AGENDA 2006 1 st Edition Published by Ghana Journalist Association Ghana Int. Press Centre P.O. Box GP 4636 Accra- Ghana & Friedrich Ebert Stiftung(FES) Ring Road East P.O. Box KA 9722 Accra- Ghana Printed by O’ mens graphix, Accra(www.omens-graphix.com) 1

2

Diary AGENDA KALENDER Surname Nom/ Name.............................................................................................................. First Name Prénoms/ Vorname.................................................................................................... Home Address Adresse/ Adresse...................................................................................................... Telephone home Téléphone domicile/ Telefon privat............................................................................ Mobile phone Téléphone portable/ Mobiltelefon.............................................................................. Business Address Société/ Firma........................................................................................................... Office telephone Téléphone bureau/ Telefon Büro................................................................................ Telefax Télécopie/ Telefax..................................................................................................... E-mail E-mail........................................................................................................................ 3

Content FOREWORD............................................................................................................... 5 INFORMATION ON THE MEDIA IN WEST AFRICA.................................................... 7 DW-Akademie- Facilitating the diversification of opinion in the world.................................. 32 Thoughts on sub-regional integration..................................................................................... 35 The 2050 vision of the Econimic Community of West African States(ECOWAS).................... 37 An Introduction to ECOWAS......................................................................................... 39 ECOWAS and the daily Events: the Present Realities of the Integration Process within the Sub-Region.................................................................................................. 45 Trading within the ECOWAS Region: Strengths and Weaknesses................................. 49 DIARY/ CALENDAR 2006....................................................................................... 55 THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA................................................................................... 165 Political Structure of Ghana................................................................................................. 168 Economy..................................................................................................................... 170 Human Development.................................................................................................. 174 Special Topics............................................................................................................. 175 ECOWAS.................................................................................................................... 177 Media in Ghana................................................................................................................... 178 Media Organisations................................................................................................... 178 Print Media................................................................................................................. 181 Radio Stations............................................................................................................. 183 Television Stations....................................................................................................... 186 Useful Adresses................................................................................................................... 187 Guidelines for the Publication of Rejoinders......................................................................... 190 National Media Commission- Guidelines for Political Reporting........................................... 192 4

Foreword Staying up to date and keeping well informed are two major challenges this publication intends to help our friends and partners address. After the success and high demand for quite a number of years for our“Journalists Calender” as published in some West African Countries, it was decided to step up the offer and publish an extended version for Ghana as from 2006. You are therefore holding in your hands the maiden issue of the“one-stop reference for Media, Parliament and Advocacy Groups”. We sincerely hope, the information provided will prove useful to practitioners in these fields throughout 2006, be it our compilation of useful addresses on West African Media Organizations otherwise difficult to come by, be it the basic data on population and the economy or other key indicators on the development of the Republic of Ghana. FES is a private educational organization headquartered in Germany, with offices in more than 100 countries worldwide. Formally established in 1969, our cooperation with Ghana is amongst the oldest world wide and the first in Africa. It is our mission to promote democracy and development in our partner countries and at home. As part of this mission for a common future we are trying to contribute our share to: • consolidate a democratic, pluralistic political culture by means of political education for all classes of society; • promote economic reforms and a policy of social justice; • further regional co-operation between states and different interest groups; and • establish a set of common fundamental values for the development of society. The bulk of our 130 and more seminars, workshops, trainings, studies and conferences every year are organized in cooperation with and for the benefit of Media personnel, Members of Parliament and Members of Advocacy Groups. This Agenda 2006 is directed as an additional service to these groups. For further information on FES activities in Ghana, our list of publications etc., please refer to our Website: http://ghana.fes-international.de Jörg Bergstermann Resident Director FES-Ghana 5

6

Information on the media in West Africa 7

1. BENIN General information Area: 12,622 km² Population: 7,250,033 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002 1 : 390$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002 2 : 39.8% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02 3 : 52% Internet Users: 70,000(2003) 4 Radio Set Ownership: 441 per 1,000 pers. Television Set Ownership(2001) 5 : 43.5 per 1,000 pers. World Ranking on Press Freedom by«Reporters without Frontiers»(2003) 6 : Position 29 of 166 Media Organisations Benin Union of Media Chairperson: Contact: Tel: E-mail: Professionals(UPMB) Hervé Wilfrid Adoun, Media House/ 02 BP 425 Porto-Novo +229 90 90 81 22 upmediasbenin@yahoo.fr or folukemi2001@yahoo.fr Benin National Council of Press Employers Manager: Soulé Issa Badarou Contact: 05 BP 436 Cotonou Tel:+229 20 21 47 57/ 20 21 38 40 Fax:+229 21 37 14 E-mail: issabadarou@hotmail.com Regulative Organisations High Authority of the Audio-Visual and Communication Media(HAAC) Chairperson: Ali Zato Contact: Avenue de la Marina face Hôtel du Port 01 BP 3567 RP Cotonou Tel:+229 21 31 17 43/ 21 31 17 44 Fax:+229 21 31 17 42 E-mail: haac@haac-benin.org Web Site: www.haac-benin.org Media Deontology and Ethics Observatory(ODEM) Chairperson: François Awoudo Contact: Akpakpa Ayélawadjè- Immeuble Tall 2nd floor, beside« La loi des Lois» 01 BP 6694 Cotonou Tel:+229 21 37 42 59/ 95 96 85 93 E-mail: odembenin@yahoo.fr ou fawoud@yahoo.fr Web Site: www.mediabenin.org Media House Director: Contact: Tel: E-mail: Jos-Perzo Anago 02 BP 969 Cotonou +229 21 32 08 51/ 90 91 08 09 maisondesmedias@journalist.com 1 Report on World Development, 2004- Services for the poor – World Bank, Washington 2003, Pages 290-301. 2 World Report on Human Development, 2004- UNDP, New York 2004, Pages 141-142. 3 World Report on Human Development, 2004- UNDP, New York 2004, Pages 141-142. 4 The World Factbook- CIA, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook, 6 October, 2004. 5 Social Watch 2004 – The citizen’s report on the quality of life in the world, Social Watch 2004. 6 Second World Ranking on Press Freedom- Reporters without Frontiers, Paris, October, 2003., 7 October 2004. 8

2. BURKINA-FASO General information Surface: 274,200km² Population: 13,574,820 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 220$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 26,6% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2002: 22% Internet Users: 48,000(2003) Radio Set Ownership: 433 per 1000 persons Television Set Ownership: 102.8 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by«Reporters without Frontiers»(2003): position 76 of 166 Media Organisations Burkina Association Journalists(AJB) Chairperson: Jean-Claude Meda Contact: 04 BP 8524 Ouagadougou 04 Tel:+226 50 34 55 88/ 50 34 49 8 Fax:+226 50 34 37 45 E-mail: ajbfaso@hotmail.com Web Site: www.ajb.bf Burkina Association Sports Journalists(AJSB) Chairperson: Alexis Konkobo Contact: 01 BP 2530 Ouagadougou 01 Tel:+226 50 25 31 01/ 50 32 48 52 Fax:+226 50 31 83 93 E-mail: akonkobo@yahoo.fr African Association of the Communication Professionals(APAC) Directrice: Mme Mafarma Sanogo Contact: 03 BP 7029 Ouagadougou Tel:+226 50 32 40 71/ 50 31 04 41 Fax:+226 50 30 53 31/ 04/ 41 E-mail: mafarmas@hotmail.com Press House Director: Contact: Tel: Pierre Wango 03 BP 7045 Ouagadougou 03 +226 50 32 44 04/ 50 32 45 06 Burkina Environment Communicators’ Network(RBCE) Chairperson: Baba Touré Contact: 03 BP 7044 Ouagadougou 03 Tel:+226 50 31 16 80 Fax:+226 50 24 99 90 E-mail: babout@mee.bf Network of Journalists reporting on Traditional Medecin and Pharmacy(RE.JO.ME.TRA) Chairperson: Lamoussa K. Robgo Contact: 01 BP 6534 Ouagadougou 01 Tel:+226 50 26 18 20/ 50 32 46 39 E-mail: lamkorida@yahoo.frsite 9

Association of Publishers and Advertisers of Newspapers in National Languages(AEPJLN) Chairperson: Mme OUEDRAOGO née Ilboudo Henriette Contact: 01 BP 1197 Ouagadougou 01 Head Office Dassasgo Tel:+226 50 36 58 45 E-mail: evazongo@hotmail.com Autonomous Union of Information and Culture Workers Secretary General: Justin Coulibaly Contact: Centre National de la Presse Norbert Zongo 04 BP 8524 Ouagadougou 04 Tel:+226 50 34 37 45/ 50 35 03 15 E-mail: cnpress@fasonet.bf (SYNATIC) Press Freedom Defence League(LDLP) Administrator: Eric Kam Contact: 04 BP 8524 Ouagadougou 04 Tel:+226 50 20 60 07/ 50 20 60 06 Fax:+226 50 34 37 45 E-mail: erikam5@yahoo;fr Press Publishers’ Company(SEP) Chairperson: Boubacar Diallo Contact: Cité An III- 01 BP 3654 Ouagadougou 01 Tel:+226 50 31 41 08/ 50 30 57 39 E-mail: jj@liptinfor.bf Web Site: www.journaldujeudi.com Regulative Organisations Information Supreme Council(CSI) Chairperson: Luc Adolphe Tiao Contact: 290 Avenue Ho Chi Minh BP 6618 Ouagadougou 01 Tel:+226 50 30 11 24 Fax:+226 50 30 11 33 E-mail: csi@fasonet.bf Web Site: www.primature.gov.bf/republic/acc_sci.htm National Press Observatory(ONAP) Chairperson: Bassirou Sanogo Head Office: Centre de Presse N. Zongo Contact: BP 4577 Ouagadougou 01 Tel:+226 50 34 37 45 Fax:+226 50 31 45 50 E-mail: ed.lepays@cenatrin.bf Web Site: www.lepays.bf 10

3- CAPE VERDE General information Media Organisations Population: 415,294 inhbts Official Language: Portuguese Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002:1,290$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 75.7% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2002: 73% Internet Users: 20 400(2003) Radio Set Ownerships: 181 per 1,000 persons Television Set Ownership: 100.7 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by«Reporters without Frontiers»(2003): position 47 of 166 Cap Verde Journalists’ Association(AJOP) Manager: Carvalho Santos Contact: CP 40 A Praia – Cap vert Tel:+238 62 30 25 Fax:+238 62 30 25 Population Journalists’ Network(REJOP) Manager: Isabel Medina Santos Contact: CP 420 A Praia Tel:+238 60 80 08 Fax:+238 60 80 08 E-mail: medisacv@yahoo.com.br 11

4. CÔTE D’IVOIRE General information Surface: 322,462 km² Population: 17,327,724 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 610$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 49.7% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 42% Internet Users: 90,000(2002) Radio Set Ownerships: 183 per 1,000 persons(2001) Television Set Ownerships: 1.9 million(2000) World Ranking on Press Freedom by“Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 137 of 166 Media Organisations National Union of Côte d’Ivoire Journalists(UNJCI) Chairperson: Amos Béonaho Contact: 10 BP 2462 Abidjan 10 Maison de la Presse Tel:+225(0) 70 77 124/ 20 33 10 82 Fax:+225 37 25 45 E-mail: prunjci@unjci.org Web Site: www.unjci.org National Union of Côte d’Ivoire Sports Press(UNAPRESCI) Chairperson: Coulibaly Seydou Contact: 06 BP 681 Abidjan 06 or 1807 Abidjan 01 Head Office: Fraternité Matin Tel:+225 20 37 06 66/ 07 13 42 40 Fax:+225 20 37 25 45 E-mail: cdseydou@yahoo.fr Association of Côte d’Ivoire Political Journalists(AJOPCI) Chairperson: Abel Douali Contact: 01 BP 1807 Abidjan 07 Head Office: Fraternité Matin Tel:+225 20 37 06 66 Ivoirian Association of Economic and Financial Press(AIPEF) Chairperson: Louis S. Amédé Contact: Head Office: Fraternité Matin 01 BP 1807 Abidjan 01 Tel:+225(0) 795 74 32/ 05 00 05 59 Fax:+225 20 37 25 45 E-mail: louisamede@yahoo.fr Web Site: www.fratmat.net Africain Network of Environment Journalists(RACE-CI) Chairperson: David Gouédan Mobio Contact: Head Office: Rue du Burida au II Plateau 08 BP 883 Abidjan 08 Tel:+225(0) 782 96 86 Fax:+225 22 44 24 31 E-mail: race.ci@caramail.com and david.mobio@caramail.com 12

Regulative Organisations National Council of the Audio-Visual Communication(CNCA) Chairperson: Diégou Bailly Contact: Abidjan-Plateau, Position de la République, Imm. EECI, 3rd floor(beside« Air Ivoire») BP V56 Abidjan Tel:+225 20 31 15 83 Fax:+225 20 22 02 83 Observatory of Press Freedom, Ethics and Deontology(OLPED) Chairperson: Samba Koné Contact: Head Office/ MICI- 01 BP 1807 Abidjan 01 Tel:+225(0) 7 03 75 97 E-mail: ksamba@olped.org 13

5- GAMBIA General information Media Organisations Surface: 11,300 km² Population: 1,546,848 inhbts Official Language: English Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 280$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 37.8% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 45% Internet Users: 25,000(2002) Radio Set Ownership: no data Television Set Ownerships: 5,000(2000) World Ranking on Press Freedom by“Reporters without Frontiers” (2003): position 77 of 166 Gambia Press Union(GPU) Chairperson: Demba Jawo Contact: BP 1440 Banjul 78 Mosque Road Serekunda Tel:+220 37 70 20 Fax:+220 37 70 20 E-mail: gpu@ganet.gm 14

6- GHANA General information Media Organisations Surface: 238,540 km² Population: 20,757,032 inhbts Official Language: English Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 270$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 73.8% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 46% Internet Users: 170,000(2002) Radio Set Ownership: 12.5 million(2001) Television Set Ownership: 1.9 million(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by«Reporters without Frontiers»(2003): position 48 of 166 Ghana Journalists Association(GJA) Chairperson: Ajoa Yeboah Afari Contact: Ghana International Press Center Kokomlemle – P.O Set 4636 Accra Tel:+233 21 23 46 92 Fax:+233 21 23 46 94 E-mail: gja@ncs.com.gh Ghana Institute of Journalism(GIJ) Contact: P.O Box 667 Accra Tel:+233 21 22 83 36 Fax:+233 21 22 17 50 E-mail: gja@ncs.com.gh Ghana News Agency(GNA) Chairperson: Robert Kafui Johnson Contact: P.O. Set 2118 Accra Tel:+233 21 66 55 00/ 66 51 35 Fax:+233 21 66 98 41 E-Mail: ghnews@ghana.com Web Site: www.ghananewsagency.com Women In Broadcasting(WIB) Contact: P.O. Set CT 4707 Cantonments- Accra Tel:+233 21 23 00 73 Fax:+233 21 22 11 49/ 22 11 65 E-mail: goklen@ighmail.com Web Site: www.wibghana.com Private Newspaper Association of Ghana(PRINPAG) Chairperson: Nii Laryea Sowah, Contact: P.O. Set 661 Accra Tel:+233 21 23 32 14 Fax::+233 21 22 30 46 15

Regulative Organisations Sportswriters Association of Ghana(SWAG) Chairperson: Joe Aggrey Contact: P.O. Set 742, Accra Tel:+233 21 233 093 Fax:+233 21 669 886 E-mail: graphic@ghana.com Journalists for Human Rights(JHR) Contact: c/o Alexandra Levesque DTD 8, First Street- Kuku Hill OSU Accra Tel:+233(0) 244 61 29 80 E-mail: nana@jhr.ca Web Site: www.jhr.ca National Media Commission(NMC) Executive Secretary: George MacBadji Contact: Former GIHOC Headquaters Gamal Abdul Nasser Avenue P.O. Set T 114 Accra Tel:+233 21 66 24 09 Fax:+233 21 66 63 25 E-mail: ethel@ncs.com.gh 16

7- GUINEA General information Surface: 245,860 km² Population: 9,246,462 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 410$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 41% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 29% Internet Users: 40,000(2003) Radio Set Ownership: 52 per 1,000 persons Television Set Ownership: 44.5 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by“Reporters without Frontiers” (2003): position 109 of 166 Media Organisations Regulative Organisations Guinean Association of Independent Press Publishers(AGEPI) Manager: Souleymane Diallo Contact: Sandervalia BP 4968 Conakry Tel:+224 41 23 85 Fax:+224 45 36 96 E-mail: lelynx@mirinet.net.gn Guinea Journalists’ Association(AJG) Chairperson: Fodé Bouya Fofana Contact: Manquepas- Almamya BP 391 Conakry Tel:+224 11 29 04 61 Fax:+224 11 29 04 61/ 45 14 08 E-mail: hawacamille@yahoo.fr and bouyahfofana@yahoo.fr National Council for Communication(CNC) Manager: Emile Tompapa Contact: Boulbinet BP 2955 Conakry Tel:+224 45 10 96 Fax:+224 45 10 97 E-mail: jr_soumah@yahoo.fr Guinean Media Observatory(OGUIDEM) Manager: Abdoulaye Top Sylla Contact: Boulbinet BP 4968 Conakry Tel:+224 41 14 10 17

8- GUINEA-BISSAU General information Surface: 36,120 km² Population: 1,388,363 inhbts Official Language: Portugoese Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 150$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 39.6% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 37% Internet Users: 19,000(2003) Radio Set Ownership 204 per 1,000 persons Television Set Ownership: 35.9 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by“ Reporters without Frontiers“(2003): position 118 over 166 Media Organisation Guinea-Bissau Journalists Association(AJGB) Manager: Aniceto Alves Contact: CP 54-1011 Bissau Codex Av. do Brasil Tel:+245 21 37 13 Fax:+245 21 37 28 National Association of Young Jornalists(ANJJ) Manager: Meta Camara Contact: CP 54-1011 Codex Av. Unidade Africana N° 49 Tel:+245 21 37 13 Fax:+245 21 37 28 Trade Union of Social Communication Professionals(Sinprocos) Manager: Tcherno Cali Balde Contact: Av. Amilcar Cabral Tel:+245 20 10 36 Fax:+245 20 34 63 Guinea-Bissau Journalists Trade Union Manager: Ricardo Semedo Contact: CP 191 Bissau Tel:+245 21 24 26 Fax:+245 21 30 73 Casa da Imprensa Manager: Contact: Meta Camara CP 633 Bissau Av. Unidade Africana N° 49 18

9- LIBERIA General information Media Organisations Surface: 111,370 km² Population: 3,390 635 inhbts Official Language: English Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 150$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2003: 57.5% 1 Scholarship Rate in 2002: No data Internet Users: 1,000(2001) Radio and Television Sets Ownership: No data World Ranking on Press Freedom by“ Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 132 of 166 Press Union of Liberia(PUL) Chairperson: Deddeh Sua Contact: P.O. Box 20-4209 Clay Street, Monrovia Tel:+231 22 71 05 Fax:+277 47 51 33 76 E-mail: pressunionofliberia@yahoo.com Foreign Correspondents Association of Liberia(FOCAL) Manager: Jonathan Paye-Layleh Contact: c/o BBC Liberia Office YMCA Building Monrovia 1 The World Factbook- CIA, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook, 6. October 2004 19

10- MALI General information Media Organisations Surface: 1,240,190 km² Population: 11,956,788 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 240$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2003: 46.4% Scholarship Rate in 2002: No data Internet Users: 25,000(2002) Radio Set Ownership: 180 per 1,000 persons Television Set Ownership: 17.1 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Fredom by“Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 57 over 166 Mali National Union of Journalists(UNAJOM) Chairperson: Ibrahim Famakan Coulibaly Contact: BP 141 Bamako Tel:+223 643 2 8 31/ 222 45 53/ 222 29 15 Fax:+223 54 78 E-mail: ibrafam@yahoo.fr Association of Journalists for the Promotion of Professionalism(AJPP) Chairperson: Sangho Ibrahim Contact: BP 2456 Darsalam Bamako Maison de la Presse Tel:+223 222 19 15/ 673 77 73/ 222 19 15/ 220 03 41 Fax:+223 223 54 78 E-mail: isanajpp@yahoo.fr Web Site: www.mediamali.org Union of Independent Radio and Television Stations of Mali(URTEL) Chairperson: Yaya Sangaré Contact: Av. de l’OUA Sogoniko BP E 1583 Bamako Tel:+223 220 27 47/ 220 83 37/ 644 00 12 Fax:+223 220 27 47 E-mail: ysangare@afribone.net.ml and urtel@afribone.net.ml Association of Private Press Women Chairperson: Mariam Sacko Contact: BP E 2802 Bamako Maison de la Presse Tel:+223 672 16 14/ 22 19 15 E-mail: mariasacko@yahoo.fr Network of Economic Journalists of Mali(RJEM) Chairperson: Hawoye Touré Contact: BP E 171 Bamako Tel:+223 221 20 19/ 277 16 67 Fax:+223 221 07 34 20

Regulative Organisations Journalists’ Network of Mali for Poverty Alleviation and Eradication of Corruption(RMJLCP) Chairperson: Yéro Diallo Contact: Rue 497, Porte 295 Badialan III BP E 289 Bamako Tel:+223 222 75 68/ 674 59 50/ 673 00 14 Fax:+223 222 75 68/ 222 71 81 E-mail: tambourj@yahoo.fr Supreme Council for Communication(CSC) Chairperson: Moussa Keita Contact: BP E 1856 Bamako Tel:+223 223 21 01/ 02 Fax:+223 223 21 02 E-mail: csc_moussa@hotmail.com National Committee for Equal Access to the State Media Chairperson: Tiémoko Macalou Contact: BP 2160 Bamako Route de Koulouba au Darssalam Tel:+223 223 78 09 Fax:+223 223 81 62 E-mail: mthiemoko@hotmail.com Observatory for Press Deontology and Ethics(ODEP) Chairperson: Sambi Touré Contact: BP E 4020 Bamako Tel:+223 222 27 99/ 223 82 09/ 675 08 71 Fax:+223 223 82 27 E-mail: odepmali@yahoo.fr and stoure@info_matin.com Web Site: www.info-matin.com Djoliba Centre Director: Tel: Fax: E-mail: Jean de Dieu DACOUO + 223 222 83 32 + 223 222 46 50 djoliba@malinat.ml and centredjoliba@afribone.net.ml 21

11- NIGER General information Surface: 1,267,000 km² Population: 11,360 538 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 170$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 17.1% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 19% Internet Users: 15,000(2002) Radio and Television Sets Ownership: No data World Ranking on Press Freedom by“Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 68 of 166 Media Organisations Regulative Organisations Niger Journalists’ Association(AJN) Chairperson: M. Dalatou Malam Mamane Contact: BP 13182 Niamey Tel:+227 73 34 86 Fax:+227 73 34 87/ 73 30 90 E-mail: anpniger@intnet.ne& onep@intnet.ne Niger Association of Independant Press Publishers(ANEPI) Chairperson: GUREMA Boucar Contact: BP 195 Niamey s/c KANE Illa, Head Office: Radio Anfani Tel:+227 73 52 78/ 93 73 72/ 33 03 03 Fax:+227 73 41 42 E-mail: imprim@intnet.ne& illa.kane@caramail.com Web Site: www.tamtaminfo.com National Trade Union of Private Press Workers(SYNTRAPREP) Manager: Soubdou Yaou(y.soubdou@caramail.com) Contact: BP 10128 Niamey Tel:+227 73 65 75/ 73 65 76 Fax:+227 96 58 02 E-mail: syntraprep@ondikoi.com Union of Private Press Journalists of Niger(UJPN) Chairperson: Abdoulaye Moussa Massalaki Contact: BP 11776 Niamey Tel:+227 73 47 93 E-mail: mass@intnet.ne Association of Private Radio Stations Promoters of Niger(APRPN) Chairperson: Mayaki Yacouba Contact: BP 13294 Niamey Tel:+227 73 77 77/ 89 09 09 Fax:+227 73 84 87 E-mail: hambally_haoua@yahoo.fr Supreme Council for Communication(CSC) Chairperson: Mme Mariama KEITA Contact: B.P. 11284 Niamey Tel:+227 72 23 56 Fax:+227 72 26 67 E-mail: csc@intnet.ne 22

12. NIGERIA General information Surface: 923,770 km² Population: 137,253,133 inhbts Official Language: English Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 290$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 66.8% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 45% Internet Users: 750 000(2003) Radio Set Ownership: No data Television Set Ownership: 67.6 per 1000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Fredom by“Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 103 of 166 Media Organisations Independent Media Center of Nigeria Contact: PO Set 894 Benin City E-mail: nigeriaimc@yahoo.com Web Site: www.nigeria.indymedia.org Independent Journalism Center(IJC) Contact: 27 Acme Road Ogba PO Set 7808, Ikeja Lagos Tel:+234 01 492 49 98/ 492 43 14/ 815 92 63 E-mail: ijcmonitor@yahoo.com Web Site: www.ijc-nigeria.org Nigerian Guild of Editors(NGD) Lagos Chairperson: Ray Ekpu Contact: c/o IPS, Nan Complex Iganmu Tel:+234 01 585 09 12 E-mail: remiips@infoweb.abs.net Nigerian Union of Journalists(NUJ) Chairperson: Smart Adeyemi Contact: Area 11, Garki Adjacent, Corporate Affairs Commission(FCT) Tel:+234 09 234 301 5 Fax:+234 09 234 301 7 Journalists for Democratic Rights(JODER) Contact: 14, Aina Eleko Street, OnigbongboMaryland Tel:+234 01496 07 06/ 473 83 43 E-mail: joder@infoweb.abs.net Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria Contact: 45 Martins Street, Secrétaire Exécutif: Osita Nweke Tel:+234 01 266 9399 African Media Support Contact: 14, Aina Eleko Street, OnigbongboMaryland Tel:+234 01496 07 06/ 473 83 43 E-mail: mediasupport@infoweb.abs.net 23

Centre for Free Speech Contact: 9,Bayo Shodipe Street, Off Afisman Drive, Off Obafemi Awolowo Way, Anifowose Ikeja Tel:+234 01 792 58 68 E-mail: freexpression2002@yahoo.com richardakinnola@yahoo.com DiamondAwards for Media Excellence(DAME) Contact: 9, James Robertson Street, Off Akerele Road, Surulere Tel:+234 01 585 14 66/ 833 168 E-mail: dame2001@hyperia.com Web Site: www.diamond-plublication.com Development Communications Network(DEVCOM) Contact: 26, Abebola Street, Off Adeniran Ogunsanya Street Suru-Lere Tel:+234 01 774 83 97/ 08033053713/ 0803348690 E-mail: devcom@yahoo.com/ mracnigeria@yahoo.coms International Press Center(IPC) Contact: 11, Dideolu Estate, Ogba Ikedja P.O. Box 56282 Falomo, Lagos Tel:+234 01 492 12 92/ 492 55 68/ 811 24 22 E-mail: ipn@ipcng.org Web Site: www.ipcnn.org Media Right Agenda(MRA) Contact: 10, Agboola Aina Street, Off Amore Street, Off Toyin Street Ikeja P.O. Box 52113 Ikoyi Tel:+234 01 481 91 62/ 493 60 33-4 Fax:+234 01 493 08 31 E-mail: pubs@mediarightsagenda.org Web Site: www.internews.org/mra Free Press Inititive Contact E-mail : 25, Ajayi Road, Ogba : pintiative@lyaos.com Regulative Organisations National Broadcasting Commission Director General: Malam Danladi Bako Contact: Plot 807, Ibrahim Taiwo Road, Asoroko Abuja Tel:+234 09 314 75 26/ 09 314 75 27 Fax:+234 09 314 527 E-mail: info@nbc.org Web Site: www.nbc-ng.org Nigerian Press Council(NPC) Manager: Hadj Alade Odunewu Contact: Plot 210 Shehu Shagari Way, Asoroko Abuja 24

13- SENEGAL General information Surface: 196,720 km² Population: 10,852 147 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 470$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 39.3% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 38% Internet Users: 225,000(200 3) Radio Set Ownership: 126 per 1000 persons Television Set Ownership: 78.7 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by"Reporters without Frontiers"(2003): position 66 of 166 Media Organisations Regulative Organisations Trade Union of Social (SYNPICS) Secretary General Contact Tel Fax E-mail Information and Communication Professionals : Alpha Abdallah Sall : 17, boulevard de la République BP 21722, Dakar-Ponty :+221 842 01 41/ 633 47 31/ 842 42 56 :+221 842 02 69 : synpics@sentoo.sn& wajaujao@yahoo.fr Network of Journalists for Human Rights Protection(REJDDHO) Chairperson Contact Tel Fax E-mail : Siky Dieng : 2404 Allées Seydou Nourou Tall BP 15 246 Dakar-Fann :+221 541 00 73/ 651 61 70 :+221 824 60 52 : rejddho@yahoo.fr ou raddho@telecomplus.sn Senegalese Press Agency Chairperson: Mamadou KOUME Contact: 58, Boulevard de la République, BP 117 Dakar Tel:+221 821 14 27 Fax:+221 822 07 67 E-mail: aps@aps.sn Web Site: www.aps.sn Association of Economic Journalists(COJES) Chairperson: Cheikh Thiam Tel:+221 822 29 32/ 637 26 27 E-mail: cheikhthiam@yahoo.fr Directorate of Communication Director: Modou Ngom Contact: 58, Boulevard de la République BP 4027, Dakar Tel:+221 821 17 20 Fax:+221 821 52 16 E-mail: modou_ngom@yahoo.fr 25

Audio-Visual High Council(HCA) Chairperson: Aminata Cissé Niang Contact: Boulevard Djily Mbaye/ Imm. Fahd, 15e étage BP 559 Dakar RP Tel:+221 823 47 84 Fax:+221 823 47 85 E-mail: hca@sesntoo.sn Council for the Respect of Ethical Conduct and Deontology(CRED) Chairperson: Kader Diop Contact: BP 18233 Dakar Tél:+221 864 03 85 Fax:+221 864 03 84 Commission for the Press National Card(CCNP) Permanent Secretary: Pierre Sakho Contact: 58, Boulevard de la République Head Office: Ministère de l’Information BP 4027 Dakar Tel:+221 821 17 20/ 823 60 13 Fax:+221 821 52 16 E-mail: direct_com@yahoo.fr 26

14- SIERRA LEONE General information Surface: 71,740 km² Population: 5,883,889 inhbts Official Language: English Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 140$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 36% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 45% Internet Users: 8,000(2002) Radio and Television Sets Ownership: No data World Ranking on Press Freedom by“Reporters without Frontiers”(2003): position 87 over 166 Media Organisations Association of Independent Journalists Chairperson: Paul Kamara Contact: 1, Short Street, Freetown Tel:+232 22 80 62/ 22 80 71 Fax:+232 22 80 71 Sierra Leone Association of Journalists(SLAJ) Chairperson: Alhaji Ibrahim Ben Kargbo Contact: 82 Pademba Road, Freetown Tel:+232(22) 22 74 66/ 26 31 74 Fax:+232(22) 22 44 39 E-mail: slajsalone@hotmail.com Site Web: www.ifj.org Regulative Organisations Independent Media Commission Manager: Frances Conteh Contact: 54 Siaka Stevens Street, Freetown Tel:+232 22 18 41 Fax:+232 22 18 41 27

15- TOGO General information Media Organisations Surface: 56,790 km² Population: 5,556,812 inhbts Official Language: French Gross Domestic Income per Capita in 2002: 270$ Adult Literacy Rate(15 years and above) in 2002: 59.6% Cumulative Scholarship Rate(from Primary to University Levels) 2001/02: 67% Internet Users: 210,000(2003) Radio Set Ownership: No data Television Set Ownership: 36.5 per 1,000 persons(2001) World Ranking on Press Freedom by"Reporters without Frontiers"(2003): position 95 of 166 Union of Independent Journalists of Togo(UJIT) Secretary General: Peter Dogbé Contact: BP 6035 Lomé Tel:+228 220 12 00/ 905 80 30 Fax:+228 226 13 70/ 220 12 01 E-mail: ujit@media.togo.org ou Petdog2@yahoo.fr Union of Free Radio and Television of Togo(URATEL) Chairperson: Peter Dogbé Contact: BP 6035 Lomé Tel:+228 905 80 30 Fax:+228 220 12 01 E-mail: petdog2@yahoo.fr Togolese Association of Sports Journalists(ATJS) Chairperson: Mana Palanga Contact: 01 BP 3614 Lomé Tel:+228 225 99 52/ 904 21 09/ 948 15 28 Fax:+228 221 45 46 E-mail: mpalanga22@yahoo.fr Journalism Director Contact Tel Fax E-mail Web Site House : : : : : : Lawson Drackey Mensah Daniel BP 81213 Lomé +228 226 13 00 +228 226 13 70 maisondujournalisme@ids.tg www.mediatogo.org Togolese Association of Private Press Publishers Chairperson: Holonnou Hounkpati Contact: BP 6125 Lomé Tel:+228 904 45 43/ 944 70 14 Fax:+228 271 46 16 E-mail: jcarrefour@yahoo.fr (ETEPP) 28

Free Trade Union of the Communication Profession(SYNLICO) Secretary General: AYENA Mathias Contact: BP 3286 Lomé Tel:+228 221 24 91/ 221 24 92 Regulative Organisations High Authority for the Audio-Visual and Communication Media (HAAC) Chairperson: Philippe Evegno Contact: BP 8697 Lomé Head Office: Agbalépédo Tel:+228 250 16 78/ 79 Togolese Media Observatory(OTM) Chairperson: Francis Pedro Amuzun Contact: BP 61049 Lomé Head Office: Maison du Journalisme Tel:+228 946 00 36 Fax:+228 226 13 00/ 226 13 70 E-mail: famuzun@hotmail.com 29

Sub-Regional Organisations/ International Organisations within ECOWAS Member Countries International Press Union Guinean Section Manager Contact Tel Fax : Naman Camara : Manquepas BP 5122 Conakry :+224 45 44 61 :+224 45 56 23 Interprofessional Union of French-speaking Journalists and Press Malian Section Manager Contact Tel Fax E-mail Nigerien Section Manager Contact Tel E-mail : Mahamane Cissé : BP 1258 Bamako Lafiabougou :+223 229 18 622 :+223 229 98 35 : hameycisse@yahoo.fr : Albert Chaibou : BP 11064 Niamey :+227 73 24 25 : albert_chaibou@caramail.com Francophone Press Union(UPF) Beninese Section Manager Contact Tel E-mail : Christophe Davakan : 03 BP 432 Cotonou :+229 32 70 50 : chrisdavak@yahoo.fr Union of National Radio and Televisions Broadcasting Corporations of Africa(URTNA) Senegalese Section Chairperson Secretary General Contact Tel Fax E-mail : Ibrahima Ndiaye, : Abelhamid Bouksami : 101, rue Carnot/ BP 3237, Dakar :+221 821 59 70 :+221 822 51 13 : urtnadkar@telecomplus.sn Association of African Communication Professionals(APAC) APAC- Burkina Chairperson Contact Tel Fax E-mail APAC- Mali Chairperson Contact Tel E-mail : Mafarma Sanogo : 03 BP 7029 Ouagadougou 03 :+226 32 40 71/ 31 04 41/ 25 30 53 :+226 31 04 41 : mafarmas@hotmail.com : Massiré Yattassaye : BP 7070 Av. de l'OUA Sogoninko Bamako :+223 639 70 78 : apacmy-mali@yahoo.fr 30

