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  • This paper develops a transformative framework for Hamas’s disarmament and Gaza’s transition. It argues that the 20-Point Plan’s security-focused, top-down approach is unlikely to achieve sustainable disarmament because it neglects political integration, local ownership and economic incentives. Drawing on DDR and conflict-transformation research, the paper proposes parallel progress on security, reconstruction, economic recovery and political inclusion. Palestinian self-determination, alongside Israel’s long-term security, should guide the process.