were backed up the announcement that a new internal directive required all media to uphold the CCP line. In July, editors in about a dozen publishing houses were replaced, demoted, or transferred for flouting the directive. In September, authorities in Taiyuan, Shanxi province confiscated over 60,000 copies of nine" illegal" newspapers and arrested an" illegal" editor- in- chief for setting up and distributing a newspaper without permission.
All of these actions have continued while some of the world's major media conglomerates seek to make arrangements with the Chinese authorities for access to the massive and potentially lucrative Chinese information markets. Statements by executives of News Corporation, Viacom and AOL Time Warner have ignored violations of press freedom in their efforts to secure Government support.
Nevertheless, it must be said that the situation is not entirely bleak. The decision by the Chinese authorities in January 2001 to allow BBC World to be broadcast in upmarket international hotels marked a softening in Beijing's attitude towards the BBC and hinted at the possibility of more changes internally. Other foreign channels, such as CNN and CNBC are already available in hotels and foreign compounds, but in the domestic market China has begun to promote change.
There has been an explosion in the number of channels open to Chinese viewers, with a plethora of cable TV stations offering pop programmes, soap operas and chat shows, all interspersed with advertisements. There has been growth in other media as well, with a
5

profusion of glossy magazines full of gossip and lonely- hearts advice. Local radio stations with phone- in programmes, where listeners call in regularly to complain about local government offices and officials have also grown.
And although the Internet remains a major headache for the authorities, it is an expanding part of the public information space, available to city dwellers in cyber cafes, as well as in universities and privately for those that can afford it.
Although the government sets limits on what can be broadcast and what cannot, and continues to block what it deems to be politically- sensitive media, analysts in China report a significant relaxation in the reporting of economic news, environmental issues, and issues of local corruption which do not have implications on a national level.
Much of this relaxation is felt in southern China where editors tend to be less directly influenced by political control from Beijing. This new pragmatism is perhaps a sign that, in certain areas at least, the limits set by the government on freedom of expression are open to some negotiation around the edges.
How should the IFJ and its member unions respond to these developments? Our Congress in North- east Asia provides an important opportunity for new reflection on the relations with China and Chinese journalists. Our unions in the region- Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea have an important role to play in this process. The Executive Committee has agreed to invite the All China Journalists' Association as observers to the Congress.
-
The new Director General of UNESCO has suggested the creation of an Asia Media Forum to provide a structure for dialogue, could such an initiative be further developed by journalists' unions of the region?
CASE STUDY: WEST AFRICA
Burkina Faso and Liberia
The ghost of Norbert Zongo has haunted the Burkina Faso media scene since the journalist's death in late 1998. The bullet- ridden bodies of Zongo, editor of the private newspaper L'Indépendant, and three other individuals were found in Zongo's burned- out vehicle on December 13, some 50 miles outside the capital, Ouagadougou. Before his death, Zongo had been aggressively investigating allegations that President Compaoré's brother François Compaoré took part in the January 1998 killing of his own chauffeur, David Ouedraogo. The Zongo murder remains a symbolic cause for journalists in the region, who demand that the president makes good on promises about finding the killers.
The Liberian press has been given to self- censorship ever since Charles Taylor and his National People's Party won a landslide victory in the July 1997 elections. Although local media have criticized the Taylor government on social service and development issues, they have generally avoided sensitive security issues such as Taylor's alleged support for Revolutionary United Front rebels in neighbouring Sierra Leone.
In 2000, the government in a bid to stem publicity and criticism of human rights violations by the government increasingly silenced independent voices. Journalists and human rights
6

activists came under increasing attack by President Taylor and other high- ranking government officials, including through threats, physical assaults, and politically motivated criminal charges. In March, Suah Dede, head of the Liberian Press Union was briefly detained without charge after giving a radio interview condemning the closure of two radio stations. In April, Isaac Redd, radio broadcaster on the state radio station, was detained and held without charge for several days by the police. He was later accused of speaking against the president and charged with" criminal malfeasance".
