Cambodia in ASEAN: Five Years Later eroberogeday bNÐit cab sufariT § Edited By Chap Sotharith ]btßmÖeday mUlniFi Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e)aHBums>s 2001 2002 (4)(5) na na 10.24 7.50 3.04 3.13 6.50 5.75 7.71 7.15 1.56 1.65 2.42 2.22 6.10 6.15 6.53 5.32 4.74 3.90 5.03 4.57 42 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk RbPB³ esovePAsßitiGas‘an qñaM 2004 taragTI 8³ karhUrcUlvinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs kñúgGas‘an tamRbeTs 1995qmasTI1 qñaM 2004 Host Countries 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1st Qtr 2004 19952003 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Brunei Darussalam 583 654 702 573 748 549 526 1,035 3,123 34 8,493 Cambodia 151 294 168 243 232 149 149 145 87 18 1,618 Indonesia 4,346 6,194 4,678-356-2,745-4,550-3,279 145-596 432 3,838 Lao PDR 88 128 86 45 52 34 24 25 19 5 502 Malaysia 5,815 7,297 6,323 2,714 3,895 3,788 554 3,203 2,473 927 36,062 Myanmar 318 581 879 684 304 208 192 191 128 n.a 3,484 Philippines 1,577 1,618 1,261 1,718 1,725 1,345 982 1,111 319-15 11,656 Singapore 11,503 9,303 13,533 7,594 16,067 17,218 15,038 5,730 11,431 5,775 107,416 Thailand 2,070 2,338 3,882 7,491 6,091 3,350 3,886 947 1,869 166 31,924 Viet Nam 1,780 1,803 2,587 1,700 1,484 1,289 1,300 1,200 1,450 N.A 14,594 ASEAN 28,231 30,209 34,099 22,406 27,853 23,379 19,373 13,733 20,304 7,342 219,587 ASEAN 5 25,311 26,750 29,676 19,161 25,033 21,151 17,181 11,136 15,496 7,285 190,895 BCLMV 2,920 3,459 4,422 3,245 2,820 2,229 2,192 2,597 4,808 – 28,691 RbPB³ esovePAsßitiGas‘an qñaM 2004 43 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk taragTI9 karnaMecjrbs;Gas‘an 1998- 2003 Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand ASEAN 10 ASEAN 6 1998 1,923.7 – 48,847.6 77,098.6 – 29,496.4 109,802.9 49,481.6 316,650.8 316,650.8 1999 2,340.7 – 48,665.5 84,287.9 744.8 35,036.9 114,625.1 56,110.9 341,811.8 341,067.0 2000 2,169.1 1,367.5 62,124.0 98,154.5 1,193.8 38,078.2 138,352.5 68,700.9 410,140.6 407,579.3 2001 3,530.4 1,495.1 56,317.6 88,031.6 2,218.4 32,150.2 121,686.8 64,925.6 370,355.7 366,642.3 2002 2,690.9 1,916.1 57,158.8 93,277.2 2,452.2 35,208.2 125,042.7 66,108.2 383,854.1 379,485.9 2003 3,211.1 2,115.7 61,058.2 99,377.6 4,463.8 36,231.2 143,483.3 80,450.1 430,391.1 423,811.5 tarag TI 10³ karnaMcUlrbs;Gas‘an 1998- 2003 Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Philippines 1998 1,276.3 – 27,336.9 60,976.5 – 29,659.9 1999 1,720.4 – 24,003.3 63,677.8 1,886.1 30,742.5 Singapore Thailand ASEAN 10 ASEAN 6 101,495.9 38,711.6 259,456.9 259,456.9 110,998.0 48,318.0 281,346.0 279,459.9 RbPB³ esovePAsßitiGas‘an qñaM 2004 2000 1,067.6 1,404.6 33,514.8 79,647.5 2,219.4 31,387.4 1) 134,680.1 61,935.3 345,856.7 342,232.7 2001 1,310.0 1,502.0 30,962.1 73,097.9 2,811.4 29,550.8 115,919.0 61,975.4 317,128.6 312,815.2 2002 1,600.4 1,664.8 31,288.9 78,797.8 2,118.1 33,576.4 116,336.4 62,729.9 328,112.6 324,329.8 2003 1,351.9 2,906.4 32,550.7 80,091.1 1,843.3 37,496.5 127,320.7 75,759.4 359,320.0 354,570.3 44 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk Gas‘an nig shKmn_snþisux eday Ék]tþm]tþmesnIy_eTa Nwm suvtþi GKÁnaykrg GKÁnaykdæan eyaFesva nayk naykdæanneya)ay nigEpnkarRksYgkarBarCati ngi CaGñkRsavRCavCan;x000 ém:l_ EtBMumansBaØa ekIt eLIgnUvs®gÁamrvagKñaGs;eBlCitmYystvtSmkehIy. RBMEdnTaMgRsugesÞIr BMumankmøaMgkarBareLIy. edayELkrvagGURsþalI nigjÚhSIELn bNþardæenA)al;Tik RBmTaMg rdæenAGWr:ubxaglic k¾)anTTYlbTBiesaFn_énkarksagshKmn_ snþisuxmYy d¾l¥pgEdr. ASEAN nig shKmn_snþisux eBlfµI²enH fñak;dwknaMRbeTsGas‘anrMBwgfa etInwgerobcMmUldæanmYy sRmab;karbegáIteLIgnUvshKmn_snþisuxGas‘an b¤ y:agNa? 48 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk KMnitsþIBIshKmn_snþisuxenH eRcInekIteLIgenAeBlEdl rdæmYycMnYn TTYlsÁal;fa enAkñúgtMbn; enAmankarxVHxatynþkar b¤rcnasm<½n§NamYysRmab; edaHRsaynUvvibtþi b¤bBaðaekIteLIg dUcCa vibtþihirBaØvtßúenAGasIu Edl)anekItman knøgmk. k¾b:uEnþktþaTaMgGs;enH k¾)anCMrujGas‘an[BinitüeLIgvijnUveKal CMhr Føab;GnuvtþyUrknøgmkehIy dUcCa karminGnþraKmn_ karmineRCotERCk RBmTaMg dMeNIrkarvishmCÄkar énshRbtibtiþkarGnþrtMbn;. kñúgeKalKMnitenH BitCaRtUvkar[manKMeragkarmYyEdlGnuBaØat[rdæ nanabMeBjkic©karCamYyKña edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasnþisuxsMxan;² BiessdUcCa bBaðaEdlmancritqøgEdn edayBMueFVI[mankarb:HBal;dl;eKalkarN_ mineRCok ERCk nigminGnþraKmn_. CakarBitehIyEdlfa esckþIRtUvkarcaM)ac;kñúgtMbn;KWshRbtibtiþkar rYmKña kñúgkarRbqaMgTb;Tl;ePrvkmµ]RkidækmµqøgEdn nigdMeNaHRsayCemøaH EdlGMeNaypl[RbeTsnanaTTYl)annUvCMnYyKaMRT eBlmanvibtþi b¤kar KMramkMEhgNamYyEdlekItmanCayfaehtu. dUc)anCRmabCUnxagedIm ehIyfaTsSnTansþIBIshKmn_snþisux)an ekIteLIgtaMgBIkNþalTsvtS 1950. Edl)anedAeq3° kñúgqñaM 2001 nig 5>5° kñúgqñaM 2002 nigRtUv)anrMBwgfa nwgekIneLIgdl; 6° kñúgqñaM 2003. RbeTsenHkMBugEtman dMeNIrkargak ecjCabeNþIr² BIesdækic©ksikmµénTsvtSr_ 80 eq4° dl; GDP kñúgqñaM 2001 nigpþl;kargar 80° kñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdækñúg v½yeFVIkargar. ya:gNak¾edayvis½ydéTeTot]TahrN_vis½ykmµnþsal eTscrN_ nigesvakmµ)anekIneLIgCalMdab;. 67 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk tarag plitplkñúgRsuksrubGDP ¦ nigplitplkñúgRsuksrubsMrab;mnusSmñak; Table Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and Per Capital GDP 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 GDP KitCaBan;erol 8,594 9,371 GRtakMeNIn 9.0% KitCa (%) GDP sMrab; mnusS mñak; Kit 907 941 Ca 000erol GRtakMeNIn KitCa (%) 3.8% GDP KitCa landuløar 3,128 3,646 GRtakMeNIn KitCa (%) 16.6% GDP sMrab; mnusSmñak; 330 336 KitCaduløar Gaemric 10,017 6.9% 957 1.6% 4,060 11.4% 388 10,514 11,231 11,647 5.0% 6.8% 3.7% 12,903 13,810 10.8% 7.0% 953 965 956 1,032 1,077 -0.4% 3,983 -1.9% 361 1.3%-0.9% 8.0% 3,755 3,086 3,383 -5.7%-17.8% 9.6% 323 253 271 4.3% 3,579 5.8% 279 2001 14,593 2002 15,392 5.7% 5.5% 1,110 1,142 3.1% 3,719 3.9% 283 2.9% 3,926 5.6% 219 68 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk GRtakMeNIn KitCa (%) 10.9% karcMNayeRbI 8,087 8,476 R)as;cugeRkay rbs;RKYsar (HFCE) HFCE sMrab;mnusSmñak; 854 851 KitCa 000erol HFCE sMrab; mnusSmñak;RbcaM Ex KitCaerol 71,131 70,956 5.9% 9,328 891 74,244 -6.9%-10.6%-21.5% 6.8% 3.1% 1.4% 3.0% 9,993 9,927 10,797 11,490 11,838 11,868 12,090 906 853 886 919 923 903 897 75,466 71,072 73,834 76,581 76,919 75,224 74,778 kar)a:n;sµancMnYnRbCaBlrdæ KitCalannak; Population Estimate(As of July, in million)¦ (Estimated based on NIS polupation count as of January 1999) kar)a:n;sµanEp¥keTAelIcMnYnRbCaraRsþ rbs;viTüasßanCatisßiti enAEx mkra qñaM 1999 9,474 9,954 10,470 11,034 11,640 12,186 12,503 12,825 13,148 13,473 69 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk GRtabþÚrR)ak;CapøÚvkar / duløarGaemric¦ Official Exchange rate(Riels/US$)(Average mid-point buying and selling rate) ; nigéføTij¦ 2747 2570 2467 2640 2991 3774 3814 3859 3924 3921 plitplkñúgRsuksrub (GDP) tamskmµPaBesdækic© GRtakMeNInKitCaPaKry Gross Domestic Product(GDP) by Economic Activity ksikmµensaT nig éRBeQI 70 taméføesßr qñaM 2000 (in constant 2000 prices) 93-94 r/ 94-95 r/ 95-96 r/ 96-97 r/ 97-98 r/ 98-99 r/ 99-00 r/ 00-01 r/ 01-02 p/ 11.2% 3.3% 1.0% 6.4% 5.8% 3.4%-1.5% 2.2%-2.7% dMNaM 2.6% bsustVnigbsubkSI 2.6% ensaT -3.1% éRBeQI nigGaCIvkmµeQI 95.7% ]sSahkmµ 17.2% karrukrkEr: 29.4% kmµnþsal 13.8% mðÚbGahar ePsC¢³nig fñaMCk; -2.6% tm,aj sM elokbMBak; nigEs,keCIg 25.8% eQI Rkdas; nige)aHBum< 75.5% karplit ekAs‘U -8.5% km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk 11.3% 3.1%-1.5% 8.6% 15.1% 3.0% 0.5%-5.8% 11.3% 1.5% 0.5% 6.3%-1.2%-9.4% 11.6% 1.2% 8.2% 4.6% 5.6% 3.9%-1.6% 5.9% 6.8% 1.3% 8.2%-15.7% 52.3% 1.8%-13.8%-25.6%-18.9%-9.3% 23.2% 5.2% 19.6%-2.5% 19.3% 30.7% 12.9% 17.7% 20.0%-13.7%-1.8%-13.7% 32.8% 24.8% 13.4% 18.7% 24.3% 13.8% 30.9% 2.1% 17.3% 29.5% 14.2% 15.1% 18.2%-0.4% 2.3% 8.6% 4.7%-5.4% 4.5%-2.0% 77.4% 69.6% 89.9% 30.0% 34.6% 63.4% 22.7% 21.0% 30.0% 5.3% 45.1%-55.4%-16.1%-11.9%-31.9% 13.3% 19.5% 21.4% 3.7% 76.4% 14.8% 10.0% 0.8%-0.7% 71 karplit déTeTot GKÁsnI-]sµ & n nigTwks¥at sMNg; esvakmµ BaNiC¢kmµ sNæaKarnig ePaCnIydæan dwkCBa¢Ún nig KmnaKmn_ hirBaØvtßú rdæa)alsaFarN³ GclnRTBü nig CnM Yj esvakmµdéTeTot 72 10.5% km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk 7.1% 10.9% 6.0% 9.5% 18.9% 14.0% 11.7% 14.0% 8.6% 36.2% 0.8% 1.3% 3.7% 3.8% 4.0% 2.5% 2.5% 23.4% 20.8% -2.0% 8.4% -11.5% 5.1% 