APAC-Niger Chairpersone Contact Tel Fax E-mail : Zara Maïna : BP 361 Niamey :+227 72 32 72 :+227 72 31 55 : zmaina2002@yahoo.fr APAC- Senegal Secrétaire Administratif Contact Tel Fax : Aida Soumaré Diop : S/C SYNPICS17, Boulevard de la République BP 21722 Dakar-Ponty :+221 849 77 49 :+221 849 77 45 International Federation of Journalists(FIJ) Union of West African Journalists(UJAO) Media Foundation for West Africa Coordinator Contact Tel Fax E-mail Web Chairperson Contact Tel Fax E-mail Fax E-mail Contact Tel Fax E-mail Web Site : Modou Mamoune Faye Bureau Régional pour l’Afrique : 17, Boulevard de la République BP 21722 Dakar-Ponty SENEGAL :+221 842 01 42 :+221 842 02 69 : ifjafrica@sentoo.sn : http:// www.ifjafrique.org : Kabral Blay Amihere : BP 21722, Dakar-Ponty :+221 842 01 41/ 633 47 31 :+221 842 02 69 : synpicsujao@sentoo.sn :+221 842 02 69 : synpicsujao@sentoo.sn : P. O. Set LG 730 Legon Accra :+233 21 24 24 70 :+233 21 22 10 84 : mfwa@mfwaonline.org : www.mfwaonline.org 31

DW-Akademie Facilitating the diversification of opinion in the world Starting from January 2004, all the departments of the Deutsche Welle striving towards the training and re-training objectives in Journalism as a profession, have been incorporated into the DW-Akademie. This includes the Deutsche Welle Training Centre(DWTC), which addresses media professionals from developing countries or Eastern Europe. Radio and Television Training Centre Providing training to our partners worldwide The Deutsche Welle Training Centre was set up in 1965 as an instrument of the German Media Cooperation. By now, the centre offers a wide range of training projects designed for radio and television professionals. Over18,000 journalists, radio and television managers, and technicians from developing countries and Eastern Europe have hitherto participated in the courses provided by the Deutsche Welle Training Centre. All of them have been able to broaden their professional knowledge, enjoy innovative experiences, and establish international links. Presently, many of them occupy leading positions in their respective country. The DW Training Centre’s ambition is to be a forum for intercultural dialogue between communication experts worldwide. It is working in close collaboration with partner stations and training centres around the globe. Broadly speaking, the centre is operating thanks to subsidies from the Federal Ministry of Cooperation and Economic Development (BMZ). Workshops are organised both in Germany- Bonn and Berlin – and on the spot in the partners countries. English is the main working language; yet there are also programmes in French and Spanish. Other languages are used with the assistance of translators. The overriding principle of the Deutsche Welle Training Centre is the osventation workshops that according its clients' demands to ensure suit the partners' needs.. The key areas are: • Journalism • Stations’ Management • Technical Issues • Training of Trainers The participation in the Training Centre’s workshops is exclusively reserved for officers manning radio and television stations in developing countries and Eastern Europe. The Centre considers its working programme as a contribution towards the development and organisation of the partner stations. Generally speaking, only official applicants to the station are admitted. Invitations to the workshops are directly addressed to the partners or conveyed to the appropriate Radio Stations through the German representations abroad. The interested stations appoint their candidates in accordance with the stated requirements and forward their request to the DWFZ Centre. 32

The basic criteria for any participation in the programme of the Deutsche Welle Training Centre are as follows: • An excellent knowledge of the language in which the course is run. • Several years of experience in the working field adelsened by the course. In principle, the courses are limited to twelve participants. The duration of the courses run in Germany for the Radio Service in Bonn is 2 to 4 weeks, while it is 5 to 8 weeks for the TV Service in Berlin. Courses run abroad generally last 2 to 3 weeks(radio and television). For full and detailed information on the Centre’s workshops and projects, please visit our Internet site as well(www.dw-training.de) 33

34

Thoughts on sub-regional integration 35

36

THE 2050 VISION OF THE ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES(ECOWAS) - AS SEEN BY THE YOUNG TRADE UNION LEADERS « This giant, majestic and prosperous tree represents the ECOWAS in 2050: a political and economic geographic space which shares its prosperity with the rest of Africa and the world while protecting itself against the negative effects of the global. market. An entity that is fed by a kind of sap, the ingredients of which are made up of integrated and harmonised development programmes. A regional body whose roots draw strengths from good governance, dialogue and peace culture.» Pascal Kéré, CSB- Burkina Faso Within the framework of the 3rd edition of the Summer University organised by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung at the Regional Health Institute(IRSP), Ouidah, Benin, Summer University Université d‘été 2005 from 22 to 25 August, 2005, on the topic:" Regional Integration within the ECOWAS geographic space", twenty-four(24) young trade union leaders from Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo were, by way of a participative and dynamic process, able to define their vision of the ECOWAS by 2050. Through training and communications sessions, the participants were made to realise that thirty years after its birth, the ECOWAS has not been able to attain its objective, namely promoting regional integration and cooperation through the setting-up of an Economic and Monetary Union towards raising the living standard of the people living in the region. The concept –umbrella- represents integration called ECOWAS. Umbrella is However, important achievements have been attained in the areas of free movement of persons, development an indication of love, unity and peace. These of the West African road map, Energy, Agriculture, three ingredients form the basis for Telecommunications, Human Development, Conflicts agreement, of course, these are expected Prevention, Peace Keeping, Democracy and Good to exist among the ECOWAS countries for the realisation of ECOWAS’ golden objectives. The ingredients will enhance strong and Governance, along with the evolvement of common stands in international negotiations. positive relationship and shield the region from any negative forces. Two people can be under one umbrella only in good agreement with the purpose of protecting themselves from either scorching sun or rain i.e. negative forces. Following the presentation of the respective Papers, each participant expressed, with a natural touch, through individual sketch, his own vision of the ECOWAS geographic space by 2050. All those improvised sketches were classified into three boards by a professional artist. Thereafter, the sketches were translated into the Tunde Olagoke, NUCFRLAMPE, Nigeria following vision of ECOWAS by 2050" A prosperous State with real free movement of goods and persons, developed road, railway and air infrastructure, an interconnected and performing communication network, a state-of-the-art scientific research, a regional space wherein peace, good governance and solidarity prevail". Based on this problematic, the participants in the 2005 Summer University expressed their following dream for ECOWAS by 2050: "A united, peaceful and stable nation striving to achieve progress and sustainable development" 37

38

An Introduction to ECOWAS West Africa can be described as a piece of gold, as the region can compete with any other in the world in natural resources such as oil, diamonds, gold, bauxite and even uranium. West Africa, with 220 million inhabitants, has a huge economic potential if it is able to create a common market and deepen its regional integration. But it is still one of the poorest regions in the world: poverty, illiteracy and social discord remain the regions greatest challenges for the 21 th century. The Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS) was founded in 1975 to promote cooperation and integration in West Africa and thus to raise of the living standards of its people by fostering the relations among Member states, consorting trade liberalization schemes and enhancing development in all sectors of society. It is the aim of ECOWAS to achieve an economic and monetary union- consisting of a common market, common currency and harmonized trade schemes-, to encourage good governance and democracy, fight the instability of the region and to ensure sustainable development in West Africa. But after 15 years of existence ECOWAS has not been able to fulfil its main goal, the creation of a common market. In 1993, its treaty had to be revised and adapted to the political reality. Today, after Mauritania left ECOWAS in 2002, it includes the following 15 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape-Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra-Leone and Togo. Institutions The most important institutions of ECOWAS are the Authority of Heads of State and Government, the council of Ministers, the Executive Secretariat, the Community Parliament and the Community Council. There are also the Economic and Social Council, ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development(EBID), ECOWAS Regional Development Fund(ERDF), ECOWAS Regional Investment Bank(ERIB), West African Monetary Agency(WAMA), West African Health Organization(WAHO) and other specialized technical commissions. The Authority of Heads of State and Government The Authority is the supreme institution of ECOWAS and is composed of the Heads of States and Government of the Member states. The Authority is responsible for the general policy and major guidelines of ECOWAS, oversees the Community institutions, appoints the Executive Secretary and can appeal the Court of Justice when necessary. It meets at least once a year and is chaired by a member state elected by the Authority. Decisions are made either by unanimity, consensus or by two-thirds majority and are binding on member states and institutions of ECOWAS. The Council of Ministers The Council of Ministers consists of two Ministers of each member state. It is responsible for the development of the community and supervises it. The Council prepares the summit of the Heads of States and Governments and approves work programs and the budget of the community and its institutions. It meets twice a year and is headed by the minister of ECOWAS Affairs of the member state elected as Chairman of the Authority. 39

The Executive Secretariat The Executive Secretariat is the executive organ of ECOWAS. It is responsible for the execution of protocols adopted by the Authority and the Council of Ministers and has to overview the budget of the community, although admonitions of the Executive Secretariat are not binding the member states. The Head of the Executive Secretariat is the Executive Secretary. He is appointed by the Authority and his deputy Executive Secretaries by the Council of Ministers. They are elected for a 4-year term renewable once. Only the Authority can remove the Executive Secretary from office either on its own initiative or by recommendation of the Council of Ministers. Being the representative of the Community, the Executive Secretary has to be neutral and loyal only to the Community. The Community Parliament The Community Parliament was established March 2002 and represents the all the people of the Community. It has two ordinary sessions a year, which may not exceed three months. It is mainly concerned with media, telecommunication, energy, health and educational policy, but it also considers human right issues and questions concerning security and integration policy. For now, the Parliament only plays an advisory role. Thus it can make recommendations on its own initiative and also can be consulted on issues mentioned above. Each member state has a minimum of five seats and the remaining seats are shared on the basis of population. Therefore, Nigeria has 35, Ghana eight, Cote d'Ivoire seven, while Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Senegal have six seats each. Benin, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Togo- have five seats each. The Parliamentarians are members of the National Assemblies or equivalent institutions who stay in office for 5 years. During that time, they are not allowed to be active in a government or any other community institution. The Court of Justice The Court of Justice came into being in 2002. The Court is responsible for the observance of the law and interpretation and application of the provisions of the Treaty. It also decides when disputes arise between Member States and the institutions of the Community on the interpretation of the provisions of the Treaty or when disputes between two Member States or institutions of the Community relating to the interpretation of the provisions of the Treaty can not be settled amicably. These decisions- justified and read in open court- shall be final and immediately enforceable. Deliberations are secret and decisions taken by a majority of its members. There are 7 judges at the court, who are appointed by the member states for a period of five years renewable once. As members of the Court of Justice, judges are immune and can not to be prosecuted for acts carried out or statements during their turn. ACHIEVEMENTS Since 1975, ECOWAS has been engaged in many areas of development by setting up programmes and strengthening regional cooperation. It has organized activities in the economic, social and security sector. Economic sector The Authority adopted the Protocol on free movement of persons, which abolishes the visa and entry permit and gives citizens of Member States with a valid travel document and international vaccination certificates the right of residence and establishment for a maximum of ninety days even without permission. The travel certificate meanwhile exists in Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, although different colours, formats and qualities are 40

found. Adopted harmonized immigration and emigration forms have not been introduced yet. As monitoring agencies of the protocols concerning the free movement of goods and persons, some Member States already have established national committees though they still have to be improved. Despite all this, obstacles like administrative harassment and extortion at border posts as well as security check points remain. The main objective of ECOWAS is the creation of a Free Trade Area and elimination of customs duties and taxes of equivalent effect on goods and approved products as well as the removal of non-tariff barriers on trade of goods within Member States was adopted by the Authority in 1990. But up to now, goods continue to be subjected to undue control and only Benin has lowered tariffs on goods originating from within the Community. ECOWAS also consorted custom documents, regulations and formalities, established the Organization of regional ECOWAS Trade fairs and created the West African monetary institute (WAMI), which aims at the creation of the second regional currency(ECO) and the harmonization of monetary and fiscal policies as well as payment systems. A key element to deepen integration is good infrastructure. Approximately 9000km of roads have been built, in addition to 11000km of interconnection roads. Also in the air and maritime transport sector, further liberalization and harmonization have been adopted. In the telecommunications sector, the INTELCOM I programme created a network of automatic telephone, telex and telefax links through the Member States and they are going to be expanded by INTELCOM II programme that will provide a more modern and reliable network. As for the Energy sector, ECOWAS is engaged with the development of hydro-electric dams in Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, Mali, Togo and Benin, thermal plants in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria. Furthermore, there is the West African Gas Pipeline Project which is going to supply Nigeria, Ghana, Benin and Togo with energy out of Nigerian natural gas and over 5600km of electricity lines will be put in place. For rural areas ECOWAS is also supporting renewable sources of energy, such as solar energy, biomass, mini and micro hydro-electric. Social sector Sustainable Development does not only need programmes in the economic sector, but also in the social sector. ECOWAS has set up the West African Health Organization(WAHO) and laws on drug control are being harmonised. A Gender Development Centre was established and Gender policy adopted. A protocol on education and training was also adopted by the Authority, and the Decade of Education in West Africa declared. ECOWAS founded the ECOWAS Youth and Sport Development Centre, created socio-Professional organizations and awarded three prizes of excellence in African pharmacopoeia(1997), Literature(1999) and HIV/AIDS best practice. Security sector Peace and regional security are crucial factors for development in West Africa. Thus, in 1978 a non-aggression protocol, in 1981 a defence assistance protocol and in 1991 a declaration of political principles were adopted. The war in Liberia led to the establishment of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group(ECOMOG) in 1990. Apart from Liberia, ECOMOG intervened in Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau. The crises in the region stressed the importance of an improved mechanism for conflict prevention and management as well as the fight against the insecurity of the region. ECOWAS therefore adopted the Declaration of a moratorium on importation, exportation and manufacture of light weapons in West Africa in 1998 and the ECOWAS Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security in 1999. The Mechanism establishes institutions and formulates policies to prevent, manage and resolve internal and interState conflicts. Furthermore it strengthens cooperation in the areas of preventive diplomacy, 41

conflict prevention, early-warning and peace-keeping operations. But most importantly, it authorises interventions in Member States if there is an internal conflict threatening to trigger a humanitarian disaster or a serious threat to peace and security in the sub-region or an overthrow of a democratically elected government. Furthermore, in 2001, the Authority adopted a supplementary protocol of the ECOWAS Mechanism, the Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance. This document contains among other things the Constitutional convergence principles, rule of law, human rights and good governance. The supplementary protocol is a comprehensive consideration of the necessary reform steps towards social peace in the Member States of ECOWAS. CHALLENGES Though ECOWAS has achieved many things, there still remains a lot to be done, especially where the main objective of ECOWAS is concerned. The economic policy, the implementation of protocols is still on a low level. The aim of creating a common market with one currency declared in 1975 is still far from becoming a reality. ECOWAS and UEMOA had planed to harmonise their fiscal and trade policies as well as trade liberation schemes in order to merge in 2004. Regrettably, due to the failed establishment of the secondary currency zone scheduled for 2003, the merger could not take place. In addition, the obligations the member states incurred concerning the free movement of persons and goods as well as the ECOWAS macro-economic convergence criteria have not been fulfilled yet. Most of the member states owe different ECOWAS institutions large amounts of money, which slow down the integration process and the implementation of community programmes. However, the community levy, a 0.5% tax on all imports from non ECOWAS Member States, helps to secure the funding of ECOWAS. As for the infrastructure programmes, ECOWAS has set up ambitious programmes in the telecommunications(INTELCOM II) and the energy sector(West African Gas Pipeline Project), while the construction of interstate roads and the INTELCOM I programme have already been completed. The most impressive progress however has been made in the security sector. As far as the adopted protocols are concerned, it can be considered as a model for regional security mechanism. Sadly, the implementation of the protocols is far behind schedule, as only seven Member States have ratified the Mechanism so far. The ECOWAS Executive Secretariat hopes that by the end of 2005, at least the Mechanism will come into force. The crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has also shown that ECOWAS can not act against the will of one of the more important states. One of the main problems in ECOWAS today is that it is underfinanced and therefore understaffed. The implementation of ECOWAS protocols is also another one of its main problems. So the challenge for ECOWAS Executive Secretariat in the near future is to strengthen the political will within the Member States regarding the realisation of ratification and domestication of adopted protocols. 42

CONTACT ADDRESSES ECOWAS EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT 60, Yakubu Gowon Crescent, Asokoro District P.M.B. 401 Abuja- Nigeria Tel:+234(9) 31 47 647-9 Fax:+234(9) 31 43 005/ 31 47 646 info@ecowas.int ECOWAS BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT(EBID) 128, Boulevard du 13 janvier, BP 2704 Lome- Togo Tel:+228 21-68-64 Fax:+228 21 86 84 info-fund@ecowas.int www.bidc-ebid.org ECOWAS PARLIAMENT Mmm Halima AHMED- General Secretaire ECOWAS Parliament secgen@parl.ecowas.int OUSMANE SADE Information Technology Officer ECOWAS Parliament Tel:+234-9-6702152/ 5240620 Fax:+234-9-2347722 osade@parl.ecowas.int ECOWAS COURT OF JUSTICE Hon. Justice Hansine N. Donli President, Community Court of Justice, ECOWAS Plot 1137, Dar es Salaam Crescent, Off Aminu Kano Crescent,Wuse II, Abuja- Nigeria Tel+234 09 5240780 Fax:+234 09 5240780 www.court.ecowas.int WEST AFRICAN HEALTH ORGANISATION/OOAS SIEGE 01 BP 153 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BURKINA FASO Tel:+226 20 97 57-72/-75 Fax:+226 20 97 57 72 wahooas@fasonet.bf WEST AFRICAN MONETARY INSTITUTE(WAMI) Premier Towers(8 th & 9 th Floor), opp. Pension House, PMB. CT. 75, Accra- Ghana Tel:+233 21 676 90-1/-2 Fax:+233 21 676 903 43