In August 2000, a foreign news team from the United Kingdom( ITN) who were in Liberia to film a documentary, were arrested, charged with espionage, and detained for a week. The film team were accused of filming in restricted areas and seeking to damage the country's image by falsely linking President Charles Taylor to diamond smuggling. They were released following international pressure. Another attempt to silence critical media on the pretext of charges of espionage arose in February 2001 with the arrest of four Liberian journalists working on The News, a daily newspaper critical of the government. The IFJ strongly protested at these charges.
Aware that a large proportion of the population relied on the radio for their news, the government silenced independent radio broadcasting. The government- owned radio station provided the only news broadcasts heard by most Liberians. Two independent radio stations came under attack in March 2000: Star Radio and Radio Veritas, the radio station of the Catholic Church. Star Radio was forcibly closed by government security. Some fifteen police raided the offices, assaulted two journalists, and ransacked and sealed the offices without giving a reason. Radio Veritas was closed down for several days by the government on the grounds that it was making" political" broadcasts.
Nigeria
In February 1999, police raided the editorial offices of the independent Lagos paper The News and the premises of its printing press, arresting several employees. They also seized copies of an edition that carried a headline describing corruption under the Abacha regime. That same month, police arrested Lanre Arogundade, chairman of the Lagos Council of the Nigerian Union of Journalists( NUJ), apparently in connection with his trade- union activities. In May, Arogundade was charged with the murder of a former NUJ member, Bolade Fasasi. The charges seemed politically motivated; they were dropped in August owing to lack of evidence.
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Two journalists were killed while reporting on communal conflicts-- one in April during fighting between the Aguleri and Umuleri communities in Anambra State and one in May during riots between the Hausa Fulani and Zangon- Kataf groups in Kaduna State. In July, a journalist was arrested and allegedly tortured by police while covering brutal fighting between members of the Yoruba and Hausa ethnic groups in the town of Shagamu, in Ogun State, when more than 60 people were killed in just two days. A total of six journalists were killed that year.
Sierra Leone
In 1999, Sierra Leone was the world's most dangerous country for journalists, with a total of 10 journalists killed in the line of duty. The combined rebel forces of the Revolutionary United Front( RUF) and the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council( AFRC) viewed all journalists as" enemies". During a bloody three- week occupation of the capital, Freetown,
7

in January, rebel forces executed at least eight journalists, some together with their families, before being ousted by the Nigerian- led West African peacekeeping force ( ECOMOG).
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Rebel forces also damaged or destroyed the Freetown offices of several news organizations, including those of the independent Concord Times and Standard Times. A ninth journalist was killed in February by ECOMOG soldiers, and a 10th died in prison after authorities denied him medical treatment for tuberculosis until four days before his death. Others journalists were abducted or went into hiding, and some fled into exile. As a result, the whereabouts of many journalists could not be confirmed for several months.
The IFJ has developed a considerable programme of work in West Africa, using the Media For Democracy programme, but give the unstable political situation the region is perilous for journalists. The development of an international code of practice( See Human Rights Report) gives an opportunity to renew efforts to establish minimum standards for health and safety and protection for journalists- including freelancers.
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Issue for Congress 2
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New Media and Globalisation: Changes thewed Organising a Response ooillid
Restructuring of the global media marketplace is leading to ferocious attacks on the social and professional rights of our members. The media industry is undergoing radical change. Vast new conglomerates are being created as the process of technological convergence and the expansion of the global information market takes hold.
The process of globalisation in media involves far greater integration of information and communication systems, is leading to far- reaching changes in employment status and methods of working and sees the world's media dominated by a handful of transnational conglomerates. The global film industry, for instance, is in the hands of seven companies, all of which are part of larger media conglomerates. Likewise, five players, four of which are part of larger media transnationals, dominate the music business. These five companies earn 70 per cent of their revenues outside the United States.
