social-ecological transformation SINUS Study for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Social-ecological transformation Country report Spain Heidelberg, September 2023 Teil der INTEGRAL-SINUS-OPINION Gruppe

social-ecological transformation 2 Task and objectives Empirical survey to identify opposing and advocating groups of the social-ecological transformation • The world is undergoing far-reaching changes. There seems to be no end to reports of record heat, storms and forest fires. Climate policy has been dodged for a long time; progress must be made quickly in phasing out fossil fuels and building up an energy supply and industrial production based on renewable energy. • At the same time, the pressure for change increasingly affects citizens directly. The path to a climate-neutral economy is associated with enormous technological, economic and social challenges: The accelerated expansion of renewable energy, the heat and transport transition, and the structural change of the economy- all of this will increasingly affect citizens. • Against this background, the SINUS Institute conducted a large-scale population survey in Europe and North America on behalf of the Competence Centre for Climate and Social Justice of the Friedich-Ebert-Stiftung: across 19 countries, the research delved into the perceptions, interests, and concerns that individuals associate with the social-ecological transformation. The survey’s primary objective was twofold: first, to provide an encompassing overview of attitudes towards climate policy, and second, to explore the degree of receptivity among various social segments toward climate policy measures. To achieve the latter, the survey design incorporated the Sinus-Meta-Milieus target group model. • The study results are intended to stimulate public discussions and provide an in-depth analysis of the conditions under which the climateneutral transformation of national economies can succeed and be supported by broad public acceptance. Based on these analyses, developing country- and milieu-specific communication strategies that address the population's different interests and fears and appropriately address them through suitable forms of communication is essential.

social-ecological transformation 3 Table of contents 01 02 03 Method and sample 04 Problem awareness  Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection  Relevance of environmental policy fields of action  Relevance of the climate change as a topic  Attitudes towards climate change  Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour 05 06 Changing way of living and doing business  Assessment of the need for change  Attribution of responsibility  Attitudes towards policies  Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Interest in information and level of knowledge  Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate  Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies Appendix: Communication  Topic interest in general  Consumer interests  Media usage  Communication expectations

social-ecological transformation 1 Method and sample

social-ecological transformation Methodology and sample Method Standardised online survey (CAWI) Quota sample(gender, age, education and region) The interviews were conducted in the national language. Data collection Ø Interview duration: 23 minutes The data collection was carried out by Sociotrend GmbH. Target group Resident population aged from 18 to 69 years Sample size 1,200 people Survey period 09.06.- 05.07.2023 5 Survey contents • Awareness of environmental, nature and climate protection topics • Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour: Attitudes, barriers and motivators • Attitudes towards change in lifestyles and economies: Necessity of change, Attribution of responsibility and political measures • Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate change, ecological contexts and political measures

social-ecological transformation 6 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • This report presents the survey results for Spain . The key findings are presented in graphs and charts. For better readability and comprehensibility, the percentages have been rounded to whole numbers. • The data set was examined for differences in the response behaviour of different population groups and presented in tabular form. The sociodemographic characteristics gender, age, education and net equivalent income were taken into account. • Gender: female, male (The answer category„non-binaryx" was taken into account in the survey, but not evaluated due to too small a number of cases). • Age groups: 18- to 29-year-olds, 30- to 39-year-olds, 40- to 49-year-olds, 50- to 59-year-olds, 60- to 69-year-olds • Educational groups: low: "Sin educación escolar ni formación profesional(todavía)" or"Educación Primaria" or"Educación Secundaria (primera etapa)" or"Cualificación Profesional, inicial"; medium: "Formación Profesional, medio" or"Bachillerato" or"F.P. Maestría" or "F.P. de 2º Grado- FP2"; high: "C.F. de Grado Superior, Técnico Superior" or"C.F. de Grado Superior en Escuelas de Arte" or"Ensenanzas universitarias" • Net equivalent income*: low: less than 60% of median income; medium: 60 to 140% of median income; high: more than 140% of the median income * The net equivalent income is a net income weighted according to the number and age of persons living in the household. To calculate the net equivalent income, the net household income is divided by the number of persons weighted according to the OECD scale. This results in a means-weighted per capita net income. The calculated equivalised income was divided into three groups (below 60%, 60-140%, above 140% of the median income) using the median values available at Eurostat(2021).

social-ecological transformation 7 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • In addition to the differentiation according to socio-demographic characteristics, the data was analysed according to the milieu affiliation of the respondents. By evaluating the findings according to the Sinus-Meta-Milieus, the socio-demographic analysis is supplemented by lifestyle and value components. • The milieu perspective does not replace the study of socio-demographic characteristics, but complements and refines them by taking into account basic values that determine lifestyle and life goals as well as everyday attitudes to family, work, leisure and consumption. • Established test procedures of empirical social research were used to examine the statistical significance of survey results. The differences in the response behaviour of the analysed population groups were checked by means of a chi-square test(e.g. age group of 18 to 29 years compared to the average). This is based on a confidence interval of 95% or 99%, which is usual for social science purposes. • The examined characteristics are interpreted as overrepresented or underrepresented in the sample if the probability of this is at least 95%. Characteristics are considered to be strongly overrepresented or strongly underrepresented if a probability of 99% is applied. • The result of the significance test always depends on the group size. The larger the group(e.g. group of people with high educational qualifications), the more likely it is that even weak over- and under-representations can be shown to be significant. For this reason, it can happen in individual cases that identical numerical values are presented as differently over- or under-represented.

social-ecological transformation 8 Demographic structure of the sample Gender Men Women 50 50 Age ø 44.4 years 18 to 29 years 30 to 39 years 40 to 49 years 50 to 59 years 60 to 69 years 18 19 24 22 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Marital status Single In partnership, living separately In partnership, living together Married/ registered partnership Living in separation/ divorced Widowed Persons in the household 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons and more 24 7 19 44 5 1 11 29 29 24 6 2 Educational qualification Low Medium High 37 26 37 Children in the household YES Yes, children aged 0-5 years Yes, children aged 6-13 Yes, children aged 14-17 Yes, children aged 18 and over (adult children) There are no children living in my household 49 10 21 14 17 51

social-ecological transformation 9 Demographic structure of the sample Occupational status In education In employment Manager or working in management Other employee Labourer Self-employed/entrepreneur Unemployed/Jobseeker Pensioner/retired Home-maker(m/f) 6 6 7 7 14 10 8 62 42 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Net household income Less than€ 1,000 1,000€ to less than 2,000€ 2,000€ to less than 3,000€ 3,000€ to less than 4,000€ 4,000€ to less than 5,000€ 5,000€ and more Not specified 14 33 26 11 5 3 8 Size of residency(number of inhabitants) 33 28 16 16 3 3 Below 1.000 1.000 10.000 10.000- 100.000->1.000.000 100.000 1.000.000 I don't know Region Noroeste Noreste Comunidad de Madrid Centro Este Sur Canarias 9 9 14 11 29 22 5

social-ecological transformation 10 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus ® in Spain 18- 69 year olds Social status Higher Middle Lower Basic Values Established 9% Intellectuals 9% Performers 10% Cosmopolitan Avantgarde 6% Traditionals 10% Conventional Mainstream 14% Adaptive Navigators 11% Progressive Realists 7% SensationOriented 12% Consumer Materialists 12% © SINUS Traditional Sense of Duty and Order Modernisation Individualisation, Self-actualisation, Pleasure Re-organisation Multiple Options, Experimentation, Paradoxes

social-ecological transformation 11 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus® Short summary Established Status-driven conservative elite: High self-confidence, traditional responsibility and performance ethics, exclusivity and status claims, acceptance of social order Intellectuals Academic elite with post-material beliefs: High affinity for enjoyment, sensuality, art and culture, critical of globalisation, advocate for justice and public welfare, taking responsibility for oneself and others, affinity for education and high quality of life Performers Efficiency- and progress-oriented modern elite: Global economic and liberal thinking, affinity for higher consumption, modern design, adopting, interest in technology and digital, competitive and careeroriented, networker, open to change Ambitious and individualistic avant-garde: Cosmopolitan, urban, Cosmopolitan mobile and flexible, digital nomads, way of life vanguards, pronounced Avantgarde self-expression, postmodern way of life elite, anti-mainstream, desire to stand out, joie de vivre, ambitious and success-oriented Progressive Realists Drivers of social transformation: Sustainable way of life but without renunciation, driving the global social transformation, progressive, optimistic, ease of dealing with contradictions, party and protest, seriousness and entertainment Adaptive Navigators SensationOriented Conventional Mainstream Traditionals ConsumerMaterialists Modern mainstream: Flexible pragmatists, young modern middle class, high willingness to adapt and perform, modern way of life, digital affinity, reliable and loyal, open to new – but tested and verified- things Materialistic- and entertainment-focused lower middle-class: Hedonistic, with focus on today, conspicuous consumption, unconcerned, open to risks, anti-bourgeois yet materialistic way of life, rejection of political correctness and conventions, looking for fun, action, entertainment, stimulation Harmony-seeking older middle-class: Desire for secure circumstances, fear of losing achievements, search for community, cohesion, social life, neighbourly support, distrust towards elites, feeling of being left out in favour of other groups, down to earth Order-seeking older generation: Petty bourgeois world, traditional working-class culture, desire for social security, harmony, consistency, voluntarily disconnection from modern way of life and digital culture, desire for simple, safe, down to earth Lower class striving for validation: Precarious living conditions, undemanding adaptation to necessities, desire for consumption standard of the middle class, defiant cohesion within their own community, fear of speed of change and being left behind

social-ecological transformation 2 Problem awareness

social-ecological transformation 13 Main findings Problem awareness Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection • Adequate and affordable housing" and"Employment offers and fair wages" are the five most frequently mentioned Topics with 49% each. Public health service and care is close behind in third place with 48%, followed by inflation and declining purchasing power with 44%. The area of environmental, nature and climate protection is counted among the five most important political topics by 32% of the respondents. Relevance of environmental policy fields of action • Among the top five challenges to preserving our livelihoods, respondents most frequently rank climate change(59%), environmental and living environment waste(53%), water pollution(51%) and air pollution(49%). Increasing traffic and noise are the least frequently seen as a priority field for environmental policy action(16%). Relevance of the climate change as a topic • A clear majority of the population considers climate change to be a(very) important Topic for Spain: On a scale from 0 "completely irrelevant" to 10"absolutely important", 63% of respondents choose scale points 8 to 10, another 22% scale points 6 to 7. In contrast, it is only 3% of respondents who choose scale points 0 to 2. The scale average is 7.6.

social-ecological transformation 14 Main findings Problem awareness Attitudes towards climate change • 94% of respondents believe that the destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 64%). At the same time, 85% say they are afraid of the consequences of climate change(highest level of agreement: 39%), while 31% think that many things are very exaggerated when it comes to the consequences of climate change(highest level of agreement: 11%). When asked if there are more important problems in our country than climate change, 50% agree(highest level of agreement: 15%) and 50% disagree. Similarly, when it comes to the statement that we should rather focus on adapting to the consequences of climate change instead of putting climate protection in the foreground: while 54% agree(highest level of agreement: 14%), 46% disagree. Consequences of climate change • The lack of water in everyday life and the increase in extreme weather events scare the population the most: 66% of respondents rank the lack of water in everyday life and 64% the increase in extreme weather events among the five consequences of climate change that scare them the most. Forest fires and the extinction of species in the animal and plant world rank third and fourth, with 50% and 47% respectively. The fifth most frequently mentioned effect is the increase in humanitarian crises(43%). Significantly fewer respondents are afraid of increased immigration and migration (12%).