44

ECOWAS and the daily Events 45

ECOWAS and the daily Events: The Present Realities of the Integration Process within the Sub-Region Mr CISSE LAMINE, Chairman of the NGO: UR-ECOWAS Every ECOWAS citizen should be deeply conscious of the necessity to have an overall cultural vision likely to bring about suitable conditions for tolerance among people and respect of the right to differ as against the concept of a common national outlook. Without a socio-cultural cohesion among the people, globalisation cannot bring about true peace and development, especially as far as the development strategy of the Community’s member countries is concerned. Under this new globalisation context which compels nations to regroup, thanks to the vision of our Heads of State, ECOWAS has gone beyond the decisive steps and should, in spite of the daily hardships encountered by the populace, be considered as a model of regional integration in Africa. The setting-up of the Community, on 28 May 1975, by the Heads of State was largely hailed by the people of the Region whose major aspiration is to live together in peace within a West African(or even African) geographic space without frontiers. The purpose of ECOWAS is to promote cooperation and integration towards the realisation of an Economic Union of West African States in order to raise the living standard of the people belonging to the region; reinforce relationships between Member States and contribute to progress and development in Africa. Despite the efforts made and the structural measures taken by our leaders during the past fifteen years, the West African Sub-Region had suffered from a range of armed conflicts amongst which the sadly notorious conflicts of Liberia and Sierra Leone. Innocent civilian populations paid dearly for these civil wars. They introduced atrocities and inhuman practices the kinds of which had, hitherto, never been contrived of in our lands, such as amputating the arms and legs of young persons, the enrolment of kid-soldiers, sexual slavery, etc. All kinds of bestialities that are repulsive to human conscience. While integration has become unavoidable for development, the separatist movement of Casamance in Southern Senegal, the socio-political situation in Togo and the armed rebellion of September 2002 in Côte d’Ivoire keep making victims among the innocent civilian populations of the Sub – Region. The citizens of the Community who are victims of armed conflicts and social upheavals linked to religious intolerance, ethnic rivalry and xenophobia, are displaced from their own homelands and compelled to go into exile and take refuge in the “peaceful” neighbouring countries. Owing to the conflicts related hardships being encountered by the populations, the existence of Mechanisms for Conflicts Prevention, Management and Resolution, Peace Keeping and Security should be welcomed as a healthy development. But these Mechanisms should be freed from the partial leaning and tendencies of Heads of State so that the ECOWAS’ Executive Secretariat and the appropriate bodies could carry out their assignments with objectiveness and efficiency in collaboration with the grassroots Civil Society Organisations. Moreover, as at today, thirty years after the birth of ECOWAS, the level of implementation of the Community’s decisions and legal instruments pertaining to the free movement of persons and goods, rights of residence and business undertakings is rather discouraging. Nonetheless, our political leaders are fully aware of the fact that the steadfast implementation of these decisions and legal instruments constitute the core basis for the edification of ECOWAS and a key factor 46

for the harmonious development of all the economic, social and cultural endeavours within the Sub-Region, towards ensuring the well- being of the people. Now, it is quite revolting to observe happenings at the borders, on the highways and even at some airports and within some major cities of Member States. Citizens are extorted, persecuted and humiliated by the law enforcement agents in charge of security on the highways, at the borders and customs checking points. Traders, men and women alike, pay undue« charges» to customs officers on products originating from the Region while transporters are subjected to harassments at the borders, on the highways and at the countless number of checking points set up just for the purpose of extortion. The corrupt practices governing the issuance of residence permits, the discrimination applied by some countries between their own citizens and those of the Community in the payment of school and medical fees, and the provisions incorporated by others into their national legislation just to prevent resident citizens of other Community member countries from legally carrying out their business or trading activities, all of these negative factors highlight the gap that exist between adopted decisions, legal instruments, political speeches and the daily realities. In spite of the above-listed constraints, ECOWAS citizens from different nationalities live in the member countries, carry out their productive activities and get married among themselves. These resident colonies constitute the links making up the Sub-Regional integration process and participate in the economic and social development of the Community. However, the obstacles inhibiting the implementation of the Community’s decisions and legal instruments have a serious and rather worrying impact on the behaviour of ECOWAS citizens. At the entry point of each country, the citizens face two types of frontiers: • one frontier which is real, visible, with a flag that is different from the others, along with law enforcement agents and customs officers; • another frontier which is psychological in form and embodied by the behaviours of the border agents. Furthermore, the existence of resident cards and some discriminatory acts mentioned farther above and which persist in some countries, instil in the mind of citizens belonging to the ECOWAS’ geographic space a deep feeling of their exclusion from the Community while sharpening intellectual nationalistic reactions. Our studies and investigations showed that, every month, the number of citizens plying the highways and frontiers of the Community’s territory, vary between four(4) and five(5) millions. These studies reveal how the highways and frontiers have become powerful sources of division of the populations, even the violation of human rights. A phenomenon which indicts all the organisations claiming to defend human rights. According to our investigations, the financial implications of all these trans-border population movements are estimated at a minimum of between Sixteen(16) and Seventeen(17) billions CFA francs per year, within the Community’s territory. The citizens who are victims of these exactions suspect and consider the guilty silence and lack of concern on the part of the appropriate authorities as an evidence of complicity on their part. That is why ECOWAS is perceived by the populations as a club of Heads of State whose decisions are executed in letter by the Executive Secretariat, assisted by intellectual functionaries who are only concerned by their mission traveling allowances and bonuses. What then should be done, considering the increasing impoverishment of the people, the hardships and insecurity they face daily? We must act together. West Africa must integrate with itself by taking into consideration its socio-cultural and religious diversity. The Sub-Region would grow stronger provided that its economic and financial policies and relevant laws are harmonised. Then, treaties, conventions and related agreements would no longer be viewed as a body of intellectual achievements, a simple laboratory of great thoughts produced within Conference 47

Halls. They should be translated into concrete and constructive acts. The grassroots Civil Society, the silent giant, which is never consulted, nor involved in any decisionmaking process or action designed to promote integration, is rightly indignant. It is made to play the role of both an onlooker and victim at a time. To reverse this unhealthy trend, it is imperative: • that almost all of our rulers stop manipulating the core principles of Democracy and Good Governance, just as stipulated within the Supplementary Agreement A/SP1/ 12/01 pertaining to the Mechanism for Conflicts Prevention, Management, and Resolution; • to ensure the effective involvement of the populace at the grassroots in the integration process towards the emergence of a Community-conscious citizenry; • to ensure the effective implementation of the Community’s legal instruments and the improvement of the living and working conditions of the law enforcement agents operating on the highways and at the borders; • to put an end to rivalries between some Heads of State concerning the leadership positioning at the regional and continental planes, etc... Otherwise, the happy initiative of 1975 would turn a childish undertaking, to the great disappointment of the Sub-Region’s people who are only aspiring to live together in peace and prosperity. However, the irreversible awakening of the Civil Society at the grassroots is a key factor that would enable the populations to, in the long run, appropriate ECOWAS to themselves. 48

Trading within the ECOWAS Region 49

TRADING WITHIN THE ECOWAS REGION: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Dr Bio Goura Soulé Head of the Research Institut LARES Set up in 1975, the Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS) is increasingly becoming one of the most realistic processes of regional integration within the African continent. While it is said to share only 20.5% and 0.4%, respectively, of the African and world trade transactions in 2002, the economic zone represented by ECOWAS is nonetheless a regional market in full expansion. Apart form the improvement of the region’s global trade balance, this economic entity recorded an increase in the volume and value of its intra-community trading. In fact, despite countless constraints which are glaringly inhibiting its expansion, the regional trade enjoys important potentials heralding sure development in the nearest and distant future. Trade exchanges in full expansion … The Community’s market experienced a tremendous boom during the last twenty years. In fact, the value of trade exchanges of the Community’s zone jumped from about 33 billion US Dollars in 1986 to about 65 billion in 2002, an increase of 96%. This achievement is mainly due to the substantial growth in the volume of the primary products exports: agricultural cash crops and petroleum oil products. The value of exports multiplied by 2.1%. Whereas, on the other hand, imports which are essentially made up of finished consumer products, 19% of which consist of agro-allied foodstuffs, increased only by 1.9% during the same period. However, intra community transactions did not increase at the same substantial rate. They only fluctuate between 14 and 12% of the overall formal trade exchanges realised within this economic zone, i.e. about 23 US Dollars per inhabitant in intra community trade transactions in 2002. Share of regional transactions of the overall ECOWAS’ trade transactions Source: ECOWAS Statistics 50

However, these data are far from the realities 1 ; a sizeable volume of regional trade transactions are not covered by the official statistical data owing to three main reasons: - The permeability of the borders, fostering informal neighbourhood trading transactions which the public authorities are unable to adequately control, - The free movement of raw products which are increasingly neglected by the official bodies in charge of statistical data, since no customs duties are collected on these raw products, - The impact of the structuring of the trade networks, leading to the segment-based organisation of the regional trade zone into three Sub-regions: • The Western Sub-Region led by Senegal and characterised by rice trading • The Central Sub-Region animated by Côte-d’Ivoire and Ghana, where substantial transactions in livestock are taking place in full swing thanks to the important seasonal migratory movements. • The Eastern Sub-Region, bordered by Nigeria, is characterised by the omnipresence of informal trading activities based on opportunities.. But handicapped by countless obstacles: As can be clearly observed, the present level of intra-community trade exchanges is far below existing potentials within the ECOWAS Region. The development of regional trading activities in West Africa is inhibited by several obstacles that are linked to structural and conjuncture factors. Prominent among these obstacles are: - The difficulties inherent in the non-existence of a formal framework for transactions which, in turn, is due to the absence of a monetary union within the ECOWAS 2 Region. In spite of the setting-up of mechanisms and instruments designed to facilitate financial transactions, namely: Clearing House, Ecotrade of the Ecobank Group, payment for commercial transactions is still severely hindered owing to the impossibility to exchange one currency against another outside the central banks’ channels - The persistence of different trade policies between the Sub-Group made up of the WAEMU Common Market Member-States and the seven other ECOWAS’ Member-Countries. 1 Based on the hypothesis that the proportion of Nigerian products that are found in the various markets in Benin, represent the proportion of expenses that this country’s householders devote to the acquisition of these products, LARES had concluded, in 1998, that Benin imports the equivalent of between 108 and 125 billions CFA F from Nigeria, as against 8 billions stated in the official data. 2 Seven currencies are legal tenders with the ECOWAS Region: the CFA, the Naira, the Cedi, the Guinean Franc, the Dalasi, the Liberian Dollar, the Leone and the Peso. 51

WAEMU Nigeria Ghana Gambia Mauritania Rice Wheat Wheat Flour Meat 10 5 20 10 110 15 banned banned 20 10 10 20 0 10-18 10-18 18 Maximum 20% Milk 10 5 20 10-18 Oil 10 banned 20 10-18 - Added to these two distorting factors which form the first and foremost source of disharmony in intra community trade exchanges, are various others. Just to name a few: • The sectoral orientation and structure of the States’ economies: similarity of products meant mainly for the world market • The inadequacy of transport and communication services and infrastructure • Lack of complementarity of the market, prevailing corruption and administrative harassments Prospects for the development of intra-community trade exchanges Four major assets sounding promising prospects for regional trade within the ECOWAS Region: - The Region’s production potential which can be evaluated in two different ways: the ecologic complementarity existing between the Sahelo-Saharan fringes of the North and the forestry areas of the South. This complementarity is the basis for diversified production activities on the one hand, and the dominant position occupied by the region in the world market with regard to three products, on the other hand. Actually, West Africa is the first world producer of yam, cassava and beans. - The development of the regional market jumping from 260 millions consumers in 2002 to 400 millions consumers in 2020. To this population growth will be added a farreaching change in the Urban Centres/Rural Areas ratio, moving from the present 37/63% to 61/39% in 2020. This urban explosion will no doubt constitute an important asset for intra-community trade exchanges. - An improved structuring of the actors. Apart from the former traditional trade channels which contributed to the emergence of a trans-State regionalism, five new networks have now come into play, made up of various sorts of actors, namely: • the Network of Agro-Allied Food Industries Operators • the Network of Enterprises • and the Network of Chambers of Commerce and Industries. These new actors will certainly contribute in strengthening the development of regional trade. 52

- Instilling impetus to the institutional framework through the adoption of a range of laws and regulations towards ensuring the fluidity of the intra-community trade exchanges: • creation of a free trade zone • preparation of the Community’s Common External Tariff. In conclusion, it can be said that the intra regional trading within the ECOWAS Region still needs to be more structured and to be made more visible. This is due to the persisting range of obstacles having to do with institutional and technical factors. It is however hoped that, with the advent of the Community’s common and sole currency,(the ECO), the creation of a Common Market and the implementation of reforms underway in each member-country of the Community, intracommunity trade transactions will receive the needed booster. 53

54

DIARY/ CALENDAR 55

Legal holidays in ECOWAS Countries Country Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Benin 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Burkina Faso 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Cape-Verde 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Ivory Coast 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Gambia 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Ghana 1 st : New Year 6 th : National Holiday 1 st : Labour Day Guinea 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Guinea- Bissau 20 th : A. Cabral 1 st : New Year Liberia 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day 1 st : Labour Day Mali 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Niger 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Nigeria 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Senegal 1 st : New Year 8 th : World 4 th : Natio- 1 st : Labour Women’s Day nal Holiday Day Sierra-Leone 1 st : New Year 8 th : World Women’s Day 1 st : Labour Day Togo 1 st : New Year 8 th : World 27 th :Natio- 1 st : Labour Women’s Day nal Holiday Day Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 st : National Holiday 5 th : National Holiday 25 th : Christmas 25 th : Christmas 25 th : Christmas 1 st : Republic Day 3 rd : Pidjiguiti 2 nd : National Holiday 24 th :National Holiday 7 th : National Holiday 25 th : Christmas 25 th :Christmas 26 th :Boxing Day 25 th : Christmas 25 th : Christmas 26 th : National Holiday 22 nd : Natio-nal Holiday 3 rd : National Holiday 1 st : National Holiday Religious Holidays in Africa Good Friday................................ April 14 th Easter......................................... April 16 th Easter Monday............................ April 17 th Ascension Day............................. May 25 th Pentecost...................................... June 4 th White Monday.............................. June 5 th Assumption.............................. August 15 th All Saints’ Day...................... November 1 st Christmas........................... December 25 th AID EL KEBIR(Tabaski)...................... January 10 th MOH ARREM(Hégire)....................... January 28 th ACHOURA(Tamkharit)..................... February 9 th MAOULOUD(Mawlid al Nabi)............... April 10 th 1 st Day of RAMADAN(Kor)......... September 24 th AID EL FITR(Korite)........................... October 24 th The exact dates of moslem holidays vary between countries. Differences of one day are possible due to the geographical position of the specific country and the moon. 56