Editorial departments around the world are suffering under waves of cutbacks as media impose harsh cost controls: quality of journalism is suffering, as are trade union and social rights of journalists. Much of the detail of this process has been revealed during the Congress period in the worldwide survey of freelance journalism prepared by the IFJ for the International Labour Organisation.
2
What is significant about changes in the media structure worldwide is not so much control over exported content as increasing transnational control over media distribution and content within nations. While the newspaper business is still played out on a largely national stage, the face of television has changed beyond all recognition. Satellite and cable technology are opening up national markets to scores of new channels and services. Cable owners in the United States are competing fiercely for market share in Europe, Asia and Latin America while media companies are among the major players competing to establish satellite television systems to suit regional and national markets.
Around the world television is the major cultural influence on all societies.( In the United States children watch television for up to four hours a day; in Europe it is only half that, but it is still at all- time record levels and rising.)
Despite the fact that in many countries- such as Norway, Mexico, France, India and South Korea- there are strong traditions of protection for domestic media and cultural industries, there is considerable pressure to open media markets to penetration by the global media conglomerates. The argument that cultural trade barriers jeopardise consumer choice is heard from neo- liberal voices in every country, which strongly oppose state subsidies in the media sector. In Europe, Canada, Japan and Australia the major battle over social and cultural values against market power concerns the future of public service broadcasting.
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Details are available on the IFJ web- site: http://www.ifj.org
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9

But what happens in media is only one dimension of globalisation. There are new levels of corporate influence over developed nations and, at the same time, evidence of an increasing gulf between rich and poor in much of the world. The Human Development Report of the United Nations shows that the concentration of wealth and power is accelerating. More than 40 per cent of global trade is handled by 359 corporations and the wealth of 10 billionaires is worth 1.5 times the income of the 48 poorest countries of the world.³
The global economy, including the media sector, is largely outside the orbit of democratic and industrial accountability and, when it fails, media- workers and journalists suffer like other groups of workers. During the Congress period this was seen most starkly in the recent downturn in Asia. This social crisis adds to the insecurity and uncertainty experienced by thousands of journalists and media staff, many of whom have suffered at the hands of dictatorial and authoritarian regimes that deny fundamental human rights.
The major change brought about through globalisation is the increased mobility of capital and the growth of unstable worldwide financial markets. When they break down they can have devastating consequences as in Asia during 1997 and 1998 when crashing financial companies and large falls in exchange rates led to a substantial increase in poverty and unemployment. The impact was felt elsewhere, such as in Brazil and Russia, for instance, where growth has been damaged as internationally mobile capital has moved out of markets rumoured to be risky.
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Recent recovery in the stock markets in these regions have eased fears of a world- wide economic crisis, but the collapse of confidence in the new technologies and information sector since 2000 has renewed fears of instability and with the danger of increased unemployment and reduction in public services that may damage the social fabric of society. The problem is that the process of globalisation, because it has no social dimension and has no strong framework for regulation, is fundamentally unstable, creating a major risk of financial speculation ruinous to the real economy. Because the state can no longer play the role it played previously, there are no adequate international institutions for the protection of individual freedoms, human rights or for the promotion of social justice- not to mention the preservation of peace.
As a result, street demonstrations at World Trade Organisation meetings in Seattle and Prague in 1999 and 2000 and the organisation of an alternative forum to the Davos World Economic Forum( in Porto Allegre, early in 2001) reflect a growing public concern that globalisation is out of control and requires renovation to bring social and cultural values into the process.
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These missing elements of international administration are keenly felt in the information and communications field. Decisions by News Corporation to censor satellite channels and book publishing companies( HarperCollins, 1998) by removing material critical of China in defence of business interests is chilling evidence that global media enterprises can add to pressures on freedom of expression. The growth of advertising revenues in China- surging at rates of around 40-50 per cent during the 1990s- makes this a lucrative market where moral considerations are sacrificed to satisfy corporate objectives.