social-ecological transformation 15 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Spain to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Politically relevant topics Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Public health service and care Inflation, declining purchasing power Fair pensions and retirement provision Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 49 49 48 44 37 37 33 32 30 27 21 21 18 5 3

social-ecological transformation 16 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Spain to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Public health service and care Inflation, declining purchasing power Fair pensions and retirement provision Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 49 45 49 48 38 49 43 52 45 54 48 51 47 46 47 44 49 39 40 53 37 36 36 43 24 37 37 50 41 31 33 25 58 36 42 32 32 56 38 38 30 30 19 30 33 27 32 26 32 18 21 23 13 11 18 21 29 14 28 28 18 25 14 19 12 5 7 4 6 9 3 1 3 3 9 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 48 47 47 40 47 55 45 48 49 42 53 36 32 39 41 33 36 34 27 24 31 24 25 28 25 41 21 25 33 34 19 30 32 28 19 16 20 20 18 7 8 4 2 2 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 59 43 64 45 49 64 53 45 51 45 42 41 44 36 34 32 36 42 32 35 34 22 33 34 40 23 29 27 24 16 30 20 8 9 23 20 13 21 14 3 6 2 1 5 3 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 17 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Spain to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Public health service and care Inflation, declining purchasing power Fair pensions and retirement provision Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 49 48 44 37 37 33 32 30 27 21 21 18 5 3 Gender Male Female 43 54 43 54 44 52 49 40 36 39 34 40 31 36 33 31 30 29 33 22 24 19 24 17 20 16 5 6 3 2 18-29 50 56 44 37 24 42 31 27 22 24 20 26 15 8 5 30-39 51 49 48 48 35 37 29 33 28 24 16 16 19 5 3 Age(years) 40-49 46 47 48 50 32 36 33 34 32 27 24 21 19 3 3 50-59 50 47 51 42 44 38 32 29 35 31 24 20 17 4 1 60-69 49 44 50 43 54 32 43 37 31 31 22 22 20 9 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 18 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Spain to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Public health service and care Inflation, declining purchasing power Fair pensions and retirement provision Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 49 48 44 37 37 33 32 30 27 21 21 18 5 3 Education Low Medium High 52 50 45 48 47 50 48 49 48 34 45 53 42 37 32 33 36 42 36 34 30 31 31 34 32 28 29 28 27 27 23 21 21 15 20 27 15 19 20 4 7 6 3 2 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 56 47 41 45 51 43 46 49 48 31 50 51 38 38 33 33 36 42 39 32 28 29 32 42 30 30 27 23 29 33 23 20 22 16 23 26 16 18 25 6 5 7 3 2 4 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 19 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges to sustaining of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Environmental policy fields of action Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Waste in the environment and living environment Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Industrial agriculture Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 19 16 59 53 51 49 45 39 36 32 29

social-ecological transformation 20 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges to sustaining of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Waste in the environment and living environment Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Industrial agriculture Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 59 62 79 63 67 53 65 56 58 49 51 53 51 61 45 49 52 56 53 43 45 52 59 45 42 39 36 40 38 39 36 32 40 37 42 32 34 37 27 26 29 31 25 31 28 19 15 18 20 23 16 10 12 11 18 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 44 56 59 43 54 75 44 51 41 53 51 63 42 52 62 51 47 47 44 49 50 49 47 42 31 48 47 50 37 36 34 35 43 47 44 33 29 31 36 43 38 35 36 41 22 27 31 33 26 27 32 29 28 31 23 20 14 17 20 20 22 14 24 13 17 21 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 21 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges to sustaining of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Waste in the environment and living environment Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Industrial agriculture Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 59 53 51 49 45 39 36 32 29 19 16 Gender Male Female 55 62 50 55 53 50 48 50 42 48 41 37 35 36 35 29 31 27 17 21 16 17 18-29 61 48 48 52 37 33 37 34 24 25 18 30-39 56 48 49 46 38 35 31 35 25 20 17 Age(years) 40-49 58 51 48 47 44 36 34 34 30 19 17 50-59 57 55 54 49 48 46 37 28 31 17 17 60-69 61 62 57 51 58 46 41 29 34 14 11 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 22 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges to sustaining of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Waste in the environment and living environment Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Industrial agriculture Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 59 53 51 49 45 39 36 32 29 19 16 Education Low Medium High 54 64 60 50 55 54 49 52 53 46 51 51 46 40 47 42 36 37 40 37 31 23 35 39 34 26 26 18 20 19 17 14 16 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 54 59 68 44 56 55 46 53 53 47 51 48 40 47 44 38 39 42 41 34 33 25 36 37 29 28 26 22 18 19 19 15 16 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 23 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Spain? 4 3 2 56 7 8 1 0 0= completely irrelevant, can be forgotten Ø= 7,6 9 10 10= absolutely important, more important than anything else Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 63 22 9 3 3 (0-2)(3-4)(5)(6-7)(8-10)

social-ecological transformation 24 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Spain? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 21 18 28 30 21 11 14 22 14 31 27 19 23 25 18 14 13 16 15 15 21 29 23 27 28 24 31 21 22 21 25 16 17 14 14 13 16 19 18 16 11 13 11 10 8 6 2 1 6 15 14 10 6 6 8 9 8 4 5 4 14 9 14 16 8 8 2 1 1 3- 3 4 1 5 1 1 1 -- 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 -- 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 0 1---- 1 1- 0 2 3- 1- 1 3 1 3 4 7,6 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 8 8 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 25 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Spain? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 21 19 23 14 8 9 2 1 1 0 2 7,6 Gender Male Female 21 21 19 18 23 22 13 15 8 8 8 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 3 1 8 8 18-29 19 16 23 15 8 10 3 1 1 4 7 30-39 15 17 29 17 7 8 2 2 2 0 1 8 Age(years) 40-49 21 14 22 17 11 9 2 1 1 0 3 8 50-59 27 18 18 10 7 12 3 2 1 1 2 8 60-69 21 28 23 11 4 8 1 0 2 1 0 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 26 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Spain? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 21 19 23 14 8 9 2 1 1 0 2 7,6 Education Low Medium High 24 23 17 18 18 20 23 22 23 11 15 16 7 9 7 12 9 7 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 - 1 1 1 1 3 8 8 7 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 18 22 19 17 18 25 23 24 19 13 16 10 8 7 8 15 8 7 3 2 4 2 1 2 1 1 3 0 0 1 2 2 3 7 8 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 27 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. 94 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 85 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 54 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 50 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 31 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 64 30 42 6 39 46 12 3 15 14 40 33 13 46 15 35 37 13 50 11 20 39 30 69 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 28 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 94 91 97 97 98 86 95 96 98 93 97 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 85 86 94 87 93 80 72 84 76 89 96 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 54 48 25 56 48 62 56 61 66 62 35 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 50 43 23 43 52 57 59 55 67 49 46 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 31 24 8 25 24 42 38 34 40 38 21 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 29 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. 94 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 85 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 54 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 50 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 31 Gender Male Female 94 96 81 88 53 54 51 50 37 25 18-29 95 90 50 51 32 30-39 94 87 54 51 33 Age(years) 40-49 95 82 56 52 31 50-59 93 81 53 54 31 60-69 96 83 55 43 28 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 30 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. Total 94 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 85 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 54 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 50 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 31 Education Low Medium High 95 96 93 85 86 83 62 53 46 54 45 51 33 24 33 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 95 95 90 86 86 79 60 51 47 57 48 48 36 26 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 31 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Consequences of climate change Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 12 1 2 32 30 28 26 25 50 47 43 66 64

social-ecological transformation 32 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 66 74 71 70 70 64 66 84 67 73 50 49 53 52 51 47 50 60 57 36 43 45 56 43 40 32 33 36 29 29 30 33 30 30 33 28 30 34 28 33 26 25 19 24 26 25 24 23 27 26 12 12 5 9 6 1 -- 1 2 1- 1 4 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 56 63 71 63 64 69 44 64 56 71 54 70 31 53 57 54 48 51 37 46 58 49 38 44 40 41 28 45 37 54 32 26 29 34 36 41 28 28 30 30 28 37 31 30 23 20 22 33 42 25 25 23 30 12 23 20 29 25 29 18 15 19 8 14 16 5 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 5 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 33 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 66 64 50 47 43 32 30 28 26 25 12 1 2 Gender Male Female 63 70 60 67 49 51 45 50 43 42 31 34 31 29 28 27 26 26 23 26 16 7 1 1 3 1 18-29 57 59 43 49 39 37 38 34 28 19 9 1 2 30-39 65 58 50 47 38 30 37 31 26 26 9 1 2 Age(years) 40-49 66 66 44 42 47 30 29 28 28 21 10 1 3 50-59 70 67 54 51 41 31 24 21 25 28 14 1 2 60-69 74 68 59 50 48 34 25 25 22 28 17 1 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 34 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 66 64 50 47 43 32 30 28 26 25 12 1 2 Education Low Medium High 66 69 65 62 67 64 52 50 47 49 47 46 41 43 44 32 32 32 28 33 31 23 29 31 22 27 29 24 26 24 13 10 12 2 1 0 2 1 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 63 68 66 58 66 64 50 51 47 49 49 42 41 43 42 31 35 29 27 30 33 27 29 28 27 25 26 25 25 23 9 13 13 2 1 1 2 2 5 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 3 Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour

social-ecological transformation 36 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 92% of respondents believe that we all have to become active and start changing the way we live in order to maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 53%). • Furthermore, 91% of respondents would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the resulting costs were distributed in a socially just manner(highest level of agreement: 38%). • In addition, 81% say they are committed to actively contribute to changing society(highest level of agreement: 28%). Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 87% of respondents believe that we should be willing to change our lifestyle for the benefit of the environment(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 43%). However, 35%(also) say that they themselves are only willing to do something to protect the environment if this does not affect their own standard of living(highest level of agreement: 9%).

social-ecological transformation 37 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 81% would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted in this way(highest level of agreement: 30%). However, 34% do not believe that they can contribute significantly to environmental protection with their own behaviour(highest level of agreement: 10%). 45% say that others should take the first step before they themselves contribute to climate protection(highest level of agreement: 15%). • 65% fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will be associated with high personal costs (highest approval rating: 19%). Furthermore, 59% of the respondents consider measures to protect the climate and the environment to be socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular(highest level of agreement: 20%). That there is a personal lack of financial means to do something for climate protection is said by 57%(highest level of agreement: 19%). • 71% say they are annoyed when others try to tell them how to live(highest level of agreement: 30%). Furthermore, 47% complain that they will soon not be able to do anything at all if there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection(highest approval rating: 16%). • 53% think that businesses know best how to implement the necessary change(highest level of agreement: 11%). Furthermore, 33% think that science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life(highest level of agreement: 8%).

social-ecological transformation 38 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 49% say that preserving jobs is more important than protecting the climate and the environment(highest level of agreement: 10%). 43% think that fighting climate change is detrimental to the economy(highest approval rating: 13%). Furthermore, 42% say that businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements(highest approval rating: 12%). • Almost one in three(32%) find it difficult to shape their own lives in an environmentally and climate-friendly way (highest level of agreement: 7%). In addition, 61% say that the poor infrastructure makes it impossible to do without the car(highest level of agreement: 21%). Around one fifth(21%) say they cannot see changing their own behaviour for something that may happen in the future(highest level of agreement: 6%). Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 91% feel that spending time in nature significantly enhances their quality of life(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 50%). Furthermore, 83% of respondents feel strongly connected to nature(highest level of agreement: 36%). • 93% believe that environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty(highest level of agreement: 56%). That more environmental protection also means better quality of life and health for all, say 92%(highest approval rating: 55%). Furthermore, according to 91% of respondents, each individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations(highest approval rating: 51%). 77% feel personally responsible for the preservation of nature and the environment(highest approval rating: 28%).