First Half 2006 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE S1 M2 T3 W4 T5 F6 S7 S8 M9 T 10 W 11 T 12 F 13 S 14 S 15 M 16 T 17 W 18 T 19 F 20 S 21 S 22 M 23 T 24 W 25 T 26 F 27 S 28 S 29 M 30 T 31 New Year Basile Geneviève Epiphanie Edouard Mélaine Raymond Lucien Alix Guillaume Paulin Tatiana Yvette Nina Rémi Marcel Roseline Prisca Marius Sébastien Agnès Vincent Barnard Fr. de Sales Conv. S. Paul Paule Angèle Thomas d’Aq. Gildas Martine Marcelle W1 T2 F3 S4 S5 M6 T7 W8 T9 F 10 S 11 S 12 M 13 T 14 W 15 T 16 F 17 S 18 S 19 M 20 T 21 W 22 T 23 F 24 S 25 S 26 M 27 T 28 Ella Présent. du S. Blaise Véronique Agathe Gaston Eugénie Jacqueline Apolline Arnaud N-D.de Lourdes Félix Béatrice Valentin Claude Julienne Alexis Bernadette Gabin Aimée Pierre-Damien Isabelle Lazare Modeste Roméo Nestor Honorine Romain W1 T2 F3 S4 S5 M6 T7 W8 T9 F 10 S 11 S 12 M 13 T 14 W 15 T 16 F 17 S 18 S 19 M 20 T 21 W 22 T 23 F 24 S 25 S 26 M 27 T 28 W 29 T 30 F 31 Aubin S1 Charles le B. S2 Mi-Carême M3 Mardi-Gras T4 Cendres S e Olive W 5 Colette T6 Félicité F7 Jean de D. S8 1 er dim Carême S 9 Vivien M 10 Rosine T 11 Justine W 12 Rodrigue T 13 Mathilde F 14 Louise S 15 Bénédicte S 16 Patrice M 17 Cyrille T 18 Joseph W 19 RAMEAUX T 20 Printemps S e Clém. F 21 Léa S 22 Victorien S 23 Cath. de Suède M 24 Annonciation S.H. T 25 Larissa W 26 PÂQUES T 27 Gontran F 28 Gwladys S 29 Amédée S 30 Benjamin Hugues Sandrine Richard Isidore Irène Marcellin J.-B. de la Salle Julie Gautier Fulbert Stanislas Jules Rameaux Maxime Paterne Benoît J. Anicet Parfait Emma PÂQUES Anselme Alexandre Georges Fidèle Marc Alida Souv. Déportés Valerie Cath. Sienne. Robert M1 T2 W3 T4 F5 S6 S7 M8 T9 W 10 T 11 F 12 S 13 S 14 M 15 T 16 W 17 T 18 F 19 S 20 S 21 M 22 T 23 W 24 T 25 F 26 S 27 S 28 M 29 T 30 W 31 Labour Day T 1 Boris F2 Phil. Jacques S 3 Sylvain S4 ASCENSION M 5 Prudence T6 Gisèle W7 Victoire 1945 T 8 Pacôme F9 Solange S 10 F. Jeanne d’Arc S 11 Achille M 12 Rolande T 13 Matthias W 14 PENTECOTE T 15 Honoré F 16 Pascal S 17 Eric S 18 Yves M 19 Bernadin T 20 Constantin W 21 Emile T 22 Didier F 23 Donatien S 24 Sophie S 25 Bérenger M 26 Augustin T 27 Germain W 28 Mother´s Day T 29 Ferdinand F 30 Visitation Justin Blandine Kévin Clotilde Igor Norbert Gilbert PENTECÔTE Diane Landry Barnabé Guy Antoine de P. Elisée F. des Pères J.-Fr. Régis Hervé Léonce Fête des Pères Silvère Rodolphe Fête- Dieu Audrey Jean-Baptiste Prosper Anthelme Fernand Irénée Pierre/ Paul Martial First Half 2006 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S1 S2 M3 T4 W5 T6 F7 S8 S9 M 10 T 11 W 12 T 13 F 14 S 15 S 16 M 17 T 18 W 19 T 20 F 21 S 22 S 23 M 24 T 25 W 26 T 27 F 28 S 29 S 30 M 31 Thierry Martinien Thomas Florent Antoine Mariette Raoul Thibaut Amandine Ulrich Benoît Olivier Henri/ Joël Camille Donald D. Mt Carmel Charlotte Frédéric Arsène Marina Victor Marie-Made. Brigitte Christine Jacques Anne/Joach. Nathalie Samson Marthe Juliette Ignace de L. T1 W2 T3 F4 S5 S6 M7 T8 W9 T 10 F 11 S 12 S 13 M 14 T 15 W 16 T 17 F 18 S 19 S 20 M 21 T 22 W 23 T 24 F 25 S 26 S 27 M 28 T 29 W 30 T 31 Alphonse Julien-Eymard Lydie J-M. Vianney Abel Transfiguration Gaétan Dominique Amour Laurent Claire Clarisse Hippolyte Evrard Assomption Armel Hyacinthe Hélène Jean- Eudes Bernard Christophe Fabrice Rose de Lima Barthélemy Louis Natacha Monique Augustin Sabine Fiacre Aristide F 1 Gilles S 1 Thérèse E.-J. S 2 Ingrid M 2 Léger S 3 Grégoire T 3 Gérard M 4 Rosalie W 4 François d’As T 5 Raïssa T 5 Fleur W 6 Bertrand F 6 Bruno T 7 Reine S 7 Serge F 8 Nativité de N.D. S 8 Pélagie S 9 Alain M 9 Denis S 10 Inès T 10 Ghislain M 11 Adelphe W 11 Firmin T 12 Apollinaire T 12 Wilfried W 13 Aimé F 13 Géraud T 14 La Croix glorieuse S 14 Juste F 15 Roland S 15 Thérèse d’A. S 16 Edith M 16 Edwige S 17 Renaud T 17 Baudouin M 18 Nadège W 18 Luc T 19 Emilie T 19 René W 20 Davy F 20 Adeline T 21 Matthieu S 21 Céline F 22 Maurice S 22 Elodie S 23 Automne S.Const. M 23 Jean de Cap. S 24 Thècle T 24 Florentin M 25 Hermann W 25 Enguerran T 26 Côme/Dam. T 26 Dimitri W 27 Vincent de P. F 27 Emeline T 28 Venceslas S 28 Simon, Jude F 29 Michel S 29 Narcisse S 30 Jérôme M 30 Bienvenu T 31 Quentin W 1 Toussaint F 1 Florence T 2 Défunts S 2 Viviane F 3 Hubert S 3 Elfried S 4 Charles M 4 Barbara S 5 Sylvie T 5 Gérald M 6 Léonard W 6 Nicolas T 7 Carine T 7 Ambroise W 8 Géoffroy F 8 Im. Conception T 9 Théodore S 9 Pierre Fourier F 10 Léon S 10 Romaric S 11 Armistice 1918 M 11 Daniel S 12 Christian T 12 J.-F. Chantal M 13 Brice W 13 Lucie T 14 Sidoine T 14 Odile W 15 Albert F 15 Ninon T 16 Margueritte S 16 Alice F 17 Elisabeth S 17 Judicaël, Gaël S 18 Aude M 18 Gatien S 19 Tanguy T 19 Urbain M 20 Edmond W 20 Téophile T 21 Prés. de Marie T 21 Pierre Canisius W 22 Cécile F 22 François-X. T 23 Christ Roi S. Clé. S 23 Armand F 24 Flora S 24 Adèle S 25 Cathérine de Lab. M 25 Christmas S 26 Delphine T 26 Etienne M 27 Séverin W 27 Jean T 28 Jacques de la M. T 28 Famille/Innocents W 29 Saturnin F 29 David T 30 Avent S 30 Roger S 31 Sylvestre 57

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 26 December Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 27 Wednesday Mercredi December Mittwoch NOTES 28 Thursday Jeudi December Donnerstag NOTES 29 December 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2005 December(12) 58 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 30 December Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 31 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 1 er January Week- Semaine- Woche: 52 MTWT FS S 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 December- January Décembre- Janvier Dezember- Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2005 December(12)- 2006 January(01) 59

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2 January Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 January Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 4 Thursday Jeudi January Donnerstag NOTES 5 January 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 60 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 January Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 7 January Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 8 January Week- Semaine- Woche: 1 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (01) January Janvier Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 61

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 9 January Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 10 Wednesday Mercredi January Mittwoch NOTES 11 Thursday Jeudi January Donnerstag NOTES 12 January 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 62 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 13 January Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 14 January Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 15 January Week- Semaine- Woche: 2 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (01) January Janvier Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 63

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 16 January Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 17 Wednesday Mercredi January Mittwoch NOTES 18 Thursday Jeudi January Donnerstag NOTES 19 January 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 64 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 20 January Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 21 January Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 22 January Week- Semaine- Woche: 3 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (01) January Janvier Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 65

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 23 January Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 24 Wednesday Mercredi January Mittwoch NOTES 25 Thursday Jeudi January Donnerstag NOTES 26 January 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 66 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 27 January Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 28 January Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 29 January Week- Semaine- Woche: 4 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (01) January Janvier Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 January(01) 67

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 30 January Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 31 Wednesday Mercredi January Mittwoch NOTES 1 st Thursday Jeudi February Donnerstag NOTES 2 February 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10-11h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 January(01)- February(02) 68 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 February Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 4 February Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 5 February Week- Semaine- Woche: 5 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 January- February Janvier- Février Januar- Februar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 69

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 February Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 7 Wednesday Mercredi February Mittwoch NOTES 8 February Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 9 February 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 70 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10 February Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11 February Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 12 February Week- Semaine- Woche: 6 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (02) February Février Februar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 71

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 13 February Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 14 Wednesday Mercredi February Mittwoch NOTES 15 February Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 16 February 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 72 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 17 February Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 18 February Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 19 February Week- Semaine- Woche: 7 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (02) February Février Februar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 73

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 20 February Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 21 February Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 22 February Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 23 February 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 74 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 24 February Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 25 February Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 26 February Week- Semaine- Woche: 8 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (02) February Février Februar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 February(02) 75

27 28 1 2 Monday Lundi Montag February Tuesday Mardi Dienstag Wednesday Mercredi st Thursday Jeudi February Mittwoch March Donnerstag March NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10-11h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 February(02)- March(03) 76 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 Saturday Samedi March Samstag NOTES 4 Sunday Dimanche March Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 77 5 March Week- Semaine- Woche: 9 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 February- March Février- Mars Februar- März " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 Tuesday Mardi March Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 7 Wednesday Mercredi March Mittwoch NOTES 8 Thursday Jeudi March Donnerstag NOTES 9 March 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 78 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 10 Saturday Samedi March Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11 Sunday Dimanche March Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 12 March Week- Semaine- Woche: 10 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 " (03) March Mars März @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 79

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 13 Tuesday Mardi March Dienstag NOTES 14 Wednesday Mercredi March Mittwoch NOTES 15 Thursday Jeudi March Donnerstag NOTES 16 March 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 80 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 17 Saturday Samedi March Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 18 Sunday Dimanche March Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 19 March Week- Semaine- Woche: 11 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 " (03) March Mars März @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 81

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 20 Tuesday Mardi March Dienstag NOTES 21 Wednesday Mercredi March Mittwoch NOTES 22 Thursday Jeudi March Donnerstag NOTES 23 March 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 82 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 24 Saturday Samedi March Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 25 Sunday Dimanche March Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 26 March Week- Semaine- Woche: 12 MTWT FS S 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (03) March Mars März " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 83

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 27 Tuesday Mardi March Dienstag NOTES 28 Wednesday Mercredi March Mittwoch NOTES 29 Thursday Jeudi March Donnerstag NOTES 30 March 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 March(03) 84 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 31 Saturday Samedi March Samstag NOTES 1 st Sunday Dimanche April Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 85 2 April Week- Semaine- Woche: 13 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 " March- April Mars- Avril März- April @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 Tuesday Mardi April Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 4 Wednesday Mercredi April Mittwoch NOTES 5 Thursday Jeudi April Donnerstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 86 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 April

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 7 Saturday Samedi April Samstag NOTES 8 Sunday Dimanche April Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 87 9 April Week- Semaine- Woche: 14 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 " (04) April Avril April @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 10 Tuesday Mardi April Dienstag NOTES 11 Wednesday Mercredi April Mittwoch NOTES 12 Thursday Jeudi April Donnerstag NOTES 13 April 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 88 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 14 Saturday Samedi April Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 15 Sunday Dimanche April Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 16 April Week- Semaine- Woche: 15 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 " (04) April Avril April @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 89

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 17 Tuesday Mardi April Dienstag NOTES 18 Wednesday Mercredi April Mittwoch NOTES 19 Thursday Jeudi April Donnerstag NOTES 20 April 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 90 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 21 Saturday Samedi April Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 22 Sunday Dimanche April Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 23 April Week- Semaine- Woche: 16 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 " (04) April Avril April @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 91

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 24 Tuesday Mardi April Dienstag NOTES 25 Wednesday Mercredi April Mittwoch NOTES 26 Thursday Jeudi April Donnerstag NOTES 27 April 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 92 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 28 Saturday Samedi April Samstag NOTES 08-09h 29 Sunday Dimanche April Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 30 April Week- Semaine- Woche: 17 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (04) April 09-10h 10-11h 09-10h 10-11h " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 April(04) 93

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 1 st Tuesday Mardi May Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2 Wednesday Mercredi May Mittwoch NOTES 3 Thursday Jeudi May Donnerstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 94 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 4 May

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 5 Saturday Samedi May Samstag NOTES 6 Sunday Dimanche May Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 95 7 May Week- Semaine- Woche: 18 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (05) May Mai Mai " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 8 Tuesday Mardi May Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 9 Wednesday Mercredi May Mittwoch NOTES 10 Thursday Jeudi May Donnerstag NOTES 11 May 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 96 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 12 Saturday Samedi May Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 13 Sunday Dimanche May Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 14 May Week- Semaine- Woche: 19 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (05) May Mai Mai " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 97

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 15 Tuesday Mardi May Dienstag NOTES 16 Wednesday Mercredi May Mittwoch NOTES 17 Thursday Jeudi May Donnerstag NOTES 18 May 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 98 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 19 Saturday Samedi May Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 20 Sunday Dimanche May Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 21 May Week- Semaine- Woche: 20 MTWT FS S 12 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (05) May Mai Mai " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 99

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 22 Tuesday Mardi May Dienstag NOTES 23 Wednesday Mercredi May Mittwoch NOTES 24 Thursday Jeudi May Donnerstag NOTES 25 May 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 100 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 26 Saturday Samedi May Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 27 Sunday Dimanche May Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 28 May Week- Semaine- Woche: 21 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (05) May Mai Mai " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 May(05) 101

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 29 Tuesday Mardi May Dienstag NOTES 30 Wednesday Mercredi May Mittwoch NOTES 31 Thursday Jeudi May Donnerstag NOTES 1 st June 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 May(05)- June(6) 102 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2 Saturday Samedi June Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 Sunday Dimanche June Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 103 4 June Week- Semaine- Woche: 22 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 " May- June Mai- Juin May- Juni @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 5 Tuesday Mardi June Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 Wednesday Mercredi June Mittwoch NOTES 7 Thursday Jeudi June Donnerstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 104 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 8 June

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 9 Saturday Samedi June Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10 Sunday Dimanche June Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11 June Week- Semaine- Woche: 23 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (06) June Juin Juni " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 105

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 12 Tuesday Mardi June Dienstag NOTES 13 Wednesday Mercredi June Mittwoch NOTES 14 Thursday Jeudi June Donnerstag NOTES 15 June 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 106 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 16 Saturday Samedi June Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 17 Sunday Dimanche June Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 18 June Week- Semaine- Woche: 24 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (06) June Juin Juni " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 107

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 19 Tuesday Mardi June Dienstag NOTES 20 Wednesday Mercredi June Mittwoch NOTES 21 Thursday Jeudi June Donnerstag NOTES 22 June 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 108 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 23 Saturday Samedi June Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 24 Sunday Dimanche June Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 25 June Week- Semaine- Woche: 25 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (06) June Juin Juni " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 109

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 26 Tuesday Mardi June Dienstag NOTES 27 Wednesday Mercredi June Mittwoch NOTES 28 Thursday Jeudi June Donnerstag NOTES 29 June 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6) 110 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 30 Saturday Samedi June Samstag NOTES 1 st Sunday Dimanche July Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 June(6)- July(07) 111 2 July Week- Semaine- Woche: 26 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June- July Juin- Juillet Juni- Juli " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 Tuesday Mardi July Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 4 Wednesday Mercredi July Mittwoch NOTES 5 Thursday Jeudi July Donnerstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 112 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 July

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 7 Saturday Samedi July Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 8 Sunday Dimanche July Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 113 9 July Week- Semaine- Woche: 27 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (07) July Juillet Juli " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 10 Tuesday Mardi July Dienstag NOTES 11 Wednesday Mercredi July Mittwoch NOTES 12 Thursday Jeudi July Donnerstag NOTES 13 July 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 114 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 14 Saturday Samedi July Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 15 Sunday Dimanche July Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 16 July Week- Semaine- Woche: 28 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (07) July Juillet Juli " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 115

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 17 Tuesday Mardi July Dienstag NOTES 18 Wednesday Mercredi July Mittwoch NOTES 19 Thursday Jeudi July Donnerstag NOTES 20 July 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 116 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 21 Saturday Samedi July Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 22 Sunday Dimanche July Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 23 July Week- Semaine- Woche: 29 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (07) July Juillet Juli " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 117

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 24 Tuesday Mardi July Dienstag NOTES 25 Wednesday Mercredi July Mittwoch NOTES 26 Thursday Jeudi July Donnerstag NOTES 27 July 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 118 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 28 Saturday Samedi July Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 29 Sunday Dimanche July Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 30 July Week- Semaine- Woche: 30 MTWT FS S 12 34 5 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (07) July Juillet Juli " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 July(07) 119

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 31 Tuesday Mardi July Dienstag NOTES 1 st Wednesday Mercredi August Mittwoch NOTES 2 August Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 3 August 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 July(07)- Auguste(08) 120 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 4 August Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 5 August Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 121 6 August Week- Semaine- Woche: 31 MTWT FS S 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (08) August Août August " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 7 August Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 8 August Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 9 August Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 10 August 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 122 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 11 August Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 12 August Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 13 August Week- Semaine- Woche: 32 MTWT FS S 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (08) August Août August " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 123

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 14 August Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 15 August Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 16 August Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 17 August 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 124 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 18 August Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 19 August Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 20 August Week- Semaine- Woche: 33 MTWT FS S 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (08) August Août August " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 125

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 21 August Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 22 August Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 23 August Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 24 August 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 126 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 25 August Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 26 August Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 27 August Week- Semaine- Woche: 34 MTWT FS S 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (08) August Août August " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08) 127

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 28 August Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 29 August Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 30 August Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 31 August 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10-11h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 Auguste(08)- September(09) 128 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 1 st Saturday Samedi September Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 2 September Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 3 September Week-Semaine- Woche: 35 MTWT FS S 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 August- September Août- Septembre August- September " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 129

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 4 September Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 5 September Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 6 September Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 7 September 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 130 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 8 September Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 9 September Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10 September Week- Semaine- Woche: 36 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (09) September Septembre September " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 131

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 11 September Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 12 September Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 13 September Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 14 September 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 132 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 15 September Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 16 September Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 17 September Week- Semaine- Woche: 37 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (09) September Septembre September " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 133

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 18 September Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 19 September Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 20 September Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 21 September 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 134 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 22 September Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 23 September Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 24 September Week- Semaine- Woche: 38 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (09) September Septembre September " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 135

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 25 September Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 26 September Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 27 September Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 28 September 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h d 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 September(09) 136 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 29 September Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 30 September Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 1 st October Week- Semaine- Woche: 39 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 September-October Septembre-Octobre September-Oktober " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 September(09)- October(10) 137

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2 October Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 3 October Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 4 October Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 5 October 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 138 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 6 October Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 7 October Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 139 8 October Week- Semaine- Woche: 40 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (10) October Octobre Oktober " @

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 9 October Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 10 October Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 11 October Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 12 October 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 140 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 13 October Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 14 October Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 15 October Week- Semaine- Woche: 41 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (10) October Octobre Oktober " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 141

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 16 October Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 17 October Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 18 October Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 19 October 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 142 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 20 October Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 21 October Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 22 October Week- Semaine- Woche: 42 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (10) October Octobre Oktober " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 143

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 23 October Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 24 October Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 25 October Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 26 October 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 144 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 27 October Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 28 October Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 29 October Week- Semaine- Woche: 43 MTWT FS S 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (10) October Octobre Oktober " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 October(10) 145

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 30 October Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 31 October Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 1 st Thursday Jeudi November Donnerstag NOTES 2 November 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10-11h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 October(10)- November(11) 146 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 3 November Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 4 November Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 5 November Week- Semaine- Woche: 44 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 October- November Octobre- Novembre Oktober- November " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 147

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 6 November Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 7 Wednesday Mercredi November Mittwoch NOTES 8 November Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 9 November 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 148 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10 November Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11 November Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 12 November Week- Semaine- Woche: 45 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (11) November Novembre November " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 149

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 13 November Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 14 November Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 15 November Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 16 November 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 150 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 17 November Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 18 November Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 19 November Week- Semaine- Woche: 46 MTWT FS S 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (11) November Novembre November " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 151

