Dr. Almut Wieland-Karimi Director FES-Washington, former director FES-Afghanistan almut@fesdc.org www.fesdc.org “Perspectives on the Future of Democracy in Afghanistan” Presentation at Georgetown University, April 5, 2006 Abstract 1. The democratization process in Afghanistan is in its infant stage and there are still numerous obstacles on the road to democracy and sustainable peace. Democratic institutions have been created and now have to start functioning. 2. In the transition from a failed to a democratic state the right timing for elections is difficult or rather presents a dilemma. While the country needs a legislative body and the international community wants visible results, basic needs of the people(food, health, education) are not met. 3. More focus has to be put on the development of the rule of law. Without a functioning judiciary, efforts in other areas will repeatedly suffer setbacks. The Afghan constitution contains contradictions and is neither truly secular nor truly Islamic. 4. There is no political development without security and economic growth. The main problems are the drug economy, corruption, ongoing militant attacks, and underdevelopment. Strengthening the Afghan ownership, accountability, and establishing better monitoring mechanisms will be crucial. 5. The International community shows comparatively high commitment to peace keeping and peace building in Afghanistan but it does not always speak with one voice, its toolbox for democracy promotion is relatively empty and its commitment is too short. Regional players enhance conflict situations.