social-ecological transformation 39 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 90% see the industrialised countries as having a special responsibility for climate protection, as they have been the main cause of climate change(highest level of agreement: 49%). In addition, 85% say they feel better when they buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate(highest level of agreement: 34%). • 89% believe that consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of businesses in the future(highest approval rating: 39%). 88% believe that businesses must become more climate-friendly, as otherwise there is a risk of economic damage(highest approval rating: 43%). Furthermore, 82% believe that switching to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities (highest approval rating: 29%).

social-ecological transformation 40 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start 92 changing the way we live. I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair 91 manner. I commit myself to actively changing society. 81 53 38 28 39 62 8 53 72 9 53 15 4 19 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 41 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 92 96 99 96 98 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 91 92 95 95 94 I commit myself to actively changing society. 81 90 91 88 96 Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 53 60 68 60 58 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 38 37 44 51 43 I commit myself to actively changing society. 28 31 41 38 32 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 84 86 93 89 90 98 87 87 89 85 89 98 77 72 81 63 83 94 ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 28 41 54 47 60 71 22 26 38 28 48 56 12 14 27 14 45 43 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 42 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 92 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 91 I commit myself to actively changing society. 81 Response category:"Fully agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 53 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 38 I commit myself to actively changing society. 28 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 89 95 89 92 80 84 Gender Male Female 52 54 38 38 26 31 18-29 91 90 87 30-39 91 89 82 Age(years) 40-49 92 90 80 50-59 92 90 79 60-69 94 93 82 18-29 52 38 35 30-39 48 36 27 Age(years) 40-49 57 39 29 50-59 55 41 25 60-69 52 35 26 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 43 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 92 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 91 I commit myself to actively changing society. 81 Response category:"Fully agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 53 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially fair manner. 38 I commit myself to actively changing society. 28 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 92 92 92 91 91 89 80 83 82 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 90 94 90 91 91 87 83 83 77 Education Low Medium High 52 57 52 37 40 38 24 32 30 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 54 53 52 41 36 37 30 28 28 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 44 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular. I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 43 30 51 30 41 19 46 21 40 20 39 19 38 11 42 10 39 Fully agree Somewhat agree 44 11 2 16 3 24 5 28 7 28 11 31 10 33 10 36 11 39 12 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 45 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at 16 31 all. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 15 30 36 17 37 18 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 13 30 40 17 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 12 30 40 18 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 9 26 45 20 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 10 24 41 25 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 7 26 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our 8 24 way of life. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 6 15 46 41 45 21 27 34 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 46 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 87 91 99 96 93 78 79 84 85 84 94 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 81 79 79 77 92 80 78 83 78 87 85 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 71 64 44 69 72 69 82 73 78 76 70 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 65 55 38 50 67 72 76 73 75 72 66 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 61 53 69 61 60 65 55 54 60 63 76 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 59 59 48 45 61 72 61 59 69 53 62 I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 57 44 37 51 47 60 65 64 74 61 57 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 53 61 41 50 57 55 49 56 50 62 47 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 49 39 17 40 52 55 61 52 60 59 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 47 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 47 53 22 42 36 51 49 56 57 56 34 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 45 29 23 29 51 52 53 52 53 59 41 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 38 23 28 36 53 46 49 50 55 39 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 42 40 17 37 45 56 41 46 47 48 33 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 35 30 11 26 34 39 46 37 43 47 29 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 34 24 22 23 30 42 38 35 41 45 28 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 33 32 13 31 44 41 36 29 22 44 35 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 32 25 17 21 37 45 31 36 40 39 35 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 21 10 4 13 23 37 21 24 26 31 16 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 48 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 87 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 81 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 71 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 65 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 61 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 59 I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 57 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 53 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 49 Gender Male Female 85 89 81 81 71 70 64 66 60 62 61 57 59 56 51 55 50 48 18-29 88 80 72 65 65 60 55 51 52 30-39 85 82 74 69 67 67 62 60 53 Age(years) 40-49 88 82 72 64 65 57 53 50 46 50-59 87 81 71 69 56 57 58 52 49 60-69 87 81 64 59 52 57 61 53 45 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 49 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 47 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 45 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 42 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 35 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 34 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 33 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 32 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 21 Gender Male Female 49 45 50 41 45 41 45 38 40 32 39 29 37 28 35 31 25 18 18-29 44 53 41 42 41 45 40 39 26 30-39 47 45 43 44 34 37 37 40 28 Age(years) 40-49 48 47 41 39 35 31 30 34 19 50-59 51 43 48 45 38 31 32 32 20 60-69 44 36 43 38 29 27 26 18 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 50 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Total 87 81 71 65 61 59 57 53 49 Education Low Medium High 88 88 86 85 81 78 71 71 70 68 66 63 58 61 65 59 60 59 66 56 50 56 53 51 51 48 48 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 87 88 84 80 83 76 74 69 70 71 64 56 64 61 58 62 58 56 66 56 46 52 55 50 48 49 46 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 51 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. Total 47 45 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 42 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 35 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 34 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 33 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 32 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 21 Education Low Medium High 55 47 40 46 44 45 48 43 38 45 43 37 38 35 34 37 32 33 30 32 36 35 30 33 25 20 19 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 51 46 39 50 44 41 45 41 41 47 41 39 37 37 28 38 31 34 33 32 37 40 30 31 27 21 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 52 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 43 54 64 50 42 16 32 36 32 57 60 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 30 32 41 32 31 13 21 30 28 44 39 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 30 21 11 31 20 20 36 36 34 44 30 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 21 18 22 22 24 14 21 20 21 24 32 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 20 17 12 17 10 14 20 18 30 25 28 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 19 12 4 18 15 16 21 23 17 34 26 I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 19 15 7 16 12 12 20 23 26 27 21 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 16 18 9 18 16 6 16 21 19 26 11 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 15 4 5 13 15 8 19 16 27 28 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 53 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 13 14 7 8 12 13 13 21 11 22 11 12 7 10 16 15 10 8 15 11 21 11 11 12 11 15 12 6 9 12 6 19 10 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 10 8 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 10 6 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 9 9 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 8 8 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 7 5 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 6 4 2 6 17 12 12 13 12 14 3 4 10 12 10 7 12 11 16 7 2 8 9 8 10 10 11 17 6 5 9 11 4 7 11 3 18 8 3 6 8 5 8 9 9 12 3 - 3 12 6 4 8 7 13 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 54 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 43 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 30 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 30 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 21 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 20 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 19 I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 19 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 16 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 15 Gender Male Female 41 45 30 31 31 28 23 20 22 17 22 16 22 15 19 14 18 13 18-29 39 32 28 22 21 21 21 16 17 30-39 44 33 33 28 26 25 17 17 13 Age(years) 40-49 48 32 30 27 19 20 19 17 16 50-59 42 29 31 17 18 21 20 18 17 60-69 41 26 25 11 15 8 17 13 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 55 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Total 13 12 11 10 10 9 8 7 6 Gender Male Female 15 12 15 9 12 11 12 8 13 6 11 8 10 6 8 6 8 5 18-29 13 15 13 11 15 11 10 8 7 30-39 15 15 13 11 13 9 11 10 10 Age(years) 40-49 13 13 13 11 10 11 9 8 5 50-59 14 10 12 10 6 10 7 7 5 60-69 11 8 6 8 6 4 5 1 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 56 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 43 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 30 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 30 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 21 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 20 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 19 I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 19 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 16 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 15 Education Low Medium High 41 45 43 31 32 28 32 28 28 20 21 23 22 19 18 18 20 20 24 18 14 18 17 15 19 13 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 44 43 43 33 30 27 31 28 30 23 22 19 24 18 18 23 16 15 24 16 11 17 15 18 17 14 16 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 57 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Total 13 12 11 10 10 9 8 7 6 Education Low Medium High 15 13 13 14 12 11 12 10 12 10 10 10 12 9 8 8 11 9 8 8 10 7 7 8 7 7 5 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 13 13 13 12 11 15 13 11 7 9 11 12 14 8 8 11 9 7 10 8 9 9 7 6 7 6 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 58 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. The industrialized countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in causing climate change. Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. I feel a strong connection with nature. The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 56 37 61 55 37 71 51 40 72 50 41 81 49 41 82 39 50 92 43 45 10 2 34 51 12 3 36 47 15 2 29 53 15 3 28 49 18 5 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 59 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 93 95 99 97 97 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 92 95 95 98 97 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 91 98 98 92 92 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 91 97 96 92 89 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 90 91 99 90 94 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 89 87 95 90 94 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 88 94 96 93 98 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 85 92 91 91 88 I feel a strong connection with nature. 83 92 90 86 83 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 82 88 93 89 91 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 77 82 92 77 85 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 83 92 94 82 92 90 86 90 88 83 91 90 79 90 90 82 83 84 80 86 84 78 77 84 78 80 87 75 73 77 80 66 77 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 89 92 94 90 92 98 91 90 92 90 88 97 89 88 93 86 92 98 82 85 91 72 87 92 73 83 87 68 85 91 56 83 86 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 60 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 93 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 92 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 91 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 91 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 90 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 89 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 88 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 85 I feel a strong connection with nature. 83 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 82 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 77 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 92 94 92 93 90 93 89 94 89 91 87 90 89 87 81 87 82 85 80 83 75 79 18-29 90 90 86 86 89 90 86 83 76 84 76 30-39 89 88 92 86 89 88 86 81 81 79 77 Age(years) 40-49 95 95 92 92 93 88 88 85 84 82 78 50-59 93 93 93 94 87 86 86 85 85 79 74 60-69 96 95 93 97 91 91 94 88 92 85 80 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 61 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 93 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 92 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 91 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 91 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 90 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 89 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 88 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 85 I feel a strong connection with nature. 83 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 82 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 77 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 93 91 94 93 91 92 94 90 90 91 92 90 92 90 88 88 91 87 85 92 88 82 87 85 84 85 81 81 82 82 74 79 79 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 90 94 93 91 94 90 90 92 89 87 93 93 88 91 86 90 90 86 85 89 90 85 84 84 82 85 82 79 83 81 74 79 79 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 62 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 56 63 73 58 61 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 55 60 80 63 62 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 51 60 76 63 42 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 50 57 63 47 43 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 49 48 65 55 58 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 43 51 67 45 56 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the businesses in the future. 39 41 55 44 47 I feel a strong connection with nature. 36 44 47 45 35 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 34 39 50 53 32 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 29 28 44 37 33 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 28 33 37 38 27 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 30 51 55 24 49 50 21 45 48 24 41 55 21 45 41 18 36 35 12 30 32 17 18 44 11 20 25 14 17 27 12 9 30 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 46 64 71 44 60 72 47 56 67 45 67 62 51 56 63 26 57 58 30 57 51 24 50 46 22 52 51 20 39 38 21 48 34 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 63 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 56 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 55 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 51 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 50 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 49 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 43 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the businesses in the future. 39 I feel a strong connection with nature. 36 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 34 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 29 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 28 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 55 57 54 56 49 54 50 50 50 48 46 40 41 36 34 37 31 38 29 28 26 30 18-29 47 56 47 43 48 43 37 33 36 27 31 30-39 54 52 50 48 46 42 39 36 34 30 27 Age(years) 40-49 58 56 57 56 55 48 42 38 37 32 30 50-59 61 56 50 54 50 42 37 36 30 25 27 60-69 58 55 53 46 44 40 39 35 35 28 25 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 64 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 56 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 55 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 51 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 50 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 49 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 43 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the businesses in the future. 39 I feel a strong connection with nature. 36 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 34 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 29 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 28 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 54 56 58 54 57 54 51 55 50 51 48 50 50 48 50 37 49 45 37 41 39 33 35 39 32 36 35 29 25 31 27 29 28 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 53 56 63 56 54 59 51 52 50 47 52 52 49 51 46 40 45 47 40 40 34 37 35 37 37 33 34 29 29 26 27 30 26 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 4 Changing our way of living and doing business

social-ecological transformation 56 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Assessment of the need for change • When asked whether a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business is necessary in Spain, over four-fifths of respondents answered"Yes, definitely"(30%) or"rather yes"(56%). This contrasts with 9% who(rather) do not think fundamental change is necessary. Attribution of responsibility- Which actors do too little? • In the opinion of the population, it is above all political parties that should be more committed to tackling climate change: 81% of respondents say political parties are(much) too little committed. • 72% think that the government is doing(far) too little to tackle climate change. 72% see more responsibility on the part of the businesses and 71% would like to see more responsibility on the part of the trade unions. • 63% think that local citizens should do more. That local governments(e.g. municipality/city/) are doing(way) too little is also said by 63% of respondents. 54% think that the European Union does(way) too little. • Non-governmental organisations are less likely to be expected to increase efforts(31%). The scientific community is seen as having the least responsibility(Way too little/too little: 24%).