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 20 November Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 21 November Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 22 November Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 23 November 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 152 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 24 November Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 25 November Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 26 November Week- Semaine- Woche: 47 MTWT FS S 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (11) November Novembre November " @ 11-12h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 November(11) 153

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 27 November Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 28 November Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 29 November Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 30 November 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10-11h 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 November(11)- December(12) 154 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 1 st Saturday Samedi December Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 2 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 3 December Week- Semaine- Woche: 48 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 November- December Novembre- Décembre November- Dezember " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 155

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 4 December Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 5 December Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 6 December Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 7 December 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 156 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 8 December Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 9 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 10 December Week- Semaine- Woche: 49 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (12) December Décembre Dezember " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 157

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 11 December Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 12 December Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 13 December Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 14 December 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 158 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 15 December Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 16 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 17 December Week- Semaine- Woche: 50 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (12) December Décembre Dezember " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 159

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 18 December Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 19 December Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 20 December Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 21 December 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 160 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 22 December Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 23 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 24 December Week- Semaine- Woche: 51 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (12) December Décembre Dezember " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 161

Monday Lundi Montag NOTES 25 December Tuesday Mardi Dienstag NOTES 26 December Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch NOTES 27 December Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag NOTES 28 December 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 2006 December(12) 162 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h

Friday Vendredi Freitag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 11-12h 12-13h 13-14h 14-15h 15-16h 16-17h 17-18h 18-19h 19-20h 20-21h 21-22h 29 December Saturday Samedi Samstag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 30 December Sunday Dimanche Sonntag NOTES 08-09h 09-10h 10-11h 31 December Week- Semaine- Woche: 52 MTWT FS S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 December January Décembre- Janvier Dezember- Januar " @ 11-12h 11-12h 12-13h 12-13h 13-14h 13-14h 14-15h 14-15h 15-16h 15-16h 16-17h 16-17h 17-18h 17-18h 18-19h 18-19h 19-20h 19-20h 20-21h 20-21h 21-22h 21-22h 2006 December(12)- 2007 January(01) 163

164

The Republic of Ghana 165

The Republic of Ghana Summary of facts Population: Annual growth: 21,029,853. 2.7%. Religions: Christian 69%, Muslim 15.6%, traditional and indigenous beliefs 8.5%. Languages: English(official), Akin(Asante Twig, Okapi Twig, Aye and Faint) 49%, Mole-Dogbane 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga-Adangbe 8%, Guan 4% others 10% Work force:(11.1 million): Agriculture and Fishing 47.9%; Industry and Transport 16.2%; Sales and Clerical 19.3%; Services 5.9%; Professional 8.9%; Other 1.8% Total External Debt:$7.396 Life expectancy: 59.2 years for female, 55.5 years for male Located on the West Coast of Africa, Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from British colonial rule on March 6 th , 1957. With 48 diplomatic missions abroad, Ghana is well represented around the world, and has a total of 45 countries with missions in Ghana [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, also see www.ghana.gov.gh] . Ghana’s population has more than tripled in a spate of 48 years from 6,726,815 people to 21,029,853 people. With a total landmass of 283,537 square kilometers, Anglophone Ghana is bordered by three Francophone countries namely: Togo to the East, Cote d’Ivoire to the West and Burkina Faso to the North and Northwest. Ghana is a Republic with an elected President, a unicameral legislature and an independent judiciary. It is divided into 10 geographical regions, which are further sub-divided to a total of 138 administrative districts. The population of Ghana is currently estimated at 21,029,853 with females constituting over 52% of the total population. The annual population growth is estimated at 2.7%; with a GDP growth rate of 5.8%.The agricultural sector makes up 60% of the labour force and accounts for 40.4% of the total GDP. Ghana is currently placed among Medium Human Development countries with an average Human Development Index of 0.7504. Ghana has had five civil regimes(Nkrumah 1957-1966), Busia(19691972), Limann(1979-1981), Rawlings(1992-2000) and Kufour(2001up to now) and six military regimes. Ghana’s social, economic, infrastructural and industrial expansion at independence was unsurpassed but is now part of the group that makes up the highly indebted poor countries, otherwise popularly abbreviated as HIPC. Useful web sites: www.countrystudies.us/ghana www.ghanaids.gov.gh The State of the Ghanaian Economy in 2004, ISSER (Source: CIA- World Fact book 2004.www.nationmaster.com). 166

Age structure- 2004 0-14 years: 37.1%(male 3,946,326; female 3,862,390) 15-64 years: 59.1%(male 6,203,035; female 6,235,107) 65 years and above: 3.7%(male 366,472; female 412,523) Median age(2004): Total: 20.45 years Male: 20.2 years Female: 20.7 years(2005 est.) Birth/ Death rate HIV/ AIDS rate Birth Rate(2004): 23.79 births/1,000 population Death Rate(2004): 10.84 deaths/1,000 population Adult prevalence rate(14-49 years) 2003- 3.6% 2005- 3.1% People living with HIV/AIDS(2003): 350,000 (Source: www.irinnews.org) Deaths(2003): 30,000 Literacy(2003): Definition: Female: Male: Total Population: Age 15 and above, can read and write 67.1% 82.7% 74.8% (Source: CIA- World Fact book 2004.www.nationmaster.com). 167

Political Structure of Ghana Type of Government: Constitutional Democracy with an elected President and Parliament. The independent Judiciary arm of the government has its members appointed by the President himself and confirmed by Parliament. Capital: Accra Administrative divisions: 10 Regions Regional Capitals: Greater Accra: Central: Eastern: Western: Ashanti: Accra Cape Coast Koforidua Sekondi Takoradi Kumasi Northern: Upper East: Upper West: Volta: Brong Ahafo: Tamale Bolgatanga Wa Ho Sunyani Elections: The President and Vice President are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term, which is limited to two four-year terms only. National elections were last held in December 2004. The Legislative branch: Unicameral Parliament(230 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections are conducted simultaneously with presidential elections. Local government: Further literature recommendation: Useful websites: Ghana news on the Internet: There are 138 Districts in Ghana. District/Municipal Chief Executives are appointed by government to serve four-year terms. Two-thirds of the assembly members are directly elected and one-third appointed by government. Elections in the District Assembly are held every four years.[Article 242 and 246 of 1992 constitution of Ghana.] Ghana, The new local government system, 1996. Published by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. www.nationmaster.com For history research: www.ghanareview.com/history.html Official page of Ghanaian government: www.ghana.gov.gh The world fact book: www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gh.html www.Africaonline.com www.journalismnet.com www. AllAfrica.com www.mbendi.co.za www.mcglobal.com/History 168

Table of Election Results from 1992 to 2004 Parliamentary Election Results Year Parties Result(seats) 1992* NDC 189 NCP 8 EGLE 1 INDP. 2 1996 NDC 133 NPP 60 PCP 5 PNC 1 2000 NDC 92 CPP 1 PNC 3 NPP 100 IND. 4 2004 NDC 94 CPP 3 PNC 4 NPP 128 INDP. 1 *all the parties boycotted the parliamentary election and compelled the NDC and its allies to split to contest the elections. The lessons of 1992 informed the electoral commission to organize both presidential and parliamentary elections on same day and imultaneously. [Source: Electoral commission, Ghana] List of Political Parties in Ghana Convention People’s Party..................... Democratic People’s Party..................... Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere....... Great Consolidated Popular Party......... National Convention Party.................... National Democratic Congress.............. National Reform Party........................... New Patriotic Party............................... People’s Convention Party..................... People’s National Convention................ CPP............. DPP............ EGLE.......... GCPP.......... NCP............ NDC........... NRP............ NPP............ PCP............. PNC............ Dr. Edmond Delle, National Chairman EN Ward Brew Danny Ofori Atta, Chairman Dan Larty, Leader Sarpong Kumah-Kumah Dr. Obed Asamoah, Chairman Kyeretwie Opuku, General Secretary Haruna Eseku. National Chairman P. K. Donkoh-Ayifi, Acting Chairman Dr. Edward Nasigrie Mahama, Leader 169

Economy Overview of the Economy: Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 40.4% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country(HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2005. GDP(2004)- real growth rate 5.8% exceeding projected rate of 5.2% per capita 2.7% GDP- growth rate per sector(2004): Agriculture: 6.1%(2003), 7.5%(2004) and contributed 46.7% of overall growth, up from 41.4% in 2003 Industry: 5.1%(2003), 5.1%(2004) contributing22.1% to overall growth against 24.0% in 2003 Services: 4.7% 170

Performance of the Ghanaian Economy, 2003-2004(Part I) Indicator (% unless otherwise stated) Nominal GDP(¢billion) Real GDP Growth Real per Capita GDP Agriculture Industry Services Domestic Revenue/GDP Domestic Expenditure/GDP Tax Revenue/GDP Primary Balance/GDP Overall Balance/GDP Net Domestic Financing/GDP Broad Money Supply Growth Reserve Money Growth M2+/GDP Inflation(year on year) Inflation(average yearly) Selected Economic Indicators 2003 2004 Actual Target (C1)(C2) National GDP 2004 Actual (C3) 65,262 77,620 79,803.7 5.2 5.2 5.8 2.5- 2.7 Sectoral Growth Rates 6.1 6.0 7.5 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 Fiscal Indicators 21.4 22.4 23.8 18.8 20.7 23.7 19.6 20.9 21.8 2.5 1.7 0.7 -3.4-1.7-3.2 -0.004-2.2 0.5 Monetary/Financial Indicators 35.6- 26.0 28.2- 8.77 0.3- 0.34 23.6 10 11.8 26.7 17 12.6 Difference Difference C3-C1 C3-C2 14,541.70 0.60 0.2 2,183.70 0.60 1.40 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 4.90 2.20 -1.80 -0.20 0.50 1.40 3.00 0.90 -1.00 -1.50 2.70 -9.60 -9.43 0.04 -11.80 -14.10 1.80 -4.40 171

Performance of the Ghanaian Economy, 2003-2004(Part II) Interest Rates Demand Deposits(Annual Av.) 8.5- 7.50-1.00 Saving Deposits(Annual Av.) 11.1- 9.50-1.60 Time Deposits(Annual Av.) 14.3- 13.25 -1.05 Lending Rates(Annual Av.) 34.9- 28.75-6.15 91-day Bills(End Period) 18.7 Depreciation(¢/$) 17.00-1.70 Inter-Bank Rate 8,852.30- 9,051.26 198.96 Forex Bureau Rate 9,130.43- 9,222.73 External Sector Indicators($ million) 92.30 Merchandise Exports 2,562.40 2,314 2,784.60 222.20 Merchandise Imports-3,232.80-3355-4,297.30-1,064.50 Trade Balance-670.40-987- 1,512.60-842.20 Current Account 302.3-98-235.7-538.00 Balance of payments 558.3-72 -10.5-568.8 Gross International Reserves 1,425.6 811 1,732.0 306.40 GIR in months of 3.9 2.2 3.80-0.10 Net International Reserves 657.7 149 185.60-472.10 Source: ISSER, Bank of Ghana, and Budget Statements 470.60 -942.30 -525.60 -137.70 61.5 921.00 1.60 36.60 172

Debt sustainability ratios Category 1998 1999 2000 2001*2002*2003 Aid as% of GNI 9.6 8.1 12.6 12.7 12.3 10.9 Aid as% of Imports 18.8 15.1 17.2 19.2 13.5 17.2 Aid per Capita(current US) 38.1 32.3 31.6 33.1 32.8 30.6 Total Debt Service as% of Export 22.5 20.8 19.1 12.7 10.1 10.9 Total Debt service as% of GNI 8.0 6.9 9.7 6.2 3.7 4.2 *Provisional Source: ISSER, World Bank, World Development Indicators 2003, and Government of Ghana Budget Statements(2002-2004) Number of persons under poverty level Population below poverty line(1992): 31.4% Population under 1$ per day(1992): 44.8% Rate of unemployment(2000): 20% Principal Importers to Ghana Nigeria 12.8%, China 10.1%, UK 7%, United States of America 6.7%, France 5.3%, South Africa 4.2%, The Netherlands 4.2%, Germany 4.1% (Source: 2004 World Fact book). Total import$3.699 billion f.o.b(2004 estimates). Ghana exports to: The Netherlands 11.1%, The United Kingdom 10.9%, France 6.9%, US 6%, Belgium 4.8%, Germany 4.4% and Japan 4.3%. Total Exports:$3.01 billion f.o.b(2004 estimates). External Debt:$ 6,307 Billion(2005)- at the current cedi/ dollar exchange rate, this translates to 58 trillion cedis. (Source: World Fact Book, www.cia.gov) After much debate, government decided in March 2001 to qualify for the HIPC initiative, which implied that roughly US$3.7 billion in debt relief would be released over a period of twenty years. Using 20% of HIPC funds towards reducing domestic debts, Ghana has been able to reduce its annual average debt repayment from US$392 million to US$149 million per annum. By July 2004, when Ghana was deemed to have met all required criteria and reached completion point, the country had managed to significantly reduce its total external debt from US$6 billion to US$2.24 billion. HIPC relief from bilateral and commercial creditors amounted to ¢1,064.8 billion. (Source: The State of the Ghanaian Economy in 2004, Institute of Statistical and Economic Research(ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon). Further references: www.worldbank.org, www.imf.org 173

Human Development The Ghana Demographic and health survey for 2003, as well as the 2003 annual progress report of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy, details several disquieting changes in human development indicators within recent years as follows: • There was a decrease in primary and secondary school enrolment in rural communities during the 1998-2003 periods. • There was a decrease in adult literacy levels amongst the rural poor within this same period. • There was an increase of 4% from 1998 to 2003 in the number of children under five who suffer from stunted growth. • Infant mortality has increased to 12.3%, from 57 per 1000 live births in 1998 to 64% per 1000 live births in 2003. • Childhood mortality has increased from 108 per 1000 live births to 118 per 1000 live births in 2003. • Child malnutrition increased by 10.5% between 1998 and 2003. • Reported cases of water borne diseases and guinea worm, increased from 5,545 cases in 2002 to 8,000 cases in 2003 an increase of 44.3%. Further research tips: A Ghana HIPC Watch Publication, June 2005 by Amber E. Germain. Contact: Siapha Kamara, Tel:+233 21 71 68 60/ 71 49 21, E-mail: send@africaonline.com.gh International Monetary Fund(look for Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers): www.imf.org, www.takingitglobal.org 174

Special Topics Gender Since the“Yaa Asantewaa War», many women have joined forces to liberate themselves from the“kitchen”. In today’s Ghana, women are involved in various productive and developmental facets. 52% of women are in the total labour of agriculture contributing 70% of food crops in Ghana yet they account for 15% of the work force at the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Of the 132 district chief executives confirmed, only 6 of them are women. In the 230-member parliament, only 28 of them are women and of the 88 ministers, only 18 of them are women. Various women groups have sprung up to champion the cause of women. Below are some references that may assist interested parties to gain further information on the position of women in Ghanaian society. References: Ghanaian Women’s Network: www.obaahema.com; info@obaahema.com Amu, Nora Judith,(2005), The Role of Women in Ghana’s Economy, University of Ghana and Friedrich Ebert Sifting. Duncan, Beatrice Akua,(May 2004), Women in Agriculture in Ghana, University of Ghana and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Mensah, Beatrix Alla,(2005), Women in Politics and Public Life in Ghana, University of Ghana and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Health Ghana’s health service units were described as“graveyards” by former president Rawlings when he took over as military leader in 1981. To resuscitate the system, the“cash and carry” system was introduced. Given the inability of the majority of the population to access health care as a result of monetary constraints, the NPP under President Kufour initiated the National Health Insurance Scheme which is sustained through a 2.5% tax levy on all residents in Ghana in addition to the VAT of 12.5%. The collection of the levy started on August 1, 2004. Some communities(Damongo, Sunyani) have started to enjoy the benefits of pooled resources towards health services under the scheme. It is estimated that an annual expenditure of ¢1.3trillion would be made from the scheme. The health sector is the worst afflicted sector in Ghana in terms of brain drain. The alarming exodus of workers to advanced countries[those countries that give aid, grants and loans to augment our development] has serious implication on health delivery vis-à-vis doctor-patient ratio which stands at 1:66,000 in the Upper West and East regions and a national average of 1:14,020 [1,500/21,029,853] doctor/patient ratio. The life expectancy of men in Ghana is 55.5 years and 59.2 years for women. The under 5mortality rate is 111 per 1000 live births and the infant mortality rate is 64 per 1000 live births. Public Health expenditure is 1.7% of the GDP, Private Health expenditure is 2.9% and Health expenditure per capita is US$854. With regard to healthcare infrastructure, Ghana has 2 teaching hospitals, 10 Regional hospitals and 91 District hospitals. There are 558 health centres, 1085 clinics, 320 maternity homes and 800 pharmacies located across all regions. Most of these facilities are located in the urban areas, making access to healthcare a major challenge impacting negatively on the country’s goal to provide healthcare to all. Another factor influencing the effective provision of healthcare to all is 175

the high attrition of trained healthcare workers to developing countries including the USA and Europe(It is estimated that there are 600 Ghanaian Doctors in New York alone). Further research tips and useful web sites: World Health Organization: Ghanaian Health Service: Ministry of Health: United Nations Children’s Fund: information malaria: The Ghana AIDS Commission Regional office for Africa: www.afro.who.int www.ghana-chps.org/main.html www.moh-ghana.org www.unicef.org www.cdc.gov/travel/diseases.htm#malaria www.takingitglobal.org/understanding/health www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en www.countrystudies.us/ghana P.O. Box CT 5169, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana Tel:+233 21 78 22 62/ 63; 021 78 22 64 E-mail: info@ghanaids.gov.gh Web: www.ghanaids.gov.gh Some journals and publication: Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA) American Family Physician Health Forum British Medical Journal British Journal of Psychiatry The aims of the electronic version of the BMJ are to publish rigorous accessible information that will help doctors improve their practice and will influence the international debate on health. covers all branches of the subject, with particular emphasis on the clinical aspects of each topic. General Practice primary care news, articles, reviews, research and more. Welcome Library This holds thousands of medical books, journals, manuscripts, prints, and drawings. NGO’s working in the health field: The Christian Health Association(CHAG) of Ghana Action Aid, Ghana Care International, Ghana Family Health International Ghana HIV/ Aids Network Ghana Red Cross Society Democracy Issues(research tips): Ghana Center for democratic development: www.cddghana.org- Institute of Economic Affairs 176