3 Human Development Report, UN 1997
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Workers in all industries have seen wages and conditions depressed at both ends of the global economy by labour market forces in the developed countries( through high unemployment or short- contract freelance and temporary labour practices) and by government edict or even brute force in the developing world.
Changes in the Media Landscape
One of the driving forces in the expansion of the media market is the power of advertising, particularly that from transnational companies which provides resources for global expansion. The global media market is dominated by nine conglomerates: AOL Time Warner( US), Bertelsmann( Germany), General Electric, Disney( US), Sony( Japan), Vivendi- Universal( France), News Corporation( US, Australia), AT& T, and Viacom This is the top layer of a highly- concentrated industry. AOL Time Warner, with annual revenues of 28 US$ Billion is some 50 times larger than the world's 50th largest media firm. What distinguishes these players is not just their size but also their global distribution networks.
All of these companies see their future growth dependent upon winning ever- greater shares of the global market. To do that effectively they need to mix production capacity with effective distribution. Only two of the nine are not major content producers and all of them have major stakes in the world music, film and entertainment fields. They have the size and capacity to acquire assets and make partnerships- for instance within the expanding online and telecommunications area- as they are required.
Below the top flight is a second rank of players- around 50 companies- that have major holdings in national or regional niche media and information markets. These are also big companies, among the top 1,000 in the world, including the likes of Gannett, Dow Jones, Thomson and Hollinger from North America and Pearson, Reuters, Reed- Elsevier and Kirch from Europe. This block of some 60- odd companies controls much of the world's media including book, magazine and newspaper publishing, music recording, television, film, cable, satellite production and distribution.
These companies are not competitive in any meaningful sense of the term. There is a complex web of interrelationships in which the largest companies often share major stockholders, own subsidiary companies of each other or have interlocking boards of directors. Each of the ten largest media conglomerates has joint ventures, on average, with seven of the other nine media giants and usually more than one. For the second tier of companies, such links are also essential.
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The global media market is one where major players reach accommodations which will allow each to take a profitable slice of the new information market. As Robert McChesney has observed, the global media scene more closely resembles a cartel than it does a competitive marketplace.
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Variety report on 50 largest media firms, 1997
11

The Impact of Globalisation on Unions and Journalism
Globalisation has diminished the capacity for action by trade unions and the state that has meant less effective collective bargaining and social dialogue. Trade unions are losing members, and only in a minority of countries are the majority of workers organised. According to the ILO unions are adjusting to the challenge in four ways:
• By providing new services for members( including insurance, social benefits, legal advice services, training, communication programmes, etc.)
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By recruiting new groups of workers precarious jobs and informal sector workers
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By expanding trade union co- operation, through transnational campaigns seeking codes and standards on social, environmental and cultural issues
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• By forging new alliances with consumer or grassroots organisations and looking for new industrial partners in pursuit of common interests.
These trends are also visible among unions within the global media and communications industry. Signs of change in recent years have been the rapid growth of freelance and insecure employment patterns and a world- wide struggle to maintain traditional protection for intellectual property- key issues tackled by IFJ unions during the Congress period.
The struggle to maintain social rights and collective bargaining capacity has been made more difficult by the perceptible decline in quality of journalism as it has become an important source of profits for media giants. Investigative journalism and foreign coverage have been cut because they are too expensive. Sensationalist television and low- grade newspaper journalism have contributed to a worldwide debate over quality of journalism and unprecedented anxiety among journalists and others at the consequences for the functioning of political democracies. The issue of quality in media is now a core concern of journalists' unions and will be one of the priority discussions at Congress.( See Discussion Paper Three.)
In these circumstances journalists' trade unions are increasingly conscious of the need to enhance and protect the professional character of the work of journalists. The professional identity of the journalist is a crucial factor in developing a trade union response to the current social and cultural crisis within journalism.
