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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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38 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation Consequently oilconsumptioninChinaisexpectedtorisefromthecurrent7. 58millionbarrelsofoilperdayto1012millionbarrelsperdayby2015 the majorityofwhichisexpectedtobeimported.Currently Chinaimports53per centoftheoilthatisconsumed.Similartooil thedemandforcoalisalso projectedtorisefrom4 154milliontonnesofcoalequivalent Mtce in2005 to7173 Mtcein2030 withdemandfrom ChinaandIndiaaccountingfor threequartersoftheprojectedincreaseupto2030.CoalisthebasisofChinas powergenerationinfrastructure 80percentofelectricitygeneratedinChina canbelinkedtocoal whichisalsotiedtoapproximately80percentofallof ChinasCO emissions.Mostexpertsbelievethatfortheforeseeablefuture at least30years thisfundamentalrelianceoncoalwillremain ifnotincrease dramatically OfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense2008:10 .By2030 coalwill constitute63percentofChinasenergydemand mix InternationalEnergy Agency2007 .ThedominantroleofcoalinChinasenergymixcomplicates Beijingsabilityto achievecertain abatementobjectives. Asthe Chinese governmentarticulatedinits2008 whitepaper: Chinascoaldominated energymixcannotbesubstantiallychangedinthenearfuture thusmakingthe controlofgreenhousegasemissionsratherdifficult BBC MonitoringAsia PacificPolitical2008 4.犆犺犻狀犪狊犃狆狆狉狅犪犮犺狋狅犆犾犻犿犪狋犲犆犺犪狀犵犲犪狀犱犈狀犲狉犵狔 Chinaisthenewestplayerin worldenergy markets.MajorChineseoil companiesstartedinternationaloperationsinthe1990sandhavemadeimpressive progress.Peacefulenergydevelopmentandinternationalenergycooperationare theinternationaldimensionsofChinasenergypolicy.Chinasenergyintensity definedastheratioofenergyconsumptiontoa measureofthedemandfor services isonlyonefifthofthatoftheEuropeanUnion.ButBeijingisseeking amodelthatwillallowittoresolvetheconflictsbetweenenergyconsumption andenvironmentaldegradation. 4.1 InternalCapacityBuildingtoMeettheClimateChangeandEnergyChallenge Chinaisdevelopingdiverseenergyresourcesandputtinginplaceasystem thatsuppliesstable economicalandcleanenergy.Chinaisworkinghardto developarecyclingeconomysothatitwillgarnerthehighestpossibleeconomic andsocialbenefitswiththelowestpossibleenergyconsumption.Chinahaslaid outmanytasks policiesand measuresfordevelopingaresourceconserving societyandarecyclingeconomy forexampletheConservationLaw 1997 and