ECOWAS The Economic Community of West African States[ECOWAS] created in 1975, is a regional organization comprising of 16 West African nations. The initial objective was to achieve economic integration and shared development with the end goal of forming a unified economic zone for West Africa. With the passage of time, the scope was increased to include socio-political interactions and mutual development in related spheres. The ECOWAS secretariat is located in Abuja, Nigeria under the leadership of its Secretary General, Mr. Ibn Chambas a renowned Ghanaian politician.(www.ecowas.int) Member Countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. Environment Current issues on the environment: Recurrent drought in the north has severely affected agricultural activities as well as increased the geographical scope of deforestation. Livestock overgrazing has led to the rapid development of soil erosion, and poaching has led to habitat destruction that threatens wildlife populations. Water pollution is on the increase with reports of there being inadequate supplies of potable water. Current international agreements on the environment: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Further research tips and useful web sites: Forestry Research Institute of Ghana University P.O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana. Tel:+233 51 60 12 2, 60 12 3 60 37 3 Fax:+233 51 60 12 1 Web: www.forig.org The Executive Director P.O. Box, M326, Accra, Ghana Tel:+233 21 66 46 97/8, 66 75 24 Fax:+233 21 66 26 90 Email:epaed@africaonline.com.gh support@epaghana.org Web: www.epa.gov.gh Green Earth Organisation P.O.Box AN 16641, Accra, Ghana Tel:+233 21 23 27 62 Fax:+233 21 23 04 55 Email:greeneth@ghana.com Web: www.greenearth.org.gh About topics of environment in general: www.wnenvironment.com; www.takingitglobal.org/understanding/environment 177

The Media in Ghana Media Organisations Ghana Journalists Association(GJA) Founded in 1949, the Ghana Journalists Association(GJA) has become the umbrella organization representing Ghanaian Journalists. It is registered as a professional association and listed as one of several bodies on the board of the National Media Commission. In its activities GJA tends to achieve higher professional standards, to promote and defend press freedom and to create solidarity among Ghanaian journalists and foreign colleagues. To realize these objectives GJA organizes educational programmes, workshops, seminars and lectures on issues relevant to media development and growth. President: Contact: Tel: Fax: Email: Adjoa Afari-Yeboah Ghana Journalists Association(GJA), P.O. Box 4636, Accra, Ghana. +233 21 23 4.6 92 +233 21 23 4.6 94 gja@ncs.com.gh Ghana News Agency(GNA) The GNA was established on March 5, 1957. It was the first news agency to be established in Sub-Saharan Africa. GNA was part of a comprehensive communication policy that sought to harness the information arm of the state to build a viable, united and cohesive nation-state. GNA has therefore been operating in the unique role of mobilizing the citizens for nation building, economic and social development, national unity and integration. GNA, acting as a central news collection agent of the state, gathers news from all regional, and some District, capitals. The GNA is instrumental in carrying government messages, policies, plans and programmes to the people, including those in the remotest areas of the country. Contact: Tel: Fax: Email: Web: Ghana News Agency(GNA), P.O. Box 2118, Accra, Ghana +233 21 66 23 81, 66 51 35, 66 51 36, and 66 51 37 +233 21 66 98 41 ghnews@ghana.com www.ghananewsagency.com National Media Commission(NMC) The appointment of the NMC as an oversight body for the media is regulated by the Ghanaian constitution, Article 166:“There shall be established by Act of Parliament[…] a National Media Commission which shall consist of fifteen members…” On July 7th, 1993, the NMC was set up by an Act of Parliament(National Media Commission Act 1993). It is composed of members of several groups of“civil society” such as the Ghana Journalists Association, the Trades Union Congress and the Association of Private Broadcasters. Its functions are: • To promote and ensure the freedom and independence of the media. • To promote and ensure high journalistic standards. • To investigate, mediate and settle complaints made against or by the media. • To insulate state-owned media from government control. • To make regulations for the registration of newspapers and other publications. 178

Contact: Tel.: Fax: National Media Commission, P.O. Box T 114, Accra, Ghana +233 21 66 24 09 +233 21 66 63 25 Women in Broadcasting(WIB) WIB was formed in 1995 as a media advocacy group concerned with gender imbalances in the mass media. Its members are employed at public and private radio and TV stations in Ghana. The organization’s aims are as follows: • To change the negative representations and images of women on television, • To increase women and children’s participation in national and local debate on radio and television. To achieve these objectives WIB members use their positions as programme producers to give an account of issues of women and children. Apart from this advocacy function WIB organizes training programmes for women and children in order to strengthen the role of women in Ghanaian media and to remove stereotypes in the radio and TV programmes. President: Contact: Tel.: Fax: E-mail: Web: Sarah Quarcoo Women in Broadcasting(WIB), P.O. Box CT 1089, Accra, Ghana. +233 21 22 30 12/ 22 93 87 +233 21 22 11 49/ 22 11 65 goklen@ighmail.com http://matrix.msu.edu/~quarcoo/womeninbroadcasting/index.html Private Newspaper Association of Ghana(PRINPAG) PRINPAG is a Group of private newspaper publishers who have come together to promote press freedom by ensuring that the business survives. PRINPAG organizes training seminars for its members. President: Contact: Tel: Fax: Mrs. Gina Blay Private Newspaper(Publishers) Association of Ghana(PRINPAG), P.O. Box 661, Accra, Ghana +233 21 23 32 14 +233 21 22 30 46 Sportswriters Association of Ghana(SWAG) SWAG aims at promoting sports development in Ghana trough responsible sports journalism. One Key Activity of SWAG is the annual awards scheme for outstanding sportsmen and sportswoman. General Secretary: Akwasi Atta Amoah Contact: P.O. Box 742, Accra, Ghana. Tel:+233 21 23 30 93 Fax:+233 21 66 98 86 E-mail: graphic@ghana.com, rossieam@hotmail.com 179

Ghana Institute of Journalism(GIJ) Degree in Journalism, Diploma in Journalism, and Diploma in Public Relations/Advertising Short Courses: Writing Skills, Photo-Journalism& Population Communication. Contact: Tel: Fax: P.O. Box 667, Accra, Ghana +233 21 22 83 36 +233 21 22 17 50 School of Communication Studies Established in 1973 as the Institute of Journalism and Mass Communication, the School of Communication Studies(SCS) is the only university-level training institution among the three Ghanaian media training institutions. The School offers a Post-graduate diploma, as well as M.A. and M.Phil. Degrees, although it does not offer an undergraduate degree. The SCS describes its objectives as follows: • To enable students to understand the key role of the media in society; • To interest students in media research. The courses include print and broadcast journalism, public relations, advertising, research methods, various aspects of mass media, including theories, law and ethics, media and public opinion, international communication, new technologies in communication. Contact: Tel: Email: University of Ghana, Legon +233 21 50 06 93 Scs@ug.gn.apc.org National Film and Television Institute(NAFTI) NAFTI was established in 1978 as a public institution for higher education in Film and Television. The institute has a campus and three studios all within walking distance. Due to the high professional and academic standards maintained over the years, NAFTI has attracted students from other parts of Africa including, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gambia Mali, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. NAFTI mounts courses for its graduates leading to the award of Certificates, Diplomas and BA. Degrees. NAFTI is affiliated to the University of Ghana, Legon. Contact: Tel: Fax: Email: P.O. Box 25, Legon, Ghana. +233 21 77 76 10 +233 21 77 45 22 nafti@ghana.com Journalists for Human Rights(JHR) In the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Human Rights Declaration, Journalists for Human Rights (JHR) is dedicated to increasing the quality and quantity of human rights reporting in the African media. As a result of this work, the African public will be made more aware of their rights, improving peace and security and strengthening the democratisation process. In consultation with African human rights experts, NGO’s and the media, JHR is working to train journalists in Ghana about human rights issues. Contact: Tel: Email: Web: c/o Alexandra Levesque DTD 8, First Street, Kuku Hill, OSU, Accra, Ghana +233 24 46 12 980 nana@jhr.ca www.jhr.ca 180

Print Media Government-owned newspapers Daily Graphic Tel:+233 21 68 40 01-6 Fax:+233 21 68 40 25 Email: online-editor@graphicghana.com Web: www.graphic.com.gh The Mirror (Government-owned weekly), Accra, Tel:+233 21 68 40 01/ 6/ 2 Web: www.graphic.com.gh The Ghanaian Times Tel:+233 21 22 82 82/ 22 59 13 Fax+233 21 22 93 98 Web: /www.ghanaweb.com/times/ Weekly Spectator Accra Phone:+233 21 22 82 82/ 6 Privately owned daily papers The Dispatch Tel:+233 21 76 33 39 Fax:+233 21 76 15 41 The Statesman Tel:+233 21 23 32 42/ 78 06 78 Fax:+233 21 78 06 78 Accra Daily Mail Tel:+233 21 22 00 84 Fax:+233 21 22 00 84 Other papers(weekly/ monthly) Gye Nyame Concord(weekly), Phone:+233(0)20 8161563 Fax:+233(0)21 317890 www.ghanaweb.com/concord/ Ghanaian Palaver(bi-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21-232495 or 850495 Fax:+233(0)21 850495 The Palaver(weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 850495 www.ghana-palaver.com Network Herald(tri-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 7011844 (0)20 2011772 Business& Financial Times, Phone:+233(0)21 223339 Fax: +233(0)21 775449 www.financialtimesghana.com/ The Ghanaian Chronicle Tel:+233 21 22 23 19/ 22 77 89 +233 28 24 53 85 Fax:+233 21 23 26 08 Email: chronical@africaonline.com.gh Web: www.ghanaian-cronicle.com The Daily Guide Tel:+233 21 23 27 60 Fax:+233 21 23 14 59 Web: www.dailyguidenews.com/ Heritage/ Weekend Heritage(bi-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 258820-5 Fax:+233(0)21 258823 www.theheritagenews.com Top Story(weekly), Phone: +233(0)21 20666 Fax:+233(0)21 223046 Weekly Insight, Phone:+233(0)21 661048 Standard(Catholic, weekly) Phone:+233(0)21 500491-2 Fax:+233(0)21 500493 Ghanaian Voice(bi-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21-226943/ 314939 Fax: +233(0)21 315547 www.ghanaianvoice.com/ 181

Other papers(weekly/ monthly) Business& Financial Times, Phone:+233(0)21 223339 Fax:+233(0)21 775449 www.financialtimesghana.com/ Free Press (tri-weekly) Phone:+233(0)21 226604 Fax:+233(0)21 226604 The Spark(fortnightly), Phone:+233(0)21 232713 Crusading Guide(tri-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 770361 Fax:+233(0)21 761541 The Searchlight, Phone:+233(0)24 4206890 Ashanti Independent, Phone:+233(0)51 24079/ 223435 Ghanaian Democrat, Phone:+233(0)21 221084 / 760804 Fax:+233(0)21 76084 Evening Digest, Phone:+233(0)21 221071 The Sunday Echo, Phone:+233(0)21 248891 Fax:+233(0)21 246509 Kotoko Express, Phone:+233(0)21 223265/ 222242 Ghanaian News runner(online) info@newsrunner.com www.newsrunner.com Ghanaian Voice(bi-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21-226943/ 314939 Fax:+233(0)21 315547 www.ghanaianvoice.com/ Insight(bi-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 25 70 95 Fax: +233(0)21 257095 Public Agenda(tri-weekly), Phone:+233(0)21 23 882 0/ 21 People& Places(bi-weekly), Phone:+233 (0)21 226942 Fax:+233(0)21 232526 The Independent, Phone: +233(0)21 239338/ 850274 The Pioneer(weekly) Kumasi Vanguard, Phone:+233(0)21 762186 Fax:+233(0)21 236418 Kumasi Mail, Phone and Fax:+233(0)51 312757 Kasoa Today(central reg.pres), Phone:+233(0)244-603097, or(0)244 746327 Fax:+233(0)21 851778 Phobia, Phone:+233(0)21 776411 182

Radio Stations Nationwide GBC 1(Radio 1) GBC 2(Radio 2) Ghana Broadcasting Corporation(GBC) P.O Box 1633, Accra, Ghana. Phone:+233(0)21 221161/ 224740 Fax:+233(0)21 221157 Email: gbc@ghana.com Accra and Tema Joy FM 99.7 Phone:+233(0)21 238268, 233558-60 Fax:+233(0)21 224405 Choice Radio FM 102.3 Phone:+233(0)21 761668/9 Fax:+233(0)21 7011522 Radio Universe FM Phone:+233(0)21 500782 Fax:+233(0)21 512963 Top Radio 103.1 Phone:+233(0)21 248292/3, 250468 Fax:+233(0)21 248294 Atlantis Radio Fm 87.9 Phone:+233(0)21 237602, 248642 Fax:+233(0)21 256461 Happy FM 98.9 Phone:+233(0)21 667879, 667898 Fax:+233(0)21 246509 France Radio FM 89.5 Phone:+233(0)21 773134/ 760278 BBC Radio FM101.3 Phone:+233(0)21 2216118/ 9 Radio Hit FM 103.7 Phone:+233(0)21 233165 Sunny FM 88.7 Phone:+233(0)21 231929 Citi FM 97.3 Phone:+233(0)21 761360 Gold FM 90.5 Phone: +233(0)21 231976, 231980, 311977 Fax:+233(0)21 300284 Vibe Fm 91.9 Phone:+233 021 771115, 771117 Fax:+233(0)21 233840 Channel R FM 92.7 Phone:+233(0)21 510399,510400 Fax:+233(0)21 510400 Peace FM 104.3 Phone:+233(0)21 406767, 406667 Fax:+233(0)21 406531 Adom FM106.3 Phone:+233(0)22 206307/ 204354 Fax: +233(0)22 412927/ 204350 Unique FM 95.7 Phone:+233(0)21 233558/ 60 Radio Unive 105.7 Phone:+233(0)21 500782 Obonu FM96.7 Phone:+233(0)22 221924/ 211161 Radio Ada FM 93.7 Phone:+233(0)968 500906 Meridian FM 100.5 Phone:+233(0)22 210910 183

Ashanti Region Otec FM99.9 Phone:+233(0)51 26383/ 27433 Garden City FM 92.1 Phone:+233(0)51 29374/ 2233 Radio Mercury FM 91.5 Phone:+233(0)51 21958/ 21591/ 4 Fox FM 97.9 Phone:+233(0)51 34058 Invisible FM 104.5 Phone:+233(0)51 38571/ 36550 Spirit FM 88.3 Phone:+233(0)51 770344 Western Region GBC 94.7 Phone:+233(0)31- 22987/ 33443 Rock FM 98.7 Phone:+233(0)31 29338/ 9 Twin City FM 94.7 Phone:+233(0)31 229887 Good News FM 96.3 Phone:+233(0)31 24888 Central Region Radio Central Phone:+233 (0)42 37001 GBC Swedru 82.5 Phone:+233(0)41 32237/ 32800 U.C.W. Radio. 101.95 Phone:+233(0)432 22449 ATL FM 100.5 Phone:+233(0)42 33499/32440 Kapital FM 97.1 Phone:+233(0)51 29040 UST FM 94.3 Phone: +233(0)51 23137/ 23534 Shaft FM 98.1 Phone:+233(0)51 05824 Luv FM 99.5 Phone:+233(0)51 21576 Canttato FM 94.3 Phone:+233(0)51 23137 Hello FM 102.1 Phone:+233(0)51 80871 Tarkwa Ust 88.9 Phone:+233 (0)362- 20323 Sunrise FM 92.7 Phone:+233(0)277 574853 Dynamite FM 88.9 Phone:+233(0)362 20323 Skyy Power FM 93.5 Phone:+233(0)31 22433 Radio Valco Phone:+233(0)42 37014 Radio Peace Fm 88.9 Phone:+233(0)432 22478 Swedru Radio FM 98.6 Phone:+233(0)41 32237 Yes FM102.9 Phone:+233(0)42 37388/31013 184

Eastern Region Eastern FM 105.1 Phone:+233(0)81 23480 Life FM 98.7 Phone:+233(0)842 22012 Brong Ahafo Region Asta FM103.9 Phone:+233(0)653 22368 GBC 94.9 Phone:+233(0)648 22025 Shalom Radio FM 100.3 Phone:+233 (0)642 22039 Dormaa Radio FM 94.9 Phone:+233(0)648 22025 Volta Region Ho Poly Technique FM 98.1 Phone:+233(0)91 45600 Volta Star FM 91.05 Phone:+233(0)91- 26000 Northern Region Radio Savanna FM 91.2 Phone:+233(0)71 23577, Fax:+233(0)71 233461 Diamond FM: Phone+233(0)71 23261, Fax:+233(0)71 23181 Upper East Region UW Radio/ GBC 90.0 Phone: +233(0)756 22024 Radio FIDS 101.7 Phone:+233(0)243 358 930 Upper West Region URA Radio/ GBC FM 89.7 Phone:+233(0)72 3065/ 6 Obouba FM 91.7 Phone:+233(0)842 22513/ 22054 Skyy Radio FM 96.7 Phone:+233 (0)61 27413 Chris FM 88.9 Phone:+233(0)642 22052 Classic FM 91.9 Phone:+233(0)642 22052 Comboni Center FM 98.7 Phone:+233(0)902 210370 Justice FM: Phone: +233(0)7124570, Fax:+233(0)71 24578 Fila FM: Phone+233(0)71 22346 Radio Progress Fm 98.1 Phone:+233(0)756 22730/22848 185

