In This Issue Words from YLF Coordinator Page 1 Harvard Concept of Negotiation Page 2 Afghan Youth Parliament Page 4 The Opium Labor Page 6 FRIEDRICH-EBER T-STIF TUNG Add: FES-Afghanistan Office Share Naw, Chahar Rahi Ansari, Yaftali Street. Kabul, Afghanistan. Contact: info@fes.org.af EDITORIAL BOARD Bahram Rahman Humaira Sadeqyar Reza Haidari www.fes.org.af

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 Note From Editor 2008, Year of Hope and Concern Dear Readers: After the successful publication of the first YLF Newsletter, let me thank all of you f or giving us the courage to again work hard for the second issue of the YLF Newsletter. Without your contribution and feedbacks, taking this step w as not easy for us. I am thankful to all those,who contributed to the first issue of the YLF Newsletter. In the year 2007, YLF members expanded the knowledge and skills, gained in the forum, to other youth in different parts of Afghanistan. Their action really has been w orth to praise. In this issue of the Newsletter w e are privileged to put in light the YLF activities outside FES Office in Kabul. They presented YLF not as participants but as a team of trainers active in the society helping other Afghans to gain certain knowledge and skills. It is our aim to reach out each and every young Afghan in corners of Afghanistan, giving the message of peace and democracy through this Newsletter. Once again, I underline thatw ithout a team work it w ill be hard for each of us to set an example for other young Afghans in Afghanistan. At the end I hope that everybody finds this issue interesting and useful. Thanks, Bahram Rahman In these days w e are at the brink of a new year, looking back and looking forw ard in Afghanistan is a story of hope and concern. On one hand, in 2007 Afghanistan continued to move in a positive direction in various fields such as: ¾ Education; as children have returned to school in their millions, ¾ Health care; as basic health care is available in three fourth of the country and ¾ Economy; as the Afghan economy is one of the fastest grow ing economies in South Asia.... Nevertheless, it w ill take far more years until progress can make a substantial difference to the lives of ordinary citizens countryw ide! On the other hand, security has deteriorated and the international community still lacks unity and coordination in its overall approach among donors themselves and w ithin the Afghan government. Inefficiency of the engagement to secure and rebuild Afghanistan is one of the bitter consequences for the people. Despite all our efforts to strengthen the economy and security, w e cannot achieve peace w ithout acknow ledging the truth of the past abuses, and w ithout protecting human rights and rebuilding the rule of law. Ms. Ursula Koch-Laugwitz Country Director of FES-Afghanistan Young Afghan Multipliers The'Young Leaders Forum' is asustainable effort to contribute in bringing up: ¾ young multipliers of skills in communication, management of events& conflicts, leadership and peace building; as w ell as ¾ young activists of values such as tolerance, equality, democracy, human rights, gender balance, social justice and peace. That is in fact, the main output of the w hole program. In the last quarter of 2007, YLF volunteers travelled to many parts of the country and conducted certain training activities for differentAfghan youth groups. Training subjects involved non-violent communication, rhetoric, conflict management and negotiation skills, w hich are all of the essential needs of young Afghans, either students or activists in the civil society arena or both. What these young motivated volunteers found during their contribution to other Afghan youth, is a w orld of enthusiasm, courage and eagerness for change! The current issue of the YLF New sletter is focusing on all these experiences and I invite all dear readers to carefully go through them. The program is going on in 2008 and besides the training activities, the group w ill also hold discussion sessions on differentsocio-political issues of interest among Afghan youth in different parts of the country. I w ould like to thank all dear members of the program w hose consistent efforts have marked another success point: the second issue of the YLF New sletter! Mr. Sulaiman Qeyamat Co-ordinator, FES-Afghanistan Page 1