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Towards a Trade Union Strategy For Solidarity
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1. In addition, the complex and global network of ownership and control of the defen world's media requires a trade union response based upon transnational cooperation and involving a range of unions that organise workers from different
sectors.
5 World Labour Report 1997-1998, ILO
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2. With the ICFTU and others, the IFJ already works with other Global Unions like Union Network International to promote a range of demands designed to counter the negative impact of globalisation. These include:
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Defence of public service media and public services in general with stronger actions to protect home- based media production targets
International action to control speculation including the consideration of a global tax on short- term flows of capital with revenues used to fund povertyreducing development programmes
Stronger international control of all financial markets with agreed rules for supervising banks and global standards for regulation of financial e markets and full disclosure of government budgets to combat corruption
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International co- ordination of economic and monetary policies to ensure stable long- term growth and a review of the role of the World Bank and the IMF as demanded by the UN Summit for Social Development so that programmes of lending are based upon respect for human rights, increased employment and reduction of poverty not austerity and deregulation
Social dialogue with trade unions, employers and others to build national and international consensus for sustainable development strategies which are targeted on eliminating poverty, creating employment and sound economic policy based upon full respect for fundamental human rights
Actions to develop codes and standards to be applied in international trade agreements that will ensure respect for labour standards and, for media provide for free expression and journalistic independence.
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Actions to combat corruption and to create openness and transparency public affairs- as illustrated by the IFJ's call in February 2001 for an end to secrecy at the World Bank
3. Towards achieving these objectives unions are considering how to insist that transnational enterprises are obliged to respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the conventions and labour standards of the ILO; by creating transnational structures for social dialogue which give union representatives rights to information, consultation and negotiation; and by establishing a recognised charter of social and cultural rights which must feature in all cross- border trade agreements. The IFJ is looking to develop this approach with other global union partners.
-
4. This process is already underway to a limited degree in Europe( see regional report). - to name only Media mergers, which have taken place within the last years AOL/ Time Warner and CLT- UFA/ Pearson indicate that in an enlarged Europe, the question of information and consultation of employees will be of crucial importance.
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5. To develop this agenda the IFJ must, therefore, give priority to work within the international and regional organisations of the wider trade union movement.
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6. However, a further priority within the IFJ membership must be to identify areas and companies where fruitful co- operation between national unions of journalists and media workers can be encouraged. Initiatives covering Hollinger, Independent Newspapers, Reuters and News Corporation have already been tried with mixed results, but this work must be developed further. The co- operation between Norwegian, German and Polish IFJ affiliates in dealing with companies that operate across common borders over the past year is a hopeful sign of positive action in this
area.
7. Using the web- based tools of the information age is an essential element in the IFJ's future work. A coherent programme of activities is needed to provide national stuz journalists unions with reliable information and a network of trade union contacts within transnational companies.
8. The IFJ working programme for the coming years must be to put in place structures for IFJ members to communicate effectively with each other to identify joint approaches to organisation, bargaining and disputes. Sharing information is the starting point for such work.
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Issue for Congress 3
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Journalism 2001: Equality
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Over the past decade, while the IFJ has expanded its work into all sectors of media and into most corners of the world, democracy and human rights have been core themes behind our new projects and activities. Congress 2001 is not only a good moment to review past work, but also to consider whether our theme tunes should be refreshed.
-
The Media for Democracy programmes, for which we have raised and spent more than € 1,450,000 in the last three years, will continue to be a centrepiece of our work, as will the Human Rights Programme, but the issues facing journalists' unions globalisation, employment restructuring, new forms of work and the challenge of organising new groups of workers- require a review of the issues that are important to journalists; issues that will strengthen existing membership and that will help unions to recruit new members.
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The IFJ has always fostered the belief that professional rights and trade union rights coexist; they have to be fought for together and they are best defended by strong unions that fight for better pay and ethical standards with equal force and passion.
