Druckschrift 
Managing election-related violence for democratic stability in Ghana
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Chapter 5 adjustment programme brought the(P)NDC closer to the political centre and marked yet another substantial convergence between the two main political traditions, the appointments to public and political office fed into African patrimonial political theory and also expressed the solid foundation upon which the NDC was built as an umbrella platform that amalgamated the left, the right and the military elements of the PNDC regime into a united political grouping under the Fourth Republic constitutional order . Additionally, the appointments expressed the political leverage that the party founder Rawlings had over the fortunes of the party. No wonder allegations of incumbency abuse were quickly cited by the opposition in the 1992 and 1996 general elections. The human rights record as well as the commitment to institutionalism of the PNDC regime falls outside the remit of this paper. However, differences in approach to the protection of human rights and observance of due process underpin some of 64 the current divisions within the NDC. Current Divisions in the NDC The main political blocs within the NDC revolve around former President Rawlings(and his wife, Nana Konadu Agyemang Rawlings) and President Atta Mills with most of the other Nkrumahist elements within the party(e.g. Ahwoi brothers, Totobi Kwakye, Vice-President Mahama now the sitting President etc.) uniting behind the Atta Mills. In 2008, the NDC won the presidential elections under the leadership of John Evans Atta Mills. Ex-President Rawlings played a key role in campaigning for the NDC. Ahead of the 64 Under the indemnity clauses of the 1992 Constitution, PNDC functionaries and those of previous military regimes are immune from court action. 162