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 YLF Trainings for Youth on the 'HARVARD Concept of Negotiation' Group exercise during a training workshop on the HARVARD Concept of Negotiation During their intense outreach training programs for active youth in the capital Kabul and in a number of differentprovinces across the country, the volunteer trainers of the'Young Leaders Forum' trained over hundred young Afghans in managing conflict situations, holding successful negotiation meetings and thus contributing in building peace within their environment. The main concept involved in these training activities is called the'HARVARD Negotiation Concept'. One of the main advantages of this concept is its high degree of flexibility as it can be gently applied to managing different conflict levels from interpersonal and family levels to w ider social and political ones. As a result, it becomes one of the broadly used methods in holding successful negotiations among a variety categories of people including individuals, families, businesspeople and politicians. So w hat is inside the w hole concept? The'HARVARD negotiation concept' is simply composed of the follow ing five steps : 1. Don't fight about POSITIONS. 2. Distinguish between the PERSON and the PROBLEM. 3. Concentrate on INTERESTS, not on POSITIONS. 4. Develop OPTIONS w here everyone w ins something. 5. Insist on the application of OBJECTIVE criteria. The YLF training module is properly set for tw o days to provide participants w ith enough information, know ledge and skills on the subject to make them able to apply the method by themselves. The training method is a highly participatory one, consisting of input sessions, group w ork exercises, presentations, w orking on a variety of conflict cases and developing case samples of successful negotiation meetings. Recently the YLF trainers also added a role play at the end, as the final step of the training course tow ards practical application of themethod in participants' personal or professional life. The role play is exactly based on the findings coming out of the case studies during the training, is a complete demonstration of all aspects of conflict management and negotiation regarding that proper case and demonstrated by involved participants. What participants say about the w hole training on the'HARVARD Negotiation Concept? ¾ A young participant from Kabul: “Getting this training, for the first time ever, I f elt I am convinced that conflict is not an indication for the useof force and violence and that thereare proper tools to manage a conflict situation and go forw ard-step by steptow ards a successful negotiation meeting based on several logical options. This is the real meaning of conflict management and successful negotiation.” ¾ Another young participant from Humaira Sadeqyar ØØØØØØØ The mainconceptinv olv ed in these training activities is called the 'HARVARD Negotiation Concept'. ØØØØØØØ “Throughthis training, I learned how tomanage and hopefully endup a conflict situation through a just negotiation for all involvedsides without making onefeelingas the winner andother, as the loser of theconflictcase. In factwith this method no oneloses.” Kunduz: “Through this training, I learned how to manage and hopefully end up a conflict situation through a just negotiation for all involved sides w ithout making one feeling as the w inner and other, as the loser of the conflict case. In fact w ith this method no one loses.” And, that is all true! A final role play showing a negotiation meeting between two participants Page 2

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 The Quest to Reach Others “We are leaving to Mazar-e-Sharif at 8:00 am.” Sulaiman Qayamat FESKabul youth program coordinator said to me w hile w e w ere talking aboutYLF w orkshops on the phone. It has been a month that I, Reza Mohammad Sharifi and Sulaiman w ere planning for conducting w orkshops in provinces. And that day w as the time w e had been w aiting long for it. I picked up all my stuff and rushed to FES-Kabul office to join other colleagues. I entered to office, Sulaiman and Reza w ere w aiting for me. We loaded the flip charts, manuals, training tool box and other stuff in the car and w ere totally ready to go to our first training outside Kabul. it w as the first experience for both of us I and Reza, and w e w ere very excited about it but w ere really fortunate having Sulaiman more experienced than both of us. As w e w ere leaving Rahmat one of the FES-Kabul guards said“You guys have learned a lot here, hope to give it to others. Safar Be Khatar” His w ords really jolted me of having responsibility to carry w ith us to Mazar-e-Sharif.Weleft the office and took the north route to north gate of Kabul, Kotal-e-Khair Khana. I and Reza w ere all the w ay practicing‘The Art of Good Rhetoric’s‘, the topic of our w orkshop in Mazar-eSharif w ith Sulaiman. Sulaiman alw ays encouraged us to w ork as a team.And w e w ere trying our best to stand up to his high expectations. It w as late evening w hen w ereachedto Mazar-e-Sharif, everyone