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  • The publication analyzes Saudi Arabia’s “double dilemma” in the escalating conflict in Yemen. The Houthi advance and their control of strategically important areas around the Bab al-Mandab Strait threaten both Saudi security and key trade and oil export routes. At the same time, economic pressures and the lack of military support from regional and international partners are narrowing Riyadh’s room for maneuver. The analysis shows that Saudi Arabia must navigate between military deterrence, diplomatic engagement with the Houthis, and the search for new regional partnerships. It concludes by outlining policy options for Saudi Arabia as well as opportunities for Germany and Europe, including stronger support for the Yemeni government, closer coordination in the Red Sea, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at de-escalation. The publication analyzes Saudi Arabia’s “double dilemma” in the escalating conflict in Yemen. The Houthi advance and their control of strategically important areas around the Bab al-Mandab Strait threaten both Saudi security and key trade and oil export routes. At the same time, economic pressures and the lack of military support from regional and international partners are narrowing Riyadh’s room for maneuver. The analysis shows that Saudi Arabia must navigate between military deterrence, diplomatic engagement with the Houthis, and the search for new regional partnerships. It concludes by outlining policy options for Saudi Arabia as well as opportunities for Germany and Europe, including stronger support for the Yemeni government, closer coordination in the Red Sea, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at de-escalation. The publication analyzes Saudi Arabia’s “double dilemma” in the escalating conflict in Yemen. The Houthi advance and their control of strategically important areas around the Bab al-Mandab Strait threaten both Saudi security and key trade and oil export routes. At the same time, economic pressures and the lack of military support from regional and international partners are narrowing Riyadh’s room for maneuver. The analysis shows that Saudi Arabia must navigate between military deterrence, diplomatic engagement with the Houthis, and the search for new regional partnerships. It concludes by outlining policy options for Saudi Arabia as well as opportunities for Germany and Europe, including stronger support for the Yemeni government, closer coordination in the Red Sea, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at de-escalation.