18.1% 42.5% -8.5% 7.8% 2.2% 0.6% -2.5% 3.4% 9.1% 3.3% -15.7% 27.4% 4.8% 10.9% 2.4% 1.8% -1.3% 18.5% 36.8% 5.7% -2.1% 14.4% 9.6% 4.2% 0.9% 18.1% 26.8% 4.5% 0.8% 11.4% 11.4% 7.1% 11.6%-6.6% 1.5% 23.0% 4.2% 9.9% 0.8% 21.5% 138.9% 6.7% 71.3%-6.4% 23.9% -22.5% 3.9% 6.5% 3.6% 4.2% 6.7% -9.5% 19.7% 10.8%-1.2% 10.1% 8.0% 24.4% -0.8% 3.8% -8.2% -2.4% 3.1% -5.7% 1.6% 3.2% 8.8%-0.5% 18.8%-2.9% 16.1% 28.8% 24.0% 2.3% 16.8% Bn§elIplitpl dk]btßmÖFn km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk 80.8% 1.8% 14.3% 5.3%-2.4% 39.2% 4.5% 7.1% 10.6% dk ³]btßmÖFn dk ³ R)ak;kMér FnaKar 104.7% 128.1% 90.6%-61.6% 93.6%-24.6% 171.7% 5.5% 21.5% 269.1%-19.8% 65.6%-6.4%-11.3% 23.1%-4.7% 57.1% -5.3% plitplkñúg Rsuksrub (GDP) 9.0% 6.9% 5.0% 6.8% 3.7% 10.8% 7.0% 5.7% 5.3% r/ kar)a:n;sµanEktMrUveLIgvij p/ kar)a:n;sµandMbUg Growth Rate in Percent r/- revised estimates p/- preliminary estimates RbPB ³ viTüasßanCatisißti (2002) nig CDRI(2002) 73 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk bnÞab;BIrdæaPi)alfµIRtUvbegáIteLIgkñúgqñaM 1993 edayRbkan;x¢ab; nUvkmµviFIEktRmUvrcnasm<½n§ rbs;mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati (IMF) RbeTs km<úCasMerc)aneCaKC½yCaRbvtþisaRsþ. GtiprNaRtUv)ankat;bnßyBI kMritCag 100° enAcugTsvtSr_ 90 rhUtdl;ticCag 5° kñúgry³eBl 7 qñaMcug eRkayenH. BaNiC¢kmµ nigkarvinieyaK RKb;kardak;kMhitelIbrimaNRtUv)andkecjesÞIrEtTaMgRsug. kardak; kMhiteFVI[smtßPaB Rkumh‘un nigbuKÁlmankMrit kñúgkareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ GnþrCati. kñúgeBlfµI²enH rbbtaragBn§KyRtUv)anEksMrYlya:geRcIn RbePT GRta Bn§Ky)ankat;bnßyBI12 Rkummkdl; RtwmEt4 Rkum nigTMnijEdlmanGRta Bn§Kyx7° kñúgGMLúgqñaM 1995-2001 EdlkñúgenaHTMnijnaMecjkñúgRsuk)anekIneLIg 26/8° nigTMnijnaMecj)anekIneLIg 8>8°. TMnijnaMcUlk¾)anekIneLIgya:gqab; rh½spgEdr edaymanGRtakMeNInRbcaMqñaM 13>5° kñúgry³eBldUcKña. TMnijnaMecjsßiteRkam RbB½n§GnueRKaHBaNiC¢kmµ (GSP) PaKeRcInCa sMelok bMBak;)anRKbdNþb;elIbrimaNTMnijnaMecj nig)anekIneLIgBI 2 landuløar kñúgqñaM 1994 dl;Cag 1141 landuløar kñúgqñaM 2001 Edl manGRtakMeNInCamFüm 270° kñúgmYyqñaM. km<úCa)anTak;Taj karvinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) Edlman cMnYnTwkR)ak;ekIneLIgenATsvtSr_qñaM 1990. dUctaragenH)anbgðaj c,as;fa ebIKitCasmamaRtkm<úCaTak;Taj)ankarvinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs eRcInCagRbeTs déTeTot cab;BIBak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM 1990 rhUtdl; qñaM 2001 TwkR)ak;vinieyaKCaduløar sMrab;ral; $ 1000 én p>s>s¦. sUm,IEtkñúgqñaM 2002 eRkABIRbeTscin nigevotNam km<úCa Tak;Taj)an karvinieyaKpÞal; BIbreTseRcInCagRbeTsdéTeTot Edlman eQµaHenAkñúgtarag ebIeFobeTAnwg TMhMesdækic©rbs;xøÜn. PaBl¥RbesIreLIg énsßanPaBneya)ay nig ma:RkUesdækic© RBmTaMgPaBebIkcMhénesdækic©)anCYysMrYlkargarenHya:g eRcIn. eyageTAtamtYelxCapøÚvkar rbs;RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa RbeTs ma:eLsIu KWCaGñkvinieyaKFMCageKbMput kñúgGMLúgqñaM 1994-2001 edayman 75 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk cMENk 31/2° énvinieyaKTaMgGs; nig 79° eTot CavinieyaKmk BIRbeTs Gas‘ankñúgry³kaldUcKña. ma:eLsIu CaRbeTsTImYyEdl)an cuHhtßelxa elIkic©RBmeRBog karelIkElgTidæakareTVPaKICamYykm<úCaenAqñaM 1992 nig GñkvinieyaKma:eLsIu CaGñkcUlmkkm<úCaelIkdMbUgeK dUcenHehIyBYkeKTTYl )ansm,TanvinieyaKya:geRcInsn§wksn§ab; rYmmansm,TankñúgEpñkEr: nig éRBeQI. 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KMnitTI2 CaKMnitk,t;viTüasaRsþ. eKdwg¡ EteKenAEtbMBan eRBaHeK elµaPR)ak;. GñkmanxøH RKan;EteXIjkarpSaym:UtsMelokbMBak;enAtamTUrTsSn_ énRbeTsCitxagPøam k¾Rbjab;Rbjal; eTA[Cagkat;edr kat;tamm:UdsMelok bMBak;enaH Etkñúgry³eBl 2 b¤ 3 em:agb:ueNÑaH. rIÉGñkRkxøHk¾rt;tambBaða enHEdr eRBaHkMu[caj;GñkmaneBk. yuvCn nwgekµgCMTg;enAtamTIRkug k¾dUcCaenA 90 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk tamCnbTEdrminmancMNUlcitþ cMeBaHkarraMvg;raMk,ac;raMsara:van;eT EteKcUlcitþ GVIEdlehAfa karraMjak;minRtUvRCug mindUcRbPBedImrjIrj½r. enHCakarrt; tamKña BIPUmimYyeTAPUmimYy BIRsukmYyeTARsukmYy BIextþmYyeTAextþmYy EdlxVHcMNat;taMg xVHkarGb;rM EdlmanlkçN³CaRbB½n§. müa:geTotkñúgkarGb;rM nigkarbNþúHbNþalFnFanmnusS eKeRcIn Etniyayafa RtUvrt;tamesdækic©TIpSaresrI. b:uEnþ eKePøcniyayafa RtUvbegáIn ktþaskmµénesdækic©TIpSaresrI nigbnßyktþaGskmµrbs;va. ehtuenH FnFan mnusSEdleKplit)aneRcIn eRcInEtCaGñkmancMeNHviTüasaRsþ EdlxVH sIlFm’. 