w as really tired enough. We moved quickly to the guest house w hich w as already booked for us. Sulaiman w as alw ays trying to give us confidence, “You tw o can doit. It is true that the boys in Mazar are really smart and skillfull but you are the people only know ing about The Art of Good Rhetoric’s.” His w ords and encouragement really w orked all the time. After tw o more hours of preparation, w e w ere finally ready for the big day. As the sun rose in the city, our new day also started in our lif e. We picked up al our stuff and w ent to the w orkshophal. Fortunately everything w as set andwe w ere w aiting for our participants. They came quite on time and w e did not wait for so long. Just on time, at 9:00 am everyone w as in the hall and w e stood in f ront of them as YLF trainers. In a moment all that I planned in mind to say at start w ent black, but only one thing came to my mind the responsibility to convey w hat w e have gained to other young Afghans. That w as the time w e, I and Reza gained confidence and commencedthe w orkshop. Everything w ent in anexcellent w ay, and boys and girls in Mazare-Sharif w ere really cooperative w ith us. The turnout w as much higher inthe second day. I said to Reza“We have done it”. The w orkshop in Mazar-eSharif w as a real success. The participants w ere very happy and found this w orkshop to be the best in their life.“It has changed my life, I am now confident that I can also speak and convey my message more effectively.” Fahim Kamgar one of the participants said, It w as really a proud for us that w e did carried our responsibility. Mazar-e-Sharif w as just the startof the w ave of w orkshops conducted by YLF members in provinces and in Kabul. One came after another, Kunduz, Herat, Takhar, Faryab, Nangharhar, anda number of w orkshops in Kabul. Finally YLF w as out from the office in Kabulto the corners of Afghanistan reaching young Afghans w ho never had access to the know ledge and skills w e gain in FES’s Young Leaders Forum in Kabul. Truly FES believed in us and gave us the chance to stand and do our job as young leaders; w e are grateful to that. ‰ ØØØØØØØ “It has changedmy life, I am now confidant that I can alsospeak and convey my message more effectively.” Fahim Kamgar, one of the participants Page 3

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 Afghan Youth Parliament and Democracy It w as 8:30 AM in a sunny day of June, 2007 when people of Afghanistan were w atching the opening session of the f irst Afghan Youth Parliament through the National TV live telecast. The members of the Youth Parliament were voting to elect their Speaker and the Administrative Board in the Hall of the Upper House of the National Assembly. One day after the opening of the Youth Parliament there was an increased debate among the people in the streets, schools, public administrations and shopping centers about the successful establishment of the First Youth Parliament as it w ould help in the involvement of youth in the democratization process. It is w orth mentioning that FES’s Young Leaders Forum members; Ms. Marina Joya, Ms.Fatima Hussaini, Mr. Zahir Moen, Mr. Reza Sharifi, Ms. Meena Hussaini and Mr. Abdul Halim played a major role in the training and orientation of the members of Youth Parliament. It was the very first time that Afghan Youth practiced in the democratic elections and open candidacy in their schools and in the presence of the schools’ academic and administrative staff. These proceedings not only helped the successful candidates of the Youth Parliament who actually visited the National Assembly and actively participated in the debates, but it prepared the ground for all students and staff of the schools to find a chance to be informed of and persuaded for the potential leadership and social development roles in their country. Youth are the cross-cutting constituency of the Afghan society vital for implementation of the Afghan National Development Strategy and the Millennium Development Goals both in local and international context. We will witness that the current members of the Afghan Youth Parliament enlist themselves for the next term of the National Assembly candidacy. We also hope that the key leaders and authorities of our country w ill be those inspired by, and involved in the National Youth Parliament of Afghanistan. Jaw aid H. Samadey Members of firstyouth parliamentin Afghanistan duringtheir voting sessionto electtheir president in chamber of Upper House of parliament W H O IS W H O Reza Haidari Is a student of Kabul Science University. He joined YLF in April 2007. Mr Haidari w orks as a designer w ith one of the leading new spapers in Kabul, The 8 am. Furthermore, he has designed