Youth Leadership Training Program (YLTP) Trainees’ Guide Prepared by Business and Personal Development Addis Ababa August 2008 1

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1 Leadership Activity 1(25 minutes) Break into small groups of 4-5 each and answer the following questions. 1. How do you define the term"leadership"? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________ 2. What do you understand by the term management? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 3. Is there a difference between leadership and management? _____________________________________________ 4. If your response for question number 2 above is yes, indicate their differences. Leadership Management 3

5. Which should be come first? And why? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ Present your answers written on a flip chart. 4

Are leaders born or acquired? 1. Do you think leaders are born or made? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________ 2. Think of four leaders who you have had occasion to observe or read about him/her. If you have not observed a leader in a work setting, choose leaders from clubs, teams, neighborhoods, and so on. Write their initials in below. Leader 1 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________ Leader 2 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________ Leader 3 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________ Leader 4 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 3. Now write down the ways these leaders behave differently from each other. Be specific. For example, if one leader strikes you as a better communicator than another write down the specific behavior that is different. 5

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. Using the list of behaviors or characteristics you generated for number 3, rank according to how important they are in terms of a leader’s effectiveness. The most important characteristic should be number one; the second most important should be number two, and so on. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. What are your strengths as a leader? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 6. How you rate yourself on the characteristics you previously identified for the four leaders you described? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. List 3 good and 2 bad leaders, discuss with your partner why you admire and criticize them accordingly, and forward those attributes to the plenary! ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 6

Characteristics of an Effective Leader Activity 2(25 minutes) Instruction 1. Divide yourself into group of 3 or 4 2. Answer the following question 1) Think your own experience as a follower. List the characteristics of the leader that you liked most. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 2) Now, think of your own experience as a follower. List the characteristics of the leader that you did not like most. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________ 3) What are the activities that you think will make a leader effective? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

4) Select a spokesperson. and present the characteristics which the group has liked most and the characteristic of the leader that they disliked most 8

LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES 1.1.1 What is a competency? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.1.2 What kind of competencies a leader has to have to be an effective leader? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.1.3 What it takes to be a leader? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 9

Styles of Leadership Instructions: individually complete the Leadership Style Survey located on the next pages. Activity 3(20 Minutes) Instruction Please rate your own leadership style by filling the leadership style survey provided bellow. Leadership Style Survey This informal tool is designed to help you think about the different leadership styles and the style you use most often when working with employees or team members. This questionnaire contains statements about leadership style beliefs. Next to each statement, circle the number that represents how strongly you feel about the statement by using the following scoring system: • Almost always true(AAT)= 5 • Frequently true(FT)= 4 • Occasionally true(OT)= 3 • Seldom true(ST)= 2 • Almost never true(ANT) 1 10

Be honest about your choices as there is no right your own self-assessment. 1 I always retain the final decision-making authority within my team. 2 I always try to include one or more team members in determining what to do and how to do it. However, I maintain the final decision-making authority. 3 My team and I always vote whenever a major decision has to be made. 4 I do not consider suggestions made by my team members, as I do not have the time for them. 5 I ask for ideas and input on upcoming plans and projects from team members. 6 For a major decision to pass, it must have the approval of each individual or the majority. 7 I tell my team what has to be done and how to do it. 8 When things go wrong and I need to create a strategy to keep a project or process running on schedule, I call a meeting to get my team’s advice. 9 To get information out, I send it by e-mail, memos, or voice mail; very rarely is a meeting ailed. My team members are then expected to act upon the information. 10 When someone makes a mistake, I tell him or her not to ever do that again and make a note of it. 11 I allow my team to determine what needs to be one and how to do it. 12 I allow my team to determine what needs to be one and how to do it. 13 New hires are not allowed to make any decisions unless I approve it first. 14 I ask team members for their vision of where they see their jobs going and then use their vision where appropriate. 15 My team members know more about their jobs than I do, so I allow them to carry out the decisions to do their job. 16 When something goes wrong, I tell my or wrong answer—it is AAT F T O T ST 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 only for AN T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11