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X-karRbT,gRbNaMgedIm,IeCaKC ½ yTaMgGs;Kña eyIg)anrs;enArab;stvtSmkehIy EdlmuCcUleRCAeTAkñúg vb,Fm’ s®gÁam kñúgvb,Fm’EdlehtuplénkMlaMg)ay QñHelIkmøaMgénehtupl. KWmin EmnCakarBnül;[yl;eT EtCakarykQñH. QñHedaysareyIgeRbIRKb; meFüa)ay. etIeyIgTTYlplcMeNjGVIxøH? tamkarBit enaHCaehtuplmYy EdlbBa¢k;fa eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§Etxatbg;. eyIg)ancMeNjrab;stvtSmkehIynUv éføs®gÁam nigCIvitmnusS Edl Catémøx>> man Gtßn½yya:gsMxan; sRmab;[vb,Fm’rbs;eyIgmanGtßiPaBrwgmaMCamYynwgBhuvb,Fm’EdlQancUlmkBIxageRkA. kUnFM kUn tUcsuT§EtRtUvmansiTi§esrIPaB EtkareRbIsiTi§esrIPaBminGacXøatq¶ayBI karTUnµan karENnaM rbs;Em:«eLIy. rebobrs;enAtamsm½yynþehaH CaktþasMxan; Etk¾minKYr bMePøcrebobrs;enA tamreTHeKaEdr. R)ak;Caktþa caM)ac;sRmab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶ EtminKYrcat;TukR)ak;Ca ecAhVaynayrbs;xøÜneLIy. g-esckþIsnñidæan RbeTsnImYy²manvb,Fm’edayELkrbs;xøÜn. CnCatinImYy² man vb,Fm’edayELkrbs;xøÜn. enAkñúgRbeTsmYy EdlmansBa¢atieRcIn k¾man vb,Fm’eRcInEdr. edIm,IrYmrs;CamYyKña)an CnCatiTaMgenaHRtUv TTYlsÁal; PaBedayELkpg nigPaBrYmpg. enAkñúgBiPBelakEdlmanRbCaCatid¾eRcIn Bhuvb,Fm’kMBugEtqøgkat; KñaeTAvijeTAmk. vb,Fm’bs©wmRbeTskMBugT®nÞancUlmkkñúgRbeTsdéT eTot 96 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk EteTaHbItic b¤eRcIn bs©wmRbeTsk¾TTYl\Ti§Blvb,Fm’én RbeTs déTvijEdr. karqøgKñarvagvb,Fm’ nigvb,Fm’ Caktþabranum½tenAkñúgyuKsm½ysaklPavUbnIykmµenH. dMeNIrsaklPavUbnIykmµ EdlkMBugmanvisalPaBTUlMTUlay Etgman RCugl¥ nigRCugGaRkk;rbs;va BitCaeFVI[vb,Fm’rbs;xøÜnrs;enARbkbeday lkçN³écñRbDit. b:uEnþ karbnßy\Ti§BlénRCugGaRkk;enaH RtUvEtRbRBwtþeTA eRkamvicarNjaNRbkbedayviFIsaRsþ. kgVHviFIviTüasaRsþ kgVHbBaØaRbmUlpþúM sMrab;edaHRsaytamC¿hannImYy² GacbNþal[vb,Fm’Exµrlic)at;bnþicmþg². Blrdæmñak;²RtUvmansµartITTYlxusRtUv dUcEdl hSg; b:UlsaRt (Jean Paul Sartre) )anGHGagfa ³{mnusSTTYlxusRtUvRKb;naTI. mnusS TTYlxusRtUvGVI²TaMgGs; enAcMeBaHmuxGñkTaMgGs;Kña. eKErkBunBiPBelak TaMgmUlenAelIsµarbs;eK} (L’homme est responsable á tout minute II est responsable de tout devant tous II porte le poids du monde entire sur ses épaules) . 97 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk km<úCa nig édKUBiPakSaGas‘an edayelak Guwm suIpul RbFankariyal½yGas‘an TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI éf¶enH´mankitiþysd¾x2° ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgqñaM 2002. tamr)aykarN_rbs;smaKmGas‘an)an[dwgfa kñúgqñaM 2003 eTscrN_)aneFVIdMeNIrkMsanþenAGas‘anman 37>493>883 nak; man karFøak;cuH 14>77° ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgqñaM 2002 EdlmancMnYn 43>989>010 nak;. RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa kñúgqñaM 2003)anTTYleTscrN_cMnYn 701>014 nak; mankarFøak;cuHcMnYn 10>87° ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgqñaM 2002 EdlmanePJóvcMnYn 786>524 nak; nwgTTYl)ancMNYl 346 landuløa tamRbPBRksYgeTscrN_. sPaBkarN_Føak;cuHéneTscrN_enAqñaM 2003 KWedaysar\T§iBl GviC¢manBIePvrkmµ s®gÁamenAGWura:k; CMgW SARS nigCMgWRKunbkSIEdlekIt maneLIgenAtMbn;GasIu nigenARbeTsCitxageyIgdUcCa RbeTséf nig RbeTsevotNam. tamRbPBGgÁPaBeTscrN_BiPBelak)anpþl;Bt’manfa sPaBkarN_eTscrN_qñaM 2004 mkdl;Ex kkáda RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anTTYlePJóvcMnYn 525>879 nak; KWmankarekIneLIgcMnYn 46>28° ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgqñaM 2003. RksYgenAEtvaytémøfa qñaM 2004 enH ePJóv eTscrN_nwgmancMnYn 1 lannak;. 112 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk enAqñaM 2003 80° éneTscrN_ 694 lannak; KWeFVIdMeNIrenA tMbn;rbs;xøÜn lannak;¦ nig20° eFVIdMeNIrTsSnkic©q¶ay Long Land Travel ¦. sPaBkarN_EbbenH)anCMruj[RbeTsCasmaCik Gas‘an xitxMriHrkmeFüa)ay edIm,ITak;TajeTscrN_EdlenAtMbn;xøÚn[eF VI TsSnkic©kñúg RbeTsxøÜn. dUcenHedIm,ITak;TajePJóvtMbn;[mkTsSna RbeTseyIgkm<úCa RtUv riHrkmeFüa)aynig)ankMNt;nUvyuT§saRsþ dUcxageRkam ³ 1- bnþkic©RBmeRBogeTscrN_Gas‘an EdlRbmuxraCrdæaPi)alGas‘an)ancuH htßelxaenATIRkugPñMeBj Ef¶TI4 Exviciäka qñaM2002 nig TTUlÉkPaB edayrdæm®nþIeTscrN_Gas‘anbUk3 kñúgevTikaeTscrN_ Gas‘an 2003 enAPñMeBj kalBIéf¶TI 20-28 mkra edIm,IshRbti btiþkareTVPaKI RtIPaKI nig BhuPaKI. kñúgenaHRbeTsCasmaCik)an ÉkPaBeFVIkarelIkElgTidæakar CUnRbCaBlrdæeTAvijeTAmktam karBiPakSa eTVPaKI nigBhuPaKI[)an eCaKC½yenAqñaM 2005. 