many FES’s publications w hich this New sletter is an example of his many creative w orks. Together w ith other YLF members he has conducted a training w orkshop on Rhetoric Skills for students of Kabul Polytechnic University. Mr.Haidari says: “Being in YLF has changed my life and made me to believe on youth pow er.” He is optimistic about the future of Afghanistan and believes on more involvement of young people in the political structure of the country. Najla Sabri One of the most successful faces of YLF, Ms.Sabri has BA degree in English Literature from Kabul University. She is w orkingas a personal assistant and office coordinator in the office of EU Special Representative for Afghanistan. She joined YLF in 2006. She is one of the most committed members of YLF. Ms. Sabri says: “YLF is a good experience in my life to know from others. YLF linked me w ith a bigger netw ork of young Afghans to share experiences and exchange ideas.” She believes that young Af ghans should w ork hard to bring Afghanistan up from ashes of years of w ar. Page 4

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 The Living Sixty Days of my Life Before I go to Germany, I w as thinking that I w ill go to a beautiful country, green and as I had heard about, a country w ithout mountains and full of plain and green lands, a country w ith excessive facilities! I w as going to a country w here the German Language has been borneand as I eagerly like this language I w as so happy to go to an environment w here I can freely speak German! As it w as already planned for me to reside in the historic and beautiful city of Berlin, I alw ays w ished to visit all historic places, monuments and beautiful sights of this marvelous city. Life in Berlin: “Berlin is alw ays w orth a visit.” This popular statement from the ITB Company is absolutely right! Berlin is really a beautiful city. During my stay in Berlin I participated in New York Festival at “Haus der Kulturen der Welt” in presence of the German Foreign Minister Mr. Frank Walter Steinmeier and I w as very happy to visit some German Ministries and German Chancellery on the day of“ Tag der offenen Tür” on 25-26 of August. The good location of my apartment in Berlin provided me w ith the unique opportunity to easily visit all sights and historic places of the city only w ith w alking a short distance.Visiting Brandenburger Tor, Bundestag and Rotes Rathaus w as a normal part of my daily life and it really fascinated me a lot. It also gave me the feeling that w ar torn countries could be built again only w ith hard w ork. What changed in m e? Since Germany is a very modern and advanced country, therefore, time is important for Germans and almost all of them are alw ays on time and appreciating punctuality. Every individual know s his/her duty very w ell and they all look so self-confident. These have all impressed me and after I returnedto my country, I have become more accurate in my time management and time has become more valuable for me. Making realistic daily plans has really let me do all my assignments during the day in a perfect w ay. Since I have lived alone for complete tw o months in Germany, after I returned, I really got the difference betw een living alone and w ith family. I also got w hat friends mean in one's life. And of course I w ill impart my experiences of my internship w ith other YLF members and my colleagues in my society. Inter cultural experience: The existence of tens of museums, theatres, orchestras all around me indicated that Germany is really a cultural country. Also I noticed that different people w ith different religions are all living together peacefully in a free and democratic environment. They exchange ideas and view s among themselves and this is a good example, w hich I am very hopeful to use itfor our w ar torn, multi ethnic, multi linguistic and multi religious country. What I gave to Germ ans: As the issue of terrorism is the provocative question across the w orld today, therefore, there w as no way out of touching this issue in almost all my meetings and visits w ith Germans. In all occasions I tried my best to provide them w ith a realistic picture of Afghanistan today, a picture in big contrast w ith the one media reflect! I tried to convince Germans that terrorism is not similar to Afghanistan or to Islam! But, on the other hand, it is a further political issue than a matter of civilizations. I show ed them how much peaceful and harmless the religion of Islam is! It w as only 60 days but it willlast for years in m y m ind, in m y w ay of life and m y dream s. Mustafa Paaksimaa ØØØØØØØ Mustafa Paaksimaa, 22 years old, is a member of the'Young Leaders Forum'. He is currently studying architecture at Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan . ØØØØØØØ I noticed that different people with different religions areall living together peacefully ina freeand democratic environment. Page 5

