ELECTIONS 2004 ELECTIONS 2004 Ghana´s Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

GHANA’S PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 2004

Published by the Electoral Commission of Ghana, with support of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Accra November, 2005 ISBN: Printed& designed by O’mens graphix, Accra www.omens-graphix.com Tel. 021-238098

CONTENT 1. The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections by the Electoral Commission of Ghana 1 Foreword...............................................................................2 Part 1- The Electoral System...............................................................3 Part 2- Preparations towards the Holding of the 2004 General Elections............................9 Part 3- The Contest and the Contestants....................................................28 Part 4- Election Supervision, Monitoring and Observation.......................................71 2. Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections by Joseph R.A. Ayee 79 Introduction............................................................................80 Part 1- The Concept of Ethnicity...........................................................81 Part 2- Manifestations of Ethnicity in Ghanaian Politics since Independence........................83 Part 3- Voting Patterns in the 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 Elections...............................88 Part 4- Conclusions: Explaining the Voting Patterns and the Lessons..............................90 References............................................................................98 3. Changes in Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson 99 Change in Voting Patterns in Ghana’s 2000 and 2004 General Elections...........................100 Explaining the shift from NDC to NPP: 2000 Elections.........................................103 The Poverty Factor.....................................................................105 The voting pattern in Ghana’s 2004 elections................................................106 The Gender Factor.....................................................................109 Some Conclusions.....................................................................112 References...........................................................................113

4. Parliamentary Election Results by the Electoral Commission of Ghana 115 for Region ASHANTI....................................................................117 for Region BRONG AHAFO..............................................................131 for Region CENTRAL...................................................................141 for Region EASTERN...................................................................149 for Region GREATER ACCRA............................................................161 for Region NORTHERN.................................................................173 for Region UPPER EAST................................................................183 for Region UPPER WEST...............................................................189 for Region VOLTA......................................................................195 for Region WESTERN..................................................................205 5. Appendices 213 List of Tables..........................................................................213 List of Figures.........................................................................215

THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS by the Electoral Commission 1

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections FOREWORD The current Electoral Commission, which came into existence in 1993, has been in continuous operation for close to twelve(12) years. Within that period, the Commission has organised three(3) general and district level elections alternatively at two (2) years intervals. It has also conducted several by-elections at both national and district levels and undertaken many other important election related exercises. Especially, at the level of the general elections, where the greatest challenge comes from the highly competitive and partisan nature of the elections, the Commission has exhibited great capacity and integrity and recorded a high level of success. All this has been possible because of effective leadership of the Commission, the dedication and commitment of its staff, and the cooperation of its stakeholders. Consultation and collaboration with both local and international partners have also been immensely useful. The way forward for the Commission certainly lies in constant self-appraisal and self-renewal, positive response to constructive criticism and judicious use of resources. In this regard, it is hoped that the stakeholders and our partners, local and foreign, will continue to support the Commission to efficiently play its role towards the consolidation of democracy in Ghana. 2

PART 1- THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM by the Electoral Commission INTRODUCTION One of the fundamental principles underlying the Ghanaian political system is that every adult citizen has the right to participate, either personally or through an elected representative, in the making of the decisions that affect his/her life. Consequently the 1992 constitution provided for the creation of an Electoral Commission with the following functions: • To compile the register of voters and revise it at prescribed periods • To demarcate the electoral boundaries for national and local government elections • To conduct and supervise all public elections and referenda • To educate the people on the electoral process and its purpose • To undertake programmes for the expansion of the registration of voters • To perform other functions as may be prescribed by law The Chairman of the Commission is the chief coordinator of the activities of the Commission. The two deputy chairmen, who do the coordination within their functional areas, assist him in this. At the regional level, the Regional Director coordinates the activities of the District Officers. In all its activities, the Commission derives guidance and sense of direction from its mission statement: “The Electoral Commission is a Constitutional body whose mandate is to deliver free and fair elections as a means of advancing the course of democracy and good governance in Ghana”. 3

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections THE BASIC FEATURES OF THE GHANAIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM The following are the basic characteristics of the Ghanaian electoral system: • Universal adult suffrage • Yearly registration of voters • Voluntary participation in registration and voting • Where you register is where you vote • General elections(presidential, parliamentary, and local level elections) • Partisan politics at the national level only • National and local level elections alternate at two year intervals • Secret ballot • Use of Identity Card issued by the Electoral Commission to establish voter’s identity and to prevent impersonation. • Presidential and parliamentary elections held on the same day • First-past-the-post at the parliamentary level and absolute majority at the presidential level • Run-off, if no winner emerges in the first round of a presidential election • Use of indelible ink(electoral stain) to prevent mutiple voting • No minimum voter turnout required at public elections • An Electoral Commission as a corporate entity with the capacity to acquire and own property and to sue and be sued • Political parties as corporate bodies 4

by the Electoral Commission THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION The Electoral Commission is one of the governance institutions provided for under the 1992 Constitution. The Commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act(Act 451) of 1993. It was set up purposely to manage all matters directly related to the conduct of elections in the country. It is made up of 7 members – a chairman, 2 deputy chairmen and 4 other members. The commission has administrative and regulatory powers. The members meet regularly to make policy for implementation on day-to-day basis by the chairman and his two deputies.Two Coordinating Directors, a number of Directors and Departmental/Sectional heads assist the chairman and the two deputies in the administration of the commission. The Commissioners The current membership of the Commission, which was inaugurated in July 1993, is as follows: DR. KWADWO AFARI-GYAN, Chairman: Before becoming an election administrator, he taught at universities in America, Ghana and Nigeria for nearly two decades. In 1991 he served as a member of the Committee of Experts that drafted proposals for the 4 th Republican Constitution of Ghana. In 1992 he became a deputy chairman of the Interim National Electoral Commission(INEC), which conducted a referendum on the constitution and the subsequent presidential and parliamentary elections. He has been the chairman of the Commission since 1993 and Executive Secretary of the African Association of Election Authorities(AAEA) since 1998. He has done electoral work in several countries in and ouside Africa under the auspices of various international organisations. He holds a BA degree in philosophy and MA in African politics from the University of Ghana, Legon, and a PhD in political science from the University of California at Santa Barbarara, where he was a Fulbright scholar. He has written four books and several articles on political, constitutional and electoral issues. 5

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections MR. DAVID AZEY ADEENZE-KANGAH, Deputy Chairman in charge of Finance and Administration: He holds a BSc. degree and Diploma in Education from the University of Cape Coast. He has done post-graduate studies at the Universities of London and Leeds in the U.K. and holds a MA in Conflict Resolution from Antioch University, Ohio, in the United States. An educationist,(a headmaster for 17 years), he served as a member of the National Commission for Democracy(NCD) and the Interim National Electoral Commission (INEC). He has been with the Commission since 1993. He is a consultant on conflict, a member of the US based Association for Conlict Resolution(ACR) and was the board chairman of WANEP(West Africa Network of Peacebuilders) for a number of years. MR. KWADWO SARFO-KANTANKA, Deputy Chairman in charge of Operations: A barrister at law, he received his LL.B degree from the University of Ghana, Legon. He was in private legal practice before his current appointment. Mr Sarfo Kantanka assumed office in March 1995 to replace the late Mr. Dixon Afreh who was appointed a justice of the Appeal Court in October 1994. Changes in the membership of the commission In June 1995, Dr. M. T. K. Puni, a member of the Commission, died and in February 2004 Ms. Elizabeth Solomon, Mrs. Theresa Cole, and Professor Ernest Dumor, all members of the Commission, retired from active service on account of age. In their places, the President of the Republic of Ghana, on the advice of the Council of State, appointed other persons as members of the Commission to fill the vacancies so created. They are: MRS. PAULINE ADOBEA DADZAWA: A practitioner in Human Resource Management, she holds a BA (Hons) Degree in Spanish, French and Linguistics and a certificate in Human Resource Management. She has worked in other West African countries. She has attended a number of courses and seminars to qualify as an International Civil Servant. MR. EBENEZER AGGREY FYNN: He holds a BA(Hons) in Sociology with Political Science and an MBA in Marketing from the University of Ghana, Legon. He has considerable experience in industry as a manager, entrepreneur and consultant. 6

by the Electoral Commission NANA AMBA EYIABA I: She is krontihemaa of Oguaa Traditional Area and has served on a number of Commissions and Boards. She holds a B.ED degree in Psychology(Post Dip.). At the time of her appointment, she was pursuing an M.Phil degree in Educational Administration. An educationist, she has taught for thirty-two(32) years. She is a consultant on culture. MS. EUNICE AKWELEY ROBERTS: She is a graduate of the University of Cape Coast and has several academic qualifications. Until her appointment, she was the Personnel and Enquiry Centre Manageress of Challenge Enterprises of Ghana. Before then, she taught for a period of eight years. She has served on a number of boards and committees and she has authored several publications. Permanent staff of the commission The permanent staff of the Commission is made up as follows: • Coordinating Directors(one for Operations and one for Finance and Administration) • Directors(seven at head office and ten in the regions) • District Officers(one hundred and thirty-eight) • Other Senior Officers(twenty at headoffice and thirteen in the regions) • Over a thousand staff of various categories distributed among the headoffice and the regional and district offices. Temporary staff of the commission The Commission recruits thousands of temporary staff to carry out major field exercises like the registration of voters and the conduct of elections. For these purposes, the Commission currently operates over twenty-one thousand registration and polling centres throughout the country and engages over hundred thousand field staff for general and presidential elections. 7

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Independance of the commission Article 46 of the 1992 Constitution provides that“in the performance of its functions, the Electoral Commission shall not be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority” except as provided in the constitution or any other law not inconsistent with the constitution. The organizational structure and mission of the commission The Commission is organized into two major functional divisions – Operations; and Finance& Administration – each of which is headed by a deputy chairman. In turn, each functional division is sub-divided into departments, headed by directors. Some of the departments are further divided into sections headed by sectional heads. The head office of the Commission is located in Accra on 8 th Avenue, opposite, Ridge Hospital. Under article 52 of the 1992 Constitution, the Commission is required to have representation in each administrative region and district of Ghana. Accordingly, the Commission has offices in the country’s 10 regional capitals headed by Directors and 138 district offices headed by District Electoral Officers. Appendix 1 shows the current organizational structure of the Electoral Commission. 8

by the Electoral Commission PART 2- PREPARATIONS TOWARDS THE HOLDING OF THE 2004 GENERAL ELECTIONS Preparations towards the 2004 elections started far in advance in view of the fact that the Commission operates on a rolling budget. Moreover, such activities as the review of election boundaries and the replacement of the voter’s register, which were to precede the 2004 elections, took some time to accomplish. Consequently, the review of the electoral boundaries towards the 2004 elections was undertaken in 2003, and the replacement of the voter’s registers was accomplished in November 2004. DEMARCATION OF ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES Constituencies, which return representatives to parliament, are required to have more or less equal population in order to give effect to the principle of equal representation. This, however, is the ideal rather than the rule, since population is not equally distributed and the use of population alone invariably leads to the concentration of representation in densely populated areas. Population growth and movement, urban expansion, and demands for the creation of additional electoral districts are all factors that make it necessary for electoral boundaries to be reviewed from time to time. • The Representation of the peoples l(P.N.D.C. L.284) is the aperative law for demarcation of electoral boundaries. It provides that; section 3(1) The Commission shall review the division of Ghana into Constituencies at intervals of not less than seven(7) years or within twelve(12) months after the publication of enumeration figures after the holding of a census of the population of Ghana, whichever is earlier and may, as result, alter the boundaries of the constituencies. • Section 3(2) where the boundaries of a constituency established under section(1) are altered as a result of a review, the alteration shall come into effect on the next dissolution of Parliament. 9

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Prior to 2004, the last time any serious look was taken at electoral boundaries was in 1992, when the number of constituencies was increased from 140 to 200. In 2003, the government responded to calls for the creation of new administrative districts and, as required by law, called on the Electoral Commission to advise it on the demarcation of the proposed districts. This activity increased the number of districts from 110 to 138. Since the boundaries of constituencies, by law, cannot go beyond the boundaries of a district, this meant an automatic increase in the number of constituencies. In response to this, but also as required by the release of population figures of a census done in 2000, the Commission undertook a demarcation exercise in 2003, which brought the number of constituencies up from 200 to 230. This exercise involved a lot of planning and consultations. Discussions were held with the government, parliament, traditional authorities, local opinionleaders, district assemblies, political parties and other stakeholders. To give the newly created constituencies the necessary legal backing a Constitutional Instrument(C.I. 46) was made. 10

TABLE(1): The List of the new Constituencies created in 2004 Region Western District Shama Ahanta East Old Constituency. Sekondi Sefwi-Wiawso Sefwi-Wiawso Aowin-Suaman Aowin-Suaman Central Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyra Upper Denkyra Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyra Upper Denkyra Greater Accra Dangbe East Ada Tema Municipality Ashiaman Ga North Ga North Ga South Ga South by the Electoral Commission New Constituency Sekondi 1. Essikado/ Ketan Sefwi-Wiawso 2. Sefwi-Akontonbra Aowin 3. Suaman Twifo/ Esti /Morkwaa 4. Hemang- Lower Denkyra Upper Denkyra East 5. Upper Denkyra West Ada 6. Sege Ashiaman 7. Adenta Abokobi/ Madina 8. Dome/ Kwabenya Tro-Bu/ Amasaman 9. Domeabra/ Obom 10.Weija 11

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Region Volta Eastern Ashanti District North Tongu Nkwanta Krachi Birim North Abuakwa Bantama Manhyia Asokwa Adansi West Kwabre Old Constituency. North Tongu Nkwanta Krachi Birim North Abuakwa Bantama Old Tafo/ Suame Asokwa East Asokwa Weat Obuasi Kwabre New Constituency 11. North Tongu Central Tongu 12. Nkwanta North Nkwanta South 13. Krachi East Krachi West Abirem 14. Ofoasi /Ayirebi Abuakwa South 15. Abuakwa North Bantama 16. Nhyiaeso 17. Kwadaso 18. Old Tafo/ Suame Asawase Asokwa 19. Oforikrom Obuasi 20. Akrofuom Kwabre East 21. Kwabre West 12

by the Electoral Commission Region Brong Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West District Jaman Nkoranza Kintampo Gushiegu-Karaga Tamale West Mamprusi Bawku East Wa Sissala Old Constituency. Jaman Nkoranza Kintampo Gushiegu-Karaga Choggu-Tishigu Gukpegu-Sabonjida Walewale Bawku Central Wa Central Sissala New Constituency Jaman South 22. Jaman North Nkoranza South 23. Nkoranza North Kintampo North 24. Kintampo South Gushiegu 25. Karaga Tamale North Tamale Central 26. Tamale South Walewale East 27. Walewale West(Yagaba/ Kubori) Bawku Central 28. Pusiga Wa Central 29. Wa West Sissala East 30. Sissala West Some people argued that the newly created constituencies could not be put into effect for the 2004 elections. The matter was brought before the Supreme Court which ruled that, the new constiuencies would have legal existence 13

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(2): Regional Distribution of Constituencies in Ghana for the 2004 General Elections. Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/ Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West National Total As at 2003 19 17 22 19 26 33 21 23 12 8 200 2004 additional constituencies created 3 2 5 3 2 6 3 3 1 2 30 Total 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 14

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(3): Statistics Relating to Changes in the Number of Districts and Constituencies in the Country Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/East U/West National Total Land area (sq miles) 9,236 3,185 995 7,943 7,698 9,417 15,273 27,175 3,516 7,032 91,470 Pop. asat 2000 1,924,577 1,593,823 2,905,726 1,635,421 2,106,696 3,612,950 1,815,408 1,820,806 920,089 576,583 18,912,079 Pop. based on weight of 9 0.916 0.758 1.383 0.778 1.003 1.719 0.864 0.866 0.438 0.274 8.999 Land based on weight of 1 0.100 0.041 0.011 0.086 0.084 0.102 0.166 0.295 0.038 0.076 0.999 Total Land& Pop. by weight 1.016 0.799 1.394 0.864 1.087 1.821 1.030 1.161 0.476 0.350 9.998 No. of dist. as at 2000 13 12 10 12 15 21 13 13 6 5 120 No. of dist. as at 2004 15 13 11 15 17 24 19 18 8 8 138 No. of const. as at 2000 19 17 22 19 26 33 21 23 12 8 200 No. of const. as at 2004 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 15

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections ELECTION BUDGET The Electoral Commission is a subvented organization, which draws its funds from the Consolidated Fund through budgetary allocation. In 2004, the Electoral Commission submitted an estimate of 234 billion cedis(about 24 million US dollars) to the government to cover the registration of voters, the exhibition of the voters register and the conduct of the presidential and parliamentary elections. Out of the amount government provided, 60% and the remaining 40% came from its Development Partners. PROCUREMENT OF ELECTION MATERIALS For purposes of procuring election materials, the Commission formed a Tender Committee in accordance with the Public Procurement Act 2004(Act 663). The committee was headed by the Chairman of the Commission(or his representative). The other members of the committee included the following: • Three Directors of the Electoral Commission • Two Parliamentarians • A representative of the Ministry of Finance • The Chief Accountant of the Commission A representative of the donors was in attendance at its getterings. All procurements were undertaken in accordance with the Public Precurement Act 2004. Due mainly to serious time constraints the Tender Committee obtained approval from the National Procurement Board to procure some of the goods and services through selective tendering. It also obtained government approval for offshore election materials to be procured without the relevant taxes. 16

by the Electoral Commission Listed below are some of the materials procured from foreign and local sources. No. Foreign 1 Registration Forms 2 Registration Amendment Forms 3 Cameras 4 Films 5 Fotofix 6 Thumbprint pads 7 Seals 8 Ballot Boxes 9 Scanners 10 Indelible Ink 11 Lanterns No. Local 1 Batteries 2 Pens& Pencils 3 Scissors 4 Ropes 5 Erazers 6 Voting Screen 7 Endorsing Ink 8 Twine 9 Ballot papers 10 Forms, Posters, etc 11 Vehicles 17

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections REGISTRATION OF VOTERS At the time the preparations towards the holding of the 2004 elections commenced, the existing voters register had been in existence since 1995, when it was first compiled. Even though efforts had been made to review the register annually since then, it was believed that it had nonetheless accumulated such expired data as to render it undependable. In fact, the results of the 2000 population census, which put Ghana’s total population at a little over eighteen million(18,000,000), suggested that the registered voter population of over ten million persons at that time was statistically untenable. Alterations to the boundaries of the constituencies and the districts, subsequent to the review of districts and constituencies carried out earlier, also entailed considerable dislocation of the existing electoral codes. For these reasons, the political parties agreed with the Commission that the voters register must be replaced. The Commission took advantage of the new registration to enhance the reliability and dependability of the voters register. Two pictures of the voter were taken: one was placed on the voter’s ID card, and the other was placed against his/her name in the register as a means of checking impersonation. Additionally, the stored copies of the photographs in the database provide a more secure and cost effective means of replacing lost ID cards without having to retake pictures. As is the practice in connection with all major activities, an elaborate and intensive programme of public education preceded the voter registration exercise. Apart from the Commission’s own efforts, the programme received active collaboration from the National Commission for Civic Education(NCCE), the media, religious groups, and several public interest organisations. In order to reach the remotest parts of the country, the Commission developed a voter awareness program which involved the use of itinerant voter educators who moved from village to village within well defined zones to sensitize the people about the upcoming exercise. The voter registration exercise lasted a period of two weeks, that is from 16 th to 29 th March 2004. As it is the practice, the 2004 voters registration exercise also experienced the active collaboration and participation of the political parties. Party agents monitored the entire registration exercise. To make them knowledgeable and effective, the party agents were given the same training in the registration processes and procedures as the Commission’s own 18

by the Electoral Commission registration officials. Throughout the registration period, the registration officer kept records of the number of persons registered daily, countersigned by the party agents. There was a time lag between the capturing of data and the issuing of ID cards to voters. This created a situation where a large number of applicants were unable to present themselves for their photos to be taken for their ID cards to be issued as scheduled by the Commission. Such persons were later covered in a mopping up exercise conducted from 3 rd to 7 th September 2004. TABLE(4): Voter Registration Statistics for 2004 General Elections Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/ Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West Total No. of Consts 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 No. of registration centres 2,240 1,761 2,457 1,965 2,609 3,666 2,382 2,042 1,028 854 21,004 No. issued with photo id.s 986,612 845,298 2,086,397 792,046 1,068,711 1,874,964 919,488 877,792 424,951 276,178 10,152,437 No. not captured during the main exercise 81,638 58,503 141,917 88,301 76,353 118,667 71,683 57,930 3,965 1,048 700,005 No. captured during the mopping up 21,204 11,989 12,383 27,420 73,679 18,563 19,740 16,550 805 200 21,204 Regd. voters 1,007,816 857,287 2,098,780 819,466 1,142,390 1,893,527 939,228 894,342 425,756 276,378 10,354,970 19

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections VOTER REGISTRATION CHALLENGES In the course of the registration exercise issues about the qualification of some applicants came up for adjudication (see table(5) and figures(1) and(2)). Such cases related mainly to the age, nationality, or residential status of applicants. In each district a District Registration Review committee(DRRC) was established immediately after the registration exercise to decide such issues. The DRRC was composed as follows: • The District Director of Education • The Senior District Police Officer • A representative of the Traditional Authority • A Representative of each political Party active in the District • The District Electoral Officer(Secretary) A challenged person was not given a voter ID card until cleared by the DRRC. Anybody aggrieved by the decision of the committee could appeal to the High Court. 20

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(5): Regional Distribution of Voter Registration Challenge Cases: A Comparison between 1995 and 2004 Voter Registration Exercises 1995 2004 Region Western No. of challenges 350 No. acquited 100 No. disqualified 247 No. of challenges 119 No. acquited 7 No. disqualified 112 Central 108 63 45 50 30 20 Gt. Accra 1,121 224 583 634 103 531 Volta 74 35 35 124 2 82 Eastern 1,269 504 754 952 279 673 Ashanti 6,752 5,062 1,680 1,360 204 1156 B/ Ahafo 1,093 746 347 737 528 209 Northern 385 56 301 436 77 359 Upper East 82 16 101 9 8 1 Upper West 120 21 601 6 3 3 Total 11,354 6,827 4,694 4,427 1281 3146 21

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections FIGURE(1): Voter Registration Challenges for 1995 and 2004 NO. OF CHALLENGES 8000 7000 6000 5000 1995 2004 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 ERN EST W AL RA TR CC CE G N T/A LTA VO STERN NTI SHA AFO /AH ERN TH EA A B NOR REGIONS AST U/E EST U/W 22

FIGURE(2): Distribution of Registration Challenge Case adjudicated by the Electoral Commission 1200 1000 800 CASES 600 400 200 0 WESTERN CENTRAL GT/ACCRA VOLTA NO.AQUITED EASTERN ASHANTI B/AHAFO NORTHERN U/EAST REGIONS NO. DISQUALIFIED U/WEST 23

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections EXHIBITION OF VOTERS REGISTER Provisional voters registers were compiled after the field registration exercise. They were returned to the respective registration centres for public inspection between 12 th and 17 th October 2004. The exhibition was intended to achieve three main purposes: • To afford persons who had applied to be registered the opportunity to verify and, where necessary, to request for the correction of errors in their particulars on the register. • To afford persons whose names had been inadvertently omitted the opportunity to request for their names to be included in the register. • To afford the general public the opportunity to object to any ineligible names on the register. After the exhition, Revising Officers, who were persons of the rank of a circuit court judge or a senior magistrate, authenticated the registers. The authenticated registers formed the basis for the final Voters Register to be printed. The printing was accomplished in November and the registers were distributed in time for the 2004 elections. SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF RETURNING OFFICERS For the 2004 elections, the Commission decided to engage the services of 230 Returning Officers and 460 deputy Returning Officers on the basis of one returning officer and two deputy returning officers to a constituency. As a result the Commission advertised in the newspapers for qualified persons to apply to the regional offices in charge of their constituencies. The qualified applicants were invited for interview. Commission members and Head office Directors teamed up with the Regional Directors to conduct the interviews. Persons were selected as returning and deputy returning officers based on their performance. The criteria used for the selection were experience in electoral work, competence, political neutrality, and commitment. The names of those selected were then advertised in the major Newspapers for public scrutiny and comments. Commission members and Regional Directors decided on the few objections that emerged, at meetings convened for the purpose. At these meetings accusers and the accused were given the chance to state their cases. 24

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(6): Statistical Information on temporary Senior Staff recruited for the 2004 General Elections. Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/East U/West Total Const. 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 Returning Officer 22 19 * 26 22 28 * 36 24 26 13 10 206 Deputy Returning Officer 44 38 45 44 56 * 74 48 52 26 20 447 Total 66 57 71 66 84 110 72 78 39 30 673 Men Women Teachers 64 2 60 55 2 • 70 1 49 66 0 • 81 3 22 106 4 98 71 1 65 78 0 60 39 0 30 30 0 22 660 13 406 Others 6 • 22 • 62 12 7 18 9 8 144 Key: * 1- Gt. Accra Region – information on one(1) Returning Officer and nine(9) Deputy Returning Officers was not available. * 2- Ashanti Region- information on three(3) Returning Officers and four(4) Deputy Returning Officers was not available. • No informantion available on professional background of officers 25

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections It is significant to note from the above table that only about two percent(2%) of the Returning Officers and the Deputy Returning Officers recruited for the 2004 General Elections turned out to women. Its also significant to note that out of the five hundred and fifty(550) officers whose professional background was indicated, over seventy three percent(73.8%) were from teaching service(GES) and that only a little over twenty six percent(26.2%) belong to other public sector organisations such as NCCE, VAT SERVICE, IRS, MOH, MFA and DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION. More importantly, it should be pointed out that all the officers were picked from and assigned to localities within which they do their normal work so that the Commission could benefit from their good knowledge of the field. In the interest of the exercise they were expected to own their own vehicles or to have easy assess to official vehicles which they could use in the field if the arose. The Chairman of the Commission is the returning officer for the presidential election. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF TEMPORARY STAFF Through its Regional and District Officers, and with the help of the Returning officers and Deputy Returning officers, the Electoral Commission recruited and selected twenty-one thousand and four(21,004) Presiding Officers one to a polling station) and eighty-four thousand and sixteen(84,016) Polling Assistants, four to a polling station. The criteria for their selection were: a) Experience in electoral duties— the applicants should have participated in some election related activty in the past. b) Political neutrality – the applicant should not be known to be an activist or a card-bearing member of a political party. c) Competence- as shown in past performance. 26

by the Electoral Commission TRAINING OF TEMPORARY STAFF All temporay officials were taken through comprehensive training schedules designed by the Training Department of the Electoral Commission. • The first phase of training was the key Trainers training: which covered Regional Directors and their Deputies. This consisted of briefings and updates undertaken by Commissioners and head of Departments at head office. • Following that was Training of Trainers; which covered District Electoral officers, Returning Officers and their Deputies. They were trained together on the management of the election process over a period of two(2) days • The second phase of training was done at the district level. Participants for this training were Presiding Officers, Polling Assistants and Party/Candidate’s Agents. The training laid emphasis on the election procedures, completion of forms, collation of results and finally the declaration of results. In addition participants were provided with election manuals, which they were to study and use as reference material to facilitate their work. 27

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections PART 3- THE CONTEST AND THE CONTESTANTS Under the 1992 Constitution, general elections are held in Ghana every four years, starting from 1992. The 2004 elections were the fourth in the series. The law permits both party-sponsored and independent candidates. One(1) president and two hundred and thirty(230) parliamentarians were to be elected in the 2004 geneal elections. To be elected, a parliamentary candidate requires only a plurality of the valid votes(first-past-the-post); a presidential candidate requires an absolute majority(at least 50%+1). NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES Nominations for both the presidential and parliamentary elections were taken on the 21 st and 22 rd of October 2004 by the Returning Officers. Nomination forms are given free of charge, but nomination deposits are twenty million cedis(¢20,000,.000.00).for a presidential candidate and five hundred thousand cedis(¢500,000.00) for a parliamentary candidate. A vice-presidential candidate is not nomiated in his/her own right. S/he is selected by a presidential candidate and s/he is deemed to be nominated once the presidential candidate is nominated. A presidential candidate who fails to obtain 25% of the votes cast loses the deposit; while a parliamentary candidate must win 121/2% of the votes to get the deposit refunded. By the close of nominations, four(4) candidates had filed for the 2004 Presidential race, and 953 candidates had filed for the parliamentary elections.Tables(7) and(8) below show the details of the presidential and parliamentary nominations: 28

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(7): Presidential Candidates and their Running Mates Political Party National Democratic Congress New Patriotic Party Peoples National Convention (Grand Coalition) Convention Peoples Party Presidential Candidate Prof. John Evans Atta Mills Mr. John Agyekum Kufuor Edward Nasigri Mahama Mr. George O. Aggudey Running Mate Alhaji Mohammed Mumuni Alhaji Aliu Mahama Mr. Danny Ofori Atta Mr. Bright Kwame Ameyaw TABLE(8): Parliamentary Nomination Returns Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/East U/West National # of EG GCP IN- FeConsts PNC NPP NDC CPP LE P DPP NRP DEP Male male Totals 22 11 20 22 15 1 2 1 1 12 72 13 85 19 8 18 19 15 1 3 1 1 10 64 12 76 27 14 27 27 25 2 2 5 2 21 109 16 125 22 13 22 22 13 8 1 0 1 14 81 12 94 28 13 28 28 21 10 1 0 0 15 106 11 116 39 20 39 39 33 3 1 4 0 19 142 16 158 24 6 24 23 16 3 0 10 0 12 88 6 94 26 19 26 26 17 2 0 5 0 11 99 7 106 13 11 13 13 12 0 0 2 0 8 52 7 59 10 10 9 10 5 0 0 2 0 4 36 4 40 230 125 226 229 172 30 10 30 5 126 849 104 953 29