team that a procedure is not working correctly, and I establish a new one. 17 I allow my team to set priorities with my 5 4 3 2 1 guidance. 18 I delegate tasks in order to implement a 5 4 3 2 1 new procedure or process. 19 I closely monitor my team to ensure they 5 4 3 2 1 are performing correctly. 20 When there are differences in role 5 4 3 2 1 expectations, I work with them to resolve the differences. 21 Each individual is responsible for defining 5 4 3 2 1 his or her job. 22 I like the power that my leadership 5 4 3 2 1 position holds over subordinates. 23 I like to use my leadership power to help 5 4 3 2 1 subordinates grow. 24 I like to share my power with my 5 4 3 2 1 subordinates. 25 Team members must be directed or 5 4 3 2 1 threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives. 26 The team will exercise self-direction if 5 4 3 2 1 members are committed to the objectives. 27 The team members will have the right to 5 4 3 2 1 determine their own organizational objectives. 28 Team members seek mainly security. 5 4 3 2 1 29 The team knows how to use creativity and 5 4 3 2 1 ingenuity to solve organizational problems. 30 My team can lead itself just as well as I 5 4 3 2 1 can. In the fill-in lines below, mark the score of each item on the questionnaire. For example, if you scored item one with a 3(occasionally), then enter a 3 next to Item 1. When you have entered all the scores for each question, total each of the three columns. 12

Item Score 1. ________________ 4. ________________ 7. ________________ 10. ________________ 13. ________________ 16. ________________ 19. ________________ 22. ________________ 25. ________________ 28. ________________ TOTAL_______ (Autocratic) Authoritarian 2. ________________ 5. ________________ 8. ________________ 11. ________________ 14. ________________ 17. ________________ 20. ________________ 23. ________________ 26. ________________ 29. ________________ TOTAL_______ (Democratic) Participative 3. ________________ 6. ________________ 9. ________________ 12. ________________ 15. ________________ 18. ________________ 21. ________________ 24. ________________ 27. ________________ 30. ________________ TOTAL_______ (Free Reign) Delegative This questionnaire is to help you assess the leadership style under which you normally operate. The lowest score possible for a stage is 10(almost never) while the highest score possible for a stage is 50(almost always). The highest of the three scores indicates which style of leadership you normally use. If your highest score is 40 or more, it is a strong indicator of your normal style. The lowest of the three scores is an indicator of the style you least use. If your lowest score is 20 or less, it is a strong indicator that you normally do not operate out of this mode. If two of the scores are close to the same, you might be going through a transition phase, either personally or at work, except: If you score high in both the participative and the delegative, then you are probably a delegative leader. If there is only a small difference between the three scores, this indicates that you have no clear perception of the mode under which you operate, or you are a new leader and are trying to feel out the correct style for you. Normally, some of the best leaders operate out of the participative mode and use the other two modes as needed. The exception would be a leader who has a new crew or temporary work force. That leader would probably be operating out of the authoritarian mode. On the other side, a leader who has a crew of professionals 13

or a crew that knows more than she or he does would probably operate out of the delegative mode. Leaders who want their employees to grow use a participative style of leadership. As they“grow” into their jobs, then they are gradually given more authority(delegative) over their jobs. 14

Activity 4(20 minutes) 1.2 Discuss different styles of leadership. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1.3 Which style is best? Why?(Discuss the advantages and disadvantages each style you have identified) ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1.4 Do you think leadership style fixed and unchangeable for a leader or flexible and adaptable? Discuss ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1.5 Discuss factors if any that determine appropriate leadership choices(styles of leadership) ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 15

Gender and Leadership Activity 5(15 minutes) Instruction Ask participants to: 1. Form a group of 4-5 members 2. Select a moderator and a spokesperson 3. Write their answers for the following questions on a flip chart and present it to the participants when requested 1. Do women lead differently than men? Yes No 2. If you think that there are differences between men and women leadership can you please indicate the similarities and differences? Similarities Men Leaders Female Leaders Difference Men Leaders Female Leaders Summarize the participants' response. 16

Culture and Leadership 1.6 Your assignment is to analyze the culture of an organization you know well(a work setting, club, or even the organization which provides you training) how do you describe its organizational culture? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.7 What is culture? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.8 How it is formed ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.9 What do we mean by cultural diversity, and how it is formed? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.10 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of multicultural team. 1.11 What challenges and opportunities will bring cultural diversity? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 17

Decision making 1.12 What is decision making to you? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.13 Why is decision making considered a fundamental part of management effectiveness? 1.14 How many types of decision making you know? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.15 Why many decisions are are made in group rather than by individuals? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.16 Analyze the decision you made over the past six months. Which of these were programmed and which were nonprogrammed? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 1.17 Do you think intuition is a valid approach to making decisions in an organization? Why or why not how might intuition be combined with a rational decision making approach? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 18

1.18 How do you make decision? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 19

Ethical Leadership How do you define ethics? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Discuss the characteristics of an ethical leader? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 20

6. Teamwork and leadership How do you define team? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ What are the roles of a leader in forming an effective team? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ List out the characteristics of an effective team ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Do you think teamwork is a solution for every problem? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 21