The Opium Labor Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 “Matinullah, bring the donkey inside!” Habibullah the father of six children in Helmand province calls his son. He can hardly provide food for his family and he is the only f armer in the village w ho cultivates wheat and cotton in his farm. “But not this year,” Habibullah was speaking in front of the village Mullah in the mosque. He is joining his neighbors in growing poppies to harvest Afghanistan's most lucrative cash crops, opium. “I w ill be a rich man. I w ill also have a Toyota car. Everyone w ill respect me too in the village.” Habibullah says to the Mullah of the village. Across Afghanistan, opium cultivation is surging. It defies all the efforts of the Afghan government and international officials to stop it. Officials are predicting that lands under poppy cultivation will rise by 30 percent or more this year; possibly yielding a record crop of 92% of opium. The trade generated$1 billion for farmers and$1.3 billion for traffickers according to the United Nations, more than half of Afghanistan's national income. It has lured private capital for investment and created a free-market system. With Thuraya satellite phones, farmers in distant Kandahar, a strong source of poppy in the south, know almost in real time about changing weather conditions here in this northeastern province, Badakshan, and adjust prices accordingly. Landowners and traffickers offer credit to farmers willing to grow opium. Trafficking has linked Afghanistan to the global economy. It even brought the first real industry here, a heroinprocessing laboratory that villagers estimated could operate f or six months to a year bef ore Afghan and British f orces destroyed it in January. One local ref erred to it as"the company." How ever, with billions of dollars it produces to others what opium has brought to Matinullah, a 16 years old Afghan boy in Helmand province? He is one of the dozens of young Af ghans forced to leave school and joined in the farming industry of opium.“Life changes with sessions of crops, each session and hard time I work in this field make me far from my real world, I belong to. But I do not have any other option; I must help my father to give his loan back to the drug lord of our village.” Matinullah adds. Within the year of drought and w ar the agricultural industry has been hit mostly to ashes and these formers are the fist been affected. Criminal calculation is partly driving the spread of the drug trade. Residents of southern& south western regions long known for poppy growing have turned into the main distributing crossing the country with loans, expertise and seedpods to generate more opium for heroin laboratories, American, United Nations off icials and Af ghan f armers says. The instability in the south triggered the production of opium and forced young Afghans to work on the field of opium, more students left their schools and universities and joined the farmers in opium field nearly in total reached to 1.8 million young Afghans are w orking on the opium trade. While all efforts by Afghan government has been failed until now to bring back student to their schools; what could be done to stop this lethal crop trade and have young Afghans back in their classrooms? Bahram Rahman Page 6 ØØØØØØØ I do nothave any other option;I musthelpmy father to give his loan back to thedruglord of our village. ØØØØØØØ The tradegenerated$1 billion for farmers and $1.3 billion for traffickers accordingto theUnited Nations, more thanhalf of Afghanistan's national income

: ﻮﺳﻮﻳ ﻪ ﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ېﺪﻧاړو ﻪﭘ ﻮ د ﻮﺷ ىﻻﻮﮐ ﻪ ﻨ ﻪﻟ نﻮﻴﺴﻧاﻮﻨﮐ د ﻮﻟړو ﻪ ﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ د ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ د : ﯥﻧوﻮ رﻻ ﯥﻨﻴ ،اﻮﺧ ﻢﻳﺮﺒﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ زا ار نﺎﻧز ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ رﻮﻄﭼ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻊﻓر نﻮﻴﺴﻧاﻮﻨﻛ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫدﻮﻤﻨﻫر نﺎﻧز ﻮ ـ د ﻰﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎـﺗ لوډ ﺮـه ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻪـﻧوداﻮﻴه ﻪﻟﻮ د ﯥـﭼ ي ﮐو ﻩ ﮐﻮه ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ېد ﻪﭘ وا يﺪﻨﻏو ﻩړا ﻪﭘ ﻞـﭙﺧ ﻪـﭘ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻮﻟړو ﻪ ﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ د ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ ﻪــﺗﺮﭘ ـﻨ مﻮـﮐ ﻪـﻟ ﻩﺮــﺳ ﻮﻠﻳﺎـﺳو