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections • Out of a total of 953 candidates contesting the parliamentary elections in the 230 constituencies, 827 candidates contested on the ticket of political parties, and 126(representing 13.1%) were independent candidates. • 104 candidates(representing 10.9%) were female. • The NDC presented the highest number of candidates for the parliamentary elections. • Ashanti region, which has 39 constituencies, recorded the highest number of contestants. • There were no unopposed candidates. • There were no nil returns in respect of any constituency. • NPP did not file nominations in four constituencies in support of the candidacy of one PNC and three CPP contestants. • The highest number of candidates for a constituency was seven in Upper West Akim constituencies in the Eastern region and the lowest number of candidates was two(2) in Akrofrom and Ahafo Ano South constituencies, both in the Ashanti region. • The Commission had to give the PNC extended time to complete filling its presidential nomination papers because of errors detected when presented. After the nominations, the Commission displayed Notice of Poll posters throughout the country, showing the pictures of the candidates, their symbols, and the names of the parites sponsoring them or whether they were independent candidates. While a party candidate uses the party symbol, an independent candidate may select from a number of symbols designed by the Commission or desgning his/her own symbol. The display of the notice of poll posters helps to introduce the candidates to the general public. 30

by the Electoral Commission NOMINATION RELATED INCIDENTS The nomination process was not incident free as shown by the following cases: • The Chairman of the Electoral Commission refused to accept the presidential nomination papers of the flagebearer of the Democratic People’s Party(DPP) for failing to file them within the stipulated time. • The Commission nullified the nomination of the NDC candidate for the Amenfi East constituency for not getting his name transferred from the voters Register of the Prestea/ Huni valley constituency where he was originally registered to the Amenfi East constituency where he attempted to stand as a candidate. As the disqualification left the constituency with only one candidate, the nomination period in the constituency had to be extended for a period of ten days to allow for additional nominations. • Some political parties, particularly the NPP and the NDC, had serious problems in some constituencies during the selection of parliamentary candidates. Some of the aspirants who failed to be selected by their parties, but who felt that they had large followings, decided to become independent candidates. In some of the affected constituencies, there were violent demonstrations, which resulted in the destruction of party property. Some disenchanted persons threatened to vote“skirt and blouse,” meaning they would vote for the presidential candidate of their party and then vote for the parliamentary candidate of another party. POLITICAL PARTIES CODE OF CONDUCT The registered political parties in May 2004 met at Aburi with the assistance of the Institute of Econimic Affairs, the Electoral Commission and the National Commission for Civic Education, to formulate a new Code of Conduct to guide the behavior of political parties during the 2004 elections. After intensive deliberations, the representatives of the NPP, NDC, PNC, CPP, GCPP, DPP, and the EGLE party among other things resolved to; 31

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections • Uphold and defend Ghana’s Fourth Republican Constitution. • Be committed to the maintenance of peaceful and stable political, economic and social conditions in Ghana. • Co-operate in transforming and sustaning the country as a beacon of hope and inspiration in our sub-region and the continent as a whole. • Unite in their common commitment to growth and development of multiparty system of governance in the country. • Aspire to build a lasting democracy for present and future generations of Ghana. It was observed during the campaign period however that despite this undertaking, there was widespread inter and intra party rancour and ill feeling that went to sour up the political enviroment and create a general feeling of anxiety among the general public. ELECTION CAMPAIGN Despite the politically charged atmostphere, nominated Presidential and parliamentary candidates were able to campaign freely. Campaigning was highlighted by a Presidential Debate organised by the Institute of Economic Affairs(IEA) at the International Conference centre in Accra. It must be mentioned that the NPP failed to take advantage of this arrangement. As part of the campaign strategy some of the political parties put up bill-boards; mounted public address systems on their campaign vans for use in making street annoucements, displayed party flags on tall trees and(electric) poles and sold party paraphernalia all in an effort at popularizing their candidates. The parties also undertook Radio and Television broadcasts in order to send their messages across to the electorates. The prominent themes in the campaign messages of the political parties which contested to win the mandate of the electorate in the 2004 elections were free education, healthcare, employment and security. 32

by the Electoral Commission All the political parties used public rallies and it seems no party complained publicly of being denied permit to organize rallies by the Ghana Police Service. Another campaign strategy used by the parties was the formation of Keepfit clubs. One significant feature in the campaign strategies of the leading political parties, which needs mention, was the use of James Town Mantse Agbonaa Park as the venue for launching and rounding-off their 2004 elections campaigns. This could be construed as constituting a unifying factor, which additionally injected some decorum into the campaign environment. FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES There is no significant state funding of political parties in Ghana. However, in 1992, 1996 and 2000 the state through the Electoral Commission provided some vehicles to support the political parties. This was repeated in the year 2004. The Electoral Commission first collaborated with the Friedrich Ebert Stifung(FES) in 1995 to examine the funding of political parties at an international conference that brought down election experts from some West African countries and Europe as participants. The conference recommended that the state should support political parties because of the role they play in a democracy. In 1998 and 2003, the political parties at IPAC meetings again vigorously discussed the issue of state support for the political parties and as a result the Electoral Commission organized a series of regional fora in 2003 with technical and financial support from KAB Governance Consult and USAID respectively. The objective of the fora was to find out the views of the public on state support for the political parites in the country. At the 2003 national forum held at the La Royal Palm Hotel, Accra, the President Mr. John Agyekum Kufuor in his keynote address delivered by the Minister of Finance on his behalf said among other things that” it is my view that political parties must be partially, if not fully funded through budgetary allocation, the real challenge is when, how and how much”. 33

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections The recommendations made by the participants at the 2003 national forum included: How the fund should be raised? • The State should be the major source of the fund: state support should consist of seed money and annual budgetary allocations. • Ghana’s development partners, corporate bodies and individuals could make contributions to the fund. • The funds should be raised through an increase in Value Added Tax • The Government should encourage voluntary contribution by making such donations non-taxable. • Industries should be encouraged to contribute to the fund openly, so as to eliminate underhand private donations. What should the fund cover? State funding should be used to cover: • Direct and verifiable operational /administrative expenses of political parties. • Core election expenses of presidential and parliamentary candidates although a predetermined financial ceiling should be set. • Expenses incurred for election campaigns that are wholly and necessarily incurred by political parties should be reimbursed. • Political research work, which is essential but expensive, could be funded as a joint activity for all parties under the fund • Political educational campaign for their members, especially in the rural areas, where access to mass media systems are limited. 34

by the Electoral Commission • Training cost and stipends for polling agents during general elections. • Advertising and other publicity expenses incurred during campaign periods. Following are the details of the distribution of the 35(4X4) Tata pick-ups the state provided to the political parties through the Electoral Commission in connection with the 2004 elections. TABLE(9): Distribution of Vehicles to Political Parties in Connection with the 2004 General Elections PARTY PNC NPP NDC CPP DPP EGLE GCPP NRP NUMBER OF VEHICLES 4 10 10 6 35

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections INTER-PARTY ADVISORY COMMITTEE(IPAC) The mechanism for ensuring the active involvement and constructive engagement of the political parties in the design and implementation of the programmes of the Electoral Commission is the IPAC. The Political parties through IPAC made invaluable contributions towards the resolution of disputes and the improvement of the electoral system during the preparation towards the 2004 general elections. At the national level, party General Secretaries and or Chairmen represented the parties at IPAC meetings and through these all inter party issues and problems of importance were conveyed from the districts and regions for consideration. Through the same channels decisions arrived at were conveyed to the regions and districts. The ultimate objective was to ensure peaceful co-existence between the parties and in an election year this mechanism was intended to contribute towards the delievery of transparent free and fair elections to the satisfaction of all stakeholders. In connection with the preparations towards the procurement of materials for the 2004 elections, Government proposed the setting up of a procurement committee for the Electoral Commission. The Commission disagreed with the proposal and the political parties threw their weight behind the Electoral Commission.In the end the Government had to give way to the Commission to act in accordance with the law. However, one area where the political parties vehemently disagreed with the Electoral Commission was the Commission’s decision not to install scoreboards for the 2004 elections. The Commission’s argument was that with the proliferation of electronic and print media it would not be necessary to mount scoreboards, the primary aim of which will be the dissemination of election results. The political parties insisted that the scoreboards should be installed. In view of time and financial constraints only regional scoreboards were eventually installed. Under IPAC, positions of the parties on the ballot paper and the notice of poll for the 2000 elections were balloted for. This arrangement was repeated for the 2004 elections(see table(10) below). 36

TABLE(10): Party Positions for 2000 and 2004 General Elections PARTY GCPP NDC EGLE CPP PNC DPP UGM NRP NPP 2000 Elections POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 PARTY PNC NPP NDC CPP GCPP EGLE DPP NRP by the Electoral Commission 2004 Elections POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ELECTORAL LISTS The regulations for elections in Ghana provide for the preparation of other relevant lists in addition to the voters register for use at the polling stations. These are the Proxy Voters list, Transferred Voters list, Special Voters list, Election Officials list, and Absent Voters list. 37

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Proxy Voters A registered voter may appoint somebody(proxy) to vote on his/ her behalf by applying to the Electoral Commission for, completing, and returning a form designed for that purpose by the Electoral Commission. This facility is available to voters who can show proof that they will be absent from the country on Election Day or that they cannot go to the polling station to vote on Election Day either because of illness or because of official duties. A voter who has appointed a proxy cannot vote by himself or herself unless he/she cancels the proxy by completing and submitting to the Commission an appropriate form within a stipulated time, in which case the proxy cannot vote, whether or not he or she is made aware of the cancellation. For the 2004 election, proxy voting was limited. Some of the apllications for proxy were misdirected to the headoffice of the Commission and so the regions disallowed them. Transferred Voters A voter registered in a constituency, but who had been a resident in another constituency for two(2) months or more before an election might apply to the Returning Officer of the constituency within which he/she is residing for his/her name to be entered on the transferred Voters List, so that he /she could vote in his /her new constituency on polling day. In accordance with the regulations, a voter is not allowed to apply for a tranfer unless the application is submitted not less than twenty-one(21) days before the date set for the election. An application for a transfer must be made in person and no person may apply for a transfer for another. Transfer of vote can also be done for the purpose of contesting an election, where an aspiring candidate is permitted by the election regulation to transfer his/her vote to where he/she intended to contest not less twenty–one(21) days to the last day of nomiation. The transfer list which was supplementary to the main voters register was prepared by the Returning Officers under the supervision of the District Electoral Officers as part of the effort at maintaining the intergrity of the voters register and to give all prospective voters the opportunity to participate in the voting on the polling day. 38

by the Electoral Commission • Prior to the 2004 elections, the Returning Officer to whom an application was made had to contact his counterpart himself or through the District Officer for the particulars. This was particularly inefficient since it caused delays, created jams in the radio air waves and resulted in a lot of frustrations. In respect of the 2004 elelctions, District Electoral Officers were instructed to collect the lists and come down to head office where the IT Department set up a clearing house for sorting the applications out in terms of where a voter wanted to be transferred. Transferred Voters Lists with applicants’ pictures provided were prepared on polling station basis. District Electoral Officers were given the opportunity to verify and confirm the formatted transferred voters lists meant for their districts before leaving. These lists were despatched to the regions together with the main registers. The new design for the Transferred Voters List was found to be very convienent and therefore was highly commended by the voting public.There was a high level of patronage for it in the regions where there is seasoned imgration. In the Brong Ahafo region, for example, there were a total of 2006 applications for transfer and out of this one thousand nine hundred(1900) were approved. In the Upper West Region, a total of 1567 applications were received. But the preparations of the Transferred Voters lists were not without problems. Reports from the regions indicate that: • Application forms were late in arriving in some regions and in some cases the quantity of forms that was available was inadequate so the District Electoral Officers had to do a lot of photocopying and this put a lot of pressure on them. • There was a mad rush for transfers and there were apllications for block transfers which is not allowed in accordance with the law. • Some of the apllication forms could not be processed because of incomplete polling station codes and errors in voter ID card numbers. • Some voters made their applications to head office and the regions had to reject them because applications were required to be made to the Returning Officers of the constituencies in which applicants were residing at the time of making their application. 39

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections • Some applicants who did not understand the rationale behind the exercise thought that they could have their votes transferred from the constituencies where they were registered to other constituencies so that they could vote for their favourites. • Delays and postponement of dates of confirmation caused a lot of inconvienence to applicants who had to visit District Offices several times in respect of their applications. • Late arrival of transferred voters’ lists to the regions prevented scrutiny and therefore errors in them could not be corrected before being put to use. Special Voters Security Officers, Election Officials and other persons who because of the nature of their duties on polling day would not be able to vote at the polling stations where they were registered were put on special voter lists. Special voting was permitted on application. In line with regulation, application for special voting was to be filed with the Returning Officer not later than seven(7) days before the actual polling day. Absent voters Names of persons who applied for the transfer of their votes or for special voting are put on absent voters list for the polling stations where they were originally registered and would have voted. Such persons shall not be entitled to vote on the polling day at the stations where their names have been put on absent voters list. *The Commission maintains two principles for the use of voters’ registers as a management tool in the conduct of elections. These are: • Where you register is where you vote. • Your name on the register qualifies you to vote. 40

by the Electoral Commission The combined effect of these two principles is the introduction of some rigidity into the use of the voters register. With the use of the lists however this rigidity is considerably reduced. The Proxy Voters list, the Transferred voters list, the Special voters’ lists and the Election Officials list make it possible for voters to vote at polling stations where they originally could not have voted because those were not the places they were registered and therefore they do not have their names on the main registers. The Absent Voters list which is made up of names and particulars of voters who are on the transferred voters, special voters and election officials lists has the effect of putting a check on double voting at an election. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this report already, the use of the transferred voters list in its new form where it carries the voters pictures in the 2004 elections was greatly appreciated in the field and seemed to have addressed an aspect of the issue of voter aprehension. DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTION MATERIALS Several election forms and posters ordered from accredited printing houses and other materials from credible local and foreign sources were received at the Head office and distributed to the regions. The printing of ballot papers, the most sensitive election materials, was done under special arrangements. In addition to the staff of the Electoral Commission, which included proofreaders and personnel from the Commission’s Security section, representatives of parties involved in the contest and detailed police personnel were at the printing houses to monitor, guide and provide security for the printing. When ballot papers were ready for dispatch to the regions, representatives of political parties present were given the opportunity to record the quantities and serial numbers of the parcels consigned to the various regional capitals. The ballot papers were dispatched under the cover of waybills and police personnel and the Commission’s Security personnel escorted the vehicles, which conveyed them to the regions straight from the printing houses. 41

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections DEPLOYMENT OF PERSONNEL Polling staffs were assigned five(5) to a polling station. Where there were no local persons trained to man the polling stations, trained personnel were deployed from urban centres to undertake the assignment. These personnel were moved a day ahead of the voting day where transport was available otherwise they were deployed 2 days to Election Day. Deployment of personnel was facilitated by the use of commandeered vehicles. For staff to reach the remotest areas, bicycles, motorcycles, tractors and boats were hired for use. SECURITY Under Ghana’s electoral laws, police personnel are required to perform three main functions; • To escort election materials to the polling station; • To keep order at the polling station; • To arrest election offenders on the instructions of the Presiding Officer While on election duty at the polling stations or constituency centres, police personnel are under the control of the Presiding Officer or the Returning Officer, as the case may be, and are required to carry out their instructions. Since the number of policemen in service is smaller than the number of polling stations the Commission operates, other security personnel such as prison officers, CEPS officials, Fire Service personnel and Immigration Officers are invariably required to assist in maintaning order at polling stations during voting. Sometimes military Personnel are also used at collation centres. With regard to the maintanance of order at known flash points mobile Police patrol unites are used. 42

by the Electoral Commission SOME INTEGRITY ENHANCING ADMINISTRATIVE MES MEASURES For the 2004 elections, security was not limited to the use of police at polling stations to maintain order and to escort materials to the regions. Indeed most of the acivities of the Commission and the bodies, which gave it support were aimed at ensuring the security of the electoral process. Some of these acivities were: • Selection, training and deployment of election staff- to ensure that the best workers were in the field to deliever quality service. • Public/Voter Education- a well-informed public could be relied on to act in ways that would protect the intergrity of the electoral process. • Participation of Polling/Counting Agents- agents were trained to appreciate the importance of the procedures and mechanisms involved in the election in the expectation that they would not act in ways that would compromise the integrity of the polls. On duty in the field, agents were to protect the interest of the parties and candidates they represented and to act in collaboration with polling officials in order to ensure that the elections were conducted in strict adherence to the rules and regulations. Agents were made to endorse the polling station result sheets as a measure of testimony and they were given copies, which if the parties they represented cared, could use for parallel votes tabulation(PVT). • Supervision and Monitoring – These activities were undertaken to ensure that laid down procedures were followed in order not to provide grounds for post election protestations and contests. • Observation- the presence of local and foreign observers at the polling centres gurranteed to some extent the intergrity of the process. • Media briefings- these made media practioners well informed and more familiar with process and procedures of the elction so that they could be better comminucators and watchdogs. 43

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections ASSISTANCE TO SPECIAL GROUPS Visually Impaired Voters Unlike the 1996 and 2000 elections, where a visually impaired voter(e.g. a blind person) was permitted to come to the polling station with a person of his or her own choice to assist him or her to go through the voting procedures, in the 2004 elections, the Electoral Commission used the“Tactile Ballot” which had been pretested in the 2002 District Assembly Elections. The device consisted of a specially designed folder into which the Presiding Officer was required to slot in the ballot paper as appropriate to enable the applicant make a thumbprint against the picture of the candidate of his/her choice in the right aperture on the folder whiles in the polling booth. Women Candidates Through a collaboration between the United Nations Gender Program, Electoral Commission, National Governance Program and the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs(MOWAC), women canididates were provided financial support of one million and five hundred thousand cedis(¢ 1,500,000.00) each to enable them pay stipens to their polling agents on polling day. The objectives were obviously to: • lighten the financial burden on women candidates a little • make the playing field a little more even for women candidates, and • encourage female participation in elections During the ceremony at which the presentation was made Dr.(Mrs.) Gladys Norley Ashitey who represented the women candidates, expressed deep appreciation for the gesture and suggested that in future financial support for women candidates should be more substantial. 44

by the Electoral Commission POLLING ACTIVITIES Special voting For the 2004 election, special voting was conducted on the 4 th of December at appointed polling centres in all the 230 constituencies. Ballots cast on the special voting day were not counted at the end of the poll but the ballot boxes containing them were sealed and kept in police custody until the 7 th December when they were counted at the various constituency centres. Reports from the regions indicate that service personnel who had not applied for special voting thought the facility was for general application and therefore pressented themselves at the special voting centres in oder to vote. In some cases arrangements were made to allow the nonlisted special voters to vote. But in other cases the nonlisted security personnel were not allowed to vote and this generated a lot of tension. Voting on Election Day Polling took place at the 21,004 polling stations nationwide on the 7 th December 2004. Polling stations opened at 7:00 am and closed at 5:00 pm. Within the 10 hour period that the polling stations stayed opened, voters who had been registered at those centres and those who had been transferred there reported to the Presiding Officers to be allowed to vote. Reports from the regions indicate that long before 7:00 am long queues had been formed at most of the polling stations. As procedure requires, at 7:00 am the Presiding Officers showed the ballot boxes as empty to the assemblied electorate and then had them sealed and well positioned for polling to begin. In addition to the Presiding Officer, each polling station had four other polling staff lined up to assist in processing the voters. The first Polling Assistant checked the voter’s identity by linking his/her ID card to his/her particulars in the Register. The second Polling Assistant checked the prospective applicant’s left thumbnail for evidance of electoral stain the presence of which indicated the the voter had already voted and was attempting multiple voting. 45

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections These two steps ended the screening of the voter. Third Polling Assistant issued the Presidential ballot paper to the voter who was then directed to the first voting screen where he/she was to thumbprint the ballot paper in the space provided to show his/her choice of candidate. After marking the ballot paper the voter was required to fold it nicely and come from behind the voting screen to slot the ballot paper into the Presidential ballot box. The voter then moved to the table of the fourth Polling Assistant to receive of parliamentary ballot paper, which he/she was to thumbprint and slot into the parliamentary ballot box. ORDER AT POLLING STATIONS Maintanance of peace and order which was needed for free expression of choice of the voter was provided by the joint action of the Presiding Officer, party/candidates agents, Polling Assistants, security personnel with the cooperartion of the voter him/herself. A voter was required to leave the polling station after casting the vote in order that the centres would not be conjested. It must be noted that in addition to the voters the following persons are allowed to enter a polling station whiles voting is going on: • The Returning/Deputy Returning Officer • The District Electoral Officer • Member of the Electoral Commission • Electoral Commission Staff on duty • Candidates/their spouses • Accredited Election Observers(Local and Foreign) • Accredited media personnel The visits of these persons to the polling stations are aimed at facilitating the process and enhancing its transparency and security. 46

by the Electoral Commission COUNTING OF VOTES First counting At the close of voting 5:00 pm the Presiding Officers stopped the issuing of ballot papers except where there were voters in the queue. Where there were no voters in the queue, the Presiding Officers collected the ballot boxes and re-arranged the polling station for the counting of the ballots. Parliamentary ballot papers were counted first followed by the presidential ballots after which the relevant election statements and forms were completed and the final results for the polling station were annouced. Members of the general public and the media could witness the counting. The election results forms were filled and copies given to party/candidates agents. Recounting of votes According to election regulations, this can be done twice in an election, once at the polling station and again at the constituency collation centre. A Party/candidate agent can call for a recount of ballots in order to verfiy the result.If he/she is not satisfied with the polling station recount, another recount could be done at the constituency collation centre under the supervision of the Returning Officer. Collation of results After the annoucement of the results at the polling stations, the Presiding Officers were required to send copies of the polling station result sheets to the Returning Officer at the constituncy centre where the polling station results were collated into a constituency results and the Returning Officer declared the final results for the parliamentary poll. Copies of the presidential constituency results, which were endorsed by party/ candidate agents, were given to the candidates. The Returning Officers then forwarded the Commission’s copies to the Regional Directors who faxed them to the Head office of the Electoral Commssion in Accra. 47

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Violence Isolated incidents of crowd violence and mob action were reported in Tamale Central, Tamale North, Saboba and Zabzugu/Tatale constituencies all in the Northern region and in Techiman North, Tain and Pru constituencies in the Brong Ahafo region. In Pru constituncy, which is one of the newly created constituencies, a number of ballot boxes with their contents were burnt in the clash. Consequently, the election results were declared three weeks after the elections. In Tamale, for instance, the Regional Security Council had to ban political rallies and activities in the municipality. This was after a minor supporting the NDC had been killed for hanging a party paraphernilia around his neck. A CPP constituency Chairman for Tamale Central also died in military detention subsequent to the elections. Declaration of results for Presidential Election The Returning Officer for the presidential elections is the Chairman of the Electoral Commission.Copies of the Presidential election results sheets were faxed by the Regional Directors to the Chairman to enable him collate and declare the winning presidential candidate. As a result of acts of vandalism, which occurred in certain constituencies after the 7 th December 2004 balloting, the results in those constituencies were slow in arriving at the Head office for collation. Meanwhile, tension between the two major parties was rising and a feeling of anxiety was gradually descending on the country. In the evening of Thursday 9 th December 2004, the Chairman of the Commission decided to declare the winner despite the fact that results from five(5) constituencies had not been received. At the time the decision was taken to declare the result, the difference between the votes of the two top candidates was over seven hundred and twelve thousand(712,000) votes. The Returning Officer(who was the Chairman of the Electoral Commission) calculated that if all the total votes available from the five remaining constituencies were added to those of the closest challenger the gap would still be quite wide.(see table(11)) 48

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(11): No of registered Voters in the five(5) outstanding Constituencies in the 2004 Elections No. 1 2 3 4 5 Totals Constituency Pru Tolon Zabzugu/Tatale Yapei/Kusawgu Bia Registred Voters 46,377 37,596 36,974 32,220 67,089 220,256 The simple arithmetical basis of the Chairman’s decision was that while the gap between the two top contestants was 712,000 votes, the total votes from the 5 constituencies was 220,256 which showed a difference of 491,744 and so if all the votes from the outstanding constituencies were given to the challenger, the incumbent would still have over 490,00 votes to win the election. President J.A Kufuor was therefore declared the outright winner of the 2004 presidential election,and there was no run-off because his total votes were more than 50% of valid votes cast at the election.(see tables(12a) and(12b) for the results of both the presidential and parliamentary elections(2004)). The Public Election Regulations(CI. 15) provides that the election of the President of Ghana should be recorded in a Legislative Instrument and this was subsequently done. The results of the parliamentary elections were gazetted on 31 st December 2004. 49

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(12a): 2004 Presidential Election results Regions Const. E.N Mahama (PNC) Valid Votes% Votes obtained by the contesttants J.A Kufour J.E A. Mills (NPP)(NDC) Valid Valid Votes% Votes% Western 22 6,935 0.8 463,990 56.6 334992 40.8 Central 19 5,718 0.8 414,339 58.5 277433 39.2 Gt. Accra 27 16,065 0.9 910,159 51.9 811883 463 Volta 22 6,451 0.9 100,659 14.2 591696 83.8 Eastern 28 5,532 0.6 554,933 60.2 353356 383 Ashanti 39 14,082 0.8 1,235,395 74.6 398362 24.0 B/Ahafo 24 9,306 1.2 396,461 51.9 351384 46.0 Northern 26 38,520 5.0 273,897 36.2 430818 56.9 U/East 13 42,460 12.6 106,003 31.6 180462 53.9 U/ West 10 20,306 9.5 68,238 32.2 119982 56.6 Totals 230 165,375 1.9 4,524,074 52.4 3,850,368 44.6 G. Aggudey (CPP) Valid Votes% 13,245 1.6 9981 1.4 12600 0.7 7021 0.9 6851 0.7 7921 0.4 5854 0.7 13426 1.7 5860 1.7 3209 1.5 85,968 1.0 Total Ballots Voter Turnout Total Reg. Valid cast Voters% 819,162 707,471 842552 723845 1007816 83.6 857287 84.4 1750707 1771492 2098780 84.4 705827 717873 819466 87.6 920672 939607 1142390 82.2 1655760 1679664 1893527 88.7 763005 779821 939228 83.0 756661 787234 894342 88.0 334785 347514 425756 81.6 211735 224306 276378 81.2 8625785 8813908 10,354,970 85.1 50

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(12b): Comparative results of 2000 and 2004 Parliamentary Elections Region Western Central Gt.Accra Volta Eastern AshantiI B/ Ahafo Northern U/East U/ West Totals % Representation Const. 19 17 22 19 26 33 21 23 12 8 200 2000 PARL. ELECTIONS # of Male Cands. 77 76 110 99 133 159 108 134 57 33 986 91.2 # of Male Cands. elected 15 13 20 18 26 31 19 22 11 7 182 91.0 # of Female Cands. 8 8 20 8 9 17 5 6 10 4 95 8.8 # of Female Cands. elected 4 4 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 18 9.0 % Elected 44.4 33.3 10.0 12.5 0.0 11.8 33.3 14.3 10.0 25.0 17.647 # of Const. 2004 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 2004 PARL. ELECTIONS # of Male Cands. 72 64 109 82 105 142 88 99 52 36 849 89.0 # of Male Cands. elected 19 17 22 20 27 34 23 22 12 9 205 89.0 # of Female Cands. 13 12 16 12 11 16 6 7 7 4 104 10.9 # of Female Cands. elected 3 2 5 2 1 5 1 4 1 1 25 10.9 % elected against No. of Cands. 23.1 16.7 31.3 16.7 9.1 31.3 16.7 57.1 14.3 25.0 24.0 51

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections An analysis of the data relating to gender issues in the 2004 General Elections showed the following: • an increase in the participation of women in terms of number which contested and number which was elected. • The number of women, who contested increased from a total of 95(representing 8.8%) candidates in 2000 elections to 104(representing10.9%) candidates in the 2004 –elections. On the other hand, number of male candidates reduced significantly from 986 in 2000 to 849 in 2004. • The number of women who won increased from 18 members in 2000 to 25 members in 2004. • The number of contesting and winning women was higher in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. • Greater Accra and Ashanti recorded 16 female contestants each and out of that 5 candidates were elected for each of those two regions. • The Northern region recorded an impressive improvement in the number of elected female candidates from 1 elected in 2000 to 4 in 2004 elections. Table(13) on the next page presents the performance of the winning parties in the 2004 general elections. 52

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(13): Performance of the Various Political Parties in the 2004 Elections Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U. East U. West Totals Const. won by the PNC Presidential # of Seat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 4 Const. won by the NPP Presidential # of Seat 14 12 17 16 16 16 0 1 21 22 36 36 15 14 5 8 1 2 2 1 127 128 Const. won by the NDC Presidential # of Seat 8 8 2 2 11 11 22 21 7 6 3 3 9 10 21 17 12 9 8 7 103 94 Const. won by the CPP Presidential # of Seat 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Indep Cands. # of Seat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Totals 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 53

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Figure(3) shows the representation of the winning political parties in 2004 parliament and table(14) shows the constituencies that voted“skirt and blouse” in the elections, that is, constituencies which voted for the presidential candidate of one party and the parliamentary candidate of another party. Table(15) and figure(4) show the age groupings of the new parliamentarians and their age distrinbution curve respectively. FIGURE(3): Representation of Political Parties in the 2008 Parliament NPP 54% CPP 1% PNC 2% INDEP 0% NDC 43% NDC NPP PNC CPP INDEP 54

TABLE(14): Skirt and Blouse Voting- Constituencies that voted Skirt and Blouse Region Constituency Western Aowin Jomoro GT. Accra Adenta Volta Nkwanta North Eastern Asuogyaman B/Ahafo Asunafo South Asutifi South Nkoranza South Northern Wulensi Bunkprugu Upper East Zebilla Bolgatanga Builsa North Totals(13 Constituencies) NPP Presidential Parl. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 NDC Presidential 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Parl. 1 1 1 3 by the Electoral Commission PNC Presidential Parl. 1 1 0 2 55