2- begáIn nigFanasnþisux suvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;TUTaMgRbeTsCUnePJóveTscrN_ 3- ksagc,ab; nigbTdæannana edIm,IRKb;RKgvis½yeTscrN_ nig sMedAFana KuNPaBdl;esvakmµ nigplitpleTscrN_. 4- ksagEpnkarfñak;Cati nigfñak;tMbn; ³ tMbn;PñMeBj tMbn;esomrab 113 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk tMbn;kMBg;esam ;elIkarkarBarbrisßan eqñr nigsMNg;GaNaFibetyü¦ tMbn;PUmiPaK\sanþ eGkUeTscrN_ tMbn;epSg²eTottamGaTiPaB bnþshkarkarGPivDÆn_tMbn;RtIekaNkm<úCa-Lav-evotNam tMbn; RtIekaNmrktkm<úCa-Lav-éf nigtMbn; km<úCa-Lav-PUma-éf. 5- Tb;sáat;karekgRbvB½a© nigeFVIGaCIvkmµelIpøÚvePTkumar nigkarRbyuT§ RbqaMg CMgWeGds_ eBsüakmµ RBmTaMgbT]RkidækmµepSg² kñúgvis½y eTscrN_. 6- CMrujkic©shkartMbn;Gas‘anelIvis½yeTscrN_ nigkic©shkar GnþrCati CamYyRbeTskñúgtMbn; nigGasIu)a:sIuhVik ]TahrN_ Cb:un cin saFarN rdækUer:\NÐa GURsþalI jÚvhSIeLn¦ edaycUlrYmRbCMu nigeFVICam©as;pÞH edIm,IbBa¢k;fa km<úCamansmtßPaB niglT§PaB. 7- KaMRT nigcUlrYmya:gskmµkñúgyuT§nakar:TsSnaGas‘an: Visit ASEAN Campaign-VAC ¦ dUcCa karcUlrYmtaMgBiBN’CamYy ASEAN . xitxMBRgIkkmµviFI sikSaTIpSar nigkarpSBVpSay edayshkarCamYy édKUEpñkÉkCn dUcCakarbeg;IátRkumRbwkSaPi)alsikSaTIpSar nig pSBVpSay edIm,ItMrg;TisTIpSar nigpSBVpSaymanRbsiTi§PaBx>>>>> ¦. 116 snñuidæan km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk cMNucTaMgenH KWCayuT§saRsþd¾sMxan;EdlRksYgeTscrN_)an nig bnþGnuvtþsMrab;karGPivDÆn_vis½yeTscrN_[eTACak,alreTHePøIgsMrab;Taj esdækic© nigkarRbkYtRbECg kñúgtMbn;Gas‘anRbkbedayeCaKC½yxTidæPaBEpñkc,ab; -RckcUlFMbMputrbs;\NTanCnbT edIm,IeTA[dl; Ed;RbCaksikrKWtamry³smaKmn_ shKmn_ shPaB\NTannana EdlbMerI [plRbeyaCn_RbCaBlrdæRkIRkenAtamCnbT. RbB½n§c,ab; sþIBI smaKmn_ shKmn_ shPaB\NTan KWsMrab;FanaPaBkk;ekþA dl;sma-CiksmaKm shKmn_ shPaBTaMgmUlminTan;manenAeLIyeT. tamry³smaKm shKmn_ 132 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk smaCik GacTTYlyk)an\NTan EdlmankarR)ak;Tab CagsBVéf¶. elIsBIenH kar[x©Itamry³ smaKmn_ shKmn_ Fana)an PaBeCOTukcitþ bnßy )anhaniP½y\NTan nigminTamTarRtUvEtman vtßúkk;bBa©aMenaHeLIy. sUmCMrab CaBt’manfa GRtakarR)ak;[x©IGnuvtþenARbeTsCa smaCikGas‘anCitxageyIg mankMritTab EdlGacCYyRbCaBlrdæeK manlT§PaBrkSacMNUl)anmYycMENk smrmü.]TahrN_ RbeTsLav GRtakarR)ak;xGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusSkarbegáInsmtßPaBkargar enAEtCaktþa caM)ac;minGacxVH)an. karbMBak;bMb:n hVwkhWVnkardak;bBa©Úlbec©kviTüaTMenIb eTA kñúgCIvPaBkargarRbcaMéf¶ KWenAEtCaRbkarEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;CaTIbMput. xVHbec©kviTüaTMenIbmann½yfaedIrfyeRkay ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarGPivDÆn_ rbs;bNþaRbeTssmaCikGas‘anepSgeTot. 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CamYyKñaenHEdr karKitKUreTAdl;karFanara:b;rg esvamIRkUhirBaØvtßú k¾CaGaTiPaBmYyEdr. smaCiksmaKm shKmn_ shPaB \NTanmanPaBkk;ekþA ehIynwgkñúgcitþenAeBlEdlGaCIvkmµrbs;xøÜn k¾dUcCa CIvPaBrs;enArbs;xøÜnman karFanara:b;rgmYyd¾Cak;lak;. enAeBlCYblM)ak b¤eRKaHGasnñepSg²Cayfaehtu BYkKat;nwgmin)at;bg;kþIsgÇwm enAcMeBaH mux]bsKÁTaMgenaHeLIy. eRkayBIkarcUlGas‘an kñúgry³eBl 5 qñaM enH eyIg)ancMeNjBIkar TTYl)ancMeNHdwgfµI² rYmTaMgvis½y\NTanCnbTpgEdr. edayELkraC rdæaPi)alkm<úCa k¾)annwgkMBugCYyCMruj[vis½y\NTanCnbTenH[mankarrIk cMerIn nigrYmcMENkdl;karGPivDÆn_esdækic©Cati CaBiesskarGPivDÆn_shRKas tUc nigmFüm RBmTaMgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkpgEdr. TYlbgÁM-´ sUmbBa©b;bTGnþraKmn_edaysegçbRtwmenH ehIysUmEføg GMNrKuNd¾RCaleRCA cMeBaHkarykcitþTuksþab;rbs; semþc RBHGgÁm©as; RBHGgÁ m©as;kSRtI GñkGgÁm©as; Ék]tþm elakCMTav Gs;elak elakRsI GñknagkBaØa ePJóvkitiþysTaMgGs;. TUlbgÁM ´ sUmeKarBfVayRBHBr dl;smaCikGgÁsnñisIT sUmTTYl)annUveCaKC½y kñúgRKb;Parkic©. 