ﻮـﻟﺮﻟ ﯥـﮐ سﻻ : ﯥﭼ ﻲﺳوا ﻦﻣژ ﻪﺑ ﯥﮐ ﻩرﻻ ېد ﻪﭘ وا ،يﻮﺒﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﻪ ﭘ ،ﻞﺻا ﻲﻟاوﺮﺑاﺮﺑ د ﻮ وا وو ﻪ ﻨﻳرﺎﻧ د ( ﻒﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﺳا وﺪﻧوړا ﻮﻟﻮ ﻪﭘ ﻢهﺎﻳ وا نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ىﺎ ﻪ ﭘ ىﺎ ىد ﻪ ﻧ ېرﻮﭘ ﻪ ﺳوا ﺮﺗ ﯥﮐ ﻮﻨﻴﻧاﻮﻗ وﺪﻧوړا ورﻮﻧ ﻪﭘ وا ﻲﺷ ىﺎ ﻪﭘ ىﺎ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ وا ىﻮﺷ ﻩﺮﺳ ﻮﻧ ﻴ وﺰﻴﻨهﻮﭘ ،ورﺎﭼ ورﻻ ﻮﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ وا ﻮﻨﻴﻧاﻮﻗ . ﻲﺷ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ د ﻪﮑﻟ ﻮﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ورﻮﻧ وا ﻮﻟﻮﺒﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﭘ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ د ( ب د ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﺳ ورﻮﻧ وا تازﺎﺠﻣ ﯥﮐ ﺖﺧو ﻪﭘ ﺎﻴﺗړا . ﻲﺷو ىﻮﻴﻨﺨﻣ ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ د ېﺪﻧاړو ﻪﭘ ﻮ ﻪ ﻨﻳرﺎﻧ د ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪ ﺨ ﻮﻗ ﻮﻘﺣ د ﻮ د ﺗﻼﻣ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ د ( پ ﻮﻗ ﻮﻘﺣ د ﻮ د وا ي ﮐ ﻰﻠﭘ ﺴﻨﺑ ﻪ ﭘ ۍﺮﺑاﺮﺑ د وو وا ﻪ ﺘﻴﺣﻼﺻﺎﺑ د ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺗﻼﻣ لوډ ﻦﻣﺰﻴﻏا ﻪ ﭘ ،ﻪﺨ ﻪ ﻟ ﻮﺗﺎﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﻟود وا ﻮﻨﻴﭼﺮﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻮﻨﻤﮐاو . ﻲﺷ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ يرﻻ ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ ﻪﻟ ﯥﭼ ،ﺖﮐﺮﺣ وا ﻞﻤﻋ لوډ ﺮه ﻪﻟ ( ت ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ اد وا. ﻲﺷو ىﻮﻴﻨﺨﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،يو ﮎډ ﻪﺨ ﯥﻨﻣژ ېدد ﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﻧﻮ ﺴﻨﺑ وا ﻲﻨﻴﭼﺮﺳ ﻲﺘﻟود ﯥﭼ ﻲﺷ . يﻮﮐ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر د ېﺪﻧاړو ﻪﭘ ﻮ د ﯥﭼ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗ ا مزﻻ ﻪ ﻐه لﻮ ( ث ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،يد ﻦﻳړا ﻩرﺎﭙﻟ ﻮﻟوړو ﻪ ﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ د ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ يرﻮﻟ ﻪ ﻟ ﯥﺴﺳﻮﻣ د ﻢه ﺎﻳ وا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،ي و ﺮه د . ﻲﺷ ﺖﭼوا د ﻪ ﻧ ﯥﻟډ ﯥﻐه ﻪ ﻟ ﯥﭼ ،ﻪ ﻧﻮﻣﺎ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ لﻮ ( ج فﺮﻋ ،ﻮﺗارﺮﻘ ﻣ ، نﻮﻧﺎﻗ لوډ ﺮه د لوړﻮﺟ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪ ﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ د ﻪﻐه د وا نﻮﻤﺳ وا حﻼﺻا د ېرﻼ ﺗ وا ﻞﻣﻻ ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ د ېﺪﻧاړو ﻪ ﭘ ﻮ د ﻩرﺎﭙﻟ ﻮﻟړو . ﻲﺷ ﺖﭼوا ،ي ﻴﮐ ﻪﭘ ﻮ د ﯥﭼ تارﺮﻘﻣ ﻲﻳاﺰﺟ ﻲﻠﻣ لﻮ ( چ ﻩﻮﻐﻟ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﻲ ﺮ ﻞﻣﻻ ﻲﻟاﻮﺨﻳﺮﺗوﺎﺗ د ېﺪﻧاړو . ﻲﺷ ار نز ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴـﻌﺒﺗ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺖﻟود ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻊـﻓر ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖـﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ،هدﺮـﻛ مﻮـﻜﺤﻣ ﻲـﺑ ﻲﻀـﺘﻘﻣ يﺎـﻫراﺰﺑا ﻪـﻴﻠﻛ ﺎـﺑ ار نز زا ﺾﻴـﻌﺒﺗ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷﻲـﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﻳا رد و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ لﺎﺒﻧد ﮓﻧرد : ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﺳا نﻮﻧﺎﻗ رد ،ار دﺮﻣ و نز يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻞﺻا( ﻒﻟا نﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ ﺮـﮔا ،رﻮﺸـﻛ ﺮـﻫ ﻪـﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﻳ و يراﺬـﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎـﺑ و ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﺠﻨﮕﺑ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺸﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ار ﻞـﺻا ﻦـﻳا ﻲـﻠﻤﻋ ﻖـﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺮـﮕﻳد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫهار ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ،ﺮـﮕﻳد تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا و ﻦﻴﻧاﻮـﻗ ﺐﻳﻮﺼـﺗ ﺎﺑ( ب ار نز ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ،تروﺮﺿ ترﻮﺻ رد تازﺎﺠﻣ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ عﻮﻨﻤﻣ يﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ يﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ نﺎﻧز قﻮﻘﺣ زا نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ( پ ار نﺎﻧز زا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ار نادﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ و ﻲﻠﻣ ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ﻲﺘﻟود تﺎﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﺰـﻴﻣآ ﺾﻴـﻌﺒﺗ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ و ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ زا( ت و ﻊـﺟاﺮﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ يراددﻮﺧ نﺎﻧز ؛دﺮﻛ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر ار ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻲﺘﻟود يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻊﻓر ياﺮﺑ ار ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻪﻤﻫ( ث ياﻪﺴـﺳﻮﻣ ﺎـﻳ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ،ﺺﺨـﺷ ﺮـﻫ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ نز ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ذﺎﺨﺗا ار يراﺬـﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ،ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا ﻪﻤﻫ( ج ﺎـﻳ فﺮـﻋ ،تارﺮـﻘﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻧاﻮـﻗ ﻮـﻐﻟ ﺎـﻳ حﻼـﺻا ياﺮـﺑ نز ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﺾﻴـﻌﺒﺗ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ار دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫشور ؛،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺾﻴـﻌﺒﺗ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ار ﻲﻠﻣ ﻲﻳاﺰﺟ تارﺮﻘﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ( چ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻮﻐﻟ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ نز ﻪﻴﻠﻋ Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 ØØØ ØØØØ ﺎﻴﻧد ﻪﺑ دازآ ﺮﺸﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻤﻫ و ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا و ﺪﻧاهﺪﻣآ ﻖﺣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﭻﻴﻫ نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻧراد قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ زا ،يﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ﺪﻨﻣهﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ و ﻲﻧﺪﻣ . ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ Page 7

Issue No: 2 ™ 15 Feb 2008 How to Eliminate Discrimination Against Women Guidelines from the Convention of Elimination of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW) States parties condemn discrimination against w omen in all its forms, agreeto pursue by all appropriate means and w ithout delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against w omen and, to this end, undertake: a) to embody the principle of the equality of men and w omen in their national constitutions or other appropriate legislation if not yet incorporated therein and to ensure, through law and other appropriate means, the practical realization of this principle; b) to adopt appropriate legislative and other measures, including sanctions w here appropriate, prohibiting all discrimination against w omen; c) to establish legal protection of the rights of w omen on an equal basis w ith men and to ensure through competent nationnal tribunals and other public institutions the effective protection of w omen against any act of discrimination; d) to ref rain f rom engaging in any act or practice of discrimination against w omen and to ensure that public authorities and institutions shall act in conformity w ith this obligation; e) to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against w omen by any person, organization or enterprise; f) to take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing law s, regulations, customs and practices w hich constitute discrimination against w omen; g) to repeal all national penal provisions w hich constitute discrimination against w omen . ‰ YLF in Their Own Words: “2005, w as the year w hich linked me to the w orld of FES’s Young Leaders Forum” Ms. Azita Rafat member of Afghan Low er House of Parliament and FES’s Young Leaders Forum says. She joined YLF to build the bridge betw een young Afghans and Afghan Parliament. Ms. Rafat says“While being a member of the Young Leaders Forum, I found particularly the discussion forums on topics related to Afghanistan’s current socio-political issues very beneficial and practical. Sharing different opinions on a variety of socio-political issues turned me to have a w ider understanding and forw ard look to current situations of Afghanistan.” Ms. Rafat has also set a youth organization in Badghis province actively w orking in different matters like tackling gender discrimination, role of youth in politics and above all condition of youths in Badghis province. She is strongly trying to bridge YLF to this provincial youth organization to extend YLF activities to Badghis province. “For me YLF is the best w ay to further strengthen understanding and unity among Afghan youth as it has helped for opening w indow s betw een youth from the provinces and youth fromthe capital Kabul, to share their ideas, problems and challenges.” Ms. Azita Rafat. ™ ØØØØØØØ Ms. Azita Rafat member of YLF and lower house of Afghan Parliament Page 8

؟ﻩد ﻪ ﻩﻮﻳ مﻮﮐ Which one is better? ؟ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻚﻳ ماﺪﻛ