Nevertheless, divisions between different cultures of organisation still hold back the capacity of journalists' unions to grow and prosper- the industrial tradition of trade- union based unions that see social conditions and security of employment as the central priority and professionally- based associations and groups, which often ignore social and labour issues as they focus their attention on ethics, education and the status of journalists.
The debate about equality and quality touches on the question of priorities in the coming years and raises questions about the contribution that the IFJ can make to helping unions to adapt to changing conditions and to the demands of journalists, many of them young people, who need to be further convinced about the importance of joining a union or association of journalists.
The question of equality concerns, of course, the status of women in journalism, the representation of women in media and also the capacity of journalists' unions to represent all of their members fairly and equally. The conference prior to the opening of congress will bring forward suggestions about how the IFJ, and its member unions, can reinforce the work of the women's' working party and convert the passionate debates of the previous two Congresses, about representation of women, into a practical programme of work. motibo bas grieinovbe nov
The work is much needed. In recent years women have had some success in reaching some of the top editorial positions in journalism, but journalism remains a charmed circle of male domination and the role of women remains heavily burdened with traditional stereotypes not just in media reporting but also inside the newsroom. The IFJ survey on the status of women journalists found that world- wide only 1% of decision- making positions in media are held by women.
15

Phil Hall, the former editor of the News of the World, one of the world's biggest selling tabloid newspapers, in the UK, for instance, instituted a policy of recruiting young and attractive female reporters between the ages of 24 and 26, only for their ability to charm unsuspecting and misbehaving men in public office. While" honey trap" journalism is on the rise, women still hold down most of the jobs in the business of" soft" journalism while politics, sport, crime and investigative work remains in the hands of male colleagues.
At the same time the number of journalists from minority groups working in media remains low and stereotypical and inaccurate portrayal of minority groups is a regular feature in media coverage.
This issue is not just about employment policy and social conditions( which are major questions given that most women receive lower pay rates than men) but it is one aspect of the general debate about quality in journalism. Tabloid investigative reporters often work within the blurred divide between" justifiable subterfuge" and entrapment. National and international ethical standards tend to say that journalists must not obtain information using clandestine recording devices, or by using misrepresentation or subterfuge unless it can be justified in the" public interest".
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During the Congress period there were several cases in which journalists were themselves the victims of subterfuge. In Luxembourg and New York during 2000 there were two highprofile cases of police pretending to be news media staff in order to capture hostage takers. In Greece, a journalist offered to give a hostage taker and interview and promptly handed him over to the police.
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These cases show that the relationship between journalists and their sources and the credibility of journalism requires that reporters themselves should be wary of exploitation, and never permit themselves to be used by the police unless they agree or ever to do things they feel to be morally wrong.
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Journalism in the year 2001 is under pressure from all sides governments, advertisers, and media owners and even from populist movements and enthusiastic non- governmental organisations seeking sympathetic coverage for their work. The debate about ethical standards and independence of journalism is current in almost every part of the world.
In the United States and Europe, head- shaking traditionalists have taken up the debate about quality and demanded that accountants, advertisers and sponsors keep their hands off the news agenda. Pressure from advertisers, always with us, is today greater than it has ever been.
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In many countries, where no civil- society based press councils exists, media owners blur the edges between advertising and editorial and often use journalists as little more than public relations hacks for commercial sponsors.
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Corruption and payment of incentives to journalists exists almost everywhere- payments to colleagues to help them travel to press conferences, and" brown- envelope" incentives are a hallmark of the media scene in Africa, Asia and elsewhere. bol
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Journalists who ask too many difficult questions are accused of spying by the authorities from Sierra Leone to Cyprus. At the same time the use of" insult laws" to silence critical and independent journalism touches every region says the Washington- based World Press Freedom Committee.