social-ecological transformation 67 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Attribution of responsibility- Which actors can contribute most to crisis management? • When it comes to addressing the climate and environmental crisis, the government is by far the most frequently ranked of the three most influential actors(61%), followed by the European Union(45%). Local citizens rank third (39%). Businesses are seen as playing an influential role by 36%. They are followed by the scientific community(30%), local governments at home(20%), political parties(16%), NGOs(13%) and trade unions(3%). Attitudes towards policies • 91% are of the opinion that politicians should pay much more attention to a socially just shaping of the change in our economic and life styles(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 42%). Almost as many respondents(90%) are in favour of more financial support for people with low incomes if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures(highest level of agreement: 46%). At the same time, 70% feel uneasy at the idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business, as they know from experience that many people will be worse off afterwards than before(highest level of agreement: 23%). • 82% agree that low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pollution than other population groups(highest level of agreement: 39%).

social-ecological transformation 68 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 90% support a more consistent switch to renewable energy(highest approval rating: 44%). 62% agree with the statement "It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the special features of our country"(highest level of agreement: 22%). • 89% are in favour of support programmes that helps businesses to switch to climate-friendly production processes and products(highest approval rating: 38%). 86% think that businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate-neutral(highest approval rating: 32%). Politicians should exert much more pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods, say 85%(highest approval rating: 39%). Furthermore, 57% are of the opinion that politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely(highest approval rating: 18%). • 87% think that, above all, strict and consistent laws are needed to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations(highest level of agreement: 34%). 63%, however,(also) say that there are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business- if these were also implemented, we would be on the right track(highest approval rating: 15%). • 57% believe that structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result(highest level of agreement: 14%). 79%, meanwhile, say that jobs affected by structural change should be preserved as long as possible if there are no suitable alternatives(highest level of agreement: 25%).

social-ecological transformation 69 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection • Mobility: 93% of respondents are in favour of reducing the price of local public transport(highest level of agreement"I fully support": 61%). Likewise, 93% are in favour of expanding the transport network and the frequency of local public transport(highest approval rating: 57%). More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles are supported by 86% (highest approval rating: 44%), the promotion of electric vehicles by 80%(highest approval rating: 39%), a climate tax on airline tickets by 60%(highest approval rating: 23%) and the introduction of a car toll(so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more) by 45%(highest approval rating: 15%). • Energy: 88% are in favour of mandatory solar for public buildings and new private buildings(highest level of approval: 47%). The same number of respondents(88%) are in favour of cooperative membership(highest approval rating: 35%) and 85% of respondents are in favour of building more wind turbines(highest approval rating: 40%). • Technology/innovations/ businesses: 93% of respondents are in favour of more support for the development of climatefriendly products and technologies(highest level of agreement: 50%). 91% are in favour of labelling climate-friendly products(highest approval rating: 44%). Reducing subsidies that are harmful to the climate is supported by 77%(highest approval rating: 34%) and making products that are harmful to the climate more expensive by 66%(highest approval rating: 24%).

social-ecological transformation 70 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • Education: 93% support an improvement of school education in the field of environmental and climate protection (highest approval rating: 55%). 88% support training or further training(or retraining) for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future(highest level of support: 44%). • Housing: 91% approve of financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump)(highest approval level: 46%). 91% approve of state support for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation(highest approval rating: 49%). Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances are also approved by 91%(highest approval rating: 42%) and 90% support state subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy (highest approval rating: 45%). Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition • 93% of respondents agree that workers affected by the switch to renewable energy(e.g. job loss) should be supported in retraining for alternative jobs(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 51%). Furthermore, 92% think that the affected employees should be supported financially(compensation payments, severance payments, etc.)(highest level of agreement: 47%).

social-ecological transformation 71 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 93% agree that the development of energy communities should be supported by the government(highest level of agreement: 50%). Furthermore, 91% of respondents believe that private households that want to use renewable energy (e.g. solar power, solar heating or heat pump) should be financially supported(highest level of agreement: 47%). • According to 89% of the respondents, new industries should be actively located in regions and municipalities affected by the conversion of electricity and heat supply to renewable energy(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions)(highest level of agreement: 39%). Furthermore, 88% of respondents think that the affected regions and municipalities should receive financial support(highest level of agreement: 41%). • 89% of respondents believe that citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community(highest level of agreement: 37%). • 68% of respondents can imagine taking an active part in shaping their community's energy supply, with 19% saying they could"definitely" imagine doing so. Asked whether they could imagine generating their own energy, 6% say they already do, 45% say they could"definitely" imagine it and 31% say they could"rather" imagine it.

social-ecological transformation 72 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 62% would"approve" of the construction of a solar park in their community if the profits generated by it benefited the community. Another 33% would accept it, 5% would oppose it. Building a wind park in their community would be"fine" by 49%(if the profits it generates benefit the community). Another 38% would accept it, 13% would oppose it. • To fight climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. 73% of respondents think this should be done through more public subsidies for climate-neutral technologies and the replacement of heating. On the other hand, 10% support bans and 5% higher prices for oil, gas and coal. The remaining 12% of respondents are not in favour of any of the options mentioned. • When asked whether renewable energy has become more important since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, 31% answer"yes, renewable energy has become more important" Another 39% answered with"rather yes" In contrast, 16% answered with"rather no" and 14% with"no, renewable energy has not become more important"

social-ecological transformation 73 Assessment of the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Spain? Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Yes Yes, definitely Rather yes No No, not really No, not at all Don't know 30 86 56 7 9 2 5

social-ecological transformation 74 Assessment of the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Spain? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 86 88 97 88 93 74 80 86 78 89 98 30 34 42 33 30 21 20 30 19 38 43 56 55 55 55 64 53 61 56 59 50 55 9 7 2 8 4 16 16 9 9 7 2 7 6 2 5 4 12 12 5 8 5 2 2 1- 3- 4 4 4 2 2 5 5 1 4 3 10 4 4 12 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 75 Assessment of the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Spain? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total 86 30 56 9 7 2 5 Gender Male Female 85 87 31 29 54 58 11 7 8 5 3 2 4 6 18-29 90 34 56 8 7 1 2 30-39 87 31 56 7 5 2 7 Age(years) 40-49 89 34 55 7 6 2 4 50-59 83 23 60 11 9 3 6 60-69 81 28 53 11 8 3 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 76 Assessment of the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Spain? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total 86 30 56 9 7 2 5 Education Low Medium High 83 88 88 29 32 29 53 56 59 10 7 9 8 5 7 2 2 3 8 5 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 84 87 85 34 29 27 50 58 58 10 8 13 8 6 10 2 3 3 7 5 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 77 Attribution of responsibility What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? The scientific community Non-governmental organisations (e.g. local environmental movements) European Union Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Citizens in their area TOO LITTLE 24 31 54 63 63 Government 72 Businesses 72 Trade unions 71 Political parties 81 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 15 23 15 30 27 31 40 6 18 10 21 39 40 48 42 45 40 41 Way too little Too little 36 31 29 26 23 17 16 16 10 Just right 28 27 10 4 62 93 53 62 32 42 TOO MUCH 6 34 6 33 14 8 12 8 8 5 6 Way too much Too much Don't know 6 5 3 3 2 3 4 8 3

social-ecological transformation 78 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 8 7 1 9 12 16 21 8 22 18 72 67 89 65 67 8 8 5 10 6 26 28 18 31 37 63 61 76 58 55 14 20 9 12 15 29 28 36 37 32 54 47 52 49 48 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 13 9 8 7 10 6 22 15 17 14 14 8 59 74 69 73 72 84 9 4 9 8 14 8 35 27 26 25 18 22 50 65 60 64 65 69 19 13 16 33 28 21 43 57 57 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 9 15 13 24 25 26 64 57 60 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 79 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 8 12 6 10 10 17 19 18 19 28 72 66 76 68 63 12 10 10 11 11 23 19 13 23 20 63 66 75 65 70 5 2 2 5 8 16 18 18 18 21 71 70 74 65 67 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists 14 5 9 5 11 7 25 13 20 10 11 14 56 81 67 80 75 78 14 11 10 9 15 11 30 28 27 21 23 17 53 58 56 63 60 71 9 3 5 23 17 11 62 72 76 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 5 10 5 8 12 15 74 74 76 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 80 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Total EST INT PER COS 6 9 2 8 3 10 8 3 9 21 81 79 95 80 74 33 37 41 42 38 31 25 32 25 32 31 32 25 28 25 34 35 47 43 40 36 33 36 29 38 24 23 14 25 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 9 4 8 4 7 3 20 9 12 4 11 11 65 85 77 86 79 83 18 34 29 33 29 42 39 33 35 30 30 32 35 30 30 29 37 24 27 32 20 44 41 43 21 24 28 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 30 35 44 38 31 23 26 29 31 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 81 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 8 16 72 8 26 63 14 29 54 Gender Male Female 10 7 16 17 72 71 9 7 27 26 62 63 15 13 29 29 54 54 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 11 11 8 7 6 17 14 15 14 21 70 71 73 74 68 11 12 6 6 7 30 21 27 25 29 59 63 64 63 62 18 18 12 38 25 24 42 53 60 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 10 13 26 32 60 51 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 82 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 8 17 72 12 23 63 5 16 71 Gender Male Female 10 7 19 15 69 74 11 12 24 21 62 63 5 6 16 16 72 70 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 11 10 7 8 8 22 13 14 16 20 66 74 75 73 69 15 17 10 8 7 27 20 20 27 20 58 59 66 62 69 6 7 6 27 19 14 59 68 73 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 5 4 9 11 76 78 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 83 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 6 10 81 33 31 31 34 36 24 Gender Male Female 6 6 10 10 81 80 33 34 31 32 33 28 36 34 38 34 23 25 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 4 9 7 5 4 17 9 10 8 8 77 80 80 83 82 38 37 31 32 30 35 31 32 29 30 25 28 32 33 33 35 37 31 36 38 37 27 21 25 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 37 33 31 38 26 21 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 84 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 8 16 72 8 26 63 14 29 54 Education Low Medium High 8 10 7 16 18 15 70 68 76 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 10 8 8 14 17 18 72 72 72 7 11 7 27 27 26 62 60 65 8 9 8 25 28 24 65 61 66 11 18 14 27 29 30 57 49 54 15 13 16 27 30 31 57 53 50 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 85 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 8 17 72 12 23 63 5 16 71 Education Low Medium High 8 11 8 19 17 15 70 70 75 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 8 9 13 19 17 11 71 72 75 10 15 10 21 27 21 63 55 67 11 11 8 20 24 24 66 62 66 6 5 5 13 20 16 72 66 74 7 5 5 20 14 14 67 74 76 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 86 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 6 10 81 33 31 31 34 36 24 Education Low Medium High 6 5 6 10 13 9 79 78 83 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 5 6 9 12 10 8 80 80 82 30 38 34 32 32 30 30 26 33 29 35 34 34 33 30 32 28 34 30 40 35 36 36 36 27 19 25 29 37 38 36 38 34 30 20 23 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 87 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three actors you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Citizens in their area Businesses The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Politicians Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 61 45 39 36 30 20 16 13 3 4