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(15): Age Groupings of new Parliamentarians(2004) Regions Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/ Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West Total AGE GROUPS 29-35 36-45 46-55 22 2 5 12 19 0 6 8 27 0 5 13 22 0 6 13 28 1 4 8 39 3 11 14 24 3 3 11 26 3 6 14 13 1 4 7 10 0 2 7 230 13 52 107 56-65 2 5 8 3 13 11 6 3 1 1 53 66-76 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 5 Totals 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 56

FIGURE(4): Age Distribution curve for the current Members of Parliament by the Electoral Commission FREQUENCY 120 100 80 60 40 20 13 0 29-35 107 52 53 36-45 46-55 AGE GROUPS 56-65 5 66-76 57

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Distribution of the new Constituencies among the Parties As indicated in part one of this report, the creation of additional constituencies in 2003 generated some anxiety within the Ghanaian body politic. Different views were expressed about the appropriateness of the exercise in terms of expediency and timing. At a round-table discussion on the constituency boundary review organised by the IEA and which the Daily Despatch reported at page 5 of the 8 th January 2004 issue under the caption“CONTROVESY OVER 30 CONSTITUENCIES IS DANGEROUS THREAT” contributions followed party lines. Table(16a) shows that out of a total of 30 new constituencies created, NDC presidential Candidate won 16 as against 14 by the NPP presidential candidate. TABLE(16a): New Constituencies won by the Presidential Candidates in the 2004 elections Regions Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/ Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West Totals #of Additional Const. 3 2 5 3 2 6 3 3 1 2 30 E. Mahama 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 J. A. Kufuor 1 2 2 0 2 6 1 0 0 0 14 Evans A. Mills 2 0 3 3 0 0 2 3 1 2 16 George Aggudey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58

by the Electoral Commission With regard to the distribution of the newly created seats among parliamentary candidates, the tabulation below shows that PNC had 1, NPP had 16 and NDC had 13. TABLE(16b): New Constituencies(Parliamentary Seats) won by the Parties in 2004 Elections Regions#of additional Const. PNC NPP NDC CPP Western 3 0 1 2 0 Central 2 0 2 0 0 Gt. Accra 5 0 3 2 0 Volta 3 0 1 2 0 Eastern 2 0 2 0 0 Ashanti 6 0 6 0 0 B/ Ahafo 3 0 1 2 0 Northern 3 0 0 3 0 Upper East 1 0 0 1 0 Upper West 2 1 0 1 0 Totals 30 1 16 13 0 Tables 17(a),(b),(c) and(d) show the top twenty(20) constituencies, in terms of votes polled by each of the four(4) presidential candidates 59

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(17a): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of J.A. Kufuor Rated as Constituencies 1 WEIJA 2 MANHYIA 3 ABLEKUMA SOUTH 4 ABLEKUMA NORTH 5 ATWIMA NWABIAGYA 6 OKAIKWEI NORTH 7 EJISU JUABEN 8 TEMA EAST 9 OBUASI 10 ABLEKUMA CENTRAL 11 SUAME 12 OFORIKROM 13 KWADASO 14 SUBIN 15 ASOKWA 16 OKAIKWEI SOUTH 17 EFFIA KWESIMINTIM 18 AMANSIE-WEST 19 KWABRE EAST 20 DOME-KWABENYA National Total 60 Valid Votes% 77,382 1.71 70,051 1.55 64,991 1.44 58,048 1.28 57,222 1.26 54,592 1.21 53,213 1.18 51,190 1.13 51,139 1.13 50,874 1.12 50,754 1.12 47,778 1.06 45,285 1.00 45,251 1.00 44,084 0.97 43,445 0.96 42,857 0.95 42,315 0.94 42,232 0.93 42,158 0.93 4,524,074

TABLE(17b): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of Prof. Evans Ata Mills Ranked as Constituencies 1 KETU SOUTH 2 ASHAIMAN 3 HO CENTRAL 4 ABLEKUMA SOUTH 5 AYAWASO EAST 6 WEIJA 7 ABLEKUMA CENTRAL 8 OKAIKWEI NORTH 9 TAMALE SOUTH 10 DADE KOTOPON 11 ASAWASE 12 TAMALE NORTH 13 HOHOE NORTH 14 TAMALE CENTRAL 15 LEDZOKUKU 16 BIA 17 ODODODIODOO 18 AVENOR-AVE 19 TROBU-AMASAMAN 20 JUABOSO National Total Valid Votes 65,082 54,549 52,047 51,731 49,442 49,064 42,938 41,510 40,735 40,511 40,496 40,086 38,138 37,894 37,386 36,033 35,489 34,220 33,251 33,178 3,850,368 by the Electoral Commission % 1.69 1.42 1.35 1.34 1.28 1.27 1.12 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.86 61

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(17c): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of Edward Mahama Ranked as Constituencies 1 BOLGATANGA 2 WALEWALE 3 NALERIGU/GAMBAGA 4 ZEBILLA 5 SISSALA EAST 6 NAVRONGO CENTRAL 7 BUNKPURUGU 8 SISSALA WEST 9 TALENSI 10 BUILSA NORTH 11 WA CENTRAL 12 BUILSA SOUTH 13 YAGABA/KUBORI 14 AYAWASO EAST 15 ASAWASE 16 KRACHI WEST 17 LAMBUSSIE 18 CHIANA-PAGA 19 GARU/TEMPANE 20 OFORIKROM National Total Valid Votes% 12,744 7.71 10,472 6.33 9,782 5.92 6,745 4.08 5,932 3.59 5,647 3.41 4,706 2.85 4,194 2.54 4,136 2.50 3,841 2.32 3,741 2.26 2,477 1.50 2,259 1.37 2,160 1.31 1,837 1.11 1,573 0.95 1,369 0.83 1,218 0.74 1,214 0.73 1,211 0.73 165,375 62

TABLE(17d): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of George Aggudey Ranked as Constituencies 1 MION 2 KEEA 3 JOMORO 4 MPOHOR WASSA 5 ELLEMBELE 6 AYAWASO CENTRAL 7 BUNKPURUGU 8 NKWANTA NORTH 9 TALENSI 10 SEGE 11 CENTRAL TONGU 12 PRESTEA/HUNI-VALLEY 13 CHEREPONI 14 EVALUE GWIRA 15 SALAGA 16 AHANTA WEST 17 MFANTSEMAN EAST 18 TEMA EAST 19 KPANDAI 20 WEIJA National Total by the Electoral Commission Valid Votes% 3,757 4.37 2,381 2.77 1,780 2.07 1,523 1.77 1,411 1.64 1,262 1.47 1,241 1.44 1,217 1.42 1,135 1.32 1,074 1.25 1,038 1.21 1,024 1.19 1,017 1.18 842 0.98 828 0.96 815 0.95 759 0.88 751 0.87 730 0.85 667 0.78 85,968 63

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Voter Turnout Reports from the regions indicated that no region recorded a voter turnout of below 80%. Apart from the Uppers East and Upper West regions that recorded voter turnout below the national average of 85% the other eight(8) regions had turnout figures that were closer to or above the national average(see table(18)). TABLE(18): Voter Turnout at 2004 Elections Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti Brong Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West National Total Valid 819,162 707,471 1,750,707 705,827 920,672 1,655,760 763,005 756,661 334,785 211,735 8,625,785 Total Cast 842,552 723,845 1,771,492 717,873 939,607 1,679,664 779,821 787,234 347,514 224,306 8,813,908 Reg. Voters 1,007,816 857,287 2,098,780 819,466 1,142,390 1,893,527 939,228 894,342 425,756 276,378 10,354,970 Turnout% 83.60% 84.43% 84.41% 87.60% 82.25% 88.71% 83.03% 88.02% 81.62% 81.16% 85.12% Ashanti region and the Northern region recorded an impressive 88%+. Closely following these two regions was the Volta region(see figure 5) 64

FIGURE(5): Voter Turnout by Regions by the Electoral Commission % TURNOUT 90,00% 88,00% 86,00% 84,00% 82,00% 80,00% 78,00% 76,00% WESTERN CENTRAL GT. ACCRA VOLTA EASTERN ASHANTI REGIONS BRONG AHAFO NORTHERN UPPER EAST UPPER WEST Figures for voter turnout recorded in a great number of constituencies in the country were not significantly different from turnout figures recorded at the regional level. As it has been stated above, Ashanti, Northern and the Volta regions had the highest turnout. This was again reflected in the top ten constituencies with the highest voter turnout. As shown in the table(19a)., Mion constituency in the Northern region tops the list of constituencies with an impressive record of 98%, the highest voter turnout in 2004,followed by Nanton,Gushiegu all in the Northern region. 65

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections TABLE(19a): Constituencies with Voter Turnout above 90% S/N Region 1 Northern 2 Ashanti 3 Volta Constituency 1. Mion 2. Nanton 3. Gushiegu 4. Kumbugu 5. Savelugu 6. Ejura 7. Sekyedumasi 8. Bekwai 9. Asawase 10. Afigya 11. Sekyere West 12. Fomena 13. Afgya Sekyere East 14. Yendi 15. Bosom Freho 16. Sefwi Wiawso 17. Keta 18. Ahafo Ano North 19. Ho 20. Wulensi 21. Saboba 22. Akwatia 23. Mampong 24. Odotbri 25. Nkwanta North Registred Voters 33,451 15,452 31,071 31023 32690 38114 48,773 80,315 19679 17,014 45428 32172 22922 48035 33982 31709 28318 26702 22147 41635 41135 32486 22,917 66 Total Votes cast 32,804 14,714 29,236 29104 30457 35809 45,646 74,706 18248 15722 41903 29529 20136 43947 31013 28902 25778 24172 20263 37863 37341 29425 21,170 % Turnout 98.0 95.2 94.0 93.8 93.1 93.9 93.6 93.0 92.7 92.4 92.2 92.0 91.9 91.5 91.2 91.2 91.0 91.0 91.0 90.9 90.7 90.6 92.4

by the Electoral Commission Three constituencies recorded voter turnout figures below 60% in the 2004 elections. The constituencies were Mpraeso and Abetifi(all in the Eastern region) and Pru constituency. This is shown in the table below. TABLE(19b): Constituencies with Voter Turnout below 60% S/N Region 1 Brong Ahafo 2 Eastern 3‘’ Constituency Pru Abetifi Mpraeso Registered Voters 46377 52608 60,120 Total Voters Cast 27383 27122 25,598 % Turnout 59.0 51.6 42.6 Rejected Ballots Available figures indicate that in the 1996 elections, one hundred and eleven thousand one hundred eight ballots (111,108) representing 1.53% of votes cast were rejected; in the 2004 elections a total of one hundred and four thousand two hundred and fourteen(104214) representing 1.58% of votes cast were also rejected; and that a total of one hundred and eighty eight thousand one hundred twenty three ballots(188123) which makes 2.13% of votes cast were also rejected in the 2004 elections.(see figures(6)&(7) and table(20) 67

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections FIGURE(6): Total Votes Cast to Total Ballots rejected in 2000 and 2004 REJECTED BALLOTS 2004 2.13% TOTAL VOTES 2000 42% TOTAL VOTES 2004 61.7% 68 REJECTED BALLOTS 2000 1.53%

by the Electoral Commission TABLE(20): Ballot papers cast and rejected 1994-2004 1996 2000 2004 Regions Regd. Voters Total Rejec. Voters Ballots% Regd. Voters Total Rejec. Voters Ballots% Regd. Voters Total Rejec. Voters Ballots% Western 967,340 720,511 11,927 1.66 1,076,778 633,653 11,357 1.79 1,007,816 842,552 23,390 2.78 Central 774,469 612,324 13,213 2.16 870,876 556,843 14,402 2.59 857,287 723,845 16,374 2.26 Gt. Accra 1,563,916 1,226,844 7,011 0.57 1,845,889 1,098,293 3,976 0.36 2,098,780 1,771,492 20,785 1.17 Volta 896,766 733,938 3,687 0.50 983,588 593,561 6,858 1.16 819,466 717,873 12,046 1.68 Eastern 1,056,222 856,159 2,219 0.26 1,187,573 758,602 13,367 1.76 1,142,390 939,607 18,935 2.02 Ashanti 1,592,854 1,270,071 12,057 0.95 1,976,959 1,286,042 14,067 1.09 1,893,527 1,679,664 23,904 1.42 B/Ahafo 903,989 650,477 10,004 1.54 1,041,920 608,453 2,307 0.38 939,228 779,821 16,816 2.16 Northern 809,433 623,433 17,840 2.86 930,911 598,109 33,710 5.64 894,342 787,234 30,573 3.88 U/East 442,601 356,915 22,387 6.27 480,894 289,856 1,240 0.43 425,756 347,514 12,729 3.66 U/ West 272,015 206,200 10,763 5.22 303,264 181,672 2,930 1.61 276,378 224,306 12,571 5.60 Totals 9,279,605 7,256,872 111,108 1.53 10,698,652 6,605,084 104,214 1.58 10,354,970 8,813,908 188,123 2.13 69

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections FIGURE(7): Comparative Graph on total Votes Cast and Total Ballots rejected from 1992- 2004 10.000.000 9.000.000 8.813.908 8.000.000 7.000.000 7.256.872 6.605.084 VOTES CAST 6.000.000 5.000.000 4.000.000 3.000.000 2.000.000 2.126.918 1.000.000 64.354 1992 111.108 1996 YEARS 104.214 200 188.123 200 FRED TETTEH, R& M DEPT,EC 70

by the Electoral Commission PART 4- ELECTION SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND OBSERVATION SUPERVISION For most part of the election year, the Commission members were in their assigned regions on supervisory duties. In view of the sensitive nature of the electoral process, and also in view of the fact that most of the field operatives were temporary staff, there was the urgent need to constantly watch their activities and give them technical support where necessary. During the various election activities, each region was divided up between the Regional Director, the Deputy Regional Director and the Head quarters Directors on temporary assignment to the region and these reported to the Commission members any problem they could not solve individually. Each of the zones a region was divided into covered a number of Districts and the assigned Director/Deputy Director was responsible for overseeing the activities of the District Electoral Officers within the zone. The District Electoral Officers were in turn responsible for overseeing the activities of the Returning Officers of the constituencies within their districts. On Election Day, Returning Officers and Deputy Returning Officers moved round the polling stations within the sections of the constituencies assigned to them to inspect the work of the polling station staff and give them the assistance they required. Commission members and their supporting directors were also in the field visiting centres to find out whether voting was going on smoothly and no irregularities were being committed. Provision was made to enable Commission members, Directors and some key personnel to use their personal mobile telephones in the field to facilitate communication and thereby enhance supervision. 71

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections MONITORING BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMMISSION All the Commission’s exercises are monitored to see whether or not laid down procedures are followed. On voting day, 7th December 2004, monitors went round the polling stations to see whether qualified voters were being given the opportunity to cast their votes. Essentially, monitors looked to see whether: • The layout of polling stations was suitable for voting in secret. • There was adequate supply of voting materials • Polling staff were at post and properly working. • Voters were being processed effectively and efficiently. • Party/candidates agents were present and acting correctly: that is to say they were not acting in anyway that would prevent voters from expressing their will. Monitoring was done by staff who had been selected and trained for the purpose. Each monitor was assigned a number of electoral areas within a constituency to cover. Since each and every polling station could not be covered, monitors were required to do sample checking and to move as will suit their travelling convenience. Each monitor was given a batch of forms of checklist which he/she was to use to guide his/ her monitoring so as to ensure systematic checking and uniform reporting. monitoring covered voting and counting of votes and each monitor was required to be present at a polling station after 5:00 pm when voting ended to observe the counting process. At the end of the exercise, Monitors submitted their completed checklist to the Research and Monitoring Department at Head office. 72

by the Electoral Commission Observation Local and International observation In line with the policy of the Commission, the 2004 elections, like previous elections conducted by the Commission, were open to both local and foreign observers.(see Box(1)) In response to invitations extended to organisations a number of them applied for accreditation.The Commission arranged for identification and training for all observers and gave them accreditation subject to the following conditions: • Observers should identify themselves to the Presiding Officers at each polling station visited. • Observers should not involve themselves in the conduct of the elections • Failure to follow a lawful direction from a Presiding Officer is a violation of Ghanaian law. The various observer organizations were given copies of the code of conduct for election observers designed by the Commission for their guidance and were expected to submit copies of their reports after the observation to the Commission. BOX(1): Observer groups which participated in the 2004 Elections FOREIGN- Staff from the following missions in Accra: 1. Canada and Australia 2. Denmark 3. European Union 4. France 5. Germany 6. Japan 7. Netherlands 8. United Kingdom 9. United States of America LOCAL 1. CODEO(made up of several organizations) 2. GIMPA 73

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections COMPLAINTS, PETITIONS AND ELECTION OFFENCES Complaints The 2004 elections, like all others before, generated a lot of complaints from the Ghanaian voting public and party officials. Some of the complaints were against the Electoral Commission. They include the demarcation of the thirty(30) additional constituencies, the slow progression of the registration exercise, the use of black and white film instead of colour film in the making of the voter ID card, the inversion of the arrangement of the colours of the national flag embossed on the voter ID card and the transfer of votes. As it turned out some of the complaints emanated from ignorance or inadequate information, which because of media hype became quite loud and unpleasant. However, through the discussion at IPAC meetings explanations on radio and television and press statements, the Commission was able to correct the situation. • A complaint about Rejected Ballot Papers- on the 9 th of December 2004, while the results of the presidential election were being collated, the NDC made a request to the Chairman for a recount of the presidential votes on account of what was considered to be a high percentage of rejected ballots. There were other complaints, which though were not directed at the Commission, also had an adverse effect on the election environment. These were mainly in connection with the selection of candidates for the parliamentary election by the political parties. Article 55(5) of the 1992 constitution provides that” the internal organization of a political party shall conform to democratic principles…” The effect of this was that party members insisted that all those who wished to contest the elections should be given the chance to be nominated as candidates. In some cases where the party’s own choice conflicted with the wishes of the members, there were violent demonstrations which were covered by the media thus increasing the tension. Serious cases were reported to have occurred in Okaikwei North constituency in the Greater Accra region, Effutu and Agona West constituencies in the Central region and Ashanti Mampong constituency in the Ashanti region among others. 74

by the Electoral Commission Petitions Election petitions are provided for under sections 16 to 26 of Representation of the people’s law 1992,(PNDC L 284). The following are summaries of some of the petitions filed after the 2004 elections. • The NPP and the NDC parliamentary candidates for Upper West Akim and Asuogyaman constituencies in the Eastern region petitoned against the conduct of the elections in their respective constituencies as a consequence of the confusion which erupted at the collation centres on election night. • The NPP candidate for Asunafo constituency in the Brong Ahafo region, whose agents refused to endorse the results of the election on the grounds that the results from one polling station had not been received, filed a petition at the High Court at Sunyani on the said grounds. • The NPP candidate for Pru constituency in the Brong Ahafo region petitioned the Sunyani High Court as having been treated unfairly when the Commission after a recollation of results using the copies of the polling station results given to the party agents reversed the results initially declared by the Deputy Returning Officer and confirmed the NDC candidate as the true winner. • The NDC candidate for Ledzokuku constituency in the Greater Accra region filed a petition at the Accra High Court seeking an order for the recount of all valid votes cast in the constituency during the 7 th December parliamentary elections on the grounds that the results the Returning Officer declared were wrong and that he and not the NPP candidate should have won the election. • The NPP candidate for Techiman North constituency in the Brong Ahafo region filed a petition at the Sunyani High Court contesting the results of the election in the constituency on the grounds that the collation process was interfered with by a violent mob. The action taken by the Techiman North NPP candidate was similar to the one taken by the NPP candidate for Pru constituency in the Sunyani High Court. • The NPP candidate for Garu/Tempane constituency in the Upper East region petitioned the District Electoral Officer a day after the election and subsequently filed a petition against the results at the Bolgatanga High Court. 75

The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Election offences Election offences are provided for under sections 27 to 42 of the Representation of the People’s Law 1992 (PNDC L284). Below are a few cases reported: • Vote buying- This was reported to have occurred in the Ho central constituency in the Volta region. It was alleged that some people offered money and obtained the Voter ID cards of some unsuspecting voters and that these were attempts to deny those affected their right to vote. This effort was however counteracted with announcements on air and by radio discussion programmes by the Volta Regional Directorate of the Commission assuring genuinely registered voters that they could vote even without their ID cards. • Obstruction of officers- During the collation of the results at the Upper West Akim constituency centre at Adeiso in the Eastern Region, a group of unidentified persons attacked the officers with machets and grabbed five(5) of the ballot boxes and bolted with them. • At Asunafo in the Brong Ahafo region four(4) ballot boxes were stolen and even though three(3) of the boxes were retrieved the election was not adversely affected by the loss of the results of the single polling station. • When the sympathizers of the NPP candidate for Techiman North realized that he was losing, they attacked the election officials at work/at the collation centre at Tuabodom with stones and sticks which forced them to flee. • At Nanton constituency in the Northern region the youth and sympathizers of the NPP stormed the collation centre during collation time on 7 th December 2004 and demanded that the NPP parliamentary candidate should be declared the winner, otherwise the election materials would be destroyed while results were being collated. 76

by the Electoral Commission • At Tolon constituency collation centre also in the Northern region election officials were attacked by an unidentified mob from Tolon town who destroyed everything in sight, including declaration of results forms from the polling stations. Eighteen(18) ballot boxes were damaged and twenty(20) burnt. • At the collation centre of the Zabzugu/Tatale constituency in the Northern region a mob attacked the election officials, brutalized them and destroyed twenty-two(22) ballot boxes. The District Electoral Officer who was one of the assaulted officers was hospitalized for a few days. • The collation centre at Yapei/Kusawgu constituency, in the Northern region, was attacked on 8 th December 2004 by an unidentified mob while collation was going on. Items destroyed included declaration of results forms from the polling stations and some ballot boxes. • There was a mob attack on the collation centre at Yeji in the Pru constituency in the Brong Ahafo region which made the Returning Officer abandon his work and go into hiding. The Deputy Returning Officer completed the collation but gave the winning score to the NPP candidate instead of the NDC candidate who was the true winner. He later alledged he did so under duress. LESSONS LEARNT AND CONCLUSIONS In connection with the holding of free and fair elections in 2004, the Commission put the following measures in place: • Thirty(30) new constituencies in fulfillment of a consititutional requirement. • Replaced the voters register to enhance its overall credibility. • Put the picture of each voter on the register to further prevent impersonation and double voting. • Improved its relationship with its stakeholders by being more consultative and responsive by decentralizing the IPAC fora to the regional and district levels and holding more public fora. 77

78

VOTING PATTERNS IN THE 2004 ELECTIONS by Joseph R.A. Ayee, Professor/Dean, Faculty of Social Studies, University of Ghana, Legon 79

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections INTRODUCTION For a very long time, ethnicity has featured prominently in the politics and elections of sub-Saharan African countries. Some scholars and politicians regard it as counterproductive and“primordial” identity that results in instability while others see it as situational and fluid(for instance, competition for resources). There is evidence to suggest that most African societies are composed of several ethnic groups, sometimes dozens of them. Yet in some countries like Ghana, Tanzania and Burkina Faso this leads to no excessive social tension, where as in others like Rwanda and Burundi, even the existence of only two groups has led to violent antagonisms(Englebert, 2000). In spite of its negative effects, ethnicity is seen as providing“a level of institutional identification to fall back on in times of contestation of the state”(Bayart, 1993). Consequently, politics in Africa as not merely ethnic polarization can be seen in the fact that politicians usually do not simply favour their own ethnic group but build networks of support and alliances across ethnic, regional, religious, or other cleavages in order to create coalitions to support their power. This point has been emphasized by Celestin Monga(1998) who pointed out that winning elections in Africa involves support beyond one’s mere ethnic constituency. Hence, even though ethnicity is often present in political conflicts in Africa, it is not so much a factor of social fractionalization but rather as an instrument for the contestation or the reconfiguration of power(Davidson, 1992; Englebert, 2000). Against this background, this paper examines the voting patterns in the 2004 elections, given the perception that the two major parties, the New Patriotic Party(NPP) and the National Democratic Congress(NDC) won massively in their strongholds, Ashanti and Volta regions respectively- a trend that does not differ significantly from the previous elections of 1992, 1996, 2000. The paper is divided into four sections. Section 1 is devoted to clarifying the concept of ethnicity. Section 2 deals with the history of ethnicity in Ghanaian politics. Section 3 is a comparative analysis of the voting patterns of the 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 through the identification of ethnic bias, if any. Section 4 highlights the lessons learnt and their implications for democracy in Ghana. 80

by Joseph R.A. Ayee PART 1- THE CONCEPT OF ETHNICITY The concept of ethnicity is a complex one because it has both cultural and racial overtones. Ethnicity is the sentiment of loyalty towards a distinctive population, cultural group or territorial area. Others refer to it as“a subjective perception of common origins, historical memories, ties and aspirations; ethnic group pertains to organized activities by persons, linked by a consciousness of a special identity, who jointly seek to maximize their corporate political, economic and social interests”(Chazan et. al., 1992: 106). As a sense of“people-hood”, ethnicity is rooted in what is referred to as the“combined remembrances of past experience and in common aspirations, values, norms, and expectations. The validity of these beliefs and remembrances is of less significance to an overarching sense of affinity than is their ability to symbolize a people’s closeness to one another”(Chazan et. al. 1992: 106). The members of ethnic groups are often seen, correctly or incorrectly, to have descended from common ancestors, and the groups are thus thought of as extended kinship groups. More importantly, ethnicity is understood as a form of cultural identity, albeit one that operates at a deep and emotional level. An ethnic culture encompasses values, traditions and practices but, crucially, also gives a people a common identity and sense of distinctiveness, usually focusing upon their origins and descent(Heywood, 2000). There are four characteristics of ethnicity. First, ethnicity has the potential of spurring group formation and underpinning political organization because it is the collective consciousness that gains relevance to the political process. Secondly, the political role of ethnicity is fluid because most of the ethnic groups are not“fixed, centuries-old, primordial consciousness”. In other words, ethnicity is not so much a primordial identity as a situational and fluid one (Davidson, 1992; Bayart, 1993). Awareness as a group as distinct in relationship to other cultural groups referred to as“ethnic self-definition” is the outcome of the impact of colonial interventions and the intense competition over power, status, economic resources, and social services during the post-colonial period(Davidson, 1992; Chazan et. al., 1992; Bayart, 1993). Thirdly, ethnic groups lack homogeneity and cohesiveness. The relatively recent origin and flexibility of many African ethnic groups encourage the emergence of multiple identities and interests. It has been pointed out that“group control over individual conduct frequently is insufficient to prevent the emergence of diverse 81

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections interests, values and commitments”(Chazan et. al. 1992: 107). Fourthly, ethnic groups espouse the common(indivisible) interests of its membership as a whole as opposed to the like interests of its members. The distinction between like and common interests has been drawn by Robert MacIver(1970: 48): Like interests may be said to be in evidence where individuals severally or distinctively pursue a like object, each for himself; common interests may be said to exist where individuals seek a goal or objective which is one and indivisible for them all, which unites them with one another in a quest that cannot be resolved merely into an aggregate of individual quests. In other words,“the interest group whose members seek to improve their economic conditions must be distinguished from the ethnically based social organization whose members join forces to advance the unspecialized goals of the community for itself. …The existence of a common set of goals does not preclude a limit on an individual member’s commitment to group purposes”(Chazan et. al., 1992: 109). Ethnicity has been blamed for the adoption of poor policies in Africa and its weak institutions. In other words: …in ethnically fragmented societies politicians and bureaucrats tend to represent the interests of their ethnic group in the national arena. As a result, they sponsor, lobby for, and adopt policies whose benefits accrue to their constituencies but whose costs are more likely to be shared by the country as a whole. … They seek to increase the share of their ethnic slice at the expense of the total national pie(Englebert, 2000: 65). In addition, ethnicity has been blamed for rent-seeking, polarization and conflict in African states(Olson, 1970). However, these causes of development problems have been severely questioned. In the words of Englebert(2000: 68): …ethnic theories of African stagnation are weak. Although collection action and polarization theories of stagnation have much intellectual appeal, ethnic heterogeneity by itself is neither a systematic criterion of social differentiation nor a necessary factor of polarization. The available evidence suggests that ethnic heterogeneity neither accounts for what distinguishes slow growth in Africa from the rest of the world, nor is able to account for differences in performance within Africa. 82

by Joseph R.A. Ayee PART 2- MANIFESTATIONS OF ETHNICITY IN GHANAIAN POLITICS SINCE INDEPENDENCE Ethnicity in Ghanaian politics is not only sensitive but also evokes emotion and passion, depending on its beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, winners and losers. As a concrete and tangible identity, ethnicity is recognized as a central organizing principle in Ghanaian social life. As Rothchild has rightly pointed out“Of all the highly significant cleavages of modern Ghana(sub-region, age, class, income, education and so forth) none is more salient than that of ethnicity”(Rothchild,(1978: 1). Manifestations 1 of ethnicity in Ghanaian politics have been rife because the country is made up of various ethnic groups and in which the“shared feeling of belonging to the nation is recent”(Republic of Ghana, 1991: 50). The formation of regional, religious and ethnic based parties and organizations such as the National Liberation Movement (NLM), Northern People’s Party, Togoland Liberation Movement, Moslem Association Party and Ga Shifimoo Kpee before and immediately after independence to promote regional and ethnic interest mainly as a result of competition for resources shows the evolution of ethnicity in Ghanaian politics. Other manifestations of ethnicity are reflected in the following: • Composition of government. With the probable exception of Nkrumah’s Convention People’s Party government, successive governments have been accused of putting together a government team that has been ethnically skewed; • Recruitment into public offices such as the security services; • Dismissal of public servants as in“Apollo 568”; • Selection of presidential running mates; • Selection of candidates for parliamentary election by parties in their primaries; and • Selection of district chief executives(DCEs) and Regional ministers. 1 For details of these manifestations see, for example, A.K.D. Frempong,"Ghana's Election 2000: The Ethnic Undercurrents", in J.R.A. Ayee (ed.) Deepening Democracy in Ghana: Politics of the 2000 Elections, Vol. 1(Accra: Freedom Publications, 2001), Chapter 10. 83