134 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk karGPivDÆkñúgshRbtibtþikarvis½yeTscrN_Gas‘an edayelak RcLwg suemFa GnuRbFannaykdæanGas‘an RksYgeTscrN¾ esckþIepþIm ³ vis½yeTscrN_énRbeTskm<úCa RtUv)anraCrdæaPi‘)alkMNt;fa Ca eTscrN_vb,Fm’ nigFmµCati. buBVbTenHRtUvEp¥keTAelIFnFanvb,Fm’ nig FmµCatid¾sMbUrsþúksþmÖEdleyIgman. ehtudUecñHehIy)anCakarGPivDÆn_nUv vis½yeTscrN_ eTaHbICaRbeTsenARkIRk nigTn;exSay b:uEnþeyIgminsUvCYb RbTHnUvkarlM)akxøaMgkøahYsRbmaNdUcRbeTsdéTeToteLIy. eTaHbICaya:g Nak¾eday k¾eyIgRtUvEtGPivD,nUvFnFanmnusS nigehdæarcnasm<½n§mYycMnYn eTotEdr edIm,ICMnYydl;eTscN_kñúgkareFVIdMeNIrkMsanþkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. TnÞwm nwgenHEdr rbt;neya)ay nigesdækic©)ankMNt;[km<úCa cUlCasmaKmn_Gas‘an edIm,IbM)at;PaBÉekaenAelIBiPBelak k¾dUcCakarebIkRckTUlayEpñkesdækic© nig shRbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn;. sPaBkarN_eTscrN_Gas‘an Ep¥kelImUldæanTinñn½yeTscrN_Gas‘an enAqñaM2002 eTscrN_ GnþrCatimkTsSnaGas‘an mancMnYn43/805/342 nak; nigTTYl)ancMNUl 135 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk 27/68 Ban; landuløarGaemrik ehIycMNUlenHesµInwg 4/81° énplTunCati srubén RbeTsGas‘an. cMnYneTscrN_GnþrCaticUlmkRbeTskm<úCa nigGas‘an kñúgqñaM1999-2003 RbeTs 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 km<úCa 367/743 466/365 604/919 786/524 701/014 867/082 Gas‘an-- 42/202/266 43/989/010 37/493/883 eTsscrN_Gas‘ankñúgqñaM 2003 knøgmk)anRbQmnwgbBaða CaGviC¢manmYycMnYnbNþalmkBICMgW SARS nigsRgÁamGWura:k;. bc©úb,nñ enHeTscrN_Gas‘an)anvilmkrkRbRktIPaB nigRbesIreLIgvijbeNþIr² ehIy eRkamkarxitxMrbs;RbeTssmaCikGas‘an kñúgkic©shRbtibtþikar CamYy RbeTsepSg² man cin Cb:un kUer: nigGgÁkarGnþrCatinana edIm,Ikat;bnßy \T§iBlGviC¢manTaMgLay elIvis½yeTscrN_[fycuHmkenAkRmitGb,brma. cMeBaHbBaðaCMgWRKunpþasaybkSI edaysarkarxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;RbeTssmaCik Gas‘an)anBRgwgnUvshRbtibtþikarCamYyRbeTsepSg² nigGgÁkarGnþrCatinana CMnHelIbBaðaRbQmenH. etIbnÞab;BIkm<úCacUlGas‘anvis½yeTscrN_mankarrIkceRmIndUcemþc? 1kic©RBmeRBogeTscrN_Gas‘an ASEAN Tourism Agreement ¦ kic©RBmeRBogeTscrN_Gas‘ankMNt;nUvshRbtibtiþkar kñúgkarsMrYl kareFVIdMeNIrcUlmk enAkñúgGas‘anBRgwgkic©shRbtibtiþkarkñúg]sSahkmµ 136 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk eTscrN_rvagRbeTssmaCikGas‘an edIm,IeFVI[RbesIreLIg nUvsmtßPaB nig PaBRbkYtRbECgrbs;xøÜn. eKalbMNgkic©RBmeRBog enHKWbegáItCaRbB½n§rYm bBa©ÚlKñaénesvakmµeTscrN_ nigkareFVIdMeNIr sMedAeFVI[)anCaGtibrma elIkar eRbIR)as; FmµCatirbs;tMbn;CakarTak;TajeTscr begáInkarGPivDÆ nigpSBVpSay tMbn;Gas‘anCaeKaledAeTscrN_EtmYy Rbkbedaysþg;dafñak;BiPBelak én sNæakaresvakmµ nigkEnøgTak;Taj. kic©RBmeRBogenH enAmankarsMrYlkareFVIdMeNIrkñúgGas‘an nigkar eFVIdMeNIrCaGnþrCati edayRbeTssmaCiknwgsMrYlkareFVIdMeNIrenAkñúg nigcUlmk tMbn;Gas‘an edaybnþkarerobcMelIkElgTidæakarsRmab;RbCaCati smaCik Gas‘an. RbCaCnGas‘annwgeFVIdMeNIrenAkñúgtMbn;edayQrelImUldæanénkic© RBmeRBogelIkElgTidæakareTVPaKI rvagRbeTssmaCikEdleRtomxøÜnCaeRsc edIm,IGnuvtþ nigkareFVI[manPaBRsbKñacMeBaHEbbbTpþl;Tidæakar sRmab; eTscrN_GnþrCati. enAkic©RbCMurdæm®nþIeTscrN_Gas‘anelIkTI 7 kalBIéf¶TI 3 ExkumÖ³ qñaM 2004 naTIRkugevog c½nÞ RbeTsLav karBiPakSa)anepþatelI rebobvar³ sMxan;man ³ karGnuvtþn_kic©RBmeRBogeTscrN_Gas‘ankarbnþ pSBVpSay yuT§nakarTsSnaGas‘an karCMrujel,ÓnénkareFVIesrIPavUbnIykmµesvakmµ eTscrN_Gas‘an karpSBVpSayvinieyaKTuneTscrN_ karBRgwgkic©sh RbtibtiþkarCamYyRbeTsepSg² nigGgÁkarGnþrCati. rdæm®nþIeTscrN_Gas‘an k¾)anecjesckþIRbkasTIRkugevogc½nÞsþIBIkareFVI[RbesIreLIg énkic©shRbti 137 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk btiþkareTscrN_Gas‘an eday)anRbkan;ykviFankarN_CMrujel,Ón én karGnuvtþn_ kic©RBmeRBogeTscrN_Gas‘an nigkarelIkCaEpnkarkmµviFIGnuvtþ lMGitCak;EsþgkñúgenaH rYmmankarCMruj karelIkElgTidæakarkñúgRbeTsGas‘an [)anmun qñaM 2005. esckIþ Rbkask¾KUsbBa¢k;pgEdr GMBIkareFVIsmahrNkmµ tamry³eKaledATsSn³EpnTIbgðajpøÚv Roadmap ¦ rbs;RbmuxrdæaPi)al Gas‘an Edl)anRtYsRtayedaymankarCYydl;smaCikfµI nUvCMnYybec©keTs kñúgkarGPivDÆFnFanmnusS CMrujkarvinieyaKTuneTscrN_ RBmTaMgshkar [kan;EtCitsñiT§CamYysßab½nTIPñak;garrbs;RbeTssmaCik karBRgwgPaBCaédKU CamYyvis½yÉkCn nigRkumsmaKm]sSahkmµeTscrN_Gas‘an. 2evTikaeTscrN_Gas‘an ASEAN Tourism Forum ¦ evTikaeTscrN_Gas‘an RtUv)anR)arB§eFVIeLIgCaerogral;qñaMtamlMdab; GkçraviruT§ Alphabetical Order ¦ eQµaHRbeTsCasmaCik. evTikaeTscrN_ Gas‘anCaRBwtþikarN_eTscrN_d¾FMmYykñúgtMbn; énRbeTsGas‘an cUlrYmedayGñk kMNt;eKalneya)ay]sSahkmµeTscrN_ (Tourism Industry Policy Makers) GñkRbkbGaCIvkmµeTscrN_ sNæaKar GakascrN_ GñksarBt’man Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;esva nigGtifiCn edayEpÐkelImUldæanesva nigplitpl eTscrN_. RBwtþikarN_sMxan;bMputenAevTikaeTscrN_Gas‘an KWkartaMgBiBrN_ eTscrN_ Travel Expo, TRAVEX ¦ Edl Ca»kasTIpSarBaNiC¢kmµ eTscrN_sRmab;eFVITMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµ nigpSBVpSayeTscrN_ kñúgkarTak; 138 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk TajGñkcUlrYmBIeRkARbeTscMnYn 1500 nak; eTA 2000 nak;mkBIBaseBj BiPBelak. kñúgRkbx½NÐénkic©shRbtibtþikareTscrN_Gas‘anna qñaM 2003 enH eyIgmankitþiys nigRbkbedayemaTnPaBCatixx>s>s vaKµinBiPakSa 10³00-10³15 10³15-11³00 11³00-10³30 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk Ék]tþm sMraMg kMsanþ GnurdæelxaFikar TTYlbnÞúk TMnak;TMngvb,Fm’ nigkic©karGas‘an énRksYg vb,Fm’ nig viciRtsil,³ sMrakBisaePsCö³ ebIkkic©BiPakSa bUksrublT§plevTikaelIkTI 8 295 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk km µ viFIevTikaTI 9 sþIBI km<úCa nig EpnkarskmµPaBevogc½nÞ --------]btßmÖeday GgÁkar mUlniFi RhVIRDIc eGEb‘t (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES) TIkEnøg ³ bnÞb;RbCMu énviTüasßanExµrsMrab;shRbtibtiþkar nigsnþiPaB éf¶TI 22 Ex tula qñaM 2004/ BIem:ag 08³30 RBWk dl;em:ag 11³30 éf¶Rtg; 8³30-9³00 9³00-9³20 9³20-10³00 karcuHeQµaHénePJóvkitiþys RbFandwknaMkarBiPakSa nigsMrbsMrYl eday Ék]tþm G‘un nwg GnuRbFanKN³kmµaFikarkic©kar breTs shRbtibtiþkarGnþrCati eXasnakar nig BtmanénrdæsPaCati nigCasmaCikKN³kmµaFikar nayk v/x/s/s KN³vaKµInkitþiys - elak ng sakl GnuRbFannaykdæan evTika tMbn;Gas‘an GKÁnaykdæanGas‘an RksYgkar breTs nigshRbtibtiþkarGnþrCati 296 10³00-10³15 10³15-11³00 11³00-10³30 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk -Ék]tþm sMraMg kMsanþ GnurdæelxaFikar TTYl bnÞúkTMnak;TMngvb,Fm nigkic©karGas‘an énRksYg vb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³ sMrakBisaePsCö³ ebIkkic©BiPakSa bUksrublT§plevTikaelIkTI 9 297 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk km µ viFIevTikaTI 10 sþIBI km<úCa nig kargarkarTUtGas‘anbNþajTI2 --------]btßmÖeday GgÁkar mUlniFi RhVIRDIc eGEb‘t (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES) TIkEnøg ³ bnÞb;RbCMu énviTüasßanExµrsMrab;shRbtibtiþkar nigsnþiPaB éf¶TI 30 Ex vicäika qñaM 2004/ BIem:ag 08³30 RBWk dl;em:ag 11³30 éf¶Rtg; 8³30-9³00 9³00-10³00 10³00-10³15 298 karcuHeQµaHénePJóvkitiþys RbFandwknaMkarBiPakSa nigsMrbsMrYl eday Ék]tþm sMraMg kMsanþ GnurdæelxaFikar TTYl bnÞúkTMnak;TMng vb,Fm’ nigkic©karGas‘an énRksYg vb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³ vaKµinkitþiys -bNÐit cab sufariT§ naykRbtibtiþ viTüasßanExµr sMrab;sh Rbtibtiþkar nigsnþiPaB -elakbNÐit eLA m:ugéh RbFanGgÁPaBc,ab; mCÆmNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁm sMrakBisaePsCö³ 10³15-11³00 11³00-10³30 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk ebIkkic©BiPakSa bUksrublT§plevTikaelIkTI 10 299 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk x-kmµviFIGgÁsnñisITCati snñisITCati sþIBI {km<úCa nig Gas‘an ³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk} ---------shkarerobcMeday viTüasßanExµrsMrab;shRbtibtþikar nigsnþiPaB (CICP) nig mUlniFi RhVIRDIc eGEb‘t Friedrich- Ebert Stiftung(FES) éf¶TI 21-22 Ex FñÚ 2004 TIkEnøg³ salRbCMuRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa vimanrdæaPi)al vtþPñM PñMeBj mUlRbvtþi ³ kñúgnamCaRbeTstUcmYyEdlkMBugedIrBIry³eBld¾Evgéns®gÁam nig CMelaH RbeTskm<úCaminGacbnþeKalneya)ay énPaBÉekarbs; xøÜn)aneT. edaymankartaMgcitþd¾rwgmaMrbs;xøÜn nigkarerobcMd¾yUrGEgVg sRmab; smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜnRbeTskm<úCa enATIbBa©b;RtUv)an TTYlyl;RBm eFVICasmaCik TI 10 énGgÁkarGas‘anenAExemsa kñúgqñaM 1999. cab;taMgBI)an køayxøÜneBjsiT§ CasmaCikmk RbeTskm<úCa)ancUlrYmya:gskmµenAkñúgGgÁkarGas‘an eday CMrujtYnaTItMbn;rbs;xøÜn nigvis½ykarTUtBhuPaKIrbs;xøÜn edIm,ITajykpl 300 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk RbeyaCn_elIRKb;vis½yén kic©shRbtibtþikarBIesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ rhUtdl; vis½yneya)ay nigsnþisuxenAkñúgtMbn;. edIm,IrMlwkeLIgvijnUvxYbTI 10 rbs;xøÜn enAkñúgqñaM 2004 enH viTüasßan