social-ecological transformation 88 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three actors you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Citizens in their area Businesses The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Politicians Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Trade unions None of them Total EST INT PER COS 61 58 77 60 67 45 48 53 41 47 39 52 34 54 36 36 33 47 46 50 30 35 31 21 24 20 24 16 23 17 16 10 13 18 13 13 9 14 10 10 3 3 2 1 5 4 3 1 1 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 49 68 50 62 56 71 39 47 40 38 47 59 35 36 46 32 29 45 28 37 34 37 29 28 33 37 27 26 29 29 17 19 24 22 18 17 15 9 18 16 24 24 17 11 12 14 18 11 6 1 4 3 2 2 5 4 8 7 5 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 89 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three actors you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Citizens in their area Businesses The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Politicians Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 61 45 39 36 30 20 16 13 3 4 Gender Male Female 60 62 50 40 38 41 36 37 34 25 17 23 15 17 12 14 2 3 4 4 18-29 62 49 41 34 24 16 22 12 5 3 30-39 56 43 43 36 29 17 14 14 3 6 Age(years) 40-49 65 45 37 38 24 21 16 13 3 4 50-59 63 42 36 34 32 21 16 14 2 3 60-69 58 49 40 38 40 25 10 11 1 4 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 90 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three actors you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Citizens in their area Businesses The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Politicians Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 61 45 39 36 30 20 16 13 3 4 Education Low Medium High 52 66 67 42 48 46 40 38 39 33 35 40 27 32 30 20 20 20 19 19 10 16 11 12 3 3 2 5 3 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 59 63 62 42 46 53 41 40 37 29 39 42 26 32 31 21 18 19 19 16 10 14 12 12 3 3 1 5 3 3 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 91 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 42 49 72 44 46 82 46 44 82 38 51 92 34 53 11 2 32 54 12 2 39 46 11 4 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 92 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, building on green spaces) than other population groups. If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 39 25 23 15 22 14 18 43 54 47 48 40 43 39 Fully agree Somewhat agree 13 5 18 3 25 5 29 8 30 8 35 8 34 9 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 93 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 91 91 98 93 93 84 92 89 89 91 100 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 90 91 98 92 96 76 89 92 93 89 96 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 90 84 98 87 91 84 89 87 92 91 94 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 89 90 91 90 93 85 85 87 87 93 96 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 87 89 93 92 90 76 87 88 82 86 89 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 86 88 91 88 91 78 87 86 79 89 89 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 85 86 91 90 88 74 80 82 83 88 91 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 94 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 82 77 89 89 85 68 78 83 84 88 89 than other population groups. If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 79 76 67 74 78 79 83 88 85 79 74 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 70 71 44 57 59 72 74 73 79 80 77 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 63 68 48 64 55 65 68 68 59 66 66 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 62 65 36 56 54 61 69 70 70 68 58 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 57 67 65 64 66 55 44 50 38 65 74 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 57 54 57 54 57 59 62 48 49 66 56 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. Total 91 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 90 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 90 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 89 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 87 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 86 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 85 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 89 94 88 93 88 92 87 92 86 88 87 86 83 86 95 18-29 89 87 87 84 83 78 81 30-39 87 Age(years) 40-49 95 50-59 92 87 93 88 86 90 91 89 89 92 87 87 87 84 88 86 85 86 86 60-69 92 95 94 92 89 94 85 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 82 than other population groups. If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 79 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 70 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 63 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 62 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 57 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 57 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 83 81 76 81 69 71 63 64 63 61 62 53 57 56 96 18-29 78 72 72 63 63 59 62 30-39 79 Age(years) 40-49 86 50-59 82 82 76 82 67 69 71 69 54 66 65 60 63 59 61 52 60 57 52 60-69 86 82 71 66 59 56 53 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 97 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. Total 91 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 90 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 90 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 89 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 87 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 86 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 85 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 90 94 91 90 92 90 92 90 87 89 92 88 86 89 85 85 89 85 85 88 82 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 90 94 87 90 91 88 95 88 82 90 90 87 87 87 85 82 89 84 84 86 82 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 98 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 82 than other population groups. If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 79 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 70 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 63 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 62 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 57 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 57 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 84 83 80 85 78 73 71 72 68 68 64 58 65 63 58 52 58 61 49 59 62 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 83 82 86 81 78 70 73 70 63 65 62 62 69 59 56 56 57 62 53 56 63 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 99 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 46 41 54 49 48 21 41 41 55 49 63 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 44 54 67 46 57 13 38 40 38 45 61 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 42 40 65 44 44 17 40 31 37 55 56 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 39 34 58 44 45 18 32 36 39 46 50 than other population groups. Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 39 41 55 44 36 13 30 33 38 51 57 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 38 36 38 46 38 17 36 35 33 54 50 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 34 39 47 38 33 15 27 31 29 48 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 100 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 32 30 46 39 29 11 26 32 25 44 44 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 25 21 14 28 21 17 25 31 30 38 21 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 23 14 8 20 22 8 20 30 34 41 27 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 22 17 11 23 14 19 28 23 26 29 18 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 18 13 16 18 18 10 16 16 15 30 26 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 15 13 11 13 14 5 14 19 13 27 22 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 14 16 24 22 8 8 6 14 7 25 12 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 46 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 44 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 42 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 39 than other population groups. Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 39 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 38 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 34 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 45 46 45 43 41 43 41 37 39 39 37 39 35 33 101 18-29 46 41 39 40 31 37 34 30-39 47 Age(years) 40-49 46 50-59 46 42 45 44 44 43 43 38 38 41 40 44 37 38 41 39 33 36 33 60-69 43 48 42 38 42 32 33 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 32 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 25 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 23 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 22 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 18 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 15 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 35 29 25 26 22 24 23 21 18 17 14 16 16 13 102 18-29 32 22 22 19 22 15 15 30-39 32 Age(years) 40-49 30 50-59 34 27 22 26 24 25 22 28 23 21 16 18 15 19 12 15 16 17 8 60-69 32 30 20 19 17 15 15 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 103 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 46 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 44 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 42 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 39 than other population groups. Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 39 There should be support programmes to helps businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 38 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 34 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 49 45 43 40 48 46 39 43 45 39 42 37 40 40 38 37 41 37 33 35 34 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 54 43 36 42 45 46 41 42 43 39 39 39 37 40 37 37 37 41 34 35 31 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 104 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 32 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 25 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 23 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 22 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 18 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 15 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 30 34 33 30 25 21 27 21 20 23 23 20 14 17 21 19 14 13 11 14 17 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 33 31 31 26 26 20 28 20 20 24 21 19 15 17 21 16 14 15 13 15 12 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 105 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition MOBILITY Reduce public transport fares 7 Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 7 More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles 14 Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) 20 Carbon tax on airline tickets 40 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 55 12 22 16 16 59 6 14 28 33 32 36 42 41 37 30 23 15 61 57 44 39 Support 93 93 86 80 60 45 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree

social-ecological transformation 106 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? ENERGY Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community Construction of more wind turbines TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Opposition 12 12 15 7 9 23 34 Support 2 10 2 10 3 12 41 53 45 47 88 35 88 40 85 25 43 18 47 5 18 43 10 24 42 I completely reject it I would rather reject it 50 93 44 91 34 77 24 66 I would rather agree I completely agree

social-ecological transformation 107 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 7 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 12 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems (e.g. heat pump) 9 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 9 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 9 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 10 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Support 25 38 2 10 44 55 93 44 88 27 27 27 28 45 42 49 45 I completely reject it I would rather reject it 46 91 49 91 42 91 45 90 I would rather agree I completely agree

social-ecological transformation 108 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Reduce public transport fares More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) Carbon tax on airline tickets Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 93 97 99 93 93 90 92 89 95 89 96 93 98 96 92 97 87 96 90 91 88 95 87 90 93 92 93 79 83 88 80 84 95 80 85 86 85 86 72 74 82 66 83 91 60 70 71 63 66 55 45 61 48 67 74 45 53 55 45 51 50 32 37 24 60 47 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 109 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 93 94 92 86 89 94 97 98 Reduce public transport fares 93 91 95 85 92 94 96 95 More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles 87 86 87 85 79 86 91 91 Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) 80 79 81 85 75 80 82 77 Carbon tax on airline tickets 60 62 59 58 63 61 57 64 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 45 51 38 49 45 43 40 48 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 110 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Total Education Low Medium High Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 93 93 93 93 89 95 91 Reduce public transport fares 93 93 94 92 91 94 92 More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles 87 87 87 86 81 90 85 Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) 80 77 83 80 78 81 79 Carbon tax on airline tickets 60 62 63 57 62 61 56 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 45 42 44 48 41 45 51 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 111 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 55 47 45 55 49 50 68 63 76 40 53 40 30 29 37 34 45 55 39 52 33 26 20 15 14 15 14 28 26 18 34 17 9 14 10 7 8 8 21 17 12 20 16 5 7 2 4 8 3 13 4 10 9 12 5 7 3 1 7 7 10 8 11 5 11 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 112 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 55 49 62 51 55 57 60 52 Carbon tax on airline tickets 40 38 41 42 37 39 43 36 Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) 20 21 19 16 25 20 18 23 More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles 14 14 13 15 21 14 9 9 Reduce public transport fares 7 9 5 15 9 6 4 5 Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 7 6 8 14 11 6 3 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 113 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Total 55 40 20 14 7 7 Education Low Medium High 59 56 52 38 37 43 23 17 20 13 13 14 7 7 8 7 7 7 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 59 55 49 38 39 44 22 19 22 19 10 15 9 6 8 11 5 9 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 114 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Membership in a cooperative/energy community Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Construction of more wind turbines 88 93 94 91 91 84 83 84 83 88 92 88 94 97 87 95 74 88 90 81 85 94 85 88 93 85 88 83 85 81 82 83 89 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive 93 94 97 92 94 88 94 90 97 90 98 91 92 96 89 94 84 88 92 86 90 98 77 78 89 75 81 68 72 75 71 81 91 66 74 82 70 71 55 52 64 55 71 84 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 115 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 ENERGY Membership in a cooperative/energy community 88 87 89 85 85 91 88 90 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 88 87 89 80 85 91 90 91 Construction of more wind turbines 85 85 85 84 84 89 84 85 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 93 92 94 88 88 96 94 98 Labelling of climate-friendly products 91 88 92 86 86 93 91 95 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 77 79 75 75 80 77 73 81 Making climate-damaging products more expensive 66 66 66 67 60 69 66 69 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 116 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Membership in a cooperative/energy community Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Construction of more wind turbines TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Total 88 88 85 93 91 77 66 Education Low Medium High 89 87 87 88 88 87 84 89 85 93 95 92 90 92 89 74 79 79 64 68 67 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 87 89 84 85 89 88 83 87 86 92 95 92 87 93 84 72 79 81 62 67 71 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 117 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines 15 12 7 15 12 17 15 19 18 17 11 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 12 7 3 13 5 26 12 10 19 15 6 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 12 7 6 9 9 16 18 16 17 12 8 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive 34 26 18 30 30 45 48 37 45 29 16 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 23 22 11 25 19 32 28 26 29 20 9 Labelling of climate-friendly products 9 8 4 11 6 16 12 9 14 10 2 Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 7 6 4 8 6 12 6 11 3 10 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 118 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Labelling of climate-friendly products Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Total 15 12 12 34 23 9 7 Gender Male Female 15 15 14 12 13 11 34 34 21 25 12 8 9 6 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 16 16 11 16 15 20 15 10 11 9 15 16 10 12 11 33 40 31 34 31 25 20 23 27 19 14 14 7 9 5 12 12 4 6 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 119 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" ENERGY Total Education Low Medium High Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) Construction of more wind turbines 15 16 12 15 18 14 14 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 12 12 12 13 15 11 12 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 12 11 13 13 13 11 16 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive 34 37 32 33 38 33 30 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 23 26 21 21 28 21 19 Labelling of climate-friendly products 9 10 8 11 13 7 16 Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 7 7 6 8 8 6 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 120 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 93 96 99 97 99 85 94 94 92 88 97 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 88 90 96 88 87 82 92 88 85 87 95 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 91 94 98 91 95 84 93 88 93 87 95 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 91 96 98 88 96 81 92 91 91 88 95 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 91 94 97 93 92 83 90 90 87 89 94 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 90 91 96 89 94 86 90 82 88 89 97 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 121 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 93 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 88 HOUSING 92 95 89 88 87 91 95 95 99 85 84 91 90 92 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 91 90 93 82 89 94 94 96 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 91 90 92 85 88 93 93 95 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 91 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 90 88 93 89 91 87 84 93 94 95 83 88 92 92 93 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 122 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 93 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 88 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 91 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 91 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 91 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 90 Education Low Medium High 93 95 93 88 90 88 91 93 90 91 92 90 91 91 89 90 92 88 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 90 95 93 84 91 90 88 94 88 87 94 88 90 92 89 86 92 90 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 123 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 12 10 4 12 13 18 8 12 16 13 6 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 7 4 1 3 1 15 6 6 8 12 3 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 10 9 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 9 6 4 11 6 14 10 18 12 11 3 3 7 8 17 10 10 13 11 6 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 9 4 2 13 4 19 9 9 9 13 5 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 9 6 2 9 6 16 7 13 7 13 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 124 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 12 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 7 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 10 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 9 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 9 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 9 Gender Male Female 11 12 8 6 11 10 12 8 10 8 10 8 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 15 16 9 10 8 13 9 5 5 1 17 12 8 8 7 14 16 7 7 5 15 12 7 7 5 18 11 6 6 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 125 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 12 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 7 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 10 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 9 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 9 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 9 Education Low Medium High 12 10 12 7 5 7 10 8 12 9 9 11 9 8 10 9 7 10 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 16 9 10 10 5 7 14 8 10 10 8 11 13 6 12 12 6 12 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 126 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 51 50 47 47 39 37 41 Fully agree Somewhat agree 42 61 43 61 45 62 44 72 50 92 52 92 47 10 2 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree