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections In response to reducing ethnicity, a number of measures mainly in the area of legislation have been taken. First, Nkrumah’s Convention People’s Party(CPP) government passed the Avoidance of Discrimination Act in December 1957 which forbade the existence of parties on regional, tribal and religious basis. This measure was, however, interpreted as depriving the opposition of the basis of their support in the regions(Austin, 1970). Secondly, the post-Nkrumah period constitutions, namely, the 1969, 1979 and 1992 constitutions have provisions dealing with ethnicity. For instance, under the“Directive Principles of State Policy” of the 1992 Constitution, the State is to“actively promote the integration of the peoples of Ghana and prohibit discrimination and prejudice on the grounds of place of origin, circumstances of birth, ethnic origin, gender or religion, creed or other beliefs”. In addition, to achieve the political objectives of the Principles, the State is enjoined to take“appropriate measures to foster a spirit of loyalty to Ghana that overrides sectional, ethnic and other loyalties”(Republic of Ghana, 1992). Similarly, the Political Parties Act(Act 574) of 2000 prohibits the formation of ethnic or religious parties: a. No political party shall be formed on ethnic, gender, religious, regional, professional or other sectional divisions; or b. which uses words, slogans or symbols which could arouse ethnic, gender, religious, regional, professional or other sectional divisions. It then goes on to define the characteristics of a party formed on ethnic or other sectional divisions: …a political party is formed on ethnic, gender, religious, regional, professional or other sectional divisions if its membership or leadership is restricted to members of any particular community, region, ethnic group, gender, religious faith or profession, or if its structure and mode of operation are not national in character”(Republic of Ghana, 2000). The two contested elections since 1992 and the emerging two-party dominance Since the return to constitutional rule in January 1993, Ghana has had four general elections in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. The 1992 and 1996 elections were won by Rawlings’ National Democratic Congress(NDC) while Kufuor’s 84

by Joseph R.A. Ayee New Patriotic Party(NPP) won the 2000 and 2004 ones. The outcome of the 1992 and 2004 elections were disputed by the losing presidential candidates and therefore did not exhibit the grace to congratulate the winners as was the case in 1996 and 2000. For instance, in the 1992 presidential elections, the opposition parties made up of the New Patriotic Party(NPP), the People’s National Convention(PNC), the National Independence Party(NIP) and the People’s Heritage Party(PHP) complained against the unfair electoral environment, the Provisional National Defence Council’s(PNDC) control over the then Interim National Electoral Commission(INEC) and voter registration and manipulation of the presidential elections themselves and subsequently boycotted the presidential elections in December 1992. Similarly, in the 2004 elections, the NDC complained of electoral frauds and initially threatened to go to court to challenge the outcome of the elections 2 . It also served notice that it would come out with acts of frauds perpetrated in favour of the NPP 3 . Notwithstanding the controversy that surrounded the outcome of the two elections, the four elections generally show that the NDC and NPP are the two strongest parties, giving credence to the claim that Ghana is moving towards a two-party system. This is because in both presidential and parliamentary elections, the two parties have been stronger than the small parties(see Tables 21 and 22). 2 Mr Rojo Mettle-Nunoo, Dir. of Professor J.E.A. Mills' campaign team told a Daily Graphic reporter that the NDC intended to contest the results of the elections because there were instances in which NDC agents were not allowed to challenge the results at the polling station through intimidation and some of the results at the polling station were brought by unaccredited agents of the Electoral Commission, which were not the practice. According to him such instances of electoral fraud and malpractices as happened in Tolon, Pru, Zabzugu-Tatale and other areas were so phenomenal that when the real results were counted"it may happen that they could change"(see Daily Graphic, January 12, 2005, p. 13). 3 Professor J.E.A. Mills, presidential candidate of the NDC in the 2004 in his address to party supporters in the Tema West Constituency on January 4, 2005 said that the victory declared for the NPP initially in the Pru Constituency was an indication that there were similar electoral frauds in the 2004 polls. To him as far as he is concerned,"we are victorious, as far as I am concerned the truth has reigned"(Daily Graphic, January 5, 2005, p. 13). 85

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections In Table 21, the combined share of the NDC and NPP in the 1992 presidential election votes averaged 83% as against 17% by the minority parties. However, since the 1996 elections, the total average for the two parties has been 97%, 92% and 96% in 1996, 2000 and 2004 respectively. Similarly, in the parliamentary elections, the two parties have won between 96% and 97% of the parliamentary seats compared to the small parties(see Table 22). TABLE(21): Strength of the Parties in the Presidential Elections, 1992-2004 Parties NDC NPP PNC CPP NIP PHP UGM GCPP NRP NCP EGLE PCP DPP 1992 60.7 22.8 8.6 Not in existence 5.6 2.4 Not in existence Not in existence Not in existence NDC alliance NDC alliance Not in existence NDC(PA) 1996 57.4 39.6 3.0 Not in existence Folded up to become PCP Folded up to become PCP Not in existence Not in existence Not in existence Folded up to become part of PCP NDC Progressive Alliance(PA) NPP Great Alliance(GA) NDC(PA) 2000 44.50 48.17 2.90 1.80 Merged with the CPP Merged with the CPP 0.30 1.00 1.20 NDC Progressive Alliance Part of CPP Did not contest 2004 44.6 52.4 1.9 1.1 Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest 86

TABLE(22): Number of Seats won by the Parties in the Parliamentary Elections, 1992-2004 Parties 1992 1996 2000 NDC 189 133 92 NPP Did not contest 61 100 PNC Did not contest 1 3 CPP Not in existence- 1 NIP Did not contest- PHP Did not contest- UGM Not in existence- GCPP Not in existence- NRP Not in existence- NCP 8- EGLE 1- PCP Not in existence 5 DPP Nil- Independent 2- 4 Total 200 200 200 by Joseph R.A. Ayee 2004 94 128 4 3 1 230 87

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections PART 3- VOTING PATTERNS IN THE 1992, 1996, 2000 AND 2004 ELECTIONS In the four elections, the general perception has been that ethnic undercurrents played a major role in the success of the winners. This section will examine the validity of this assertion and try to explain why it is so or not. This will be done by looking at the outcome of the general elections of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 to see whether a trend towards ethnic voting has emerged or is emerging. This will involve disaggregating regional voting results and making a case that winning elections in Ghana depends on getting support beyond the parties’ mere ethnic constituencies or regions. Since 1992, the Volta and Ashanti regions have been the major electoral strongholds of the National Democratic Congress(NDC) and the New Patriotic Party(NPP) respectively. In 1992, the presidential candidate of the NPP, Adu Boahen received his highest vote of 60% from the Ashanti Region against his lowest vote of 3.6% from the Volta Region. Similarly, Rawlings, the NDC presidential candidate, received his highest vote of 93.2% from the Volta Region and the lowest of 32.9% from the Ashanti Region. However, it is instructive to note that the 32.9% received by Rawlings was far higher than what Adu Boahen received(3.6%) in the NDC Volta Region stronghold(see Table 23a). The People’s National Convention(PNC) under former president, Limann, came second to Rawlings in the Upper East and Upper West regions receiving 32.5% and 37.1% votes respectively. Some people will explain Limann’s quite impressive performance on the ground that he was from the Upper West Region. This is very debatable because with the exit of Limann, the PNC had never fared very well in subsequent elections(see Tables 23b, c, d and e and 24). In the 1996 elections, there was no significant change in the voting pattern in the Volta and Ashanti regions. Rawlings obtained his highest vote of 94.5% from the Volta Region and his lowest 32.8% from Ashanti. On the other hand, the NPP presidential candidate, J.A. Kufuor received his highest vote of 65% from Ashanti Region and his lowest 4.7%- 1.1% better than what Adu Boahen obtained in 1992. The PNC’s vote, however, depreciated considerably dropping to 13.7% and 14.2% in the Upper East and Upper West regions respectively(see Table 23b). This shows that sometimes personalities play a great role in garnering votes for parties and not necessarily ethnicity. 88

by Joseph R.A. Ayee With the Rawlings era over, some significant developments occurred in the voting patterns in the 2000 and 2004 elections. In the 2000 elections, the NDC’s candidate, John Atta Mills won 86.81% and 22.73% votes(as against Rawlings’ over 93% and 32% in 1992 and 1996) from the Volta and Ashanti regions respectively. In contrast, the NPP candidate, John Kufuor obtained 75.56% and 6.64% from the Ashanti and Volta regions respectively(see Table 23c). Even though the PNC slightly improved its performance, it could not still reach the record set by Limann in 1992. In the 2000 presidential run-off between Atta Mills and John Kufuor, the voting pattern in the two regions did not change. Atta Mills received 88.47% of the Volta Region votes while Kufuor got 11.53%. This is in contrast to Ashanti Region which gave Kufuor 79.89% votes and Mills 20.11%(see Table 23d). In the 2004 elections, Mills and Kufuor obtained 83.8% and 14.2% respectively from the Volta Region. In the Ashanti Region, Kufuor received 74.6% while Mills got 24%. It is instructive to note that the NPP increased its votes in the Volta Region by over 100%, even though it is insignificant, while the NDC increased its performance in Ashanti by a little over 1%(see Table 23e). In the parliamentary elections, the NDC won 21 out of the 22 seats in the Volta Region (the NPP won the remaining one seat) while in the Ashanti Region, the NPP won 36 out of the 39 seats with the NDC winning the remaining three(see Table 24). The analysis has so far shown that since 1992, the so-called ethnic voting is confined to the Ashanti and Volta regions. This is because the two parties have both regions as their traditional strongholds, which is not new in electoral politics. Even though they have these strongholds they have to depend on other regions to win the elections. The presidential votes and parliamentary seats from the two regions cannot give electoral victory to either of the parties. If one adds the votes in Tables 23 a, b, c, d, e and the number of seats won by the two parties from the two regions in Table 24, it is crystal clear that they would not have given any of the two parties any where near electoral victory. For instance, the 39 and 22 parliamentary seats of Ashanti and Volta regions respectively total 61 seats out of the 230 seats(see Table 24). They, therefore, form only 26.5% of the total number of seats in Parliament, far from clinching an electoral victory. This confirms our point earlier on that winning elections in Ghana depends on getting support beyond the parties’ mere ethnic constituencies or regions. 89

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections It can also be argued that ethnicity is not very important in winning elections in Ghana. If it were so, most of the presidential candidates since 1992 would have done better in their home regions. For instance, Atta Mills, the NDC’s presidential candidate a“son of the soil” from the Central Region did not perform well in the 2000 and 2004 elections(see Tables 23 a, b, c, d and e); and yet he did well in the Volta Region because of the Rawlings legacy. PART 4- CONCLUSIONS: EXPLAINING THE VOTING PATTERNS AND THE LESSONS It is difficult for one to explain voting patterns in the 2004 elections and previous ones solely on the basis of ethnicity. The ethnic card and its impact on electoral victory has goaded some people to suggest that the NPP won the 2004 elections in regions with at least 40% Akans, while regions between 2% to 10% Akans voted for the NDC. This is not convincing as evidence is patchy. Explaining electoral outcome in terms of ethnicity amounts to“uni-causal reductionism” that seems to have no strong empirical basis. What one needs to do is to explain why the Ashanti and Volta regions have voted the way they did since 1992. Three explanations may be offered. First, dominant parties normally have their strongholds from where they draw their support. Consequently, it is possible to say that the Volta and Ashanti regions are the support base of the two dominant parties in Ghana, namely, the New Patriotic Party(NPP) and National Democratic Congress(NDC) respectively. Secondly, voting patterns depend on factors such as personalities, good governance, level of poverty, party ideology, programme, organization and cohesion and access to resources. The personality of Rawlings in the Volta Region cannot be underestimated even though this is beginning to change, especially when the NDC has been in opposition for the second time running and Rawlings’ own admission that he could have done better for the Volta Region in terms of development projects when he was in power. Furthermore, even though Rawlings does not hail from the Northern, Upper West and Upper East regions, the three regions have voted for the NDC since 1992 because of the feeling by the voters that the NDC improved their lot while it was in power. Thirdly, voting patterns have shown that ethnic sentiments are an instrument for the contestation or the reconfiguration of power and not so much a factor of social fractionalization. 90

by Joseph R.A. Ayee The main lesson that this paper tries to convey is that winning elections depends on building networks of support and alliances across ethnic, regional, religious, or other cleavages in order to create coalitions to support the power of the parties. One cannot explain electoral victory solely in terms of ethnicity because it has the tendency of stifling the progress of democracy. There cannot be democratic consolidation if electoral success is explained in terms of ethnicity. Electoral outcome based on ethnicity cannot be rational and may be a barrier to the construction of a robust democracy capable of withstanding the test of time. Deepening democracy through electoral success hinges on the ability of the political parties themselves to meet the expectations of voters, which is also the outcome of the formulation of a credible and realistic party manifesto and the building of trust between the parties and voters. 91

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections TABLE(23a): Results of the Presidential Elections, 1992 Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/West U/East Total Turnout 47.8 47.7 46.0 62.4 51.0 50.5 46.0 50.7 51.5 51.2 50.2 Total Votes Cast 410,266 349,751 516,853 491,551 517,733 732,990 407,189 344,008 138,752 218,783 4,127,876 NDC (Rawlings) Vote% 60.7 66.5 53.4 93.2 57.3 32.9 61.9 63.0 51.0 54.0 58.4 NPP (Adu Boahen) Vote% 22.8 26.0 37.0 3.6 37.7 60.5 29.5 16.3 8.9 10.5 30.3 PNC (H. Limann) Vote% 8.6 1.9 4.3 1.6 1.9 2.5 5.3 11.0 37.1 32.5 6.7 NIP (K. Darko) Vote% 5.6 3.5 4.1 0.7 2.3 3.6 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.9 PHP (Gen. Erskine) Vote% 2.4 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.0 8.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 Source: Electoral Commission, Accra 92

TABLE(23b): Results of the 1996 Presidential Election on Regional Basis Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/West U/East Total Turnout 74.5 74.3 78.4 81.8 81.1 79.8 71.8 73.7 75.8 79.8 77.9 Total Votes Cast 708,589 562,923 1,219,833 730,251 853,938 1,258,032 640,474 596,269 195,437 334,528 7,225,161 NDC(J.J. Rawlings) Vote% 57.3 55.7 54.0 94.5 53.8 32.8 61.7 62.1 74.6 69.0 57.4 NPP(J. A Kufuor) Vote% 40.9 42.9 43.3 4.7 45.0 65.8 36.0 32.0 11.2 17.4 39.6 by Joseph R.A. Ayee PNC(E. Mahama) Vote% 1.8 1.4 2.7 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.3 5.9 14.2 13.7 3.0 Source: Electoral Commission, Accra. 93

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections TABLE(23c): Results of the 2000 Presidential Election on Regional Basis Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/West U/East Total Turnout 58.8 63.9 59.5 60.3 63.9 65.1 58.4 64.2 59.9 60.3 61.7 Total Votes Cast 622,296 542,441 1,094,317 586,703 745,235 1,271,975 606,146 564,399 178,742 288,616 6,500,870 NDC (Mills) Vote% 43.95 43.73 43.21 86.81 41.34 22.73 44.64 50.75 62.29 52.07 44.85 NPP (Kufuor) Vote% 50.54 49.68 53.18 6.64 54.97 75.56 50.59 29.56 15.51 21.46 48.37 PNC (Mahama) Vote% 0.85 0.51 0.27 0.33 0.61 0.25 1.72 8.12 15.57 19.90 2.9 CPP (Hagan) Vote% 2.90 3.19 0.96 1.38 0.91 0.47 0.63 6.78 1.31 1.37 1.8 GCPP (Lartey) Vote% 0.85 1.27 0.58 1.41 0.92 0.53 1.05 1.82 2.14 2.45 1.0 NRP (Tanoh) Vote% 0.76 1.34 1.43 0.56 1.0 0.35 1.09 2.30 2.40 1.91 1.2 UGM (WerekoBrobby) Vote% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.3 Source: Electoral Commission, Accra 94

by Joseph R.A. Ayee TABLE(23d): Results of the 2000 Presidential Run-off on Regional Basis Regions Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/ Ahafo Northern U/East U/West Total Mills 229,978 39.10% 199,006 39.69% 421,954 40.05% 589,719 88.47% 269,270 37.59% 258,623 20.11% 245,300 41.70% 277,038 51.10% 154,703 57.17% 104,533 61.97% 2,750,124 43.10% Kufuor 358,138 60.90% 302,414 60.31% 631,506 59.95% 76,839 11.53% 447,154 62.41% 1,027,132 79.89% 342,961 58.30% 265,076 48.90% 115,880 42.83% 64,163 38.03% 3,631,263 56.90% Valid Votes 588,116 501,420 1,053,460 666,558 716,424 1,285,755 588,261 542,114 270,583 168,696 6,381,387 Rej. Votes 6,460 7,106 6,182 10,884 6,713 7,041 7,174 13,149 7,547 5,360 77,616 Total Cast 594,576 Reg. Voters 1,076,778 Turnout% 55.2 508,526 870,876 58.4 1,059,642 1,845,889 57.4 677,442 983,588 68.9 723,137 1,187,573 60.9 1,292,796 1,976,959 65.4 595,435 1,041,920 57.1 555,263 930,911 59.6 278,130 480,894 57.8 174,056 303,264 57.4 6,459,003 10,698,652 60.4 Source: Ghana Gazette, No. 2, 12 th January 2001 95

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections TABLE(23e): Results of the 2004 Presidential Election on Regional Basis Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/West U/East Total Turnout 83.6 84.4 84.4 87.6 82.2 88.7 83.0 88.0 81.2 81.6 85.1 Total Votes Cast 819,162 707,471 1,750,707 705,827 920672 1,655,760 763,005 756,661 211,735 334,785 8,625,785 NDC (J.E.A. Mills) Votes% 40.8 39.2 46.3 83.8 38.3 24.0 46.0 56.9 56.6 53.9 44.6 NPP (J.A. Kufuor) Votes% 56.6 58.5 51.9 14.2 60.2 74.6 51.9 36.2 32.2 31.6 52.4 PNC (E. Mahama) Votes% 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2 5.0 9.5 12.6 1.9 CPP (G. Aggudey) Votes% 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.0 Source: Electoral Commission, Accra 96

by Joseph R.A. Ayee TABLE(24): Performance of the Political Parties in the 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Based on Number of Constituencies Won Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/West U/East Total NDC (Pres.) 8 2 11 22 7 3 9 21 8 12 103 NDC (No. of Seats) 8 2 11 21 6 3 10 17 7 9 94 NPP (Pres.) 14 17 16 0 21 36 15 5 2 1 127 NPP (No. of Seats) 12 16 16 1 22 36 14 8 1 2 128 PNC (Pres.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PNC (No. of Seat) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 CPP (Pres.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CPP (No. of Seats) 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ind. Cand. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 10 13 230 Source: Electoral Commission, Accra 97

Voting Patterns in the 2004 Elections REFERENCES Austin, D.(1970) Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960(London/Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press). Bayart, J-F.(1993) The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly(London& New York: Longman). Chazan, N., Mortimer, R., Ravenhill, J.& Rothchild, D.(1992) Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, 2edn. (Boulder, CO.: Westview). Davidson, Basil(1992) The Black Man’s Burden. Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State(New York: Times Books). Englebert, P.(2000) State Legitimacy and Development in Africa(Boulder/London: Lynne Rienner). Frempong, A.K.D.(2001)“Ghana’s Election 2000: The Ethnic Undercurrents”, in J.R.A. Ayee(ed.) Deepening Democracy in Ghana: Politics of the 2000 Elections, Vol. 1(Accra: Freedom Publications), Chapter 10. Ghana, Republic of(1991) Report of the Committee of Experts(Constitution) on Proposals for a Draft Constitution of Ghana(Tema: Ghana Publishing Corporation). Ghana, Republic of(1992) Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992(Accra: Government Printer, Ass. Press). Ghana, Republic of(2000) Political Parties Act, 2000(Act 574)(Accra: Government Printer, Assembly Press). Heywood, A.(2000) Key Concepts in Politics(New York: Palgrave). MacIver, R.(1970) On Community, Society and Power(Chicago: University of Chicago Press). Monga, Celestin(1998) The Anthropology of Anger: Civil Society and Democracy in Africa(Boulder, CO.: Lynne Rienner). Olson, Mancur(1970) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups(Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Rothchild, D.(1978)“ Ethnicity and Purposive Depoliticization: the Public Policies and Two Ghanaian Military Regimes”, paper presented at the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, November 1978. 98

CHANGES IN VOTING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOURS IN GHANA’S 2004 GENERAL ELECTIONS by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson; Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon 99

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections CHANGE IN VOTING PATTERNS IN GHANA’S 2000 AND 2004 GENERAL ELECTIONS In 2000, Ghana became one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa to change leadership through the ballot box in a sub region where change of government through the military has a long history. Ghana was hailed for being a flag bearer of democratic governance in Africa. In that election the incumbent NDC was defeated by the opposition NPP. The incumbent NDC’s founder and leader, Flt. Lt. J.J.Rawlings who has been the president for two terms could not seek re-election and had to watch his vice-president, who took over as the NDC candidate, lose the presidential run-off election to the NPP candidate John A. Kufuor. The NPP also won a majority of seats in the legislature. In the previous legislature of 1996, of the 200 seats, the distribution was as follows: TABLE(25): 1996 Parliament: Seat Distribution Party No. of Seats National Democratic Congress(NDC 132 National Patriotic Party(NPP) 62 People’s Convention Party(PCP) 5 People’s National Convention(PNC) 1 Total 200 Source: Electoral Commission In the presidential election, Rawlings won 57.4%, and Kufuor 39.7%. It was against this background that the 2000 general elections took place. In the 2000 general election the NDC did not only lose the presidential election but went from a majority of 132 seats in the previous 1996 election to a defeat, winning 92 seats to NPP’s 100. This meant that the NDC lost forty seats to the NPP. In the next election in 2004, apart from retaining the presidency, the NPP won 127 to the NDC’s 97. There were 30 new constituencies and the NPP won 16, NDC won 13 and PNC won 100

by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson 1. However in the presidential election in the 30 new constituencies, the NDC presidential candidate won 16 and the NPP presidential candidate won 14. The number of seats won by the NPP in relation to those won by the NDC suggest that there has been some significant shifts in the way the Ghanaian electorate made choices in the 2000 and 2004 general elections in favour of the NPP and this is an attempt to explain the paradigm shifts which are very much evident in the election results. THE CHANGES IN VOTING PATTERNS BETWEEN THE 2000 AND 2004 ELECTIONS Prior to the 2000 elections the voting pattern and behaviour of the Ghanaian electorate has been such that Rawlings and the NDC had held sway. Since the return of constitutional rule under the fourth republic, Ghanaians had voted for Rawlings and the NDC. In the 1992 elections, Rawlings won the presidential elections, but the other parties protested about the conduct of the presidential elections and boycotted the parliamentary election which was due a week later. The NDC thus dominated parliament with 189 seats. The NCP which had provided the Vice President to Rawlings won 8 seats(Table 25). This is against the background that Rawlings had been the chairman of the PNDC since December 31, 1981. Rawlings used state resources to set up the NDC and thus both had a head start on the uneven playing field that was set up for the 1992 political contest. In the circumstances the dominance of Rawlings and the NDC was not in doubt. The 1993 parliament was seen virtually as a“rubber stamp parliament” that had very little influence on the executive of President Rawlings because the party of Rawlings dominated it. 101

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections TABLE(26): 1993 Parliament: Seat Distribution Party National Democratic Congress(NDC National Patriotic Party(NPP) People’s Convention Party(PCP) People’s National Convention(PNC) Total No. of Seats 132 62 5 1 200 Source: Electoral Commission Having seen the effect of their boycott of the 1992 parliamentary election, the opposition parties decided to contest Rawlings and the NDC in the 1996 general elections. In that election Rawlings(NDC) contested as the incumbent against Kufuor(NPP). The NPP went into what they called the“Great Alliance” with the PCP in which the NPP’s J.A. Kufuor run with K.N. Arkaah of the PCP against the NDC ticket of Rawlings and J.E.A. Mills. In the parliamentary election the“Great Alliance” agreed to field one candidate from which ever political tradition was stronger in the constituency. The election results are set out in table 27 below. The NDC’s presidential ticket of Rawlings and Mills won and the NDC won with a much reduced majority seats in parliament. The distribution of seats was as follows: NDC132, NPP-62, PCP-5, PNC-1. The NDC lost 39 seats and the NPP gained 62 seats evidence that given an even political field the electorate would not vote that massive for Rawlings and the NDC. 102

by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson TABLE(27): 1997 Parliament: Seat Distribution Party National Democratic Congress(NDC National Patriotic Party(NPP) People’s Convention Party(PCP) People’s National Convention(PNC) Total No. of Seats 132 62 5 1 200 EXPLAINING THE SHIFT FROM NDC TO NPP: 2000 ELECTIONS Source: Electoral Commission The NDC went to the 2000 elections confident that they will retain power. Earlier in Senegal, the opposition party of Mr. Abdulai Wade had defeated the incumbent President, Abdu Djiof. This was to prompt the NDC minister for Information Mr. John Mahama to remark in an interview that“Senegal will not happen in Ghana”. The results of the 2000 elections were to make the minister eat humble pie. The NPP which had been in opposition since the country returned to constitutional rule in the fourth republic, had defeated the incumbent NDC at the elections. The new flagbearer of the NDC, Prof. J. E.A Mills was defeated in a run-off by J.A. Kufuor of the NPP. In the parliamentary election, the NPP won 100 seats and the NDC won 92. The NDC had moved from 132 to 92, a loss of 40 seats and the NPP moved from 62 to 100 a gain of 38. What then explains the NPP victory and the shift from the NDC to the NPP in the 2000 election? One explanation has been the need for change. It is argued that after being under Rawlings rule since December 31, 1981, Ghanaians were tired of Rawlings and the NDC. The period of unconstitutional rule of the PNDC saw a number of excesses in terms of human rights violations in the heat of the“revolution” leading to the abduction and 103

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections killing of four judges and a retired army officer. That does not however explain the victory of Rawlings and the NDC when the country was returned to constitutional rule in January 1993. The explanation given for that is that given the uneven playing field set up by Rawlings and the NDC for the 1996 elections, the opposition were being set up for defeat by agreeing to play at the game whose plan and rules had been set up by Rawlings and his men in the PNDC. It was no surprising therefore when the opposition boycotted the parliamentary election after observing the rigging of the presidential election. The recovery of the NPP begun in the 1996 election when the NPP decided to contest the parliamentary election, having regretted their boycott and having witnessed the dominance the NDC had in parliament thus gave the executive headed by Rawlings a very easy ride. The electorate rewarded the NPP by giving them a sizable share of the vote. The NPP went from zero seats to 62 in the 1996 election. The NPP itself had chosen a very catchy slogan for the 2000 campaign, namely“positive change”. Their argument was simple, that after ten years of Rawlings and the PNDC and eight years of Rawlings and the NDC, there was the need for change and they presented themselves a very credible alternative to the NDC. The campaign strategy of the NDC for their presidential candidate, Prof. J.E.A. Mills was seen to have worked to his detriment. The strategy was the use of President Rawlings on Prof. Mills’ campaign team. For most of the time, President Rawlings was given far more prominence at the rally grounds than Prof. Mills. Before the NDC realized what was happening the electorate had developed the impression that Rawlings was going to be on the ballot rather than Prof. Mills and the party had to take steps to get Rawlings to campaign that his name and picture was not going to be on the ballot and people should not confuse him with Goosie Tandoh who was a Rawlings look-alike. It seemed the harm had already been done. One other variable that has been mentioned as explaining the shift from the NDC to the NPP has been the issue of poverty. It is argued that the regions with high rates of poverty tended to shift their vote to the NPP. This is a rather interesting argument because the regions so classified include the Northern, Upper West, Upper East and Central regions. A comparison of the votes between the 1996 and 2000 are as follows: 104

TABLE(28): Regional Distribution of Seats between NDC/NPP over three Elections Region Central Northern Upper East Upper West Ashanti Volta NDC 22 18 12 8 5 19 1996 NPP 5 3 0 0 28 0 NDC 9 18 8 7 1 17 2000 NPP 9 3 2 0 32 0 by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson NDC 2 17 8 6 3 21 2004 NPP 16 8 2 1 36 1 THE POVERTY FACTOR The Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy(GPRS) lists the three northern regions(Northern, Upper East and Upper West) and the Central region as the poorest regions in the country. Poverty has been regarded as one major factor that seemed to have influenced voting patterns and behaviour in the 2004 general elections. What stands clear from table 28 above is that to the extent that poverty was a factor in the shift in the voting pattern and behaviour from the NDC to the NPP can only be true for the Central region. The shift from the NDC to the NPP began in the 2000 election in which the seats won by the NDC reduced from 22 in the 1996 elections to 9 while the seats won by the NPP over the same period increased from 5 to 9 seats. The biggest shift in the number of seats won in the Central region occurred from the 2000 to the 2004 elections. The seats won by the NDC shrank from 9 in 2000 to 2 in the 2004 elections while the seats won by the NPP increased from 9 in 2000 to 16 in 2004. There were no significant shifts in the votes for the two parties in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions where the NDC maintained its 105

