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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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16 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation expressedinintegrationinthefinaldeclaration integrationhasindeedallbut disappearedfromtheofficialdiscourseinbiregionalrelations.If furthermore wetakeintoaccountthepresummitconflictsbetweenthemembersofCANwith regardtothemethodofnegotiatingtheFreeTradeAgreement FTA withthe EU wewillclearlyseethecentrifugalforcesinoperationbetweentheposition ofBolivia ontheonehand andthejointpositionofPeruandColombia onthe other.Itshouldcomeasnosurprisethat aheadofthesummit thePeruvian PresidentclearlycalledforadecisionbytheEUtoholdtalksbetweenthe aforementionedcountriesonanindividualbasis adecisiontheEUsnegotiators hadtoacceptinordertoadvancefurtherintheprocess.Asimilarfatecould awaitthecurrentlystallednegotiationswiththeCentralAmericancountries. GreaterflexibilityonthepartoftheEUisthedominantexpectationinLatin America.AlthoughthePresidentshaveconfirmedtheirintentionofupholding thesovereign equality ofallstates atthe Lima Summittheirinterestin revampingtheirrelationswiththeEU wasvisible.Leavingbehind atleast partly themessageofsocialcohesionusedsincetheGuadalajaraSummitin 2004 theLatin Americanparticipantshaveshiftedtheirapproachbyasking Europeforgreaterflexibilityinthe design ofcooperation programmesand compliancewiththeMillennium DevelopmentGoals emphasisingthespecific rolewhich middleincomecountries MICs mustplay.Thesameistrueof referencestothequestforeffectivesocialpolicies whicharebeingdifferentiated bynationalcapacities takingintoaccountsuchinstrumentsasthedirectbudget supportmodalityand debtcancellationforsocialinvestment.Asforthe environmentandsustainabledevelopment thedifferencesinhowthesematters areperceivedarepatent. 3.3 LookingforNewFormats Itisnotjustinstitutionalpoliticaldialogueinparliamentary executiveand civilianformatsthathasprovedtobeaneffectiveinstrumentinbuildingsystems forcooperation industryfocuseddialogueshavealsoflourished.Thepersons responsibleforissuesrelatingtotheenvironment drugsandimmigrationmet aheadoftheSummitandshowedthatthisformatmighthelptoovercomethe traditionallowproductivityattheseevents withtheiradhocmultilateralism. Accordingly greatercontinuity hasbeenachievedintheperiodsbetween summits althoughthematterofsupervisingimplementationoftheagreements achievedatthe presidential meetingsisstillpending.The proposalofthe Peruvianhost Alan Garcíatocommissionthesupervisionoftheagreements achievedinLimabythe 狆狉狅狋犲犿狆狅狉犲 secretariatsin MadridandBuenosAires