social-ecological transformation 127 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 93 94 96 97 93 86 93 96 94 92 99 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 93 95 97 96 97 84 94 92 92 94 97 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 91 95 95 96 86 92 94 92 91 96 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 91 95 97 91 93 83 92 88 90 89 98 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 89 93 95 94 90 82 90 88 87 91 87 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 89 93 94 88 95 85 88 94 81 89 92 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 88 85 91 87 94 84 91 88 88 90 90 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 128 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 93 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 93 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 91 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 89 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 89 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 88 Gender Male Female 92 95 90 96 90 95 90 93 88 91 86 92 87 90 18-29 91 87 88 87 83 84 86 30-39 89 91 89 89 83 84 84 Age(years) 40-49 94 95 94 92 93 93 88 50-59 95 95 95 94 92 90 90 60-69 100 97 96 94 96 94 95 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 129 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 93 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 93 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 91 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 89 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 89 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 88 Education Low Medium High 94 96 92 92 95 94 93 96 90 92 91 91 87 91 91 88 90 90 90 89 87 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 91 95 90 92 96 88 94 93 89 89 93 92 86 91 91 86 92 87 88 91 82 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 130 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 51 47 68 56 54 24 49 52 52 59 58 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 50 49 66 60 60 22 46 47 41 60 68 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay etc. 47 41 56 48 52 23 47 51 53 54 53 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 47 49 56 53 55 24 45 40 45 54 60 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 41 30 48 45 44 16 44 42 46 48 51 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 39 41 55 41 45 16 37 37 37 42 52 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 37 33 43 44 46 20 26 36 35 49 49 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 131 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree" Total ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 51 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 50 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay etc. 47 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 47 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 41 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 39 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 37 Gender Male Female 49 53 48 52 45 49 48 47 40 42 41 37 37 37 18-29 43 51 43 43 45 30 38 30-39 48 48 47 47 37 37 33 Age(years) 40-49 51 50 46 46 38 37 37 50-59 53 51 52 49 44 44 38 60-69 60 51 48 51 42 49 40 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 132 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., Response category:"Fully agree" Total ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 51 ... the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 50 ... affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay etc. 47 ... financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps. 47 ... affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 41 ... new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 39 ... citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 37 Education Low Medium High 53 52 49 51 52 48 50 48 45 49 48 45 43 42 38 39 38 40 38 36 37 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 52 52 52 49 51 48 48 46 48 42 50 47 43 42 35 36 40 44 40 37 32 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 133 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping the energy supply of your community? 5 19 27 49 68 Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Could you imagine generating your own energy? 14 4 6 45 31 82 I already generate my own energy Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all How would you evaluate the construction of a solar park or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar park 5 Wind park 13 33 49 62 38 I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it

social-ecological transformation 134 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 68 82 82 77 78 68 52 63 42 75 79 19 16 27 30 23 14 7 18 10 30 19 49 65 55 47 55 55 46 45 32 45 60 32 18 18 23 23 32 48 37 58 26 21 27 14 17 22 21 26 39 30 50 20 20 5 5 1 1 1 6 9 7 8 6 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 135 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 68 19 49 32 27 5 Gender Male Female 72 64 20 17 51 47 28 36 23 32 5 5 18-29 75 24 52 25 21 4 30-39 70 19 51 30 26 4 Age(years) 40-49 70 22 48 30 26 4 50-59 63 16 47 37 31 6 60-69 61 12 49 39 33 7 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 136 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 68 19 49 32 27 5 Education Low Medium High 62 69 73 18 19 19 44 50 54 38 31 27 33 26 23 5 6 5 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 65 70 69 20 19 15 45 50 54 36 30 31 31 26 25 5 4 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 137 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 76 80 87 79 82 73 68 73 65 78 91 45 52 62 53 50 28 37 32 36 54 61 31 28 25 26 32 44 31 41 29 24 30 18 11 8 10 9 24 28 21 30 15 5 14 10 7 6 7 19 21 13 26 11 4 4 1 1 3 1 5 7 8 4 4 1 6 9 5 11 9 3 4 6 5 7 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 138 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 76 45 31 18 14 4 6 Gender Male Female 77 75 48 43 29 32 15 20 11 16 4 4 8 5 18-29 81 52 29 10 8 2 10 30-39 81 52 30 15 10 4 4 Age(years) 40-49 74 47 27 17 13 5 9 50-59 77 38 39 21 16 5 3 60-69 68 39 30 26 21 5 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 139 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 76 45 31 18 14 4 6 Education Low Medium High 75 79 76 40 49 48 35 31 28 18 18 17 14 11 15 4 6 2 7 3 7 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 73 78 79 43 46 51 30 33 27 21 16 12 16 13 9 5 4 3 6 5 9 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 140 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 62 62 77 73 67 46 62 51 57 65 68 33 33 20 26 31 48 33 37 36 28 31 5 4 2 2 2 6 6 12 7 7 1 49 51 59 58 51 37 46 39 51 53 45 38 41 34 33 33 48 38 39 35 32 43 13 8 8 10 16 15 15 21 14 15 12 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 141 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 62 33 5 49 38 13 Gender Male Female 65 59 30 35 5 6 49 49 38 37 13 14 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 66 62 69 54 60 33 34 26 39 33 2 5 5 7 7 47 48 54 45 50 41 39 35 38 35 13 13 11 17 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 142 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 62 33 5 49 38 13 Education Low Medium High 58 62 67 37 34 28 6 4 6 49 47 50 39 41 34 12 12 16 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 55 66 62 39 31 32 7 4 7 46 51 45 40 37 41 15 12 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 143 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement 73 Through bans 10 Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal 5 None of the above options, there are alternatives 12 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%.

social-ecological transformation 144 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 73 74 81 76 80 65 82 68 67 61 81 10 5 8 10 8 13 6 10 7 17 11 5 8 4 4 5 4 2 5 5 11 4 12 12 7 10 7 19 11 17 21 11 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 145 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 73 10 5 12 Gender Male Female 68 77 11 8 8 3 13 12 18-29 65 19 11 5 30-39 64 13 6 17 Age(years) 40-49 76 9 4 12 50-59 76 6 4 14 60-69 80 3 3 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 146 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 73 10 5 12 Education Low Medium High 70 75 74 11 10 8 5 6 5 14 9 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 65 78 72 12 9 8 7 4 6 16 9 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 147 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? Yes Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes No Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important 31 70 39 16 30 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%.

social-ecological transformation 148 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 70 78 74 76 79 60 64 59 53 80 81 31 34 39 42 35 16 23 23 25 40 37 39 44 35 34 44 45 41 36 28 39 44 30 22 26 24 21 40 36 41 47 20 19 16 8 15 13 12 21 18 24 29 10 10 14 14 11 11 9 19 18 17 18 11 9 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 149 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 70 31 39 30 16 14 Gender Male Female 70 68 34 28 36 41 30 32 14 19 16 13 18-29 76 31 44 24 14 11 30-39 67 31 36 33 20 13 Age(years) 40-49 69 32 37 31 16 15 50-59 66 30 37 34 17 17 60-69 69 29 40 31 16 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 150 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 70 31 39 30 16 14 Education Low Medium High 65 75 70 28 34 31 37 41 39 35 25 30 19 14 16 16 11 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 68 71 72 32 30 32 35 41 40 33 29 28 17 16 15 15 13 13 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 5 Interest in information and level of knowledge

social-ecological transformation 152 Main findings Interest in information and level of knowledge Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate • Four-fifths of the respondents(80%) express a fundamental interest in the topic of climate change. Of these, 29% are "very" interested. Less interest was expressed by 16% and no interest at all by 4%. • 52% rate their level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(e.g. forest dieback, biodiversity, etc.) as(rather) high. However, only 6% rate their level of knowledge as"very high" A(rather) low level of knowledge is attested by 48%, with 3% saying they know very little about it. Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies • Only 6% of respondents feel"very well" informed about policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally friendly economy. 40% feel"rather well" informed. This compares to 50% who feel"rather not well" informed and 4% who feel"not at all well" informed. • Three quarters of the respondents(75%) think that policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally friendly economy are not sufficiently explained and explained. Only 25% disagree(Policies are sufficiently explained: yes: 4%, rather yes: 21%).

social-ecological transformation 153 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? Interest I am very interested in it I am rather interested 29 80 51 How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? High Very high Rather high 6 46 52 No interest I am less interested I am not interested in it at all 16 20 Low 4 Rather low Very low 45 48 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%.