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections dominance with virtually no shifts in favour of the NPP. To a certain extent we might talk of the three regions of the North joining the Volta region as the“World Bank” or bastions of the NDC. Notwithstanding the poverty in the three Northern regions they have stood firm in their support for the NDC. The explanation for the strong support of the Northern region for the NDC seems to relate to the Dagbon crisis. The region seems to hold the NPP government responsible for the circumstances leading to the death of the Ya Na, the Overlord of Dagbon and have maintained their support for the NDC from the 1996 through 2000 to the 2004 elections. It is the Central region’s vote that really constitutes a significant shift. What might explain that shift then? The Central region can be lumped together with Ashanti as the World Bank of the NPP and this occurred between the 2000 and the 2004 elections. The shift in the Central region can be attributed to the view held by the region that after all the years of voting for the NDC the region has little to show by way of development. This is especially so when the region considers the fact that the region provided the two vice presidents to Rawlings from 1992 to 2000. What they have under all the years of NDC rule was humiliation for one of the vice presidents(Arkaah) and poverty and a very dangerous and accident prone trunk road linking the region to Accra. It was no wonder that when the region saw the beginning of the construction of the Accra–Yamoransa trunk road they sought to cast their lot with the NPP in the hope that it might portend better development for the region. THE VOTING PATTERN IN GHANA’S 2004 ELECTIONS The 2000 election results were virtually repeated in the 2004 general elections. The election had an increased number of constituencies, due to an increase in the country’s population, from 200 to 230 seats. The election result was a reinforcement of the paradigm shift arguments of voters moving their support from the NDC to the NPP in some regions and we shall attempt an explanation of this shift. The distribution of seats is shown in table 30 below. The NPP went 100 seats in the 2000 elections to 128 in the 2004 elections an increase of 27 seats over the 2000 elections. The seats won by the NDC increased from 92 to 94 an increase of three seats in an election in which there were 30 new seats. Table 32 is the distribution of constituencies won by the parties in the 2004 elections. 106

TABLE(29): 2005 Parliament: Seat Distribution Party National Patriotic Party(NPP) National Democratic Congress(NDC) People’s National Convention(PNC) Convention People’s Party(CPP) Independent Total Seats Won 128 94 4 3 1 230 by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson Source: Electoral Commission The presidential election in 2004 was a two horse race between the NPP incumbent candidate of President Kufuor and the NDC Prof. JEA Mills. Data from the electoral commission indicates that J.A. Kufuor(NPP) won 52.45%, and J.E.A. Mills(NDC) won 44.64% of the votes. Edward Mahama(PNC) won 1.92% and George Aggudey(CPP) 1.00% of the votes. The electorate seemed to have considered only the candidates of the NPP and the NDC. The pattern was no different from the 2000 elections. In the first round of the presidential election J. A. Kufuor won 48% of the votes and J.E.A. Mills won 45%. The performance of the other candidates was of little value except that it helped push the election into a run-off between Kufuor and Mills. In the parliamentary election, the NPP won 128, NDC 94, PNC 4 and CPP 3.(Table 31). The creation of 30 new constituencies did raise some anxiety within political circles about the appropriateness of the exercise in terms of its expediency and timing. In some political circles especially among the minority NDC it was felt the delimitation of the new constituencies might give some advantage to the ruling NPP. The results however did not show a significant advantage for any of the two leading parties. In the presidential election, the NDC candidate won 16 as against 14 by the NPP candidate. However in the parliamentary elec107

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections tion the PNC won 1, the NPP won 16 and the NDC won 13(Table 32). These figures however do not tell the whole story about what shifts have taken place in favour of the ruling NPP from the NDC. TABLE(30): Performance of Political Parties in the 2004 Elections Region Western Central Gt. Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern U/East U/West Totals Constituencies won by PNC Presidential # of Seats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 4 Constituencies won by NPP Presidential # of Seats 14 12 17 16 16 16 0 1 21 22 36 36 15 14 5 8 1 2 2 1 127 128 Constituencies won by NDC Presidential # of Seats 8 8 2 2 11 11 22 21 7 6 3 3 9 10 21 17 12 9 8 7 103 94 Constituencies won By CPP Presidential # of Seats 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Indep. Cand. # of Seats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Totals 22 19 27 22 28 39 24 26 13 10 230 Source: Electoral Commission 108

by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson Looking closely at the regional distribution of seats, we can say that the region with the strongest NDC support is Volta(NDC 21 NPP 1). The Northern region(NDC 17 NPP 8), Upper East(NDC 9 NPP 2) and Upper West(NDC 7 NPP 1) can be said to have joined the Volta region as the bastions of NDC support. On the other hand the Ashanti (NPP 36 NDC 3) is the bastion of NPP support. Central region(NPP 16 NDC 2) and Eastern(NPP 22 NDC 6) have joined Ashanti as the bastions of NPP support. Three other regions Western(NPP 12 NDC 8), Greater Accra(NPP 16 NDC 11) and Brong Ahafo(NPP 14 NDC 10) can be said to be leaning in favour of the NPP though not as significant as the Central and Eastern regions. These three regions could also be said to be the kingmakers or swing voters. They can to a significant extent decide which party wins the next elections in 2008. The Central region made the most significant shifts of voting in favour of the NPP in the 2004 parliamentary election. THE GENDER FACTOR The analysis of trends relating to gender in the 2004 general elections showed the following: • The overall trend was an increased participation of women measured both by the number of women who contested and by the number of women who were elected. • The number of women, who contested increased from a total of 95(representing 8.8%) of candidates in the 2000 elections to 104(representing 10.9%) of candidates in the 2004 elections. The number of male candidates however reduced significantly from 986 in 2000 to 849 in 2004. • The number of women who won increased from 18 in 2000 to 25 in 2004. • Many more women won seats in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. Greater Accra and Ashanti regions had 16 women contestants each and out of that, 5 candidates were elected for each of those regions. • The Northern region recorded an impressive improvement in the number of elected women from 1 in 2000 to 4 in 2004. 109

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections The picture of women in the 2004 general elections indicated above showed how women took much more active interest in the election. This can be attributed in part to the active role taken by gender-based NGOs in supporting women in the election. This was a conscious effort on the part of the gender based NGOs to assist women candidates in the election. The assistance took the form of publicity given to women candidates in the election in the local newspapers through the publication of their profiles. Other organizations like the Ark foundation organized seminars for women candidates and at the end of the seminars gave them some token funds to assist them in their campaign effort. There were also demands from the gender based NGOs for the political parties to set aside some seats for women in an affirmative-action effort to get many more women to enter parliament. Even though the increased number of women in parliament cannot be attributed to any special conciderations on the part of the electorate to elect women, it might be argued that the efforts of the gender based NGOs must have played a significant role in encouraging women to enter the primaries in their constituencies. It has to be said that all the women who won did so on their own merit despite the traditional odds against them in the political arena. 110

by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson TABLE(31): New Constituencies(Parliamentary) won by Parties in the 2004 Elections Regions Western Central Greater Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti B/Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West Totals Additional Constituencies 3 2 5 3 2 6 3 3 1 2 30 PNC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 NPP 1 2 3 1 2 6 1 0 0 0 16 NDC 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 3 1 1 13 CPP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: Electoral Commission 111

Voting Patterns and Behaviours in Ghana’s 2004 General Elections SOME CONCLUSIONS The December 7, 2004 general elections threw up some significant changes in the voting patterns and behaviours. One significant shift in voting pattern between the 2000 and 2004 elections was the shift in voting behaviour in the Central region. The Central region joined Ashanti and the Eastern region in voting massively for the NPP. It might be said that in this regard the Central region joined Ashanti as the“world Bank” of NPP support. That shift in the voting pattern in the Central region is in the view of this paper the result of the poverty and thus lack of development that the region had seen after years of voting for the NDC. The region might have also taken the construction of the Mallam-Yamoransa trunk road as a significant sign of much more development to accrue to the region if they cast their lot with the NPP. This is particularly so in one constituency, Gomoa West where the incumbent NDC MP has been there since 1992 and the constituency had seen very little development. Voters in Gomoa West easily pointed to the Mallam-Yamoransa trunk road under construction as evidence of the shape of things to come if they voted NPP. Interestingly while the Central region was voting significantly for the NPP, the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions were joining the Volta region as the“world Bank” of the NDC. This is significant in the sense that the three regions are the poorest in the country and logically if they are looking for development then they would be expected to make an effort to vote for the NPP that is the incumbent government. That the Upper East and West regions voted significantly for the NDC might be explained as they wanting to stick to the NDC in the hope that the party might win. It is in the Northern region that the explanation for the vote for the NDC will lie with the fall-out from the Dagbon crisis following the assassination of the Ya Na. The Northern region seems to have voted against the NPP because of a perception, rightly or wrongly, of the culpability of the NPP government in the death of the YA Na. One thing that stands out in the behaviour of voters in the 2004 elections is the rather confusing signals that were put out. Much as all the regions look forward to development some of them did not necessarily correlate voting for particular parties to the development of their regions. 112

by Dr. A. Essuman-Johnson The fortunes of the NDC also seem to wane following the end of the Rawlings era as head of state. Given the considerable influence that Rawlings wields as founder and leader of the NDC, the party is going to find it difficult to gain political power because of the confusion he introduces when he hits the political platform. He has not given enough political space to the flagbearer of the party Prof. Mills over the two elections that the latter has contested in 2000 and 2004. The paradox though is that much as Rawlings is out of the presidency he still wields lots of political influence in the NDC strongholds in some of the regions. Rawlings is going to influence voting patterns in those regions considered as NDC“world Banks”. The broad patterns would like the following: The Volta, Norther, Upper East and Upper West as NDC strongholds with little or no shifts in voting patterns. The Ashanti, Central and Eastern regions as strongholds of the NPP with little or no significant shifts in voting patterns. The Western, Brong Ahafo and Greater Accra even though voted for the NPP in the 2004 elections would remain the swing regions in terms of the voting pattern in the elections to come in the future. The significant increase in the number of women who contested and won in the 2004 elections is attributable to a large extent to the active effort by gender organizations to push the interest of women in the political arena and it is obvious that if they keep up with their efforts the number of women in Ghanaian politics would continue to increase. REFERENCES Tables 25-28 are adopted from: Parliament of Ghana(2004) A Guide to The Parliament of Ghana, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Ayee, J.R.A(1997) The 1996 General Elections and Democratic Consolidation in Ghana, Gold Type Press Ayee, J.R.A.(2001) Deepening Democracy in Ghana: Politics of the 2000 Elections, Freedom Publications, Accra. Government of Ghana Ghana’s Poverty Reduction Strategy(GPRS) Volume I. 113

114

ELECTORAL COMMISSION OF GHANA PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION RESULTS Date of Election: Tuesday, 7th December 2004 115

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti NPP NDC 36 seats 3 seats 116

REGION ASHANTI Constituency ADANSI ASOKWA Name SEIDU S ADAMS KOBINA TAHIR HAMMOND REVEREND EVANS AMANKWA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 24,541 24,112 Constituency AFIGYA-SEKYERE EAST Name HENNRIC DAVID YEBOAH EDWARD AYARKWAH ADAMU ALHASSAN AMIDU ALHAJI ADAM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 41,579 41,220 Constituency AFIGYA-SEKYERE WEST Name AMPOFO STEPHEN KAN-DAPAAH ALBERT JOSEPH BAAH A S OSEI YAW Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 17,979 17,863 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 31 NPP M 44 NDC M 32 Votes 177 15,176 8,759 Rejected Votes 429 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 62 CPP M 43 DPP M 31 Votes 32,143 8,450 398 229 Rejected Votes 359 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 41 NPP M 51 NDC M 57 CPP M 60 Votes 141 13,936 3,599 187 Rejected Votes 116 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.7% 62.9% 36.3% Elected + 27,432 New Turn-Out: 89.5% Pcnt 78.0% 20.5% 1.0% 0.6% Elected + 45,428 New Turn-Out: 91.5% Pcnt 0.8% 78.0% 20.1% 1.0% Elected + 19,679 New Turn-Out: 91.4% 117

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency AHAFO ANO NORTH Name ATTA SAMPSON KWAME OWUSU FRIMPONG ADDAI-AMANKWAH DAVID K TABI JOHN ADU GYAMFI EMMANEL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,974 28,469 Constituency AHAFO ANO SOUTH Name STEPHEN KWAKU BALADO MANU BRIGHT SIMON OSEI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,709 37,273 Constituency AKROFROM Name KWABENA APPIAH-PINKRAH JOSEPH K ABIM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 15,645 15,343 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 28 NPP M 44 NDC M 39 CPP M 38 DPP M 56 Votes 220 15,045 12,789 222 193 Rejected Votes 505 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 46 NDC M 46 Votes 24,096 13,177 Rejected Votes 436 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 57 NDC M 61 Votes 10,808 4,535 Rejected Votes 302 Pcnt 0.8% 52.8% 44.9% 0.8% 0.7% Elected + 31,709 New Turn-Out: 91.4% Pcnt 64.6% 35.4% Elected + 41,856 New Turn-Out: 90.1% Pcnt 70.4% 29.6% Elected + 17,508 New + + Turn-Out: 89.4% 118

Constituency AMANSIE-WEST Name MARY C DONKOR KOFI KRAH MENSAH CHARLES OTI PREMPEH OBENG APAU AUGUSTINE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 48,918 48,133 Constituency ASANTE AKIM NORTH Name ATOBRAH ISAAC BAAH WIREDU KWADWO THOMAS OSEI BONSU NKANSAH KWABENA ANARFI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 53,717 53,098 Constituency ASANTE AKIM SOUTH Name GIFTY OHENE KONADU FORKUO DE-GRAFT GEORGE AGYEPONG ANDREWS FRIMPONG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 40,558 40,384 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 54 NPP M 62 NDC M 56 CPP M 56 Votes 556 40,526 5,580 1,471 Rejected Votes 785 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 35 NPP M 52 NDC M 52 CPP M 47 Votes 427 40,497 11,462 712 Rejected Votes 619 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 49 NDC M 43 CPP M 69 IND M 46 Votes 24,085 12,365 494 3,440 Rejected Votes 174 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 1.2% 84.2% 11.6% 3.1% Elected + 55,756 New Turn-Out: 87.7% Pcnt 0.8% 76.3% 21.6% 1.3% Elected + 60,319 New Turn-Out: 89.1% Pcnt 59.6% 30.6% 1.2% 8.5% Elected + 45,061 New Turn-Out: 90.0% 119

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency ASAWASE Name THOMAS T ATIGAH PATRICIA APPIAGYEI ADAMU M GIBIRIL HASSAN B A ABU-BONG ADAM DIYAWU RAHAMAN ABDUL MAJEED ALHASSAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 68,224 67,485 Constituency ASOKWA Name MAHAMA NYABA MAXWELL KOFI JUMAH ISHMAEL BUTLER PETER AMANKWA KOBINA AMO-AIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 56,352 55,771 Constituency ATWIMA MPONUA Name ISAAC K ASIAMAH JOHN MACITSE ODURO H STEPHEN OSEI BOSSMAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 44,637 44,217 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 53 NPP F 47 NDC M 43 CPP M 32 DPP M 21 IND M 28 Votes 1,598 29,067 33,541 570 204 2,505 Rejected Votes 739 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP M 54 NDC M 54 CPP M 32 IND M 52 Votes 660 42,942 9,155 512 2,502 Rejected Votes 581 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 29 NDC M 55 CPP M 52 Votes 30,012 13,465 740 Rejected Votes 420 120 Pcnt 2.4% 43.1% 49.7% 0.8% 0.3% 3.7% Elected + 80,315 New Turn-Out: 84.9% Pcnt 1.2% 77.0% 16.4% 0.9% 4.5% Elected + 64,301 New Turn-Out: 87.6% Pcnt 67.9% 30.5% 1.7% Elected + 49,429 New Turn-Out: 90.3%

Constituency ATWIMA NWABIAGYA Name EBENEZER OBU TETTEH BENITO OWUSU-BIO NANA APPIA MANU MUMUNI ISSAH BEN OWUSU BOADU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 70,505 70,252 Constituency ATWIMA-KWANWOMA Name MATTHEW KWAKU ANTWI TONY AGYEMANG NYAME ADUHENE OPOKU ISAAC MICHEAL YAW OWUSU GYAWU CHARLES NANTWI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 35,538 35,050 Constituency BANTAMA Name CECILIA ABENA DAPAAH ALHASAN NAPOH YAW OWUSU BOAFO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 49,259 49,174 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 25 NPP M 36 NDC M 60 CPP M 28 EGLE M 27 Votes 681 56,337 11,982 1,068 184 Rejected Votes 253 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 63 NDC M 45 CPP M 23 IND M 45 IND M 35 Votes 28,384 4,044 610 1,412 600 Rejected Votes 488 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 50 NDC M 47 CPP M 58 Votes 41,064 7,288 822 Rejected Votes 85 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 1.0% 80.2% 17.1% 1.5% 0.3% Elected + 79,797 New Turn-Out: 88.4% Pcnt 81.0% 11.5% 1.7% 4.0% 1.7% Elected + 39,130 New Turn-Out: 90.8% Pcnt 83.5% 14.8% 1.7% Elected + 56,551 New Turn-Out: 87.1% 121

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency BEKWAI Name JANET ADARKWAH IGNATIUS KOFI POKU-ADUSEI JONAS OWUSU-BOATENG GRACE ABENA NKETIA BEATRICE KUSI-APPIAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 45,642 43,896 Constituency BOSOME-FREHO Name OFORI KURAGU EDWARD NANA YAW KWAME ADARKWA RICHMOND ADDAI AGYARE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 20,084 19,796 Constituency BOSOMTWE Name SULEIMAN MOHAMMED SIMON OSEI-MENSAH EDWARD ISAAC BOATENG PAUL ADOMAKO ANSAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,610 34,225 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 31 NPP M 41 NDC M 62 CPP F 57 IND F 49 Votes 870 34,830 3,739 241 4,216 Rejected Votes 1746 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 41 NDC M 44 CPP M 24 Votes 16,209 3,420 167 Rejected Votes 288 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 31 NPP M 43 NDC M 63 CPP M 36 Votes 340 28,052 4,884 949 Rejected Votes 385 Pcnt 2.0% 79.3% 8.5% 0.5% 9.6% Elected + 48,773 New Turn-Out: 93.6% Pcnt 81.9% 17.3% 0.8% Elected + 21,922 New Turn-Out: 91.6% Pcnt 1.0% 82.0% 14.3% 2.8% Elected + 38,682 New Turn-Out: 89.5% 122

Constituency EFFIDUASI/ASOKORE Name LOVIA BERKOH GRACE COLEMAN ADAE KWADWO JAMES KWADWO BOAMPONG ISAAC BRIGHT AKWANTEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,718 23,524 Constituency EJISU JUABEN Name KABA ABRAHAM HIROHITO YOUNTI AKWASI OSEI-ADJEI ANIMA WILSON KWASI BAIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 65,112 64,459 Constituency EJURA-SEKYEDUMASE Name RAYMOND ABUSKA RICHARD OFORI DWAMENA ALHAJI ISSIFU P MOHAMAD MATHIAS N G NAALA DOMINIC KWABENA ANOMAH.B Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,145 33,448 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 38 NPP F 61 NDC M 55 IND M 46 IND M 40 Votes 174 13,051 2,762 1,461 6,076 Rejected Votes 194 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 39 NPP M 55 NDC F 46 CPP M 62 Votes 1,375 50,396 11,058 1,630 Rejected Votes 653 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 51 NPP M 55 NDC M 42 CPP M 58 IND M 58 Votes 324 13,608 17,058 240 2,218 Rejected Votes 2697 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.7% 55.5% 11.7% 6.2% 25.8% Elected + 25,731 New Turn-Out: 92.2% Pcnt 2.1% 78.2% 17.2% 2.5% Elected + 73,059 New Turn-Out: 89.1% Pcnt 1.0% 40.7% 51.0% 0.7% 6.6% Elected + 38,114 New Turn-Out: 94.8% 123

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency FOMENA Name AKWASI AFRIFA JOHN TOKU SEOTAH KOBINA JAMES GEORGE KOFI TIEKU AMPOMAH THOMAS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 15,722 15,528 Constituency KUMAWU Name YAW BAAH GEORGE AMANKWAA KOFI ADU POKU YAW OPOKU MENSAH PATRICK OSEI ABOAGYE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,977 27,477 Constituency KWABRE EAST Name KOFI FRIMPONG AUGUSTINE YEBOAH DOMFEH AGNES DONKOR Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 52,247 51,871 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 46 NDC M 39 CPP M 51 IND M 62 IND M 39 Votes 8,207 2,009 1,146 4,096 70 Rejected Votes 194 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 45 NDC M 46 CPP M 38 GCPP M 41 IND M 34 Votes 19,223 5,680 1,831 187 556 Rejected Votes 500 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 53 NDC M 48 CPP F 44 Votes 42,094 8,906 871 Rejected Votes 376 Pcnt 52.9% 12.9% 7.4% 26.4% 0.5% Elected + 17,014 New Turn-Out: 92.4% Pcnt 70.0% 20.7% 6.7% 0.7% 2.0% Elected + 32,305 New Turn-Out: 86.6% Pcnt 81.2% 17.2% 1.7% Elected + 58,981 New Turn-Out: 88.6% 124

Constituency KWABRE WEST Name EMMANUEL ASAMOA OWUSU-ANSAH GABRIEL AMAKYE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,031 31,746 Constituency KWADASO Name JOSEPHINE HILDA ADDOH JOSEPH YAMMIN ESSIEN DANIEL OWUSU ANSAH COSMOS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 53,192 52,830 Constituency MAMPONG Name MOHAMMED ISSAHAKU PETER ABUM SARKODIE DANIEL OHYEAMANG APPAU KWAKU DUAH AGYEMANG BASHIR KASSIM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,068 36,648 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 65 NDC M 37 Votes 26,700 5,046 Rejected Votes 285 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 47 NDC M 27 CPP M 30 EGLE M 39 Votes 43,929 7,173 1,436 292 Rejected Votes 362 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 40 NPP M 43 NDC M 52 CPP M 39 DPP M 35 Votes 226 28,997 6,921 374 130 Rejected Votes 420 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 84.1% 15.9% Elected + 36,291 New + + Turn-Out: 88.3% Pcnt 83.2% 13.6% 2.7% 0.6% Elected + 62,175 New + + + + Turn-Out: 85.6% Pcnt 0.6% 79.1% 18.9% 1.0% 0.4% Elected + 41,135 New Turn-Out: 90.1% 125

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency MANHYIA Name SALIFU MUMUNI ADDO KUFUOR KWAME KWAME BOATENG E A OHENE DARKO KOFI PERCIVAL AKPALOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 88,106 87,629 Constituency NEW EDUBIASE Name FRANCIS DORPENYDH ERNEST KOFI-YAKAH SOPHIA AFRAKOMA OWUSU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,162 26,440 Constituency NHYIAESO Name RICHARD W ANANE ERIC BAAH-NUAKO KWAME APPIAH BOATENG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 46,800 46,626 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP M 64 NDC M 57 CPP M 68 IND M 34 Votes 667 66,210 9,550 498 10,704 Rejected Votes 477 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 46 NDC M 45 CPP F 51 Votes 12,160 13,275 1,005 Rejected Votes 722 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 50 NDC M 52 CPP M 43 Votes 36,307 8,908 1,411 Rejected Votes 174 Pcnt 0.8% 75.6% 10.9% 0.6% 12.2% 102,173 Elected + New Turn-Out: 86.2% Pcnt 46.0% 50.2% 3.8% Elected + 30,534 New Turn-Out: 89.0% Pcnt 77.9% 19.1% 3.0% Elected + 80,315 New + + + Turn-Out: 58.3% 126

Constituency NSUTA/KWAMANG Name KWAME OSEI-PREMPEH SAMUEL OTU GEORGE OSEI OWUSU AMANKWAH E O ADU-AMANKWAAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 24,724 24,344 Constituency OBUASI Name MICHAEL CARR AARON EDWARD M ENNIN JUSTICE DASAH ADELAIDE BORDEN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 75,558 74,717 Constituency ODOTOBRI Name EMMANUEL A GYAMFI GEORGE ADU-MENSAH THOMAS APPIAH-KUBI JOHNNY OWUSU-BOADI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 29,425 28,967 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 45 CPP M 44 IND M 38 Votes 15,704 7,769 324 547 Rejected Votes 380 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 39 NPP M 34 NDC M 42 IND F 42 Votes 550 43,102 4,426 26,639 Rejected Votes 841 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 30 NDC M 47 CPP M 48 IND M 54 Votes 23,804 3,740 423 1,000 Rejected Votes 458 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 64.5% 31.9% 1.3% 2.2% Elected + 28,745 New Turn-Out: 86.0% Pcnt 0.7% 57.7% 5.9% 35.7% Elected + 85,661 New Turn-Out: 88.2% Pcnt 82.2% 12.9% 1.5% 3.5% Elected + 32,486 New Turn-Out: 90.6% 127

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Ashanti Constituency Name OFFINSO-NORTH KOFI KONADU APRAKU KOJO APPIAH-KUBI SAMUEL SUBUNU ASARE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,070 26,609 Constituency OFFINSO-SOUTH Name ADUSEI-POKU DANIEL KWABENA SARFO ASAMOAH SERWAA BAABARA DESMOND OSEI KWAME NSIAH-BOATENG FAIBIL JOSEPH AKWASI-KUMAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,466 37,946 Constituency OFORIKROM Name MUNIR ABDULLAH DAWOOD ELIZABETH AGYEMANG ABOFRA GEORGE CUDJOE CAN SEKYI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 72,191 71,594 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP NDC CPP M 50 M 29 M 30 Votes 13,389 12,999 221 Rejected Votes 461 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 34 NPP M 57 NDC F 30 CPP M 58 EGLE M 59 IND M 49 Votes 202 19,694 11,637 148 95 6,170 Rejected Votes 520 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 58 NPP F 55 NDC M 39 CPP M 67 Votes 2,516 47,388 21,056 634 Rejected Votes 597 128 Pcnt 50.3% 48.9% 0.8% Elected 30,633 New + - - Turn-Out: 88.4% Pcnt 0.5% 51.9% 30.7% 0.4% 0.3% 16.3% Elected + 42,540 New Turn-Out: 90.4% Pcnt 3.5% 66.2% 29.4% 0.9% Elected + 85,201 New + + + + Turn-Out: 84.7%

Constituency OLD TAFO Name ANTHONY AKOTO OSEI SALU IBRAHIM ANDREWS K ASAMOAH-AKOTO AMEDIKU DOMINIC D QUARSHIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 44,120 44,000 Constituency SUAME Name AGONNO SAMPSON YOUNG OSEI KYEI-MENSAH-BONSU PAUL RICHARD KOFI YEBOAH FREDERICK ANTWI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 59,268 59,039 Constituency SUBIN Name HUSEINI AMINU ALI SAMPSON KWAKU BOAFO ABRAHAM KWESI MENSAH GODFRIED KOFI APPIAH CHARLES HAGAN KOFI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 61,557 61,133 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 59 NDC M 43 CPP M 51 IND M 50 Votes 34,957 7,116 426 1,501 Rejected Votes 120 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 26 NPP M 47 NDC M 47 CPP M 25 Votes 934 48,500 8,448 1,157 Rejected Votes 229 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 54 NPP M 62 NDC M 40 CPP M 56 IND M 41 Votes 849 42,712 11,098 1,611 4,863 Rejected Votes 424 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 79.4% 16.2% 1.0% 3.4% Elected + 53,542 New + + + + Turn-Out: 82.4% Pcnt 1.6% 82.1% 14.3% 2.0% Elected + 68,499 New Turn-Out: 86.5% Pcnt 1.4% 69.9% 18.2% 2.6% 8.0% Elected + 70,927 New Turn-Out: 86.8% 129

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Brong Ahafo NPP NDC 14 seats 10 seats 130

REGION BRONG AHAFO Constituency ASUNAFO NORTH Name ROBERT SARFO-MENSAH CHRISTINA ATAKORA MENSAH COMMEY KINGSLEY BENJAMIN OSEI KUFUOR Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 46,225 45,308 Constituency ASUNAFO SOUTH Name GEORGE WILLIAMS AMPONSAH OPOKU ERIC NKRUMAH FREDRICK JACK KENNEDY BROBBEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,042 29,345 Constituency ASUTIFI NORTH Name PAUL OKOH ERIC ADDAE SAMUEL NANA ASAMOAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,463 18,226 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 34 NDC F 53 CPP M 41 IND M 48 Votes 23,426 19,288 526 2,068 Rejected Votes 917 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 58 NDC M 34 CPP M 23 IND M 55 Votes 12,860 14,076 264 2,145 Rejected Votes 697 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 55 NDC M 40 CPP M 60 Votes 9,741 8,305 180 Rejected Votes 237 Pcnt 51.7% 42.6% 1.2% 4.6% Elected + 52,149 New Turn-Out: 88.6% Pcnt 43.8% 48.0% 0.9% 7.3% Elected + 33,269 New Turn-Out: 90.3% Pcnt 53.4% 45.6% 1.0% Elected + 20,576 New Turn-Out: 89.7% 131

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Brong Ahafo Constituency ASUTIFI SOUTH Name NANA NSIAH A. WILLIAMS COSMUS THOMAS BRONI COLLINS DAUDA ALHAJI ADU ADJEI AUGUSTINE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,954 18,700 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 49 NPP M 61 NDC M 47 CPP M 41 Votes 218 8,763 9,668 51 Rejected Votes 254 Constituency ATEBUBU/AMANTING Name MUMUNI IBRAHIM MOHAMMED OWUSU-MAINU EMMANUEL AMANKWAH KOKRO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,081 26,172 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 49 NDC M 55 IND M 33 Votes 10,818 13,994 1,360 Rejected Votes 1909 Constituency BEREKUM Name EFFAH DARTEY NKRABEAH STEPHEN OPPONG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 48,109 47,635 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 51 NDC M 30 Votes 28,561 19,074 Rejected Votes 474 Pcnt 1.2% 46.9% 51.7% 0.3% Elected + 21,458 New Turn-Out: 88.3% Pcnt 41.3% 53.5% 5.2% Elected + 33,773 New Turn-Out: 83.1% Pcnt 60.0% 40.0% Elected + 57,550 New Turn-Out: 83.6% 132