ExµrsMrab;shRbtibtiþkar nigsnþiPaB (CICP) )anshkarCa mYymUlniFi RhVIRDIc-eGEb‘t (FES) erobcMsnñisITCati sþIGMBI{ km<úCa nigGas‘an ³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk} EdlnwgBinitüemIleLIgvij nigvaytémøGMBI smaCikPaB rbs;km<úCa enAkñúgGgÁkarGas‘an edayehtufa TaMgRbeTs km<úCa nigGgÁkar Gas‘an)ancUlBak;B½n§Kña enAkñúgry³eBl Bak;kNþal TsvtSeRkayenH. snñisITCatienH RtUv)anerobcMedayEp¥kelIKeRmagrYmKña rvagviTüasßan ExµrsMrab;shRbtibtþikar nigsnþiPaB (CICP) nig mUlniFi RhVIRDIc-eGEb‘t (FES) edayqøgkat;evTikacMnYn10 elIk kñúgqñaM 2004 EdlrYmmanRbFanbT dUcxageRkam ³ karRbCuMtumUlelIkTImYy ³ RbeTskm<úCa nigGgÁkarGas‘an karBinitü emIlCarYm karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIBIr ³ km<úCa nigtMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI Gas‘an karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIbI ³ km<úCa nig édKUrcrcaGas‘an karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIbYn ³ km<úCa nigGas‘anbUkbI karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIR)aM ³ km<úCa nigevTikatMbn;Gas‘an 301 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIR)aMmYy ³ km<úCa nigshKmn_snþisuxGas‘an karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIR)aMBIr ³ km<úCa nigshKmn_esdækic©Gas‘an karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIR)aMbI ³ km<úCa nigshKmn_sgÁmvb,Fm’ Gas‘an karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIR)aMbYn ³ km<úCa nigEpnkarskmµPaB TIRkugevogc½nÞ karRbCuMtumUlelIkTIdb; ³ km<úCa nig vis½ykarTUtGas‘an Track II enAeBlEdlevTikanImYy² RtUv)anerobcMenAkñúgkic©RbCMuEdlmanlkçN³ CasikçasalasnñisITCatienH manlkçN³ ngi TisedABak;B½n§FMTUlay nigsIuCMerA CagevTikaEdlkarcUlrYmmankRmit. eTaHya:genH k¾edayevTikaCabnþbnÞab; kñúgry³eBl 11 ExknøgmkenH)anbgðjfa mankarBiPakSaya:gskmµ nigRbkb edayn½ysßabnaelIRbFanbT Edl)anKUsbBa¢ak;xagelI. eKalbMNgénsnñisITCati eKalbMNgénsnñisITCatienHKW edIm,IBinitüemIleLIgvij nigeFVITMenIbkmµeLIgvij nUvkarGPivDÆn_ fµI² kñúgrgVg;GgÁkarGas‘an <úCa xøHmin)andwg¦ enAkñúgkRmitCati. edIm,IpSBVpSayBt’man sþIGMBI TisedAeTAGnaKténGgÁkarGas‘an k¾dUcCa bBaðafµI² cMeBaHGgÁkartMbn;enH EdlRbeTskm<úCaGac yl;)anya:gl¥RbesIr GMBIkarvivtþn_rbs;GgÁkarGas‘an. 302 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk edIm,IcUlrYmBak;B½n§TaMgsaFarN³ nigGñkeFVIeKalneya)ayenA kñúgkarcrcaebIkcMh nigRbkbedayGtßn½ysßabnaEdlBYkeK Gac man»kaselIkbBaðaKUsbBa¢ak;BIkgVl; k¾dUcCa pþl;nUvcMeNHdwg caM)ac;CUneTAdl; Track I )al¦. edIm,IepþateTAelIRbFanbT nigbBaðad¾Cak;lak; Edlmanpl b:HBal;FMeFgelIRbCaCnkm<úCa nigRbeTskm<úCaTaMgmUl. edIm,IbgðajBItYnaTIrbs;km<úCa karrMBwgTukkgVl; esckþIsgÇwm k¾dUcCa karRbQmenAkñúgbBaðaGas‘anEdlCaKnøwHnImYy² nig edIm,ICMrujkarKitKUrd¾skmµrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilnigrbs;RbeTs km<úCa rYmTaMgkarcUlrYmBak;B½n§ d¾l¥RbesIrenAkñúgGgÁkarGas‘an ©karGas‘anCaeRcIn nak;minRtwmEtm®nþIrdæaPi)albu:eNÑaHeT¦. GñkcUlrYm ³ snñisITCatinwgRbmUlpþúMGñkcUlrYmRbEhl 200 nak; mkBI sßab½nepSg² rYmmansmaCikénGgÁTUtRbcaMenATIRkugPñMeBj m®nþIrdæaPi)alkm<úCa smaCik rdæsPa nigRBwT§sPa smaCik énGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil shKmn_bBaØvnþkm<úCa GñksarBt’man nigsaFarN³CnTUeTA. 303 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk k mµ vi FI éf¶TImYy³ éf¶GgÁar TI 21 ExFñÚ qñaM 2004 07³30-08³00 cuHeQµaHGñkcUlrYm 08³30-09³00 karyag nigGeBa¢Ijmkdl;rbs;ePJovkitþiys 09³00-10³30 karebIkGgÁsnñisITCati -RBHsunÞrkfasVaKmn_rbs; semþc neratþm sirivuDÆ RBHRbFanRkumRbwkSaPi)al viTüasßan ExµrsMrab;sh Rbtibtþikar nigsnþiPaB -sunÞrkfaebIkGgÁsnñisITeday elak N½rbWt vun hUm:an; (Nobert Von Hofmann) RbFan kariyal½y sRmab;shRbtibtþikarPUmiPaKGasIu GaeKñy_énmUlniFi RhVIRDIceGEb‘t (FES) sigðburI -RBHsunÞrkfaebIkrbs; semþcRkumRBH neratþm rNb¤riT§ RBHRbFanrdæsPaénRBHraCaNacRk km<úCa 10³30-10³45 sMrakBisaePsC¢³ 10³45-12³00 304 sm½yRbCuMTI1 ³r)aykarN_énkic©RbCuM tumUl TaMg10elIk kñúgqñaM 2004 sþIBI{km<úCa 12³00-14³00 14³00-15³45 km<úCakñúgGas‘an³ R)aMqñaMeRkaymk nig Gas‘an} RbFan ³ bNÐit cab sufariT§ naykRbtibtþi én viTüasßan ExµrsMrab;shRbtibtþikar nigsnþiPaB vaKµin ³ Ék]tþm sMraMg kMsanþ GnurdæelxaFikar RksYgvb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³ nigCaGñkRsavRCav Can;x