social-ecological transformation 154 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 80 87 96 88 84 74 68 80 63 85 89 29 35 41 38 28 11 14 28 18 50 36 51 52 55 49 56 64 54 52 45 36 53 20 13 4 12 16 26 32 20 37 15 11 16 9 4 12 15 24 27 12 29 10 11 4 4- 1 2 2 5 8 8 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 155 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 80 29 51 20 16 4 Gender Male Female 81 80 32 26 49 53 20 21 15 17 4 3 18-29 82 32 51 18 15 3 30-39 80 33 47 20 16 5 Age(years) 40-49 78 30 48 22 16 5 50-59 76 24 52 24 21 3 60-69 85 26 59 15 11 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 156 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 80 29 51 20 16 4 Education Low Medium High 78 81 81 24 31 33 54 50 49 22 19 19 18 17 14 4 2 5 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 78 82 80 30 29 31 48 53 49 22 19 20 17 15 15 4 3 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 157 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 52 58 64 60 69 39 43 43 29 72 52 6 8 3 10 8 3 3 7 2 15 7 46 50 62 50 61 36 40 36 28 57 46 48 43 36 40 31 61 57 57 71 28 48 45 41 36 37 31 57 53 51 65 27 46 3 1- 4- 4 3 6 6 1 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 158 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 52 6 46 48 45 3 Gender Male Female 59 44 9 4 50 40 41 56 39 52 2 4 18-29 59 9 49 42 41 1 30-39 55 10 45 45 41 4 Age(years) 40-49 57 7 50 43 40 3 50-59 43 3 39 57 54 4 60-69 45 2 43 55 53 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 159 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 52 6 46 48 45 3 Education Low Medium High 41 50 63 5 5 9 37 46 54 59 50 37 55 48 35 4 2 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 48 51 60 8 6 6 40 46 54 52 49 40 48 47 37 4 2 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 160 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? Well Very well informed Somewhat informed Not well Not very well informed Not informed at all Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 6 Yes 40 46 Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes No Rather no 50 54 No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified 4 4 21 25 60 75 15

social-ecological transformation 161 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 46 53 46 58 59 43 35 45 20 65 44 6 6 3 10 7- 3 8 2 12 4 40 47 44 48 52 43 32 37 17 54 40 54 47 54 42 41 57 65 55 80 35 56 50 44 51 40 40 56 60 48 69 32 53 4 3 2 3 1 1 5 7 12 2 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 162 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 46 6 40 54 50 4 Gender Male Female 54 37 8 3 46 34 46 63 43 57 3 6 18-29 56 6 50 44 43 1 30-39 48 8 40 52 46 6 Age(years) 40-49 48 7 41 52 47 5 50-59 35 4 31 65 60 5 60-69 43 2 41 57 55 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 163 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 46 6 40 54 50 4 Education Low Medium High 36 45 56 4 4 7 32 41 48 64 55 44 58 52 41 6 3 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 46 44 51 7 5 7 39 40 44 54 56 49 47 52 47 7 3 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 164 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 25 25 18 31 35 34 15 18 14 42 20 4 2 3 8 3 3- 4 2 7 5 21 22 16 24 32 31 15 13 11 35 15 75 75 82 69 65 66 85 82 86 58 80 60 63 70 60 55 57 68 64 63 40 65 15 12 12 9 11 9 17 18 24 18 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 165 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total 25 4 21 75 60 15 Gender Male Female 27 22 4 4 24 19 73 78 58 62 14 16 18-29 42 7 35 58 50 9 30-39 29 5 24 71 58 13 Age(years) 40-49 21 3 18 79 63 16 50-59 17 1 16 83 67 16 60-69 18 3 15 82 63 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 166 Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total 25 4 21 75 60 15 Education Low Medium High 26 25 24 4 3 4 22 22 21 75 75 76 60 59 62 15 16 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 32 22 22 6 3 2 26 19 20 68 78 78 53 64 61 15 14 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 6 Appendix: Communication

social-ecological transformation 168 Topic interest in general Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Health Holiday, Travel Nutrition Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink Current affairs Wildlife, animals and pets science and technology Sport Business, professions Photography, filming Family, children and child rearing Sustainable consumption Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 44 43 42 42 42 40 38 35 61 61 60 57 54 53 Fashion Garden and plants Consumer electronics, television Cosmetics and Beauty Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Information from the region, regional news Furniture, decoration Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Stars, Celebrities Wellness 31 29 28 28 28 28 26 25 25 23 18 11 8

social-ecological transformation 169 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Health Holiday, Travel Nutrition Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Current affairs(e.g. politics, society, environment) Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Business, professions Science and technology Photography, filming Family, children and child rearing Sustainable consumption(e.g. zero waste, fair trade) Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 61 64 62 65 51 61 69 71 65 76 60 66 65 66 48 57 64 70 71 69 54 53 68 57 61 53 54 59 62 67 44 51 60 44 57 43 41 56 48 44 42 57 42 51 50 42 50 36 49 52 42 49 51 58 51 41 46 46 40 47 38 46 29 39 29 35 51 50 46 41 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 52 63 65 58 62 58 55 60 65 40 49 58 43 60 40 47 48 49 34 48 35 26 41 44 38 43 43 36 45 39 34 49 22 32 40 33 34 35 54 26 23 29 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 61 64 61 46 54 59 61 58 56 42 56 68 43 52 70 45 49 61 29 39 50 44 42 53 29 45 29 34 46 36 27 45 36 43 40 45 45 37 31 21 37 41 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 170 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Fashion(e.g. clothes, shoes, jewellery) Garden and plants Consumer electronics, television Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Cosmetics and beauty(e.g. body care, make-up, hair styling) Information from the region, regional news Furniture, decoration Technology and gaming(e.g. e-sports, car, software) Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 31 34 23 34 40 29 34 25 30 30 37 29 31 30 37 23 23 23 37 26 34 28 29 27 25 31 35 24 31 22 33 30 26 28 34 34 32 35 21 29 29 21 26 29 28 30 31 42 36 26 29 18 22 25 31 28 34 27 21 43 22 25 21 29 28 37 26 32 31 27 31 24 27 21 20 27 28 25 26 29 27 27 21 23 20 28 27 31 25 29 31 31 36 18 25 17 16 25 32 23 26 12 27 22 19 21 20 22 31 25 18 30 16 25 24 14 19 14 6 22 11 11 9 8 7 22 12 9 5 10 10 25 8 14 7 9 7 6 12 3 3 10 13 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 171 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Health Holiday, Travel Nutrition Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Current affairs(e.g. politics, society, environment) Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Business, professions science and technology Photography, filming Family, children and child rearing Sustainable consumption(e.g. zero waste, fair trade) Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 61 61 60 57 54 53 44 43 42 42 42 41 38 35 Gender Male Female 53 69 56 65 51 69 53 61 54 54 49 57 47 40 41 45 57 28 47 37 52 32 41 40 33 43 32 38 18-29 52 53 48 48 57 56 40 42 44 39 41 42 24 32 30-39 54 57 56 50 54 54 41 42 43 45 42 36 36 28 Age(years) 40-49 64 63 58 59 56 50 40 43 45 41 41 43 42 34 50-59 62 61 68 60 51 54 43 45 40 43 40 41 43 39 60-69 74 69 71 67 51 50 55 43 39 42 47 40 45 44 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 172 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Fashion(e.g. clothes, shoes, jewellery) Garden and plants Consumer electronics, television Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Cosmetics and beauty(e.g. body care, make-up, hair styling) Information from the region, regional news Furniture, decoration Technology and gaming(e.g. e-sports, car, software) Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 31 29 29 28 28 28 26 25 25 23 18 11 8 Gender Male Female 19 43 26 33 38 19 19 38 38 20 11 45 28 24 15 36 34 16 33 12 23 13 6 16 7 10 18-29 38 25 26 35 34 30 14 19 38 25 18 17 8 30-39 35 29 35 30 37 32 19 27 34 23 21 11 11 Age(years) 40-49 33 25 29 28 30 27 26 25 27 27 21 10 11 50-59 26 35 29 24 24 23 32 28 18 22 16 10 7 60-69 23 32 24 26 16 29 40 26 9 14 14 7 3 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 173 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Health Holiday, Travel Nutrition Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Current affairs(e.g. Politicians, Society, Environment) Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Business, professions science and technology Photography, filming Family, children and child rearing Sustainable consumption(e.g. zero waste, fair trade) Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 61 61 60 57 54 53 44 43 42 42 42 41 38 35 Education Low Medium High 60 62 62 50 64 69 64 60 56 55 59 58 44 58 61 52 55 52 34 46 52 43 47 40 35 43 49 39 42 45 36 38 50 37 43 42 45 39 32 33 36 37 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 60 61 59 44 65 77 61 60 56 53 59 59 48 55 54 52 52 53 39 45 47 47 43 34 37 45 47 44 41 47 37 43 50 39 43 33 39 39 32 34 36 37 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 174 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Fashion(e.g. clothes, shoes, jewellery) Garden and plants Consumer electronics, television Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Cosmetics and beauty(e.g. body care, make-up, hair styling) Information from the region, regional news Furniture, decoration Technology and gaming(e.g. e-sports, car, software) Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 31 29 29 28 28 28 26 25 25 23 18 11 8 Education Low Medium High 28 35 32 32 30 26 29 29 28 26 30 29 27 28 30 27 31 26 24 26 28 25 26 25 20 27 29 20 22 26 9 17 28 10 12 11 3 8 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 29 33 30 28 29 28 28 30 30 31 28 22 31 28 26 23 30 25 22 27 30 23 26 27 24 25 30 20 24 26 12 16 42 12 11 11 6 8 13 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 175 Consumer interests For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel Eating out(restaurants) PC/Tablet/Smartphone Clothing/Fashion Cars Cosmetics/Perfume Delicatessen- high quality food Furniture Coffee/tea Beer Kitchen furniture and equipment Wine/Champagne Donations for charitable purposes Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 40 31 23 19 16 13 13 12 12 12 11 10 10 Bicycle Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery High quality spirits/whisky High-end hi-fi equipment Handbags (Wrist) Watches Antiques Exclusive accessories Costume jewellery Porcelain/Glasswork None of these products 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 29

social-ecological transformation 176 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel Eating out(restaurants) PC/Tablet/Smartphone Clothing/Fashion Cars Delicatessen- high quality food Cosmetics/Perfume Furniture Coffee/tea Beer Kitchen furniture and equipment Wine/Champagne Donations for charitable purposes Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 40 56 46 45 46 31 27 33 43 42 23 31 24 35 36 19 27 16 27 27 16 19 12 23 11 13 18 19 17 16 13 21 8 16 20 12 15 10 14 13 12 12 20 13 10 12 13 8 17 17 11 16 14 18 11 10 8 10 12 10 10 16 19 17 5 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 34 38 36 24 29 24 22 15 17 17 13 15 12 15 15 13 11 7 13 11 8 6 11 10 8 10 11 12 12 7 11 11 8 9 12 8 6 3 13 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 24 38 49 23 29 39 12 23 31 16 18 20 12 23 18 8 16 13 10 10 18 14 14 14 10 14 15 8 14 13 5 8 14 7 14 13 4 9 14 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 177 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Bicycle Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery High quality spirits/whisky Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment (Wrist) Watches Antiques Exclusive accessories(e.g. belts, leather bags etc.) Costume jewellery Porcelain/ Glasswork None of these products Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 8 6 12 13 10 9 3 7 3 12 5 7 5 5 10 7 6 4 6 9 10 5 7 9 4 7 8 6 6 4 7 5 11 7 7 4 10 7 6 6 5 2 10 9 6 9 5 8 7 8 4 3 7 5 7 6 5 3 11 9 7 6 5 3 7 6 6 5 5 11 8 4 4 3 5 9 7 5 8 5 5 7 4 4 5 5 7 5 5 8 6 3 9 3 3 4 2 7 5 3 3 3 5 7 6 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 5 29 23 22 23 13 29 36 38 41 28 19 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 178 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel Eating out(restaurants) PC/Tablet/Smartphone Clothing/Fashion Cars Delicatessen- high quality food Cosmetics/Perfume Furniture Coffee/tea Beer Kitchen furniture and equipment Wine/Champagne Donations for charitable purposes Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 40 31 23 19 16 13 13 12 12 12 11 10 10 Gender Male Female 40 40 32 30 25 21 17 21 20 12 14 13 8 17 11 14 12 13 16 8 9 13 12 8 9 11 18-29 48 46 37 27 26 15 18 14 10 11 14 9 17 30-39 36 30 28 24 15 13 17 16 13 17 17 10 11 Age(years) 40-49 44 28 22 19 17 15 11 12 15 14 10 11 6 50-59 36 25 16 13 14 12 9 10 12 11 9 11 9 60-69 36 26 14 13 9 12 10 9 10 7 7 10 10 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 179 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Bicycle Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery High quality spirits/whisky Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment (Wrist)Watches Antiques Exclusive accessories(e.g. belts, leather bags etc.) Costume jewellery Porcelain/ Glasswork None of these products Total 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 29 Gender Male Female 11 5 9 4 6 8 9 4 3 9 7 5 8 4 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 27 31 18-29 9 8 9 8 10 8 10 7 6 6 5 8 30-39 9 8 5 9 7 7 6 7 7 4 3 27 Age(years) 40-49 9 6 8 5 5 6 4 5 4 2 2 25 50-59 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 4 4 2 1 41 60-69 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 42 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 180 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel Eating out(restaurants) PC/Tablet/Smartphone Clothing/Fashion Cars Delicatessen- high quality food Cosmetics/Perfume Furniture Coffee/tea Beer Kitchen furniture and equipment Wine/Champagne Donations for charitable purposes Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 40 31 23 19 16 13 13 12 12 12 11 10 10 Education Low Medium High 29 43 48 23 31 38 18 26 26 15 19 23 13 15 20 8 13 19 10 13 16 11 12 13 9 12 15 9 11 16 10 11 13 6 11 14 9 12 10 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 28 44 54 21 32 41 22 25 25 17 18 29 15 15 26 10 15 18 7 15 18 13 12 12 11 11 19 12 12 16 12 10 15 8 9 20 14 10 8 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 181 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Bicycle Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery High quality spirits/whisky Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment (Wrist)Watches Antiques Exclusive accessories(e.g. belts, leather bags etc.) Costume jewellery Porcelain/Glasswork None of these products Total 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 29 Education Low Medium High 5 8 11 8 6 6 6 5 8 6 8 7 6 5 7 5 5 8 3 6 9 5 5 6 3 5 6 3 4 3 3 2 3 37 26 22 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 9 7 10 10 5 7 6 7 9 6 7 7 4 7 9 5 6 8 5 6 10 6 5 6 5 4 6 3 3 3 3 2 1 32 28 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 182 Media usage Now we would like to know your habits and ways of using media. How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online? Internet(no social media) Communication/messenger services (e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Radio Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper 88 7 3110 84 8 3 212 63 17 6 3 4 7 49 21 10 4 10 6 38 29 13 4 7 9 35 21 14 5 13 12 31 25 11 4 12 17 24 20 13 7 19 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Books/Audiobooks 16 25 15 10 14 20 17 20 16 12 18 17 Computer games/video games 18 18 15 7 16 26 Newsletters from suppliers of 5 12 19 12 28 24 products and services Online media libraries of TV channels 8 13 13 11 25 30 Journals, magazines 3 11 18 14 31 23 Cinema 28 17 32 31 10 Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs 1 5 10 8 32 44 Daily Several times a week Several times a month About once a month Rare Never