Constituency DORMAA EAST Name YAW NTOW-ABABIO NICHOLAS KWABENA ADJEI KYEREMEH ASANTE OPPONG ALEXANDER AMPONSAH LOVEA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 19,840 19,840 Constituency DORMAA WEST Name ASIEDU-MENSAH YAW OPPONG ASAMOAH VINCENT KWADWO AGYEI-DWOMOR Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,537 47,412 Constituency JAMAN NORTH Name DR KOFI OTI ADINKRAH ASUM-AHENSA ALEXANDER TWENE ADUASARE KWASI M.ABDULAI FREEMAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,097 22,888 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 45 NDC M 57 CPP M 26 DPP F 47 Votes 11,533 7,539 571 197 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 65 NDC M 38 DPP M 28 Votes 23,764 22,601 1,047 Rejected Votes 125 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 56 NDC M 51 CPP M 49 DPP M 31 Votes 10,424 12,027 437 0 Rejected Votes 209 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 58.1% 38.0% 2.9% 1.0% Elected + 24,047 New Turn-Out: 82.5% Pcnt 50.1% 47.7% 2.2% Elected + 56,289 New Turn-Out: 84.5% Pcnt 45.5% 52.5% 1.9% 0.0% Elected + 31,159 New + + + + Turn-Out: 74.1% 133

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Brong Ahafo Constituency JAMAN SOUTH Name OSEI KORANTENG ANNA NYAMEKYE AHMED SHAMS DINU OTENG AGYEMANG JACOB OPPONG KWABENA MARTIN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,466 31,219 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 32 NPP F 50 NDC M 42 CPP M 30 DPP M 39 Votes 782 17,842 12,085 337 173 Rejected Votes 247 Constituency KINTAMPO NORTH Name ISAAC KWABENA SARKODIE BOAHIN STEPHEN KUNSU ALHAJI OSMAN AHMED ANTHONY MAINOOH KWAKU ANANE-GYINDE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,561 30,677 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 51 NDC M 55 CPP M 54 DPP M 53 IND M 45 Votes 10,133 18,922 343 254 1,025 Rejected Votes 884 Constituency KINTAMPO SOUTH Name KWASI ADU GYAN YAW EFFAH BAAFI DUFFUOR STEPHEN K APPIAH EMMANUEL KWAME Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,669 24,869 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 42 NDC M 49 CPP M 51 DPP M 29 Votes 9,475 14,040 364 990 Rejected Votes 800 134 Pcnt 2.5% 57.2% 38.7% 1.1% 0.6% Elected + 40,716 New Turn-Out: 77.3% Pcnt 33.0% 61.7% 1.1% 0.8% 3.3% Elected + 36,471 New Turn-Out: 86.5% Pcnt 38.1% 56.5% 1.5% 4.0% Elected + 30,200 New + + + + Turn-Out: 85.0%

Constituency NKORANZA NORTH Name ERIC AMOATENG HAYFORD FRANCIS AMOAKO KWAME OFOSU ADJEI PRINCE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 19,490 18,900 Constituency NKORANZA SOUTH Name KWAME AMPORFO TWUMASI JAMES OPOKU-WORAE VICTOR BOAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,274 33,513 Constituency PRU Name FRANCIS DORKOSE DAWUDA AMOAH KING DAVID ABDUL-RAHMAN MASOUD BABA KINGSLEY K A ABONKRAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,969 34,969 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 51 NDC M 50 IND M 34 Votes 9,144 5,402 4,354 Rejected Votes 590 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 50 NDC M 59 DPP M 32 Votes 17,655 15,521 337 Rejected Votes 761 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 38 NPP M 52 NDC M 52 IND M 42 Votes 555 12,029 22,080 305 Rejected Votes 0 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 48.4% 28.6% 23.0% Elected + 24,215 New + + + Turn-Out: 80.5% Pcnt 52.7% 46.3% 1.0% Elected + 38,935 New Turn-Out: 88.0% Pcnt 1.6% 34.4% 63.1% 0.9% Elected + 46,377 New Turn-Out: 75.4% 135

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Brong Ahafo Constituency SENE Name SUNKWA-HYEAMAN ISAAC FELIX TWUMASI-APPIAH YUSHAU HALLARU ALHAJI YUSSIF Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,914 29,894 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 54 NDC M 36 CPP M 36 Votes 8,640 20,775 479 Rejected Votes 1020 Constituency SUNYANI EAST Name JOSEPH HENRY MENSAH JUSTICE SAMUEL ADJEI THEOPHILUS KWAME CHARTEY A. A. BOASIAKO AWUAH PHILIP CUBAGEE RAPHAEL REV. NANA ADJEI-NTOW Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 54,529 53,972 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 76 NDC M 37 CPP M 47 DPP M 48 EGLE M 51 IND M 32 IND M 40 Votes 32,035 17,860 674 346 581 1,478 998 Rejected Votes 557 Constituency SUNYANI WEST Name KWADWO ADJEI-DARKO AHMED BOADAN GYABAAH SAMUEL KING KINGSFORD FORDJOUR OBIRI FRANCIS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,866 38,188 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 56 NDC M 43 CPP M 42 DPP M 49 IND M 28 Votes 20,350 12,836 302 206 4,494 Rejected Votes 678 136 Pcnt 28.9% 69.5% 1.6% Elected + 34,968 New Turn-Out: 88.4% Pcnt 59.4% 33.1% 1.2% 0.6% 1.1% 2.7% 1.8% Elected + 65,161 New Turn-Out: 83.7% Pcnt 53.3% 33.6% 0.8% 0.5% 11.8% Elected + 44,632 New Turn-Out: 87.1%

Constituency TAIN Name JOE DANQUAH AHMED IBRAHIM JOANA MAYFAIR ABEBRESE JEMIMA YAHAYA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,351 32,351 Constituency TANO NORTH Name DANIEL DABIE BOATENG ERNEST AKOBUOR DEBRAH CHARLES APPIAGYEI NANA AMPABENG DANIEL K KYEREMEH NYAMEKYE FLORENCE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,340 26,983 Constituency TANO SOUTH Name BOATENG FREDERICK ANDREWS ADJEI-YEBOAH KWADWO OWUSU AGYEMAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,392 27,844 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 32 NDC M 30 CPP F 51 EGLE F 26 Votes 16,328 15,410 373 240 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 25 NPP M 57 NDC M 47 CPP M 44 DPP F 48 Votes 210 15,868 10,253 167 485 Rejected Votes 357 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 23 NPP M 49 NDC M 49 Votes 301 14,997 12,546 Rejected Votes 548 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 50.5% 47.6% 1.2% 0.7% Elected + 42,070 New Turn-Out: 76.9% Pcnt 0.8% 58.8% 38.0% 0.6% 1.8% Elected + 31,445 New Turn-Out: 86.9% Pcnt 1.1% 53.9% 45.1% Elected + 32,872 New Turn-Out: 86.4% 137

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Brong Ahafo Constituency TECHIMAN NORTH Name CHRISTOPHER AMEYAW AKUMFI ALEX KYEREMEH KOFI KWAW SARPONG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,184 24,731 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 59 NDC M 42 IND M 49 Votes 11,447 12,877 407 Rejected Votes 453 Constituency TECHIMAN SOUTH Name AMADU BERMAH SULEMAN PRINCE ODURO-MENSAH ADDAI SIMONS JOSHUA KWAME OWUSU BREMPONG ABDEL HAMID BABA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 59,130 58,160 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 42 NPP M 45 NDC M 50 CPP M 48 IND M 40 Votes 1,775 24,416 27,803 735 3,431 Rejected Votes 970 Constituency WENCHI Name PROF GEORGE YAW GYAN-BAFFOUR ABDUL-LATIF UMAR ABDULLAH ALHAJI ALHASSAN BENE OSEI KWADWO HAYFORD Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,806 33,806 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 53 CPP M 28 EGLE M 50 IND M 50 Rejected Votes 0 Votes 18,183 1,286 7,669 6,668 Pcnt 46.3% 52.1% 1.6% Elected + 29,055 New Turn-Out: 86.7% Pcnt 3.1% 42.0% 47.8% 1.3% 5.9% Elected + 69,726 New Turn-Out: 84.8% Pcnt 53.8% 3.8% 22.7% 19.7% Elected + 42,115 New Turn-Out: 80.3% 138

139

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Central NPP NDC CPP 16 seats 2 seats 1 seat 140

REGION CENTRAL Constituency ABURA/A/KWAMANKESE Name ANDREW KINGSFORD MENSAH AUGUSTINE SOLOMON EKYEFI VICTOR NANA KOBINA GYAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,153 35,923 Constituency AGONA EAST Name STEPHEN KWAME NKRUMAH JOHN AGYABENG KWEKU ADU YEBOAH THEOPHILUS FUSEINI MARANGA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,172 31,311 Constituency AGONA WEST Name JOSEPH ARCHIBALD ANKRAH SAMUEL KWEKU OBODAI SAMUEL OPPONG JOSEPH KWABINAH OTSIBU-AMOAH PAUL KOFI TAWIAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,903 47,800 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 49 NDC M 55 CPP M 62 Votes 19,196 15,377 1,350 Rejected Votes 230 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 25 NPP M 39 NDC M 46 IND M 46 Votes 339 18,030 5,515 7,427 Rejected Votes 861 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 45 NPP M 44 NDC M 56 CPP M 60 IND M 57 Votes 260 24,939 19,531 391 2,679 Rejected Votes 103 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 53.4% 42.8% 3.8% Elected + 44,183 New Turn-Out: 81.8% Pcnt 1.1% 57.6% 17.6% 23.7% Elected + 36,840 New Turn-Out: 87.3% Pcnt 0.5% 52.2% 40.9% 0.8% 5.6% Elected + 55,510 New Turn-Out: 86.3% 141

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Central Constituency AJUMAKO/ENYAN/ESIAM Name ISAAC EDUMADZE EDUOSAR SAMUEL AGGREY FORSON KWAME ASOANDZE EDU-ANSAH JAMES APPIAH-MENSAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,284 37,284 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 65 CPP M 63 IND M 44 Rejected Votes 0 Votes 21,534 14,474 1,276 0 Constituency ASIKUMA/ODOBEN/BRAKWA Registered Voters: Name PAUL COLLNSS APPIAH-OFORI GEORGINA NKRUMAH ABOAH COMFORT WILSON AGGREY Party Sex Age NPP M 61 NDC F 45 GCPP F 49 Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,463 37,491 Rejected Votes 972 Votes 21,843 15,037 611 Constituency ASSIN NORTH Name AGYAPONG KEN OHENE PERCY KWASI ABOAGYE MENSAH KWABENA AFFUM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,557 46,479 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 44 NDC M 47 CPP M 52 Votes 27,255 16,966 2,258 Rejected Votes 1078 Pcnt 57.8% 38.8% 3.4% 0.0% Elected + 45,038 New Turn-Out: 82.8% Pcnt 58.3% 40.1% 1.6% Elected + 44,041 New Turn-Out: 87.3% Pcnt 58.6% 36.5% 4.9% Elected + 54,778 New Turn-Out: 86.8% 142

Constituency ASSIN SOUTH Name EMMANUEL KWASI WILSON DOMINIC KWAKU FOBIH ABRAHAM KWAKU FOKUO KWADWO ADUAMOAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,860 33,139 Constituency AWUTU-SENYA Name OLIVER MENSAH TETTEH OPPEY ABBEY MOSES ARHINFUL ACQUAH STEPHEN KOBINA QUAYE CHARLOTTE ESTELLA POBEE DAVID NANA LARBIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 65,895 64,740 Constituency CAPE COAST Name MACDONALD KOBBS TONGO CHRISTINE CHURCHER EBO BARTON- ODRO ARABA BENTSI-ENCHILL SAFOHEN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 71,781 70,866 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 36 NPP M 62 NDC M 56 CPP M 35 Votes 288 20,837 11,060 954 Rejected Votes 721 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 45 NPP M 59 NDC M 41 CPP M 48 EGLE F 30 IND M 54 Votes 523 32,539 18,797 571 228 12,082 Rejected Votes 1155 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 42 NPP F 50 NDC M 52 CPP F 55 Votes 567 36,264 31,538 2,497 Rejected Votes 915 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.9% 62.9% 33.4% 2.9% Elected + 38,833 New Turn-Out: 87.2% Pcnt 0.8% 50.3% 29.0% 0.9% 0.4% 18.7% Elected + 80,408 New Turn-Out: 82.0% Pcnt 0.8% 51.2% 44.5% 3.5% Elected + 83,213 New Turn-Out: 86.3% 143

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Central Constituency EFFUTU Name SAMUEL OWUSU-AGYEI HAMMAH MIKE ALLEN SUNU-NUQUAYE STEPHEN ADELINA DENNIS FRANK EBO SAM ISAAC ARTHUR AIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,138 26,710 Constituency GOMOA EAST Name JUSTICE EKOW ASAFUA-OCRAN HON RICHARD SAM QUARM THEOPHILUS KOFI AMPAH GRACE IGNOPHIA APPIAH EVANS KOFI OTOO KOFI OTU MICHAEL LEONARD KOJO AMOAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,505 37,801 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 63 NDC M 49 CPP M 50 GCPP F 60 IND M 51 IND M 51 Votes 13,651 12,437 374 79 54 115 Rejected Votes 428 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 44 NPP M 40 NDC M 56 CPP F 49 DPP M 46 IND M 52 IND M 69 Votes 235 19,634 14,454 1,102 250 1,933 193 Rejected Votes 704 Pcnt 51.1% 46.6% 1.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% Elected + 31,784 New Turn-Out: 85.4% Pcnt 0.6% 51.9% 38.2% 2.9% 0.7% 5.1% 0.5% Elected + 46,896 New Turn-Out: 82.1% 144

Constituency GOMOA WEST Name JOE KINGSLEY HACKMAN AMA BENYIWA-DOE JOSEPH ASSAN SACKEY MUHAMMED MUTAWAKIL KASSIM JOHN THOMPSON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,440 37,440 Const. HEMANG LOWER DENKYIRA Name BENJAMIN BIMPONG DONKOR PETER BRIGHT AMANKRAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 20,380 20,057 Constituency KEEA Name VERONICA ESSUMAN NELSON PAPA KWESI NDUOM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,347 46,408 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 49 NDC F 54 CPP M 56 NRP M 40 GCPP M 60 Votes 23,663 12,165 863 533 216 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 45 NDC M 47 Votes 12,410 7,647 Rejected Votes 323 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NDC F 55 CPP M 51 Votes 15,427 30,981 Rejected Votes 939 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 63.2% 32.5% 2.3% 1.4% 0.6% Elected + 46,663 New Turn-Out: 80.2% Pcnt 61.9% 38.1% Elected + 22,993 New + + Turn-Out: 88.6% Pcnt 33.2% 66.8% Elected + 54,921 New Turn-Out: 86.2% 145

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Central Constituency MFANTSEMAN EAST Name KWAMINA AMOASI-ANDOH GEORGE KUNTU BLANKSON CHARLES KOJO IMBEAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,562 18,096 Constituency MFANTSEMAN WEST Name ABDUL-GANIYU ABDALLAH STEPHEN ASAMOAH- BOATENG JOOJO BRUCE QUANSAH VICTOR BAIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 50,013 49,618 Constituency TWIFO/ATI MORKWAA Name ABRAHAM DWUMA ODOOM ELIZABETH AMOAH-TETTEH ROSE BUAH-BASSUAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,474 30,474 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 51 NDC M 47 CPP M 54 Votes 6,773 8,385 2,938 Rejected Votes 466 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 56 NPP M 46 NDC M 50 IND M 33 Votes 439 28,081 20,552 546 Rejected Votes 395 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 52 NDC F 57 CPP F 42 Votes 13,086 15,811 1,577 Rejected Votes 0 Pcnt 37.4% 46.3% 16.2% Elected + 22,095 New Turn-Out: 84.0% Pcnt 0.9% 56.6% 41.4% 1.1% Elected + 59,028 New Turn-Out: 84.7% Pcnt 42.9% 51.9% 5.2% Elected + 32,759 New Turn-Out: 93.0% 146

Constituency UPPER DENKYIRA EAST Name OFFIN AMANIANPONG OWUSU NANA AMOAKOH KOJO ADJEPONG AFRIFAH BEATRICE BUADU CARL EBO MORGAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,003 31,494 Constituency UPPER DENKYIRA WEST Name BENJAMIN KOFI AYEH ODURO-BONSU KWAKU THOMAS MAXWELL AIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,334 18,017 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 36 NPP M 46 NDC M 58 CPP F 51 IND M 49 Votes 270 21,440 6,433 304 3,047 Rejected Votes 509 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 42 NDC M 58 CPP M 42 Votes 12,177 5,445 395 Rejected Votes 317 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.9% 68.1% 20.4% 1.0% 9.7% Elected + 36,527 New Turn-Out: 87.6% Pcnt 67.6% 30.2% 2.2% Elected + 20,777 New + + + Turn-Out: 88.2% 147

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern NPP NDC 22 seats 6 seats 148

REGION EASTERN Constituency ABETIFI Name EUGENE ATTA AGYAPONG REXFORD KWASI DANKYI BOATENG DANIEL NTIM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,210 26,626 Constituency ABIREM Name FRANCIS ESSEM ESTHER OBENG DAPAAH YAW AGYEI FRIMPONG GODFRED DODZIE DR WILLIAM BOAKYE AKOTO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 22,409 21,909 Constituency ABURI/NSAWAM Name MAGNUS OPARE-ASAMOAH THOMAS KISSIEDU OKAE NICHOLAS OBIRIKORANG ASIAMA C F A KORANTENG SETH DANKWA WIAFE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,303 46,359 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 65 NDC M 50 IND M 54 Votes 16,019 6,573 4,034 Rejected Votes 584 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 53 NPP F 59 NDC M 41 EGLE M 25 IND M 49 Votes 204 11,632 5,567 98 4,408 Rejected Votes 500 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 56 NDC M 60 CPP M 65 GCPP M 62 IND M 46 Votes 25,940 19,390 521 174 334 Rejected Votes 944 Pcnt 60.2% 24.7% 15.2% Elected + 52,608 New Turn-Out: 51.7% Pcnt 0.9% 53.1% 25.4% 0.4% 20.1% Elected + 25,154 New Turn-Out: 89.1% Pcnt 56.0% 41.8% 1.1% 0.4% 0.7% Elected + 63,547 New Turn-Out: 74.4% 149

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern Constituency AFRAM PLAINS NORTH Name BENJAMIN KWADJO ANOKYE AGBENU JOSEPH TSATSU ALBERT QUARCOO-ZAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,101 24,556 Constituency AFRAM PLAINS SOUTH Name ANTHONY ADONGO RAPHAEL KOFI AHALIGAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,124 22,385 Constituency AKIM ABUAKWA NORTH Name JOSEPH BOAKYE DANQUAH ADU SIMON PETER ASIRIFI PETER EFFAH OWUSU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 26,192 25,846 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 58 NDC M 68 CPP M 59 Votes 5,083 18,905 568 Rejected Votes 545 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 52 NDC M 59 Votes 8,773 13,612 Rejected Votes 739 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 39 NDC M 44 IND M 33 Votes 16,027 7,596 2,223 Rejected Votes 346 Pcnt 20.7% 77.0% 2.3% Elected + 29,073 New Turn-Out: 86.3% Pcnt 39.2% 60.8% Elected + 25,517 New Turn-Out: 90.6% Pcnt 62.0% 29.4% 8.6% Elected + 29,723 New Turn-Out: 88.1% 150

Constituency AKIM ABUAKWA SOUTH Name NANA AKUFO-ADDO DANIEL OPOKU ASIAMAH KWABENA AMPEM-DARKO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,277 29,817 Constituency AKIM ODA Name ADAMU SALI FU YAHUZA YAW OSAFO-MAAFO KWASI NKANSAH AMANIAPONG ABORA MENSAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 51,257 50,734 Constituency AKIM SWEDRU Name NANA APPIAH BOATENG FELIX KWASI OWUSU-ADJAPONG BAFFOUR MENSAH TAKYI EDMOND TETTEH-OKRAH MONICA APPIAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,442 31,217 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 60 NDC M 55 CPP M 57 Votes 20,875 8,344 598 Rejected Votes 460 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 38 NPP M 62 NDC M 47 CPP M 74 Votes 386 36,729 13,268 351 Rejected Votes 523 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 70 NPP M 60 NDC M 47 CPP M 56 IND F 43 Votes 171 21,048 9,667 173 158 Rejected Votes 225 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 70.0% 28.0% 2.0% Elected + 34,393 New + + + Turn-Out: 88.0% Pcnt 0.8% 72.4% 26.2% 0.7% Elected + 58,871 New Turn-Out: 87.1% Pcnt 0.5% 67.4% 31.0% 0.6% 0.5% Elected + 35,780 New Turn-Out: 87.9% 151

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern Constituency AKROPONG Name OHENE NYARKOH WILLIAM OFORI BOAFO RICHIE AGYEMFRA-KUMI KWABENA AWUKU-LOKKO RONNI NANA ESI BOTSIO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,199 34,199 Constituency AKWATIA Name KISTON AKOMENG KISSI BABA JAMAL MOHAMMED AHMED SAMUEL AGYEI ERIC TOTIMEH NOMOTEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,557 37,135 Constituency ASUOGYAMAN Name REINDORF SASA BAKAH KOFI OSEI- AMEYAW EMMANUEL DWAMENA BEKOE FOLI EMMANUEL WONDER KWADZO JOSES ASARE AKOTO MUSTAFA KOFI FIADZIGBE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,767 34,479 152 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 64 NPP M 58 NDC M 52 CPP M 62 IND F 41 Votes 0 21,655 9,887 1,275 1,382 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 35 CPP M 56 EGLE M 41 Votes 19,386 17,484 185 80 Rejected Votes 422 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 55 NPP M 44 NDC M 47 CPP M 68 IND M 54 IND M 62 Votes 86 17,806 15,873 142 426 146 Rejected Votes 288 Pcnt 0.0% 63.3% 28.9% 3.7% 4.0% Elected + 39,729 New Turn-Out: 86.1% Pcnt 52.2% 47.1% 0.5% 0.2% Elected + 41,635 New Turn-Out: 90.2% Pcnt 0.2% 51.6% 46.0% 0.4% 1.2% 0.4% Elected + 40,801 New Turn-Out: 85.2%

Constituency ATIWA Name APPIAH GYEKYE DAN KING DR CHARLES YAW BREMPONG-YEBOAH JOHN AMPONSAH- KYEI SARPONG ABOAGYE ISAAC Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,868 34,314 Constituency AYENSUONO Name GODFRED OTCHERE FRANCIS ASARE SAMUEL ANDREWS DONKOR Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,836 31,090 Constituency FANTEAKWA Name KWADWO AGYEI- ADDO SAMUEL OFOSU- AMPOFO GYIMAH AIKINS NYANTAKYI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,176 36,851 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 60 NPP M 50 NDC M 46 EGLE M 44 Votes 407 25,468 7,313 1,126 Rejected Votes 554 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 57 NDC M 55 CPP M 65 Votes 17,636 12,683 771 Rejected Votes 746 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 53 NDC M 42 CPP M 36 Votes 20,867 15,678 306 Rejected Votes 325 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 1.2% 74.2% 21.3% 3.3% Elected + 39,146 New Turn-Out: 89.1% Pcnt 56.7% 40.8% 2.5% Elected + 37,090 New Turn-Out: 85.8% Pcnt 56.6% 42.5% 0.8% Elected + 42,351 New Turn-Out: 87.8% 153

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern Constituency KADE Name OFOSU ASAMOAH EMMANUEL R ABOAGYE OSAE RICHMOND ESHUN OKAI ABABIO FRANCIS ALFRED KWASI YEBOAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 41,974 41,291 Constituency LOWER MANYA Name ROBERT NARTEY KWESI MRS DIFIE AGYARKO KUSI MICHAEL NYAUNU TEYE EMMANUEL KWAME ADJEI OKRAH CECILIA KOSI AKUERTER ANIM AMARTEY FRANCIS CECIL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 35,248 35,248 Constituency LOWER WEST AKIM Name JAMES APPIETU-ANKRAH MARTIN BRUCE OPARE SENOO RICHARD DARLINTINE ALFRED AWUORTWE AFFUL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,863 38,198 154 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 35 NDC M 53 CPP M 57 EGLE M 37 IND M 61 Votes 25,410 11,697 511 230 3,443 Rejected Votes 683 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 57 NPP F 54 NDC M 49 CPP M 65 EGLE F 41 IND M 34 Votes 238 15,228 18,571 286 221 704 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 56 NDC M 48 CPP M 36 EGLE M 43 Votes 22,239 15,326 440 193 Rejected Votes 665 Pcnt 61.5% 28.3% 1.2% 0.6% 8.3% Elected + 48,347 New Turn-Out: 86.8% Pcnt 0.7% 43.2% 52.7% 0.8% 0.6% 2.0% Elected + 41,925 New Turn-Out: 84.1% Pcnt 58.2% 40.1% 1.2% 0.5% Elected + 44,815 New Turn-Out: 86.7%

Constituency MPRAESO Name ASIAMAH GODFRIED NYARKO DR OSARFO MENSAH FRANCIS KWAKU BAAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,133 27,133 Constituency NEW JUABEN NORTH Name HACKMAN OWUSU-AGYEMANG FRANK MENSAH FRIMPONG-BOATENG ALICE BOATENG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,771 23,539 Constituency NEW JUABEN SOUTH Name ZAKARIA ADAMS YAW BARIMAH KWASI AGYEMANG GYAN-TUTU NANA ADU BONSU MICHAEL NICHOLAS ACHEAMPONG-OWOAHENE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 54,609 54,036 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 55 NPP M 68 NDC M 69 Votes 544 18,276 8,313 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 63 NDC M 30 CPP F 64 Votes 16,780 6,459 300 Rejected Votes 232 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 29 NPP M 55 NDC M 47 CPP M 48 IND M 51 Votes 494 32,467 16,643 450 3,982 Rejected Votes 573 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 2.0% 67.4% 30.6% Elected + 60,120 New Turn-Out: 45.1% Pcnt 71.3% 27.4% 1.3% Elected + 27,928 New Turn-Out: 85.1% Pcnt 0.9% 60.1% 30.8% 0.8% 7.4% Elected + 61,882 New Turn-Out: 88.2% 155

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern Constituency NKAWKAW Name OSEI AHIMA SAMUEL KWABENA ADUSA OKERCHIRI BAMFO-BOATENG EMMANUEL FREDRICK OSEI SETH ADJEI BAAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 41,444 40,725 Constituency OFOASE/AYIREBI Name DAVID OPPON-KUSI TOM BUDU KENNETH DOREEN ABOAGYEWAH TAWIAH CHRIS BRUCE APPIAH ALFRED OSEI-POKU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 29,748 29,072 Constituency OKERE Name BRANDFORD KWAME DANIEL ADU GLORIA ADU NARTEY AKOTO KWASI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,723 18,412 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP M 44 NDC M 65 CPP M 59 IND M 44 Votes 155 23,706 1,632 255 14,977 Rejected Votes 719 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 46 NDC M 42 CPP F 45 EGLE M 55 IND M 51 Votes 18,400 7,731 500 338 2,103 Rejected Votes 676 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 62 NDC F 51 CPP M 61 Votes 10,902 6,867 643 Rejected Votes 311 Pcnt 0.4% 58.2% 4.0% 0.6% 36.8% Elected + 51,924 New Turn-Out: 79.8% Pcnt 63.3% 26.6% 1.7% 1.2% 7.2% Elected + 33,897 New + + + + + Turn-Out: 87.8% Pcnt 59.2% 37.3% 3.5% Elected + 21,262 New Turn-Out: 88.1% 156

Constituency SUHUM Name JACOB KWAKU ARKOH FREDERICK OPARE ANSAH JULIUS DEBRAH AWARTEY ALBERT ENOCH YIADOM ADARKWAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 40,041 39,369 Constituency UPPER MANYA Name RANSFORD NARTEY MATEY GUSTAV JONATHAN NARH- DOMETEY HON KWAO STEPHEN AMOANOR Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,901 25,901 Constituency UPPER WEST AKIM Name AGNES AKWELEY ADORSHIE NANA YAW ASARE KORANTENG SAMUEL SALLAS-MENSAH JOHN MARTEY NANA ASABIR NKUM SALIFU ALARU RAYMOND KWAME AKUFFO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 29,558 28,947 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 62 NPP M 36 NDC M 38 CPP M 44 EGLE M 47 Votes 125 21,720 17,125 320 79 Rejected Votes 672 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP M 58 NDC M 53 Votes 225 9,912 15,764 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 44 NPP M 44 NDC M 50 CPP M 30 EGLE M 49 IND M 29 IND M 47 Votes 134 13,819 14,064 765 165 0 0 Rejected Votes 611 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.3% 55.2% 43.5% 0.8% 0.2% Elected + 46,590 New Turn-Out: 85.9% Pcnt 0.9% 38.3% 60.9% Elected + 30,834 New Turn-Out: 84.0% Pcnt 0.5% 47.7% 48.6% 2.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% Elected + 33,581 New Turn-Out: 88.0% 157

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Eastern Constituency YILO KROBO Name CHRISTIAN KOFI TETTEY RAYMOND TAWIAH TETTEH OPAI FRANCIS ESTHER PRISCILLA KORBOE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,873 36,387 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 49 NDC M 49 CPP F 31 EGLE F 51 Votes 13,605 20,685 1,728 369 Rejected Votes 486 Pcnt 37.4% 56.8% 4.7% 1.0% Elected + 43,867 New Turn-Out: 84.1% 158

159

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra NPP NDC 16 seats 11 seats 160

