social-ecological transformation SINUS Study for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Social-ecological transformation Country report Portugal Heidelberg, September 2023 Teil der INTEGRAL-SINUS-OPINION Gruppe social-ecological transformation 2 Task and objective Empirical survey to identify blocking and supporter groups of the social-ecological transformation • The world is undergoing far reaching changes. Due to the well-known developments(climate change, natural disasters, energy shortages, etc.), there is a growing general awareness of the need for a fundamental rethink in politics, the economy and society. Climate research and many environmental movements have long emphasised the urgent need for more climate protection. The tense security situation is increasing the systemic pressure with regard to the necessary resilience of supply technology(energy, etc.). • With the proclamation of the social-ecological transformation on the part of politicians, the pressure for change is moving closer to the people. Numerous studies show that the path to climate-neutral societies is associated with enormous technological, economic and social challenges: the accelerated expansion of renewable energy, increased efforts to change heating and transport systems, structural change in the economy and its effects on the working and living environment-all of this will increasingly affect citizens. • Against this background, the SINUS Institute conducted a large-scale population survey in Europe and North America on behalf of the Competence Centre Climate& Social Justice of the Friedich-Ebert-Stiftung: In a total of 19 countries, the survey investigated what perceptions, interests and fears people associate with the social-ecological transformation. The aim of the survey was not only to capture a panorama of climate policy attitudes. Rather, it was also intended to investigate which social milieus are receptive to climate policy measures. For this purpose, the target group model of the Sinus-Meta-Milieus was integrated into the survey design. • The study results are intended to stimulate public discussions and provide an in-depth analysis of the conditions under which the climateneutral transformation of national economies can succeed and be supported by broad public acceptance. Based on these analyses, it is important to develop country- and milieu-specific communication strategies that address the different interests and fears of the population and address them appropriately through suitable forms of communication. social-ecological transformation 3 Table of contents 01 02 03 Method and sample 04 Problem awareness  Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection  Relevance of environmental policy fields of action  Relevance of the topic of climate change  Attitudes to climate change  Consequences of climate change-Anxiety scale Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour  Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour 05 06 Changing lifestyles and economies  Assessing the need for change  Attribution of responsibility  Attitudes towards policy measures  Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Information interest and level of knowledge  Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate  Information interest and level of knowledge: Policy measures Appendix: Communication  Topic interest in general  Consumer interests  Media use  Communication expectations social-ecological transformation 1 Method and sample social-ecological transformation Methodology and sample The study programme at a glance Method Standardised online survey (CAWI) Quota sample(gender, age, education and region) The interviews were conducted in the national language. Data collection Ø Interview duration: 28 minutes The data collection was carried out by Sociotrend GmbH. Target group Resident population aged from 18 to 69 years Sample size 1,200 people Survey period 23.06.-05.07.2023 5 Survey contents • Awareness of environmental, nature and climate protection topics • Climate and environmentally aware behaviour: Attitudes, barriers and motivators • Attitudes towards change in lifestyles and economies: Necessity of change, attribution of responsibility and political measures • Information interest and level of knowledge: climate change, ecological interrelationships and political measures social-ecological transformation 6 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • This report presents the survey results for Portugal. The key findings are presented in graphs and charts. For better readability and comprehensibility, the percentages have been rounded to whole numbers. • The data set was examined for differences in the response behaviour of different population groups and presented in tabular form. The sociodemographic characteristics gender, age, education and net equivalent income were taken into account. • Gender: female, male (The answer category„non-binary" was taken into account in the survey, but not evaluated due to too small a number of cases). • Age groups: 18- to 29-year-olds, 30- to 39-year-olds, 40- to 49-year-olds, 50- to 59-year-olds, 60- to 69-year-olds • Educational groups: low: "Nenhuma formação escolar ou profissional concluída(ainda)" or"Ensino Básico 1" or"Ensino Básico 2 concluído; Certificado profissional de nível 1, tipo 1" or"Ensino Básico 3 concluído; Certificado profissional de nível 2, tipo 2-4"; medium: "Certificado de conclusão do ensino secundário e diploma" or"Diploma de Especialização Tecnológica"; high: "Ensino superior politécnico" or"Ensino superior universitário" • Net equivalent income*: low: less than 60% of median income; medium: 60 to 140% of median income; high: more than 140% of the median income * Net equivalent income is a net income weighted according to the number and age of persons living in the household. To calculate the net equivalent income, the household net income is the household net income is divided by the number of persons weighted according to the OECD scale. This results in a means-weighted per capita net income. The calculated equivalised income was divided into three groups(below 60%, 60-140%, above 140% of the median income) using the median values available at Eurostat(2021). social-ecological transformation 7 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • In addition to the differentiation according to socio-demographic characteristics, the data was analysed according to the milieu affiliation of the respondents. By evaluating the findings according to the Sinus-Meta-Milieus, the socio-demographic analysis is supplemented by lifestyle and value components. • The milieu perspective does not replace the study of socio-demographic characteristics but complements and refines them by taking into account basic values that determine lifestyle and life goals as well as everyday attitudes to family, work, leisure and consumption. It supplements and refines it by taking into account fundamental values that determine lifestyle and life goals as well as everyday attitudes, for example, to family, work, leisure and consumption. • Established test procedures of empirical social research were used to examine the statistical significance of survey results. The differences in the response behaviour of the analysed population groups were checked by means of a chi-square test(e.g. age group of 18 to 29 years compared to the average). This is based on a confidence interval of 95% or 99%, which is customary for social science purposes. • The examined characteristics are interpreted as overrepresented or underrepresented in the sample if the probability of this is at least 95%. Characteristics are considered to be strongly overrepresented or strongly underrepresented if a probability of 99% is applied. • The result of the significance test always depends on the group size. The larger the group(e.g. group of people with high educational qualifications), the more likely it is that even weak over- and under-representations will be significant. For this reason, it can happen in individual cases that identical numerical values are presented as differently over- or under-represented. social-ecological transformation 8 Demographic structure of the sample Gender Men Women 48 52 Age ø 44.4 years 18 to 29 years 19 30 to 39 years 18 40 to 49 years 23 50 to 59 years 21 60 to 69 years 19 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Marital status Single In partnership, living separately In partnership, living together Married/ registered partnership Living in separation/ divorced Widowed Persons in the household 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons and more 23 7 16 43 10 1 15 27 29 22 5 2 Educational qualification Low Medium High 41 31 28 Children in the household YES Yes, children aged 0-5 years Yes, children aged 6-13 Yes, children aged 14-17 Yes, children aged 18 and over (adult children) There are no children living in my household 47 11 18 12 18 53 social-ecological transformation 9 Demographic structure of the sample Occupational status In education In employment Manager or working in management Other employee Labourer Self-employed/entrepreneur Net household income 7 Less than 1,000€ 1,000€-2,000€ 69 2,000€-3,000€ 3 3,000€-4,000€ 40 4,000€-5,000€ 12 Above 5.000€ 22 40 20 6 2 2 14 Not specified 8 Unemployed/Jobseeker Pensioner/retired Home-maker(m/f) 10 10 4 Size of place of residence(number of inhabitants) 39 25 8 16 4 8 Below 1.000 1.000 10.000 10.000- 100.000->1.000.000 100.000 1.000.000 I don't know Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Region Norte 36 Algarve 4 Centro 22 Área Metropolitana de Lisboa 27 Alentejo 7 Região Autónoma dos Açores 2 Região Autónoma da Madeira 3 social-ecological transformation 10 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus ® in Portugal 18- 69 year olds Social status Higher Established 9% Intellectuals 10% Performers 7% Cosmopolitan Avantgarde 7% Middle Lower Traditionals 10% Conventional Mainstream 13% Adaptive Navigators 11% Consumer-Materialists 11% Progressive Realists 11% SensationOriented 11% © SINUS Basic Values Traditional Sense of Duty Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. and Order Modernisation Individualisation, Self-actualisation, Pleasure Re-organisation Multiple Options, Experimentation, Paradoxes social-ecological transformation 11 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus ® Short summary Established Status-driven conservative elite: High self-confidence, traditional responsibility and performance ethics, exclusivity and status claims, acceptance of social order Intellectuals Academic elite with post-material beliefs: High affinity for enjoyment, sensuality, art and culture, critical of globalisation, advocate for justice and public welfare, taking responsibility for oneself and others, affinity for education and high quality of life Performers Efficiency- and progress-oriented modern elite: Global economic and liberal thinking, affinity for higher consumption, modern design, adopting, interest in technology and digital, competitive and careeroriented, networker, open to change Ambitious and individualistic avant-garde: Cosmopolitan, urban, Cosmopolitan mobile and flexible, digital nomads, lifestyle