Television Stations Metropolitian Entertainment TV(Metro TV) Tel:+233 21 76 57 01/ 2 Fax:+233 21 76 57 03 Email: talalmtv@ghana.com Ghana Broadcasting Corporation(GBC) Contact: P.O Box 1633, Accra, Ghana Tel:+233 21 22 11 61/ 22 93 87/ 22 11 59/ 22 47 40 Fax:+233 21 22 11 57/ 22 11 65 Email: gbc@ghana.com TV 3 Tel:+233 21 76 34 63/ 22 86 97 Fax:+233 21 76 34 79 TV Africa Tel:+233 21 22 87 02 Ghana Television(GTV) Tel:+233 21 77 32 40/ 22 11 07 Crystal TV (local station in Kumasi) 186

Useful Adresses Government President: Vice President: J.A. K. Kufuor(NPP) Al-Haji Aliu Mahama(NPP) Contact: P.O. Box 1672, Castle-Osu Accra, Ghana. Further research tips and useful web sites: Official Government Site: Elections 2000: Party Manifestos 2000: www.ghana.gov.gh http://212.67.202.38/~gri/Elect2000.html http://212.67.202.38/~gri/Elect2000.html#Mani Parliament of Ghana Contact: Office of the Parliament, State House, Accra, Ghana. Tel:+233 21 66 85 14 Email: parclerk@ghana.com The Speaker and two Deputy Speakers, the Chief Whip and two Deputy Chief Whips, as well as one Majority and one leader from the Minority group head the Parliament. Ministries Ministry of Defense Minister: Kwame Addo- Kufuor Contact: Burma Camp Accra Tel:+233 21 77 61 11- 5 Fax:+233 21 77 61 11 Ministry of Justice and Attorney General Minister: Mr. Ayikoi Otoo Contact: P.O. Box M60, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 50 51/ 68 21 02 Fax:+233 21 66 76 09 Email: attorneygeneral@ghana.com Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Minister: Mr. Charles Bintim, Contact: P.O. Box M50, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 47 63/ 66 36 68 Fax:+233 21 66 80 71 Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Minister: Felix Owusu Agyapong, Contact P.O Box 1627 State House, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 53 49/ 66 72 51 Fax:+233 21 66 72 51 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo Contact: P.O Box M53, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 49 51- 3 Fax:+233 21 68 00 17 E-mail: ghmfaoo@ghana.com Ministry of Food and Agriculture Minister: Ernest Debrah Contact: P.O. Box M37 Ministries, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 30 36/ 61 71 360 Fax:+233 21 66 82 45 Email: info@mofa.gov.gh Web: www.mofa.gov.gh 187

Ministries(continued) Ministry of Regional Cooperation and NEPAD Minister: Dr. Kofi Konadu Apraku Contact: P.O. Box CT 633, Accra Tel:+233 21 77 17 77/ 77 30 11 Fax:+233 21 77 17 78 Ministry of Trade and Industry Minister: Alan Kyeremateng, Contact: P.O. Box M47, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 33 27 Fax:+233 21 66 24 28 Email: mis-moti@africaonline.com.gh Ministry of Mines Minister: Mrs. Cecilia Bannerman, Contact: P.O. Box 40 Stadium, Accra Tel:+233 21 67 23 37 Fax:+233 21 66 68 01 Ministry of Tourism and Modernization of the Capital City Minister: Jake Otanka Obetsebi Lamptey, Contact: P.O. Box 4386, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 67 01 Fax:+233 21 66 61 82 Email: motgov@hotmail.com Web: www.ghanatourism.gov.gh Ministry of Works and Housing Minister: Hackman Owusu-Agyemang, Contact: P.O. Box M43, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 59 40 Fax:+233 21 66 76 89 Ministry of Roads and Transport Minister: Dr. Richard Anane, Contact: P.O. Box M57, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 73 25/ 66 15 75 Fax:+233 21 67 36 76 Ministry of Communications and Technology Minister: Mr. Kan Depaah, Contact: P.O. Box M42, Accra Tel:+233 21 68 56-06 Fax:+233 21 66 71 14 Email: moct@ghana.gov.gh Ministry of Energy Minister: Prof Mike Oquaye, Contact: P.O. Box MB40 Stadium, Accra Fax:+233 21 66 82 62 Email: energy1@ncs.com.gh www.energycom.gov.gh Ministry of Lands and Forest Minister: Prof. Dominic Fobih, Contact: P.O. Box M212, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 59 49 Fax:+233 21 66 68 96 Email: motgov@hotmail.com Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports Minister: Yaw Osafo Maafo, Contact: P.O. Box M45, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 27 72 Fax:+233 21 66 40 67 Ministry of Health Minister: Courage Quarsghigah, Contact: P.O. Box M44, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 61 51 Fax:+233 21 66 38 10 Ministry of Woman and Children’s Affairs Minister: Hajia Alima Mahama, Contact: P.O. Box M186, Accra Tel:+233 21 25 54 11/ 68 81 81 Fax:+233 21 68 81 82 Ministry of Science and Environment Minister: Christine Churcher, Contact: P.O. Box 232, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 60 49 Fax:+233 21 66 68 28 Ministry of Manpower and Development Minister: Joseph Kofi Ada, Contact: P.O. Box 1627 State House, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 53 49/ 66 72 51 Fax:+233 21 66 72 51 188

Ministry of Interior Minister: Mr. Paapa Owusu-Ankomah, Contact: P.O Box M42, Accra Tel:+233 21 66 26 88/ +233 21 68 44 07 Fax:+233 21 66 74 50 Ministry of Information Minister: Daniel Adjei Botwe, Contact: P.O. Box 745, Accra Tel:+233 21 22 80 59/ 22 80 54 Fax:+233 21 23 58 00 Email: mipa@ghana.gov.gh Ministry of Private Sector Development and PSI’s Minister: Kwamena Bartels, Accra, Ghana. Tel:+233(0)21 678361 Email: mpsd@africaonline.com.gh Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Minister: Kwadwo Baah Wiredu, Contact: P.O. Box M40, Accra Tel:+233 21 68 62 04 Fax:+233 21 66 88 79 189

Guidelines for the Publication of Rejoinders Introduction Article 162(6) of the 1992 Constitution states as follows: “ Any medium for dissemination of information to the public which publishes a Statement about or against any person shall be obliged to publish a rejoinder, if any from the person in respect of whom the publication was made”. In line with the above provision, the following guidelines shall apply for the publication of rejoinders: Guideline 1 An aggrieved person or his/her duly authorised could write the rejoinder. Reason: This is because under certain circumstances the nature of the rejoinder may require a professional knowledge which the aggrieved person himself may not have. Guideline 2 The same prominence must be given to the rejoinder as the article or news item complained of. For example if the article or news item was a front- page story, the rejoinder must also be on the front- page. In electronic media, the rejoinder must be broadcast the same time segment of the said information. Reason: Mass Communication research has shown that, some newspaper pages are more read than others. It has also shown that there are peak times for listening to Radio and TV. In a nutshell this would ensure fairness to the aggrieved person. Guideline 3 In carrying a rejoinder, a medium should make it clear that it is indeed a rejoinder, unless the consent of the person has been expressly sought and expressly given, the language and the content of the rejoinder must be carried as given without comments. Reason: If editors were allowed to edit such rejoinders there is the danger of editors taking this advantage to make interpolations and other such tempering which would alter the meaning of the words to suit the editor. The editor could even decide for lack of space to edit and publish the rejoinder in two installments to water- down its effectiveness. Guideline 4 Media houses shall publish a rejoinder within a reasonable length of time not exceeding the next three(3) issues of receiving the rejoinder in the case of dailies and two(2) issues in the case of weeklies and other publications of the print media, and in the case of the electronic media, at most three days after the offensive publication. Reason: Due to the time lines of information this would ensure that the media houses will not intentionally or negligently delay the publication of the rejoinder. It is also intended to prevent the dying out of an issue before the rejoinder is published. Guideline 5 All rejoinders shall be copied to the National Media Commission(NMC). Reason: This process would help in policing the media houses to live up to expectation since there could be the tendency of media houses refusing to publish such rejoinders. This would also help forestall a situation where the media houses claims it has not 190

received the said rejoinder. The copy at the National Media Commission will serve as back up copy. This will also enable parties to sort wishes out especially if the party sending the rejoinder has reason to believe that the rejoinder has been edited unfairly by the media house. It will also give the National Media Commission a data base for research into audience and complaints. Guideline 6 All complaints with regard to rejoinders should be sent to the National Media Commission. Reason: The National Media Commission should always be the first point of call for all media related problems. Guideline 7 Rejoinders may cover the same amount of space and airtime as the publication complained of. Reason: Complaints about space and airtime shall be resolved under the auspices of NMC. To be fair to the aggrieved person. Guideline 8 A person who does not get his rejoinder published or broadcast programme may lodge complaint in writing to the National Media Commission. Reason: This is to prevent a situation where the aggrieved person waits endlessly to get a rejoinder published. Note: Where rejoinders contain libelous contents, the matter may be referred to the NMC for redress 191

National Media Commission- Guidelines for Political Reporting Introduction The Constitution which is the fundamental law of the land assigns certain roles to a number of institutions to promote a democratic culture in Ghana. Two of the most important of these institutions are the media and, in the light of the fact that ours is a multi-party democracy, the political parties. Political parties give meaning to the citizens right to freedom of association; they are groupings of people of like mind, generally with identifiable political objective, coming together to canvass their points of view, Together with other institutions, they are enjoined not to preach doctrines and perform acts that will undermine or jeopardise the national desire for development through democracy. On the contrary, they are required to actively promote and protect democracy. The media are expected to perform two very crucial roles: 1. To provide fair, accurate and comprehensive information to enable citizens make intelligent political(economic, social cultural etc) decisions; and 2. To give fair and adequate opportunity or citizens to express their divergent views. (Article 163) This means that within their limited resources, the media must not only provide the information raw materials for citizens decision-making, but also create opportunities for all citizens to express themselves freely within the law. It is clear that in fashioning the role for the media, the framers of the Constitution took careful note of the aspirations and needs of the people of Ghana which they have sought, in Chapter 12, to convey to the media practitioners: that is important to our people who get into the seat of power- that is, who run their affairs- and how they perform when they get the power. Media practitioners are, normally required at all times to publish truthful, unbiased information. This becomes doubly important in the competing tension-strewn world of politics. The Constitution attempts to assure the provision of every opportunity to the public to scrutinise candidates offered by political parties for election as well as the political agenda of these parties for the governance of the country, by making these two important media functions mandatory. Constitutional provisions seek to ensure that the media give wide coverage to political activity and do so in the most professional manner possible. This is expected not to be limited to the period of elections only; the media must at all times, give the public the opportunity to make elections and the entire process of democratic governance meaningful. The same Chapter 12 created the 18 member National Media Commission, to be the guide, mediator and watchdog of the media. It is the Commission’s clear constitutional responsibility to protect the media from any interference while ensuring that it does not, itself, interfere in the professional functions of the media. And at the same time, the Constitution also mandates the Commission to ensure that the media grow, perform and progress responsibly.(Article 167(6)). Thus, it is the Commission’s clear responsibility to ensure that every effort is made by the media to raise the practice of the profession to the highest level obtaining anywhere. 192

In the light of, in particular, this last responsibility, these guidelines are offered to the media. It is to be regarded as a guide to help on avoiding the pitfalls that dot the landscape of media practice. These guidelines are the product of consultations with the media as well as individuals from various backgrounds and disciplines. The tone and the thrust are hortatory rather that compelling in line with the Commission’s belief in the use of persuasion as opposed to compulsion to get the best out of our media. Flowing from that, the Commission believes that practitioners will appreciate the importance and the need to operate in such a manner that will win them the sustainable true respect and an enduring admiration of the public at large. It is in this spirit that the Commission commends this guide to practitioners and the public alike. SECTION A Aims of Political Coverage 1. Coverage of political activities must include the aim of collecting and disseminating truthful, unbiased information on political parties and their activities to the public. 2. This means that the practitioners must seek to provide the public with information that would enable the electorate to make intelligent choices during elections. 3 It calls for practitioners to ensure that coverage is comprehensive and fair to all and that the information gathered is presented as objectively and impartially as possible. Covering Campaigns and Politics generally Both during election campaigns and in the day-to-day coverage of political activity. Practitioners must arm themselves with a good grounding in the political history of this country. This will enable them to understand the alignments(actual or perceived) that inform political activity in Ghana and help them to identify and properly place the locus of power at both national and local levels. Candidates for Public Office It is the duty of the media to help the electorate to assess the candidates to make elections meaningful. This duty requires them to provide accurate information about candidates. Importance of Discussing the Issues 1. The electorate must be given every opportunity to discuss and understand the issues. 2. Thus, apart from providing information about the candidates, media practitioners should balance discussions of personalities with analysis of the issues. Party Manifestos The media must do their utmost to make the parties manifestos intelligible to the electorate by subjecting them to objective analysis. 193

Providing Access 1. The public must be given access to the range of opinions and views held by the political and other legitimate groups as indicated in Article 163: All state owned media shall afford fair opportunities and facilities for the presentation of divergent views and dissenting opinions. The private media have a special responsibility to also afford fair opportunities and facilities for the presentation of divergent views and dissenting opinions. This constitutional provision requires among others that regular conferences and congresses and the press conferences of the parties must be covered equally and fairly by the media 2. Other relevant provisions are Article 55(11): The state shall provide fair opportunity to all political parties to present their programmes to the public by ensuring equal access to the state-owned media. and Article 55(12): All presidential candidates shall be given the same amount of time and space on the state-owned media to present their programmes to the people. Avoiding Conflict Views that promote violent conflict, especially political, social, cultural;, racial religious and ethnic should not be encouraged. Party Political Campaign Broadcast 1. Apart from the normal coverage of party political activities, including campaigns, there should be at least one party political broadcast for each registered party during the last month of the campaign. 2. Terms and conditions of the broadcast shall be the same for all parties. 3. The division and allocation of time within the allotted slot will be by the parties themselves in consultation with the media houses under the auspices of the National Media Commission. Political Advertising Where there is competition for limited advertising time or space, fair practises as enjoined by the Constitution.(Article 55(11),(12), and(163)) should be applied. SECTION B Political Involvement of Media Personnel 1. Media practitioners must remain neutral in partisan politics and avoid all association and activities that may compromise their integrity as journalists or damage their credibility, in order to be effective in the discharge of their duties. 2. Media practitioners, irrespective of political party affiliations and beliefs shall remain impartial in their dealings with political parties and in particular, shall be guided by the code of Ethics of the Ghana Journalists Association. 194

Politically Partisan Hosts/ Commentators 1. Any host of any political programme who is identified with a particular party should be asked to withdraw. 2. For both state-owned print and electronic media, no one overtly identified with a particular party may be permitted to report on political events or personalities, especially during election campaign periods. Endorsment of Candidates The state-owned media should, under no circumstances endorse candidates for political office. Personal preferences by individuals in the state-owned media of candidates, positions etc must also not be permitted to spill over into news reports. SECTION C Full Coverage of Election Process 1. Media houses must not limit their political coverage to just campaigns. Coverage should be extended to encompass all phases up to and including the declaration of the results. 2. As far as possible, the media shall endeavour to provide coverage at all levels of the political campaigning from the constituency to the national. 3. There will be the need for media practitioners to distinguish between the government and party activities in their reportage. Access of Incumbent during Campaign Period Presentation of government activities during elections should be weighed carefully to ensure that the incumbent government does not gain unfair access to the media Bona fide news should be covered without giving the impression of bias. Bribes and other Inducements Media practitioners must avoid all actions that could compromise their own integrity or issue of judgement or their reputation of their organisation by, for example, refusing to accept bribes or other inducements. SECTION D Respecting Other’s Rights Media practitioners must, as far as possible, avoid infringing others’ rights by, for instance, checking their facts correctly, and eschewing merely or gratuitously malicious, scandalous or defamatory publications. Using Party releases Journalists should not solely depend on handouts in view of the possibility of their promoting‘conduit journalism’ which is clearly not satisfactory.‘Conduit Journalism’ is the passing through of news without filtration, refinement or editing of any kind. 195

SECTION E Miscellaneous Matter 1. The media are enjoined to beware of exploitation and avoid unwitting advertisement for self-seekers. 2. All quotations, especially when they are politically controversial or are defamatory in language and terms, for example, jargons, technical abbreviations and political euphemisms not clearly or easily understandable, require to be verified and fully explained. 3. Controversial or offensive references to opponents must be avoided, if at all possible, unless there is a clear justification, and also are defensible in a court of law. 4. The deliberate presentation of scenes, episodes, facts, that are meant to excite passion, hatred, contempt and prejudice must not be entertained. 5. The media must, as far as possible, respect legitimate police order to clear away from a particular scene.(Police and other accredited security agents have security duties to perform, for instance, protecting certain categories of official and public property that might be endangered by refusal to obey such orders.) The police should also, as far as possible, respect the constitutional responsibility of media practitioners to the general public at all times. There should be mutual understanding to avoid conflict in the interest of the public. SECTION F Responsibilities of Political Parties 1. All statements, press releases and other forms of information for publication in the media must be signed by a representation duly identified to the media beforehand. 2. Parties must be sure to give all media houses adequate notice, at least 48 hours, of impending political party activity to allow for proper and adequate logistics arrange-ments. 3. Parties should clean their statements and releases of insulting language that could lead to public unrest or breach of peace. This, hopefully, will ensure that the media practitioners are not compelled by professional imperatives to edit out undignified or intemperate language- which they have the right to do- and thereby, offend parties. 4. There should be a clearly defined public relations or press relations department from where the media can obtain necessary information without difficulty. 5. Political parties are reminded that press conferences are not political rallies and therefore restricted to the press only. 6. It is the responsibility of the parties to assure that safety of media practitioners covering their assignments from their own supporters and, as far as possible, from other would-be molesters. 7. Parties must refrain from attempting to suborn news reporters through the offer of money and other such considerations. 196