REGION GREATER ACCRA Constituency ABLEKUMA CENTRAL Name STEPHEN KWAME ALOMA VICTOR OKULEY NORTEY BASHA HARSEY STEPHEN DOUGLAS ANNOR ALI IBRAHIM ABDUL RAHMMAN ALIM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 95,072 94,969 Constituency ABLEKUMA NORTH Name BALA MAIKANKAN KWAMENA BARTELS ASHFORD TAWIAH SMITH BENJAMIN AGBO KOW ASARE NYARKO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 85,926 85,672 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 44 NPP M 46 NDC M 25 CPP M 51 DPP M 32 NRP M 40 Votes 1,465 47,731 44,027 1,273 275 198 Rejected Votes 103 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 22 NPP M 57 NDC M 44 CPP M 64 IND M 30 Votes 612 55,999 27,988 769 304 Rejected Votes 254 Pcnt 1.5% 50.3% 46.4% 1.3% 0.3% 0.2% 112,194 Elected + New Turn-Out: 84.7% Pcnt 0.7% 65.4% 32.7% 0.9% 0.4% 101,446 Elected + New Turn-Out: 84.7% 161

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra Constituency ABLEKUMA SOUTH Name GABRIEL KWABLA TORSU THERESA NAA AMELEY TAGOE NII ADAMA MORRISON HAMMOND STANLEY S. S. SACKEY ISUMAILA ISSAKA CHARLES BINEY MICHAEL NII AKWEI ALLOTEY MOFFATT Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 116,126 115,926 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 40 NPP F 61 NDC M 52 CPP M 51 DPP M 47 IND M 46 IND M 44 Votes 815 60,442 51,426 299 278 2,400 266 Rejected Votes 200 Constituency ABOKOBI-MADINA Name JAMES AMOAH ALHAJI AMADU BUKARI SOROGHO JOSEPH TEYE MORTEY FREDRICK KWAKU NFODJO MRS HADAASSA ADOKALEY BUSH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 64,556 63,943 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 60 NDC M 49 CPP M 62 DPP M 28 IND F 27 Votes 30,330 32,080 752 373 408 Rejected Votes 613 Constituency ADA Name KABUTEY CAESAR ALEX NARH TETTEY-ENYO RICHARD OFOTSU APRONTI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 20,486 19,918 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 64 CPP M 49 Votes 3,787 15,039 1,092 Rejected Votes 568 162 Pcnt 0.7% 52.1% 44.4% 0.3% 0.2% 2.1% 0.2% 139,795 Elected + New Turn-Out: 83.1% Pcnt 47.4% 50.2% 1.2% 0.6% 0.6% Elected + 76,578 New Turn-Out: 84.3% Pcnt 19.0% 75.5% 5.5% Elected + 23,562 New Turn-Out: 86.9%

Constituency ADENTA Name OPARE-HAMMOND KWADJO JOSEPH KABU DAVIES PATRICK OFFEI ADDO ABDUL-MANAF YUNUS DAVID PESSEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,715 36,557 Constituency ASHAIMAN Name HAJIA HAJARA M ALI TEYE EMMANUEL KINSFORD KWESI AGBESI KWAME ALFRED PHOYON ISAAC BRUCE MENSAH AMABLE KWAME SAMUEL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 94,766 94,091 Constituency AYAWASO CENTRAL Name ZALIA SEIDU SHIEK IBRAHIM CUDJOE QUAYE MARIAMA SINARE CHRISTIANA MARTEY CHARLES BOATENG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 67,974 67,404 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 44 NDC M 64 CPP M 44 DPP M 25 NRP M 51 Votes 17,964 17,020 704 644 225 Rejected Votes 158 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 52 NPP M 54 NDC M 49 CPP M 41 IND M 51 Votes 2,687 36,044 53,559 835 966 Rejected Votes 675 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 24 NPP M 67 NDC F 36 CPP F 53 IND M 45 Votes 858 36,021 29,360 482 683 Rejected Votes 570 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 49.1% 46.6% 1.9% 1.8% 0.6% Elected + 45,977 New + + + + + Turn-Out: 79.9% Pcnt 2.9% 38.3% 56.9% 0.9% 1.0% 110,747 Elected + New Turn-Out: 85.6% Pcnt 1.3% 53.4% 43.6% 0.7% 1.0% Elected + 79,920 New Turn-Out: 85.1% 163

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra Constituency AYAWASO EAST Name ABDIEL GODLY BABAAALI DADDAH BRAIMAH B MUSTAPHA AHMED Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 88,606 87,902 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 47 NPP M 55 NDC M 48 Votes 4,095 34,453 49,354 Rejected Votes 704 Constituency AYAWASO WEST-WUOGON Name HENRY HARUNA ASANTE FREMA OSEI OPARE SAMUEL ADIEPENA GREENSTREET I KOBINA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 55,387 54,988 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 40 NPP F 57 NDC M 41 CPP M 38 Rejected Votes 399 Votes 560 28,636 20,828 4,964 Constituency DADE KOTOPON Name LARYEA ABEDNEGO NII AMASAH KOJO NAMOALE MR SOLOMON NII ADJETYE OKANG ERIC OSA LAATE ERIC KODI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 83,205 82,328 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 61 NDC M 46 CPP M 29 IND M 43 IND M 54 Votes 35,868 42,948 735 2,258 519 Rejected Votes 877 Pcnt 4.7% 39.2% 56.1% 103,582 Elected + New Turn-Out: 85.5% Pcnt 1.0% 52.1% 37.9% 9.0% Elected + 65,307 New Turn-Out: 84.8% Pcnt 43.6% 52.2% 0.9% 2.7% 0.6% Elected + 94,250 New Turn-Out: 88.3% 164

Constituency DOMEABRA-OBOM Name NII AKWEI ADDO DAOUD ANUM YEMOH EBENEZER OCLOO KWESI GODWIN SENOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 15,428 14,932 Constituency DOME-KWABENYA Name ABUBAKAR KWASHIE GEGE EBLA MICHAEL AARON OQUAYE ISAAC AKANWUTI ADAMA RAPHAEL AGBOLI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 65,855 65,500 Constituency KLOTTEY KORLE Name RICHARD ADDO BUCKMAN NII ADU DAKU MANTE ASHIETEY NII ARMAH GODWIN OPARE-ADDO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 67,281 66,527 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 58 NDC M 50 CPP M 50 GCPP M 38 Votes 3,313 10,424 781 414 Rejected Votes 496 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 42 NPP M 60 NDC M 38 CPP M 48 Votes 944 42,914 21,161 481 Rejected Votes 355 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 42 NPP M 58 NDC M 54 CPP M 45 Votes 910 32,263 30,351 3,003 Rejected Votes 754 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 22.2% 69.8% 5.2% 2.8% Elected + 18,434 New + + + + Turn-Out: 83.7% Pcnt 1.4% 65.5% 32.3% 0.7% Elected + 79,789 New + + + + Turn-Out: 82.5% Pcnt 1.4% 48.5% 45.6% 4.5% Elected + 79,464 New Turn-Out: 84.7% 165

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra Constituency KPONE-KATAMANSU Name RITA AKWEI SOLOMON TETTEY APPIAH JOSEPH NII LARYEA AFOTEY-AGBO JUSTICE TETTEH PEARL AKUA AGYEMANG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,320 30,215 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 30 NPP M 41 NDC M 37 CPP M 39 IND F 41 Votes 262 9,962 16,257 1,345 2,389 Rejected Votes 105 Constituency KROWOR Name ABRAHAM LARYEA ODAI DR NII OAKLEY QUAYE-KUMAH THEOPHILUS BOYE MENSAH THEOPHILUS TEI OKUNOR EMMANUEL BORQUAYE BOYEFIO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 54,781 54,155 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 52 NDC M 45 CPP M 54 IND M 43 IND M 56 Votes 25,405 24,339 2,808 658 945 Rejected Votes 626 Constituency LEDZOKUKU Name EBENEZER NII OTU ANANG GLADYS NORLEY ASHITEY NII NORTEY DUA TREBI SAMPSON NII ASHITEY EMMANUEL NII ASHIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 77,130 76,674 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 34 NPP F 49 NDC M 51 CPP M 49 IND M 35 Votes 431 33,039 32,169 512 10,523 Rejected Votes 456 166 Pcnt 0.9% 33.0% 53.8% 4.5% 7.9% Elected + 35,900 New Turn-Out: 84.5% Pcnt 46.9% 44.9% 5.2% 1.2% 1.7% Elected + 66,655 New Turn-Out: 82.2% Pcnt 0.6% 43.1% 42.0% 0.7% 13.7% Elected + 91,787 New Turn-Out: 84.0%

Constituency NINGO-PRAMPRAM Name SAMUEL CARBOO MARTEY ENOCH TEYE MENSAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 24,516 23,961 Constituency ODODODIODOO Name REGINALD NII BI AYI-BONTE SAMUEL A MANKATATTAH ISAAC NII ANNAN M OFFEI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 67,994 67,994 Constituency OKAIKWEI NORTH Name MRS ELIZABETH KWATSOE T. SACKEY RICHARD SIMONS QUAYE REINDORF NII KWAO METTLE YAW ADJEI AMANKWAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 98,669 96,677 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 59 NDC M 58 Votes 6,782 17,179 Rejected Votes 555 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 40 NDC M 62 CPP M 29 Votes 31,546 35,634 814 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 46 NDC M 46 CPP M 51 IND M 45 Votes 44,573 35,368 1,510 15,226 Rejected Votes 1992 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 28.3% 71.7% Elected + 28,146 New Turn-Out: 87.1% Pcnt 46.4% 52.4% 1.2% Elected + 81,643 New Turn-Out: 83.3% Pcnt 46.1% 36.6% 1.6% 15.7% 113,769 Elected + New Turn-Out: 86.7% 167

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra Constituency OKAIKWEI SOUTH Name ATOBUGA MOHAMMED ZAKARI NANA AKOMEA CAPT. CHRISTOPH KWAMI BROOKS ANTHONY MENSAH MAXIMUS MICHAEL L GBEHO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 70,900 70,017 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 29 NPP M 43 NDC M 61 CPP M 44 EGLE M 27 Votes 602 41,383 17,399 10,456 177 Rejected Votes 883 Constituency SEGE Name AKROFI ADZOTEYE LAWER ALFRED W G ABAYATEYE WING CMDR S. NELSON(RTD) Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 17,460 16,907 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 57 NDC M 51 CPP M 60 Votes 2,830 9,286 4,791 Rejected Votes 553 Constituency SHAI OSUDOKU Name REX ISAAC KOFI ADDAE GLORIA AFUA AKUFFO DAVID TETTEH ASSUMENG ELIAS NOMO TETTEH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,700 21,295 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 40 NPP F 50 NDC M 43 CPP M 45 Votes 106 7,386 13,510 293 Rejected Votes 405 Pcnt 0.9% 59.1% 24.8% 14.9% 0.3% Elected + 82,579 New Turn-Out: 85.9% Pcnt 16.7% 54.9% 28.3% Elected + 19,866 New + + + Turn-Out: 87.9% Pcnt 0.5% 34.7% 63.4% 1.4% Elected + 24,526 New Turn-Out: 88.5% 168

Constituency TEMA EAST Name ISHMAEL ASHITEY EMELIA KAI ADJEI CHARLES AKWETEY FYNN-WILLIAMS ALBERT ANAWI NUAMAH LORD KORANTENG HAMAH RAMSEYER AGYEMAN PREMPEH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 87,301 86,284 Constituency TEMA WEST Name AIDOOH ABRAHAM OSSEI GEORGE KOMLA MEDIE GODFRIED ALLAN LOMOTEY KOJO AMOAKO KENNETH NANA AMOATENG AYELE AJAVON JUSTICE AWORTWE EDWARDS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 71,009 71,009 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 50 NDC F 58 CPP M 61 IND M 43 IND M 22 IND M 32 Votes 41,519 27,272 1,428 5,517 1,699 8,849 Rejected Votes 1017 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 51 NDC M 51 CPP M 64 EGLE M 40 IND M 29 IND F 64 IND M 39 Votes 37,975 27,061 1,178 298 1,164 1,746 1,587 Rejected Votes 0 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 48.1% 31.6% 1.7% 6.4% 2.0% 10.3% 101,201 Elected + New Turn-Out: 86.3% Pcnt 53.5% 38.1% 1.7% 0.4% 1.6% 2.5% 2.2% Elected + 83,864 New Turn-Out: 84.7% 169

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Greater Accra Constituency TROBU-AMASAMAN Name DANIEL ADDOQUAYE PAPPOE SAMUEL NEE-ARYEETEY ATTOH ERNEST ATTUQUAYE ARMAH THELMA LANTWEI LAMPTEY LAWRENCE KESSEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 69,589 69,090 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 58 NPP M 54 NDC M 47 CPP F 43 IND M 50 Votes 1,044 31,459 31,017 4,013 1,557 Rejected Votes 499 Constituency WEIJA Name SHIRLEY AYORKOR BOTCHWAY JOHN CAESAR AHIABOR EMMANUEL NII SACKEY ISAAC NII OTOO OTOO JOHN AMEKAH REV FRED NII ADJETEY LARBIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 132,168 131,279 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 41 NDC M 46 CPP M 43 DPP M 48 GCPP M 52 IND M 50 Votes 76,995 44,223 1,356 374 2,157 6,174 Rejected Votes 889 Pcnt 1.5% 45.5% 44.9% 5.8% 2.3% Elected + 82,141 New Turn-Out: 84.7% Pcnt 58.6% 33.7% 1.0% 0.3% 1.6% 4.7% 155,658 Elected + New + + + + + + Turn-Out: 84.9% 170

171

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Northern NPP NDC INDP 8 seats 17 seats 1 seats 172

REGION NORTHERN Constituency BIMBILA Name ANDREW NOGMA NITIWUL BINGAB ADUNA DOMINIC MOHAMMED IBN ABASS IBN AZIZ ABASS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 39,792 37,713 Constituency BOLE Name ABDULAI AHMED ABUDU ALHAJI SULEMANA ADAMS ACHANSO JOHN DRAMANI MAHAMA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 18,205 17,991 Constituency BUNKPURUGU Name DUBIK A SAMAN DUBIK MAHMA YAKUBU NAMBURR BERRICK DUUT MARTIN KOMBIAN JOSEPH BIPOBA NAABU LABIK JOSEPH YAANI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,616 31,880 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 47 NPP M 27 NDC M 40 DPP M 42 Votes 1,564 15,791 19,577 781 Rejected Votes 2079 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 55 NPP M 35 NDC M 46 Votes 342 6,675 10,974 Rejected Votes 214 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 38 NPP M 54 NDC M 45 CPP M 39 IND M 43 IND M 50 Votes 2,480 7,265 6,791 461 6,447 8,436 Rejected Votes 1736 Pcnt 4.1% 41.9% 51.9% 2.1% Elected + 44,236 New Turn-Out: 90.0% Pcnt 1.9% 37.1% 61.0% Elected + 22,807 New Turn-Out: 79.8% Pcnt 7.8% 22.8% 21.3% 1.4% 20.2% 26.5% Elected + 37,149 New Turn-Out: 90.5% 173

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Northern Constituency CHEREPONI Name DORIS A SEIDU SEIDU ISSAH ABAH KWABENA YAWKAN MICHEAL BAWA MAMSHIE ALI(DR) Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 17,378 16,131 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 35 NDC M 46 CPP M 46 IND M 51 Votes 5,873 5,561 559 4,138 Rejected Votes 1247 Constituency DAMONGO/DABOYA Name BENEDICT KPENO ALEX SEIDU SOFO YAKUBU NELSON NYINIEFO ALIDU MAHAMA SKIDO ALHASSAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,936 24,723 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 59 NPP M 54 NDC M 61 CPP M 49 EGLE M 30 Votes 530 11,975 11,680 373 165 Rejected Votes 1213 Constituency GUSHEIEGU Name IDDI RITA TANI IDDRISU HUDU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,855 27,751 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 55 NDC M 45 Votes 14,643 13,108 Rejected Votes 1104 Pcnt 36.4% 34.5% 3.5% 25.7% Elected + 19,239 New Turn-Out: 90.3% Pcnt 2.1% 48.4% 47.2% 1.5% 0.7% Elected + 30,603 New Turn-Out: 84.7% Pcnt 52.8% 47.2% Elected + 31,071 New Turn-Out: 92.9% 174

Constituency KARAGA Name OSMAN ISSAH ABUKARI IDDRISU DAWUDA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,917 23,060 Constituency KPANDAI Name KPAJAL JAMES KWESI LIKPALIMOR KWAJO TAWIAH ABDULAI AWAL MOHAMMED DANIEL NSALA WAKPAL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,232 28,997 Constituency KUMBUNGU Name PRINCE IMORO ALHASSAN ANDANI YAKUBU IMORO ALHAJI MOHAMMED IMORO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,864 28,711 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 54 Votes 8,192 14,868 Rejected Votes 857 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 44 CPP M 36 IND M 29 Votes 7,460 11,915 445 9,177 Rejected Votes 1235 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 46 NDC M 46 CPP M 38 Votes 5,968 22,245 498 Rejected Votes 153 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 35.5% 64.5% Elected + 26,372 New + Turn-Out: 90.7% Pcnt 25.7% 41.1% 1.5% 31.6% Elected + 33,696 New Turn-Out: 89.7% Pcnt 20.8% 77.5% 1.7% Elected + 31,023 New Turn-Out: 93.0% 175

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Northern Constituency MION Name MABE YARBEY GABRIEL MAHAMA NEGIN KWAS SAMUEL ALHASSAN AHMED YAKUBU ALABIRA IBRAHIM ABU E MUSAH SULEMANA ABU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,031 27,034 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 50 NPP M 32 NDC M 47 CPP M 52 IND M 46 IND M 46 Votes 587 10,307 10,568 4,616 956 Rejected Votes 997 Constituency NALERIGU Name ALANDO BANABA MOSES ALIMA MAHAMA HAJIA DR.TIA ALFRED SUGRI HAMIDU NAPOLEON DAWUNI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,904 32,256 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP F 47 NDC M 48 CPP M 46 Votes 9,378 11,308 11,259 311 Rejected Votes 1648 Constituency NANTON Name ALHAJI ABDEL-KAREEM IDDRISU ALHAJI ALHASSAN YAKUBU ABU ALHASSAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 14,685 14,248 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 52 NDC M 55 CPP M 52 Votes 5,778 8,338 132 Rejected Votes 437 Pcnt 2.2% 38.1% 39.1% 17.1% 3.5% Elected + 33,451 New Turn-Out: 83.8% Pcnt 29.1% 35.1% 34.9% 1.0% Elected + 38,744 New Turn-Out: 87.5% Pcnt 40.6% 58.5% 0.9% Elected + 15,452 New Turn-Out: 95.0% 176

Constituency SABOBA Name KENNETH WUJANGI BINTIN CHARLES BINIPOM BILIJO NAYON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 20,252 19,490 Constituency SALAGA Name ABUBAKARI ALHASSAN KOKOCHICHI ABUBAKARI SADDIQUE BONIFACE DRAMAN JERRY JACKSON IDDRISU ABU IBRAHIM DEY ABUBAKARI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,411 35,378 Constituency SALWA-TUNA-KALBA Name YAAPUO EDWARD KWABENA YUSIF JUSTICE GODWIN SADITEY DARI DONALD MANTOR SIMIDON ALFRED BAAKU JIMA JOSEPH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,046 22,536 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 56 NPP M 40 NDC M 52 Votes 1,157 10,441 7,892 Rejected Votes 762 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 29 NPP M 44 NDC M 48 CPP M 29 IND M 46 Votes 216 13,755 12,265 223 8,919 Rejected Votes 1033 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 45 NPP M 32 NDC M 47 CPP M 54 EGLE M 50 Votes 848 4,354 13,232 2,395 1,707 Rejected Votes 2510 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 5.9% 53.6% 40.5% Elected + 22,147 New Turn-Out: 91.4% Pcnt 0.6% 38.9% 34.7% 0.6% 25.2% Elected + 41,081 New Turn-Out: 88.6% Pcnt 3.8% 19.3% 58.7% 10.6% 7.6% Elected + 31,180 New Turn-Out: 80.3% 177

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Northern Constituency SAVELUGU Name MAHAMA IDDRISU ABDULAI ABUKARI ALHASSAN HAJIA MARY SALIFU BOFORO YAKUBU ABASS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,618 29,785 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 33 NPP M 42 NDC F 53 DPP M 31 Votes 279 9,455 19,837 214 Rejected Votes 833 Constituency TAMALE CENTRAL Name IDDIRISU U-AZU ADAM MOHAMMED AMIN PROF. AL-HASSAN WAYO SEINI DR ADAM GAMEL NASSER RITA ADAMS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 63,845 63,845 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 32 NPP M 30 NDC M 59 CPP M 48 DPP F 40 Rejected Votes 0 Votes 693 24,614 35,635 2,574 329 Constituency TAMALE NORTH Name EMELIA AFUA AWUNI HAROUN ABDEL-MAJEED ABUKARI SUMANI(ALHAJI) BASHARU ALHASSAN DABALLI ISSAH AHAMED Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 52,507 51,726 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 52 NPP M 52 NDC M 58 CPP M 40 IND M 39 Votes 1,307 10,418 37,854 1,993 154 Rejected Votes 781 178 Pcnt 0.9% 31.7% 66.6% 0.7% Elected + 32,690 New Turn-Out: 93.7% Pcnt 1.1% 38.6% 55.8% 4.0% 0.5% Elected + 65,863 New Turn-Out: 96.9% Pcnt 2.5% 20.1% 73.2% 3.9% 0.3% Elected + 59,724 New Turn-Out: 87.9%

Constituency TAMALE SOUTH Name MOHAMMED ADAM NASHIRU MUSTAPHA ALI IDRIS IDDRISU HARUNA AL-HASSAN ABUBAKAR(DR) KANDE ABUKARI(HAJIA) Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 54,990 53,856 Constituency TOLON Name ALHAJI IDDRISU ADAM ABDUL-RAZAQ A-UMAR SALIFU SAMSON HUSSEIN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,823 32,094 Constituency WALEWALE Name MBAH JACOB KANZONI NABLA SULEMANA ALIDU IDDRISU ZAKARI AHMED ISSAHAKU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,389 32,211 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 39 NPP M 49 NDC M 34 CPP M 62 DPP F 49 Votes 377 12,116 39,204 1,908 251 Rejected Votes 1134 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 54 NDC M 29 CPP M 48 Votes 12,359 19,123 612 Rejected Votes 729 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 59 NPP M 58 NDC M 48 CPP M 29 Votes 10,007 10,490 11,355 359 Rejected Votes 2178 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.7% 22.5% 72.8% 3.5% 0.5% Elected + 60,493 New + + + + + Turn-Out: 90.9% Pcnt 38.5% 59.6% 1.9% Elected + 37,596 New Turn-Out: 87.3% Pcnt 31.1% 32.6% 35.3% 1.1% Elected + 38,046 New Turn-Out: 90.4% 179

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Northern Constituency WULENSI Name DANIEL OKPANUL WUMBEI KOFI KARIM LALIRI GEORGE MABAN ALHAJI MUSAH ZIBLILA STAR BOY DAWUDA MUMUNI MOHAMMED IDDRISU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,754 22,567 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 35 NPP M 49 NDC M 50 CPP M 47 DPP M 25 IND M 26 Votes 881 10,476 9,864 207 287 852 Rejected Votes 1187 Constituency YAGABA/KUBORI Name SUMANI HARUNA YAKUBU NDAMBA IBRAHIM ABDUL-RAUF TANKO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 11,173 10,628 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 38 NPP M 58 NDC M 36 Votes 2,319 3,452 4,857 Rejected Votes 545 Constituency YAPEI/KUSAWGU Name BUAH GEORGE INUSAH ZAKARIAH YAKUBU ALHAJI AMADU SEIDU ALHAJI BABA ADJEI WILSON SALIF YAQOUB Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 26,525 25,267 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 30 NPP M 39 NDC M 50 CPP M 36 IND M 45 Votes 310 11,211 12,758 314 674 Rejected Votes 1258 180 Pcnt 3.9% 46.4% 43.7% 0.9% 1.3% 3.8% Elected + 26,702 New Turn-Out: 89.0% Pcnt 21.8% 32.5% 45.7% Elected + 13,611 New + + + Turn-Out: 82.1% Pcnt 1.2% 44.4% 50.5% 1.2% 2.7% Elected + 32,220 New Turn-Out: 82.3%

Constituency YENDI Name MBORIGNAM JOHN KWABENA ALHAJI MALIK ALHASSAN YAKUBU SULEMANA IBUN IDDRISU BABA ZUUTUTUGRI MUBARAK ABDALLAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 28,883 28,581 Constituency ZABZUGU/TATALE Name ADAM KUPERI LAGNABOON JABAAH JOHN BENNAM MOHAMMED JAGRI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,506 32,531 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 37 NPP M 59 NDC M 49 IND M 44 Votes 2,500 15,302 10,779 0 Rejected Votes 302 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 36 NPP M 39 NDC M 44 Votes 433 15,555 16,543 Rejected Votes 975 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 8.7% 53.5% 37.7% 0.0% Elected + 32,172 New Turn-Out: 89.8% Pcnt 1.3% 47.8% 50.9% Elected + 36,974 New Turn-Out: 90.6% 181

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East NPP NDC PNC 2 seats 9 seats 2 seats 182

REGION UPPER EAST Constituency BAWKU CENTRAL Name AMIDU MAMUDU SISALA HAWA YAKUBU MAHAMA AYARIGA YUSSIF TAIBAN KUNDIMA SADAT AMADU ABUBAKAR JIBREEL USTARZ Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,405 38,108 Constituency BINDURI Name YAKUBU STEPHEN MARK ANTHONY AWUNI BARICHIE TILATA YAKUBU ABOYELLA CHARLES Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 20,181 19,939 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 48 NPP F 56 NDC M 29 CPP M 29 IND M 29 IND M 35 Votes 333 10,169 18,518 353 161 8,574 Rejected Votes 297 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 38 NDC M 64 CPP M 55 IND M 38 Votes 6,216 9,797 199 3,727 Rejected Votes 242 Pcnt 0.9% 26.7% 48.6% 0.9% 0.4% 22.5% Elected + 49,691 New Turn-Out: 77.3% Pcnt 31.2% 49.1% 1.0% 18.7% Elected + 24,863 New Turn-Out: 81.2% 183

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East Constituency BOLGATANGA Name DAVID APASERA GHEYSIKA ADOMBIRE AGAMBILA AKOLBIRE EMMANUEL OPAM-BROWN EVELYN LAMISI ANABILA AWUNI ATIAH SOLOMON AMOSHIE BABA JULIUS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 50,427 49,101 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 42 NPP M 52 NDC M 44 CPP F 40 DPP M 47 IND M 34 Votes 18,948 11,547 16,743 564 345 954 Rejected Votes 1326 Constituency BONGO Name ABUGRE FELIX ANDREWS AWUNI ABERIBIRE ABONGO ALBERT AMORO MPUSE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 29,024 28,645 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 27 NPP M 44 NDC M 45 CPP M 43 Votes 719 10,311 17,397 218 Rejected Votes 379 Constituency BUILSA NORTH Name THOMAS AKUM-YONG AGNES CHIGABATIA ASANGALISAH AWONTIIRIM ATABOADEY TIMOTHY ABAAYIAK AYULIM GRACE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 19,009 18,273 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 51 NPP F 48 NDC M 34 CPP F 43 Votes 5,657 6,160 6,147 309 Rejected Votes 736 184 Pcnt 38.6% 23.5% 34.1% 1.1% 0.7% 1.9% Elected + 62,056 New Turn-Out: 81.3% Pcnt 2.5% 36.0% 60.7% 0.8% Elected + 35,600 New Turn-Out: 81.5% Pcnt 31.0% 33.7% 33.6% 1.7% Elected + 22,057 New Turn-Out: 86.2%

Constituency BUILSA SOUTH Name ACHIANAH JOSEPH AMOABIL THEODORE KABOA AYARIC ABOLINBISA ROGER AKANTAGRIWEN KUNDE DANIEL COLLINS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 11,462 10,947 Constituency CHIANA-PAGA Name ANYOKA JERRY ALOWE LEO KABAH PELE ABUGA DESMOND AYIREVIRE ALICHIMA MARTIN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,141 25,691 Constituency GARU/TEMPANE Name PULLAM WILLIAM JOSEPH AKUDBILLAHH AZUMAH DOMINIC AZIMBE ANABAH JOSEPH BENIBAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,020 34,020 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 65 NPP M 43 NDC M 40 CPP M 40 Votes 2,631 3,413 4,820 83 Rejected Votes 515 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 26 NPP M 53 NDC M 44 CPP M 40 IND M 35 Votes 1,212 6,242 11,824 333 6,080 Rejected Votes 1450 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 56 NPP M 56 NDC M 54 CPP M 47 Votes 1,878 13,067 18,705 370 Rejected Votes 0 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 24.0% 31.2% 44.0% 0.8% Elected + 13,679 New Turn-Out: 83.8% Pcnt 4.7% 24.3% 46.0% 1.3% 23.7% Elected + 32,294 New Turn-Out: 84.0% Pcnt 5.5% 38.4% 55.0% 1.1% Elected + 43,652 New Turn-Out: 77.9% 185

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East Constituency NABDAM Name SOMTIM TOBIGA BONIFACE GAMBILA ADAGBILA ASAGA MOSES TAMPURE AYENYETA WILLIAM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 11,128 10,778 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 55 NPP M 45 NDC M 47 CPP M 47 Votes 1,002 3,227 6,450 99 Rejected Votes 350 Constituency NAVRONGO CENTRAL Name GABRIEL PWAMANG ADDA JOSEPH KOFI ANDEMA EMMANUEL AZANTINLWO ANEMANA JENNIFER BAGONIA GRACE DONALD AMUAH ACHULIWOR A. OTITO WERSEH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,778 31,657 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 44 NPP M 48 NDC M 47 CPP M 39 DPP F 35 IND M 59 IND M 49 Votes 6,512 12,444 6,201 140 83 2,262 4,015 Rejected Votes 1121 Constituency PUSIGA Name YAHAYA SEIDU AWINABA ATINGBAN SIMON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 19,673 18,700 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 49 NDC M 50 Votes 6,588 12,112 Rejected Votes 973 Pcnt 9.3% 29.9% 59.8% 0.9% Elected + 13,521 New Turn-Out: 82.3% Pcnt 20.6% 39.3% 19.6% 0.4% 0.3% 7.1% 12.7% Elected + 38,884 New Turn-Out: 84.3% Pcnt 35.2% 64.8% Elected + 24,310 New + + Turn-Out: 80.9% 186