social-ecological transformation 183 Media usage How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category::“At least several times a month“ Internet(no social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) "Normal" television programme Radio Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Online media libraries of TV channels Journals, magazines Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Total EST INT PER COS 98 98 99 98 97 95 97 98 97 95 86 95 81 93 85 80 83 84 82 93 80 84 77 75 75 70 77 71 69 70 67 74 64 75 82 57 66 64 56 76 56 60 52 71 74 53 56 65 59 57 51 50 53 54 65 36 44 32 44 47 34 37 34 41 45 32 38 31 35 49 27 30 22 33 30 16 22 15 14 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 98 97 98 93 93 98 86 81 74 79 77 70 77 81 81 73 71 59 68 59 56 53 62 46 53 48 45 49 55 45 55 47 41 35 31 23 36 26 29 37 25 29 28 21 23 18 9 13 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 96 95 100 94 96 97 81 87 95 70 84 88 83 81 79 65 77 69 43 77 76 38 59 49 33 72 62 36 62 47 40 57 59 29 45 34 18 45 35 20 41 29 18 37 31 8 27 14 strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 184 Media usage How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:„At least several times a month“ Internet(no social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) "Normal" television programme Radio Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Online media libraries of TV channels Journals, magazines Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 98 95 86 80 80 70 67 57 56 53 51 36 34 32 27 16 Gender Male Female 97 98 95 96 81 90 80 80 81 78 76 64 67 65 62 51 57 54 51 55 59 43 39 33 38 29 36 29 32 22 21 10 18-29 96 95 91 88 67 55 88 42 69 50 68 31 36 30 39 20 30-39 98 95 87 88 73 63 77 51 63 55 62 39 39 31 29 18 Age(years) 40-49 98 96 89 87 82 78 67 58 56 57 53 45 35 35 26 18 50-59 99 97 82 71 86 77 56 58 48 47 44 33 32 30 21 11 60-69 97 94 76 63 88 74 43 71 44 55 29 29 26 35 22 13 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 185 Media usage How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:“At least several times a month“ Internet(no social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) "Normal" television programme Radio Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Newsletters from providers of products and services Online media libraries of TV channels Journals, magazines Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 98 95 86 80 80 70 67 57 56 53 51 36 34 32 27 16 Education Low Medium High 96 97 99 95 95 96 84 87 86 70 83 87 81 78 79 66 68 77 55 69 75 43 57 69 49 58 61 36 52 70 47 52 54 31 34 42 26 34 41 24 29 43 22 27 32 15 12 20 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 96 98 100 92 97 99 86 86 81 68 84 88 77 83 81 64 72 81 58 69 71 44 58 71 55 56 60 42 55 66 56 50 50 34 37 41 28 36 35 26 32 47 27 25 38 18 16 15 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 186 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? 62 54 56 27 32 12 13 31 26 18 26 21 29 27 3 8 7 20 26 47 47 59 60 89 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Frequently Occasionally Never

social-ecological transformation 187 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ YouTube Instagram Facebook TikTok Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 62 69 59 81 77 58 56 53 52 67 63 56 60 55 67 69 59 46 35 44 69 66 54 57 44 59 48 60 51 51 52 58 60 32 27 25 41 38 40 22 22 26 38 45 27 31 35 34 42 27 24 14 15 30 33 13 21 14 10 16 10 9 8 7 21 15 12 15 15 17 10 12 8 7 8 16 17 3 3 1 4 6 3 3 2- 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 188 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ YouTube Instagram Facebook TikTok Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Total 62 56 54 32 27 13 12 3 Gender Male Female 65 60 48 64 48 60 27 36 32 22 14 11 6 18 3 2 18-29 79 83 32 62 42 18 15 4 30-39 70 66 52 35 30 15 13 4 Age(years) 40-49 65 56 63 29 31 14 12 3 50-59 47 41 55 20 16 8 11 2 60-69 53 35 66 15 18 9 12 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 189 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ YouTube Instagram Facebook TikTok Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Total 62 56 54 32 27 13 12 3 Education Low Medium High 61 64 64 46 60 64 59 55 48 31 36 29 15 28 39 7 10 21 10 15 12 3 2 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 64 63 58 52 56 57 54 56 49 37 30 24 23 27 36 10 12 21 11 11 10 4 3 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 190 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally“ YouTube Facebook Instagram Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 93 92 92 97 97 95 93 87 92 96 95 80 80 68 83 82 84 76 75 80 82 87 74 79 73 78 86 80 64 61 62 86 84 53 63 53 63 69 56 47 45 34 56 58 53 51 46 58 66 58 38 49 47 60 63 41 51 50 52 47 41 34 25 29 52 38 40 54 47 42 60 48 35 25 19 44 40 11 7 10 13 22 16 7 3 4 17 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 191 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally“ YouTube Facebook Instagram Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 93 80 74 53 53 41 40 11 Gender Male Female 94 93 75 84 69 80 58 47 48 57 30 52 43 37 11 10 18-29 99 67 96 74 76 60 52 23 30-39 95 84 84 60 58 40 44 13 Age(years) 40-49 93 85 78 52 53 40 41 10 50-59 91 80 62 42 44 35 33 5 60-69 88 81 52 38 31 33 31 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 192 Media usage How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally“ YouTube Facebook Instagram Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 93 80 74 53 53 41 40 11 Education Low Medium High 94 92 94 83 78 77 69 76 79 43 54 63 57 54 47 34 47 44 22 37 60 8 11 13 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 96 93 90 81 79 74 77 74 69 50 54 58 59 52 40 42 40 39 34 39 57 13 10 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 193 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. Media helps me to form my own opinion on important Topics. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 59 36 41 45 48 61 47 45 62 32 58 82 45 44 92 33 49 15 3 22 52 21 5 21 41 27 11 Applies completely Somewhat applies Mostly doesn’t apply Doesn’t apply at all

social-ecological transformation 194 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 95 96 98 98 98 89 95 94 95 91 95 93 93 96 97 97 86 95 93 85 91 96 92 94 91 100 97 82 92 90 92 94 95 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 90 93 91 88 95 84 95 87 88 90 91 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 89 93 85 88 91 86 87 91 88 92 96 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 82 88 70 76 85 78 85 78 86 89 83 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 74 82 73 81 78 78 73 68 61 80 77 62 68 54 70 67 69 52 52 45 72 73 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 195 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 95 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 93 I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. 92 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 90 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 89 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 82 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. 74 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 62 Gender Male Female 94 95 95 90 93 92 90 91 89 90 81 83 75 74 62 61 18-29 90 91 90 89 88 77 72 75 30-39 92 89 90 89 88 76 72 61 Age(years) 40-49 96 94 95 91 89 84 73 64 50-59 97 92 93 88 91 85 76 56 60-69 97 95 95 93 90 87 80 52 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 196 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. Total 95 93 92 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 90 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 89 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 82 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. 74 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 62 Education Low Medium High 94 92 96 90 92 95 91 92 94 91 90 89 89 91 89 85 82 80 73 76 76 58 64 64 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 94 95 95 89 95 92 91 93 94 89 91 90 89 90 87 79 84 79 76 75 74 66 62 57 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 197 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 59 68 73 70 72 34 58 46 46 64 65 I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. 47 48 57 55 44 25 50 41 42 56 55 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 45 51 49 47 39 29 42 47 45 53 52 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 45 49 57 56 43 24 44 39 34 53 58 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 33 40 23 31 30 18 35 31 39 43 37 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 32 39 31 41 32 17 28 28 29 44 38 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 22 25 19 31 29 10 18 19 15 35 23 21 20 21 40 15 12 15 16 13 32 30 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 198 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 59 I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. 47 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 45 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 45 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 33 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 32 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. 22 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 21 Gender Male Female 63 54 50 44 45 46 48 42 34 32 34 31 22 22 21 21 18-29 58 53 41 46 30 33 21 30 30-39 61 46 47 43 34 35 23 24 Age(years) 40-49 61 47 43 47 34 30 21 20 50-59 55 48 52 43 34 31 21 18 60-69 58 42 43 47 32 33 24 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation 199 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Total 59 I find it important to learn about a Topic from different sources of information. 47 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 45 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 45 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 33 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important Topics. 32 Media help me to form my own opinion on important Topics. 22 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 21 Education Low Medium High 48 60 67 41 49 52 45 44 47 37 45 53 36 30 33 30 34 33 21 23 22 21 18 23 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<795€) Medium 60-140% (795-1.855€) High>140% (>1.855€) 53 60 65 47 46 52 46 45 46 46 44 50 32 35 29 36 31 29 27 20 23 20 22 16 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented

social-ecological transformation Imprint

social-ecological transformation 201 Contact persons Dr Christoph Schleer Associate Director Research& Consulting christoph.schleer@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-27 Naima Wisniewski Research& Consulting naima.wisniewski@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-54 © Copyright 2023 SINUS Market and Social Research GmbH This work is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced or processed, duplicated or distributed using electronic systems in any form(photocopy, microfilm or any other process), not even for the purpose of teaching, without the written consent of Sinus Markt- und Sozialforschung GmbH. Quotations and reprints, including excerpts, are only permitted with express permission and reference to the source. Part of the INTEGRAL-SINUS-OPINION Group