The struggle to defend journalistic independence is being fought everywhere and where it is not being won quality suffers. We have more journalism, more sources of information and more media than at any time in human history, but everywhere the debate is about falling quality and deterioration in standards of media performance.
This raises questions for the IFJ. Are we doing enough to lobby effectively for editorial independence quality journalism? How can we strengthen this area of work? How can issues of quality and professional independence be made a strategic part of organising strategies for journalists' unions and associations?
Several of the motions before Congress take up the challenge of finding answers. If we really believe, as all of our unions do, that quality journalism is fundamental to the future of media and that quality is fundamental to media in the service of democracy, we shall have to do more to ensure that journalists are aware of their of their social responsibilities towards society and are conscious of their ethical duties.
Securing quality is about creating the legal and social conditions that allow journalists to work freely and effectively, both inside and outside the newsroom. That means a sound legal framework for media, genuine editorial independence and the right to protect sources, transparency in government and freedom of information, safety at work and economic and social security for all who work in journalism.
The time may be right for the IFJ to put issues of quality in media into the centre of our work. The struggle for democracy does not go away, but such a change of direction would allow us to focus on the heart of the matter inside journalism.
The advantage to national unions would be to reinforce their existing programmes' focus on professional rights and give them a further dimension to organising strategies, particularly dealing with new media and the new journalism workforce.
Problems over levels of professionalism are recognised in all IFJ regions, but particularly in countries in political transition where there is an urgent need for better legal, professional and social conditions and local media are vulnerable to exploitation by transnational media owners. The crisis in public broadcasting throughout Eastern Europe and the violations of journalistic standards by newspaper and broadcasting companies from abroad illustrates graphically the importance of quality in developing a democratic media landscape.
Developing a new approach that emphasises quality and public responsibility in journalism requires that the IFJ consults intensively with its members to get the strategy right for each region and that we look to build coalitions with other groups of workers and professionals, not just in media but throughout the public service sector and with relevant groups in civil society. A worldwide campaign for quality could produce enormous benefits for the future
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of public service broadcasting, for the status of journalists and for the capacity of journalists' unions to speak for the professional interests of their members.
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THE INTERNATIONAL
FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS
President: Christopher Warren
Headquarters:
rue Royale, 266
B- 1210 Brussels, Belgium Telephone: 32-2-223 2265 Telefax: 32-2-219 2976 E- Mail: ifi@ifj.org
General Secretary: Aidan White
European Officer: Renate Schroeder
rue Royale, 266
B- 1210 Brussels, Belgium Telephone: 32-2-219 2528 Telefax: 32-2-219 2976
E- Mail: renate.schroeder@ifj.org
Latin American
Officer: Gregorio Salazar
Asia- Pacific Regional Office:
IFJ Tokyo Office:
Chief: Yoshitane Okuda
Staff member: Keiko Katoh
c/ o SNTP
Casa Nacional de Periodistas
Oficina 3, piso 2, Ala<< B>>
Avenida Andres Bello, entre Las
Palmas y La Salle- CARACAS
Telephone: 58-2-793 19 96/ Fax:: 58-2-793 28 83
E- mail: sntp@reacciun.ve or fip@eldish.net
Projects Activities
c/ o Media and Entertainment Arts Alliance
245 Chalmers Street
Redfern 2016, Australia
Telephone: 61-29-333 0999
Telefax: 61-29-333 0933
E- Mail: federal@meaa.aust.com
Itoh Building 203
Kudan Minami 4-2-12
Chiyoda- Ku, TOKYO
Japan T102-0074
Telephone/ Fax 81-3-3239 4055 E- Mail: ifj-okuda@nifty.com
IFJ Algeria Centre
Co- ordinator: Khaled Mahrez
Maison de la Presse Tahar Djaout 1, rue Bachir Attar
Alger, Algeria
Telephone/ fax: 213-2-673 679
E- mail: fijalger@hotmail.com
Z 71