Constituency TALENSI Name SAMUEL KUUG NAROOK HAJIA MARIAM ABAGNA KHALDI AKOLOGU JOHN TIA JOHN TEROUG ZONGBIL ROBERT N. DOAMENG MOSORE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 22,985 22,148 Constituency ZEBILLA Name JOHN AKPARIBO NDEBUGRE APPIAH MOSES CLETUS APUL AVOKA SULLEY ANEDA APAM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 32,585 31,188 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 46 NPP F 42 NDC M 50 CPP M 39 IND M 51 Votes 3,001 5,354 8,346 865 4,582 Rejected Votes 837 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 54 NPP M 48 NDC M 53 CPP M 50 Votes 11,026 8,921 10,913 328 Rejected Votes 1397 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 13.5% 24.2% 37.7% 3.9% 20.7% Elected + 27,898 New Turn-Out: 82.4% Pcnt 35.4% 28.6% 35.0% 1.1% Elected + 37,251 New Turn-Out: 87.5% 187

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East NPP NDC PNC 1 seat ´ 7 seats 2 seats 188

REGION UPPER WEST Constituency JIRAPA Name JAMES AMARE WINIFRED A DY-YAKAH SALIA EDWARD KOJO NUAH BIBIANA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,452 20,697 Constituency LAMBUSSIE Name THOMAS F BITIE-KETTING SEBASTIAN KOUG BAMILE BOON ALICE TENI ABUBAKARI ALHAJI YAHAYA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 12,980 12,480 Constituency LAWRA Name BAPULLU DENIS DERY DERY AMBROSE P DR BENJAMIN KUNBUOR SEIDU ADAMS BILLAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 33,288 31,138 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 50 NPP F 56 NDC M 52 IND F 49 Votes 483 4,280 15,580 354 Rejected Votes 755 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 51 NPP M 58 NDC F 42 CPP M 41 Votes 1,265 4,553 6,554 108 Rejected Votes 500 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 53 NPP M 48 NDC M 46 CPP M 44 Votes 912 10,549 19,306 371 Rejected Votes 2150 Pcnt 2.3% 20.7% 75.3% 1.7% Elected + 29,025 New Turn-Out: 73.9% Pcnt 10.1% 36.5% 52.5% 0.9% Elected + 16,576 New Turn-Out: 78.3% Pcnt 2.9% 33.9% 62.0% 1.2% Elected + 40,375 New Turn-Out: 82.4% 189

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East Constituency NADOWLI EAST Name TINGANI BANOEBARA JONAS KASANGA RAPHAEL KASIM MATHIAS ASOMA PUOZAA TIESAAH AZAADONG GEORGE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 10,412 10,144 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 36 NPP M 50 NDC M 56 CPP M 43 Votes 713 3,221 6,095 115 Rejected Votes 268 Constituency NADOWLI WEST Name CLEMENT K SENCHI DANIEL ANLEU-MWINE BAGA ALBAN SUMANA KINGSFORD BAGBIN SASUU BERNARD KABAWUNU BISUNG EDWARD DAPILAA ISHAK Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,178 22,349 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 49 NPP M 47 NDC M 47 CPP M 23 DPP M 24 IND M 47 Votes 625 5,297 11,296 152 188 4,791 Rejected Votes 829 Constituency SISSALA EAST Name MOSES DANI BAAH ALHASSAN DUBIE HALUTIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 19,810 19,129 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 53 NDC F 57 Votes 14,186 4,943 Rejected Votes 681 Pcnt 7.0% 31.8% 60.1% 1.1% Elected + 13,053 New Turn-Out: 79.8% Pcnt 2.8% 23.7% 50.5% 0.7% 0.8% 21.4% Elected + 28,486 New Turn-Out: 81.4% Pcnt 74.2% 25.8% Elected + 22,984 New Turn-Out: 86.2% 190

Constituency SISSALA WEST Name BAYIRGA HARUNA BENSON GEORGE HIKAH AMIDU SULEMANI KALE NONETUO PETERS Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 16,520 15,643 Constituency WA CENTRAL Name MORNAH ANBATAAYELA BERNARD MOHAMMED ADAMA KPEGLA PELPUO ABDUL-RASHID HASSAN ABU MUMUNI OSMAN MOHAMMED OSMAN IMAM SIDIK Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 42,754 41,501 Constituency WA EAST Name ALBERT SOLOMON BAWAH SULLEY BAYON GODFREY TANGU SALIAH ISSAKU ALHAJI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 22,255 21,307 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 52 NPP M 42 NDC M 47 IND M 52 Votes 4,788 4,419 4,759 1,677 Rejected Votes 877 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 31 NPP M 38 NDC M 40 CPP M 51 DPP M 31 IND M 28 Votes 12,280 7,249 21,272 376 172 152 Rejected Votes 1253 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 54 NPP M 48 NDC M 52 Votes 1,085 10,947 9,275 Rejected Votes 948 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 30.6% 28.2% 30.4% 10.7% Elected + 19,291 New + + + + Turn-Out: 85.6% Pcnt 29.6% 17.5% 51.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.4% Elected + 50,537 New Turn-Out: 84.6% Pcnt 5.1% 51.4% 43.5% Elected + 27,608 New Turn-Out: 80.6% 191

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Upper East Constituency WA WEST Name VAARI MATTHEW SAA-HI EDWARD YIRIMAMBO JOSEPH YIELEH CHIREH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,211 19,980 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 26 NPP M 61 NDC M 50 Votes 653 6,071 13,256 Rejected Votes 1231 Pcnt 3.3% 30.4% 66.3% Elected + 28,443 New + + + Turn-Out: 74.6% 192

193

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Volta NPP NDC 1 seats 21 seats 194

REGION VOLTA Constituency AKAN Name GYAMBIBY-ASONG R MAXWELL ALHAJI RASHID BAWA GYAPONG KWADWO JOHN AKROMAH KOFI GODFRED GIDSON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,340 24,917 Constituency ANLO Name KUDJO CAMPBELL DJADU AHIABOR EDWARD KOFI CLEMENT KOFI HUMADO AMELOR GODWIN KWASHIE SIVA VORDZORGBE JAMES VICTOR GBEHO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,541 34,004 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 45 NPP M 45 NDC M 54 CPP M 46 Votes 569 9,983 13,937 428 Rejected Votes 423 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 57 NPP M 41 NDC M 51 CPP M 40 EGLE M 26 IND M 69 Votes 81 1,869 17,758 120 87 14,089 Rejected Votes 537 Pcnt 2.3% 40.1% 55.9% 1.7% Elected + 28,641 New Turn-Out: 88.5% Pcnt 0.2% 5.5% 52.2% 0.4% 0.3% 41.4% Elected + 38,305 New Turn-Out: 90.2% 195

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Volta Constituency AVENOR-AVE Name MUMUNI AYISHA NICHOLAS COFFIE NEGBLE EDWARD KORBLY DOE ADJAHO VICENT NORGBEDZI VIDA ABLA KOTOKU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 39,437 38,824 Constituency BIAKOYE Name GEORGE KOFI AFARI KWASI OWUSU YEBOA BANDUA EMMANUEL KWASI ALFRED KOFI APPIAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 27,166 27,166 Constituency BUEM Name MOHAMED NURUDEEN BOB CHARLES AGBONTOR HENRY FORD KAMEL SOSTHENES SIMON SAKYI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,743 21,743 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 29 NPP M 58 NDC M 47 CPP M 47 EGLE F 33 Votes 174 5,118 31,795 1,585 152 Rejected Votes 613 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 52 NPP M 52 NDC M 55 IND M 38 Votes 141 6,784 14,459 5,782 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 35 NPP M 42 NDC M 43 CPP M 60 Votes 139 4,807 15,295 1,502 Rejected Votes 0 Pcnt 0.4% 13.2% 81.9% 4.1% 0.4% Elected + 44,414 New Turn-Out: 88.8% Pcnt 0.5% 25.0% 53.2% 21.3% Elected + 31,020 New Turn-Out: 87.6% Pcnt 0.6% 22.1% 70.3% 6.9% Elected + 25,630 New Turn-Out: 84.8% 196

Constituency CENTRAL TONGU Name BATTORVI BROWN COOPER JOHN CUDJO DUNYO JOE KWASHIE GIDISU PATIENCE AMI AMEKU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,016 24,325 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 46 NPP M 49 NDC M 52 CPP F 57 Votes 105 1,793 16,807 5,620 Rejected Votes 691 Constituency HO CENTRAL Name SETH DICKIE KPODO CAPT.(RTD) GEORGE KOFI NFOJOH DEDEY KWASI LEVI MICHAEL MRS ASASE ROBERTA TAY PROSPER Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 58,675 58,301 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 56 NDC M 58 CPP M 34 EGLE F 30 GCPP M 49 Votes 4,668 49,463 3,593 275 302 Rejected Votes 374 Constituency HO EAST Name MISS SARAH KPORKU DZORKPE DAVID DICKSON MRS JULIANA JOCELYN AZUMAH- MENSAH GABRIEL HENRY KOBLA GBEDJOH ALICE AMI GORNI DR SAMUEL CHARLES BUAME KWASI Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 25,672 25,173 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 36 NPP M 56 NDC F 54 CPP M 62 EGLE F 45 IND M 48 Rejected Votes 499 Votes 79 1,804 11,348 1,058 72 10,812 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.4% 7.4% 69.1% 23.1% Elected + 28,047 New Turn-Out: 89.2% Pcnt 8.0% 84.8% 6.2% 0.5% 0.5% Elected + 67,309 New Turn-Out: 87.2% Pcnt 0.3% 7.2% 45.1% 4.2% 0.3% 43.0% Elected + 28,318 New Turn-Out: 90.7% 197

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Volta Constituency HO WEST Name ELIZABETH AKUA OHENE AGBOTSE FRANCIS AGGREY ELLAH NANCY SIFA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,740 31,602 Constituency HOHOE NORTH Name FORTUNE T ABUSUASEM JOHN PETER AMEWU PRINCE JACOB HAYIBOR LINUS ELOLO VICTORY KAY FIANYO PHILIP AFEAVO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 45,080 45,080 Constituency HOHOE SOUTH Name DELALI NDO AMENOWODE JOSEPH ZAPHENAT Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 23,438 23,438 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 59 NDC M 60 EGLE F 64 Votes 5,346 26,065 191 Rejected Votes 138 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 61 NPP M 36 NDC M 42 CPP M 40 IND M 47 Votes 539 9,068 34,600 425 448 Rejected Votes 0 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 48 NDC M 49 Votes 2,859 20,579 Rejected Votes 0 Pcnt 16.9% 82.5% 0.6% Elected + 36,120 New Turn-Out: 87.9% Pcnt 1.2% 20.1% 76.8% 0.9% 1.0% Elected + 52,044 New Turn-Out: 86.6% Pcnt 12.2% 87.8% Elected + 26,482 New Turn-Out: 88.5% 198

Constituency KETA Name FERDINAND K. FIAWOO PICCOLO FIANOO KUDJOE DANIEL KWASHI ABODAKPI CHRIS ARCMANN ACKUMMEY RICHARD WORMIE JONES PRIAM V WEMEGAH W.C(RTD) FELIX TETTEH KUWORNOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,971 30,631 Constituency KETU NORTH Name KOFI DZAMESI A.S AVEDZI JAMES KLUTSE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 39,689 38,772 Constituency KETU SOUTH Name OBORO-ADIBO DAVID THOMAS KWASHIKPUI FRANK SESHIE ALBERT KWASI ZIGAH VINOLIA ENYONAM DEKU LETICIA EDZORNA KALITSI AGBAGEDY CHARLES NYPSON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 71,481 70,564 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 41 NPP M 50 NDC M 54 NRP M 53 EGLE M 44 IND M 44 IND M 66 Votes 100 1,976 26,803 1,341 141 217 53 Rejected Votes 340 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 45 NDC M 40 Votes 10,369 28,403 Rejected Votes 917 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 64 NPP M 54 NDC M 45 CPP F 52 EGLE F 50 IND M 52 Votes 238 4,809 48,279 839 158 16,241 Rejected Votes 917 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.3% 6.5% 87.5% 4.4% 0.5% 0.7% 0.2% Elected + 33,982 New Turn-Out: 91.1% Pcnt 26.7% 73.3% Elected + 43,374 New Turn-Out: 91.5% Pcnt 0.3% 6.8% 68.4% 1.2% 0.2% 23.0% Elected + 81,186 New Turn-Out: 88.0% 199

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Volta Constituency KRACHI EAST Name JOHN GYAMFI WISDOM GIDISU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,222 20,913 Constituency KRACHI WEST Name KOFI TARKUM KOFI MENSAH DEMITIA OSEI-SARFO FRANCIS YAW ALHAJI ABU SAFIANO BABA OWUSU MICHAEL KWASI APRAKU KWADWO SAMPSON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 36,390 34,952 Constituency NKWANTA NORTH Name JOSEPH KWAKU NAYAN MUNTARU IDDRISU ABDUL AZIZ TAIRO ABDULAI FULAMBA DR. JOSEPH K. MANBOAH-ROCKSON Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,332 20,591 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 42 NDC M 37 Votes 6,261 14,652 Rejected Votes 309 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 41 NPP M 50 NDC M 49 IND M 55 IND M 45 IND M 65 Votes 8,056 8,861 15,687 1,773 121 454 Rejected Votes 1438 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 40 NDC M 42 CPP M 50 IND M 45 IND M 38 Votes 6,178 5,424 123 5,188 3,678 Rejected Votes 741 Pcnt 29.9% 70.1% Elected + 24,329 New + + Turn-Out: 87.2% Pcnt 23.0% 25.4% 44.9% 5.1% 0.3% 1.3% Elected + 40,273 New Turn-Out: 90.4% Pcnt 30.0% 26.3% 0.6% 25.2% 17.9% Elected + 22,917 New + + + + + Turn-Out: 93.1% 200

Constituency NKWANTA SOUTH Name MICHAEL LIJOWEL PUNAFUL JOSEPH BOOKER YAW DENTEH GERSHON KOFI BEDIAKO GBEDIAME AWIAGAH SAMUEL Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,763 29,809 Constituency NORTH DAYI Name CEPHAS JONES DONKOR AKUA DANSUA SENA THOMAS AQUINAS KWAME M NTUMY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,283 36,894 Constituency NORTH TONGU Name DAVID KWASI AMANSUNU NICHOLAS M K AHIADORME CHARLES SO HODOGBEY COSMAS KODJO ETSE ASEM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,034 30,577 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 35 NPP M 44 NDC M 51 CPP M 42 Votes 5,178 8,605 15,569 457 Rejected Votes 954 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 54 NDC F 46 CPP M 58 Votes 4,011 29,765 3,118 Rejected Votes 389 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 30 NPP M 46 NDC M 56 IND M 39 Votes 151 2,104 21,857 6,465 Rejected Votes 457 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 17.4% 28.9% 52.2% 1.5% Elected + 35,922 New Turn-Out: 85.6% Pcnt 10.9% 80.7% 8.5% Elected + 42,482 New Turn-Out: 87.8% Pcnt 0.5% 6.9% 71.5% 21.1% Elected + 35,042 New + + + + Turn-Out: 88.6% 201

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Volta Constituency SOUTH DAYI Name ERNEST PATRICK MALLET DR KWAME AMPOFO BERNARD DUOSE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 6,491 6,305 Constituency SOUTH TONGU Name MICHAEL ZEWU GLOVER KENNETH DZIRASAH APEDO SAMUEL KOFI ADJIN LEWIS STEPHEN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 31,335 31,046 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 53 NDC M 54 IND M 51 Votes 2,284 3,168 853 Rejected Votes 186 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 54 NDC M 50 CPP M 57 EGLE M 57 Votes 3,410 27,140 290 206 Rejected Votes 289 Pcnt 36.2% 50.2% 13.5% Elected + 18,929 New Turn-Out: 34.3% Pcnt 11.0% 87.4% 0.9% 0.7% Elected + 34,700 New Turn-Out: 90.3% 202

203

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Western NPP NDC CPP 10 seats 8 seats 2 seats 204

REGION WESTERN Constituency AHANTA WEST Name ANDREW BEN ACKAH SAMUEL JOHNFIAH JOSEPH JONES AMOAH PAA DUKU QUARSHIE SAMUEL K KWOFIE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,400 37,393 Constituency AMENFI CENTRAL Name PETER YAW KWAKYE-ACKAH GEORGE KOFI ARTHUR JAMES BOATENG Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,018 29,380 Constituency AMENFI EAST Name JULIUS IAPPIAH JOSEPH BOAHEN AIDOO OSEI KUFFOUR OMOOYEY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 37,305 36,855 by the Electoral Commission Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 57 NPP M 52 NDC M 40 CPP M 50 IND M 64 Votes 408 22,615 7,345 2,845 4,180 Rejected Votes 1007 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 47 NDC M 35 CPP M 35 Votes 14,006 14,139 1,235 Rejected Votes 638 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 49 NPP M 47 NDC M 35 Votes 548 23,937 12,370 Rejected Votes 450 Pcnt 1.1% 60.5% 19.6% 7.6% 11.2% Elected + 46,368 New Turn-Out: 82.8% Pcnt 47.7% 48.1% 4.2% Elected + 34,149 New Turn-Out: 87.9% Pcnt 1.5% 64.9% 33.6% Elected + 43,313 New Turn-Out: 86.1% 205

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Western Constituency AMENFI WEST Name AGNES SONFUL JOHN GYETUAH KOFI BAYIM ANTWI DIZON BLE ABUKWAW Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,146 29,210 Constituency AOWIN Name EBENEZER EBBI KWAKU BANKWA SAMUEL ADU GYAMFI JOHN KWEKUCHER ACKAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 39,896 39,271 Constituency BIA Name ANTHONY MARSHALL ARPOH MICHEAL COFFIE BOAMPONG YUSSIF BAWAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 56,295 54,786 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 53 NDC M 45 CPP M 32 GCPP M 29 Votes 13,108 15,233 509 360 Rejected Votes 936 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 23 NPP M 50 NDC M 59 Votes 854 22,059 16,358 Rejected Votes 625 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 28 NDC M 42 CPP M 59 Votes 17,607 36,014 1,165 Rejected Votes 1509 Pcnt 44.9% 52.1% 1.7% 1.2% Elected + 35,349 New Turn-Out: 85.3% Pcnt 2.2% 56.2% 41.7% Elected + 48,617 New Turn-Out: 82.1% Pcnt 32.1% 65.7% 2.1% Elected + 67,089 New Turn-Out: 83.9% 206

Constituency BIBIANI-ANHWIASO-BEKWAI Registered Voters: Name CHRISTOPHER ADDAE SEIDU PAAKUNA ADAMU Party Sex Age NPP M 41 NDC M 51 Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 47,341 46,703 Rejected Votes 638 Votes 24,333 22,370 Constituency EFFIA KWESIMINTIM Name JOE BAIDOE ANSAH GEORGE KWEKU CHRISTIAN NANA ABAKAH FRANK DARKU-ANKRAH EBENEZER K QUANSAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 61,363 60,740 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 40 NDC M 46 CPP M 49 EGLE M 35 IND M 66 Votes 36,936 13,660 7,791 280 2,073 Rejected Votes 623 Constituency ELLEMBELE Name SHAIBU CHIE ISSAKA KAKU KORSAH FREDDIE BLAY KYIAMAH KAKU Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,969 34,969 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 32 NDC M 54 CPP M 53 IND M 67 Rejected Votes 0 Votes 388 11,322 18,428 902 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 52.1% 47.9% Elected + 52,647 New Turn-Out: 89.9% Pcnt 60.8% 22.5% 12.8% 0.5% 3.4% Elected + 74,300 New Turn-Out: 82.6% Pcnt 1.1% 32.4% 52.7% 2.6% Elected + 39,719 New Turn-Out: 88.0% 207

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Western Constituency ESIKADU/KETAN Name JOE GHARTEY DAVID MENSAH FRANK NOBLE ANKOMAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 34,198 33,706 Constituency EVALUE GWIRA Name EDITH HAZEL ARMAH KOJO KAKU SAGARY NOKOE ERIC OGBAME SELBY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 21,414 20,887 Constituency JOMORO Name DORIS EDUKU ANTHONY RANSFORD TANDOH LEE OCRAN PHILIP ACKATIAH ARMAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 40,478 40,748 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 43 NDC M 42 CPP M 65 Votes 24,078 8,976 652 Rejected Votes 492 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NDC F 49 CPP M 59 IND M 55 IND M 30 Votes 6,150 10,377 1,739 2,621 Rejected Votes 527 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 29 NPP M 62 NDC M 60 CPP M 64 Votes 586 14,835 16,490 8,567 Rejected Votes 0 Pcnt 71.4% 26.6% 1.9% Elected + 41,539 New + + + Turn-Out: 82.3% Pcnt 29.4% 49.7% 8.3% 12.5% Elected + 26,305 New Turn-Out: 81.4% Pcnt 1.4% 36.4% 40.5% 21.0% Elected + 54,858 New Turn-Out: 73.8% 208

Constituency JUABOSO Name THOMAS BOAMAH KWAME FRANCIS ASSUAH AHI SAMPSON SAMUEL ALEX ANTHONY LARBI MARTHA SERWAA-DUAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 52,058 50,826 Constituency MPOHOR WASSA Name DAVID ANSAH ANTHONY EVANS AMOAH JOSEPH KOBINA DANYAMIE MARY ANKOMAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 42,071 40,736 Constituency PRESTEA/HUNI-VALLEY Name ALBERT KWAKU OBBIN JOHN KWEKU AKAKPO YAW ASMAH HEMANS MARY APEKO SAMUEL PLANGE KAYE Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 55,826 54,536 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 39 NPP M 51 NDC M 32 CPP M 55 DPP F 38 Votes 446 15,935 33,411 714 320 Rejected Votes 1232 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 28 NPP M 52 NDC M 37 CPP F 47 Votes 396 19,635 10,014 10,691 Rejected Votes 1335 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 48 NDC M 64 CPP M 56 IND F 40 IND M 54 Votes 23,852 13,283 699 261 16,441 Rejected Votes 1290 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.9% 31.4% 65.7% 1.4% 0.6% Elected + 60,526 New Turn-Out: 86.0% Pcnt 1.0% 48.2% 24.6% 26.2% Elected + 49,190 New Turn-Out: 85.5% Pcnt 43.7% 24.4% 1.3% 0.5% 30.1% Elected + 65,094 New Turn-Out: 85.8% 209

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Western Constituency SEFWI AKONTOMBRA Name APPIAH-KUBI BAIDOO HEROD COBBINA Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 24,950 24,537 Constituency SEFWI WIAWSO Name ATIAO KWAKU DR KWAKU AFRIYIE EVANS PAUL AIDOO Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 43,947 43,226 Constituency SEKONDI Name OMAR AHMED BEKURE PAPA OWUSU ANKOMAH BETTY BUSUMTWI-SAM JOE VICTOR EGHAN Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 26,571 26,307 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 35 NDC M 48 Votes 10,060 14,477 Rejected Votes 413 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 21 NPP M 50 NDC M 46 Votes 276 16,855 26,095 Rejected Votes 721 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 46 NPP M 46 NDC F 38 CPP M 59 Votes 444 17,433 8,086 344 Rejected Votes 264 Pcnt 41.0% 59.0% Elected + 27,851 New + + Turn-Out: 89.6% Pcnt 0.6% 39.0% 60.4% Elected + 48,035 New Turn-Out: 91.5% Pcnt 1.7% 66.3% 30.7% 1.3% Elected + 30,882 New Turn-Out: 86.0% 210

Constituency SHAMA Name BETTY AMETEPE ANGELINA BAIDEN-AMISSAH PAULUS DOUGLAS EGYIR EMELIA ARTHUR FRANCIS SEKUM Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 30,233 29,595 Constituency SUAMAN Name PROF KOJO KWARTENG ACKAH STEPHEN MICHEAL ESSUAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 12,053 11,994 Constituency TAKORADI Name IVOR TACKIE ADAMS GLADYS ASMAH ESTHER LILY NKANSAH EUSTACE KWESI GYAKYI HAIZEL JOHANNES KOJO SCHECK FRANCIS KOBINA EGHAN GODWILL ABAKAH Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 38,866 38,481 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC F 58 NPP F 50 NDC M 44 NRP F 38 GCPP M 56 Votes 256 14,782 5,300 9,067 190 Rejected Votes 638 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP M 53 NDC M 54 Votes 5,063 6,931 Rejected Votes 59 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age PNC M 45 NPP F 68 NDC F 56 CPP M 40 IND M 54 IND M 67 IND M 38 Votes 191 25,714 7,894 1,296 62 3,104 220 Rejected Votes 385 by the Electoral Commission Pcnt 0.9% 49.9% 17.9% 30.6% 0.6% Elected + 36,724 New Turn-Out: 82.3% Pcnt 42.2% 57.8% Elected + 14,453 New + + Turn-Out: 83.4% Pcnt 0.5% 66.8% 20.5% 3.4% 0.2% 8.1% 0.6% Elected + 45,878 New Turn-Out: 84.7% 211

Parliamentary Election Results for Region Western Constituency TARKWA-NSUAEM Name GIFTY EUGENIA KUSI SOLOMON KWABENA AMOAH JOSHUA EKOW ARMAH JOHN NYAMEKYE ANSAH-MENSAH SLY DICK OFORI KAY Total Votes Cast Valid Votes 55,027 54,238 Registered Voters: Party Sex Age NPP F 46 NDC M 54 CPP M 63 IND M 67 IND M 49 Votes 32,154 14,506 3,088 4,408 82 Rejected Votes 789 Pcnt 59.3% 26.7% 5.7% 8.1% 0.2% Elected + 64,930 New Turn-Out: 84.7% 212

LIST OF TABLES APPENDICES TABLE(1): The List of the new Constituencies created in 2004 12 TABLE(2): Regional Distribution of Constituencies in Ghana for the 2004 General Elections. 15 TABLE(3): Statistics relating to changes in the Number of Districts and Constituencies in the Country 16 TABLE(4): Voter Registration Statistics for 2004 General Elections 20 TABLE(5): Regional Distribution of Voter Registration Challenge Cases: A Comparison between 1995 and 2004 Voter Registration Exercises 22 TABLE(6): Statistical Information on temporary Senior Staff recruited for the 2004 General Elections. 26 TABLE(7): Presidential Candidates and their Running Mates 30 TABLE(8): Parliamentary Nomination Returns 30 TABLE(9): Distribution of Vehicles to Political Parties in Connection with the 2004 General Elections 36 TABLE(10): Party positions for 2000 and 2004 General Elections 38 TABLE(11): No of Registered Voters in the five(5) outstanding Constituencies in the 2004 Elections 50 TABLE(12a): 2004 Presidential Election Results 51 TABLE(12b): Comparative Results of 2000 and 2004 Parliamentary Elections 52 TABLE(13): Performance of the Various Political Parties in the 2004 Elections 54 TABLE(14): Skirt and Blouse Voting- Constituencies that voted Skirt and Blouse 56 TABLE(15): Age Groupings of new Parliamentarians(2004) 57 213

TABLE(16a): New Constituencies won by the Presidential Candidates in the 2004 Elections 59 TABLE(16b): New Constituencies(Parliamentary Seats) won by the Parties in 2004 Elections 60 TABLE(17a): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of J.A. Kufuor 61 TABLE(17b): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of Prof. Evans Ata Mills 62 TABLE(17c): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of Edward Mahama 63 TABLE(17d): Top Twenty(20) Constituencies of George Aggudey 64 TABLE(18): Voter Turnout at 2004 Elections 65 TABLE(19a): Constituencies with Voter Turnout above 90% 67 TABLE(19b): Constituencies with Voter Turnout below 60% 68 TABLE(20): Ballot Papers Cast and Rejected 1994-2004 70 TABLE(21): Strength of the Parties in the Presidential Elections, 1992-2004 86 TABLE(22): Number of Seats Won by the Parties in the Parliamentary Elections, 1992-2004 87 TABLE(23a): Results of the Presidential Elections, 1992 92 TABLE(23b): Results of the 1996 Presidential Election on Regional Basis 93 TABLE(23c): Results of the 2000 Presidential Election on Regional Basis 94 TABLE(23d): Results of the 2000 Presidential Run-off on Regional Basis 95 TABLE(23e): Results of the 2004 Presidential Election on Regional Basis 96 TABLE(24): Performance of the Political Parties in the 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections Based on Number of Constituencies Won 97 TABLE(25): 1996 Parliament: Seat Distribution 100 TABLE(26): 1993 Parliament: Seat Distribution 102 214

TABLE(27): 1997 Parliament: Seat Distribution 103 TABLE(28): Regional Distribution of Seats between NDC/NPP over three Elections 105 TABLE(29): 2005 Parliament: Seat Distribution 107 TABLE(30): Performance of Political Parties in the 2004 Elections 108 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE(1): Voter registration challenges for 1995 and 2004 23 FIGURE(2): Distribution of registration challenge case adjudicated 24 FIGURE(3): Representation of Political Parties in the 2008 Parliament 55 FIGURE(4): Age Distribution curve for the current Members of Parliament 58 FIGURE(5): Voter turnout by Regions 66 FIGURE(6): Total Votes Cast to Total Ballots rejected in 2000 and 2004 69 FIGURE(7): Comparative Graph on total Votes Cast and Total Ballots rejected from 1992- 2004 71 215