vanguards, pronounced Avantgarde self-expression, postmodern lifestyle elite, anti-mainstream, desire to stand out, joie de vivre, ambitious and success-oriented Progressive Realists Drivers of social transformation: Sustainable lifestyle but without renunciation, driving the global social transformation, progressive, optimistic, ease of dealing with contradictions, party and protest, seriousness and entertainment Adaptive Navigators SensationOriented Conventional Mainstream Traditionals ConsumerMaterialists Modern mainstream: Flexible pragmatists, young modern middle class, high willingness to adapt and perform, modern lifestyle, digital affinity, reliable and loyal, open to new – but tested and verified-things Materialistic- and entertainment-focused lower middle-class: Hedonistic, with focus on today, conspicuous consumption, unconcerned, open to risks, anti-bourgeois yet materialistic lifestyle, rejection of political correctness and conventions, looking for fun, action, entertainment, stimulation Harmony-seeking older middle-class: Desire for secure circumstances, fear of losing achievements, search for community, cohesion, social life, neighbourly support, distrust towards elites, feeling of being left out in favour of other groups, down to earth Order-seeking older generation: Petty bourgeois world, traditional working-class culture, desire for social security, harmony, consistency, voluntarily disconnection from modern lifestyle and digital culture, desire for simple, safe, down to earth Lower class striving for validation: Precarious living conditions, undemanding adaptation to necessities, desire for consumption standard of the middle class, defiant cohesion within their own community, fear of speed of change and being left behind social-ecological transformation 2 Problem awareness social-ecological transformation 13 Main findings Problem awareness Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection • With 62% of mentions, public health service or long-term care is by far the most frequently counted among the five most important political topics. Sufficient and affordable housing is mentioned second most often(50%). The topics of"job supply and fair wages"(47%) and"inflation/decreasing purchasing power"(46%) rank third and fourth. The protection of the environment, nature and the environment ranks seventh with 33% mentions. Relevance of environmental policy fields of action • Among the five biggest challenges for the preservation of our livelihoods, respondents most frequently rank climate change or climate-damaging emissions(65%) and water pollution or water quality(61%). These are followed by the fields of action"air pollution/air quality"(51%) and"state of the oceans"(46%). Increasing traffic and noise are seen least often as priority environmental policy fields of action(14%). Relevance of the topic of climate change • A clear majority of the population considers climate change to be a(very) important issue for Portugal: On a scale from 0"completely irrelevant" to 10"absolutely important", 66% of the respondents choose scale points 8 to 10, another 23% scale points 6 to 7. In contrast, it is only 2% of the respondents who choose scale points 0 to 2. The scale mean is 7.9. social-ecological transformation 14 Main findings Problem awareness Attitudes to climate change • 97% of the respondents believe that humanity is endangering their livelihoods by destroying nature(highest level of agreement"fully agree": 76%). At the same time, 93% say they are afraid of the consequences of climate change(highest level of agreement: 54%), while 22% think that many things are very exaggerated when it comes to the consequences of climate change(highest level of agreement: 6%). When asked if there are more important problems in our country than climate change, 66% agree(highest level of agreement: 14%). Furthermore, 47% think that we should rather focus on adapting to the consequences of climate change instead of putting climate protection in the foreground(highest level of agreement: 12%). Consequences of climate change • 73% of respondents rank the lack of water in everyday life among the five consequences of climate change that scare them the most. The increase in extreme weather events is in second place with 71% of respondents. The issue of forest fires/forest dieback is named third most often(60%), followed by the increase in humanitarian crises or the spread of (new) diseases(50%). Significantly fewer respondents are afraid of increased immigration/migration as a result of climate change(9%). social-ecological transformation 15 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Portugal to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Politically relevant topics Public health service and care Sufficient and affordable housing Employment offer and fair wages Inflation, declining purchasing power Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Fair pensions and retirement provision Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 62 50 47 46 42 41 33 31 30 29 20 14 11 5 1 social-ecological transformation 16 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Portugal to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Public health service and care Sufficient and affordable housing Employment offer and fair wages Inflation, declining purchasing power Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Fair pensions and retirement provision Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 62 61 60 56 57 50 49 62 36 58 47 38 42 42 55 46 47 38 50 46 42 39 50 50 47 41 45 48 47 33 33 45 46 23 31 31 24 26 32 26 30 36 36 28 30 29 32 22 37 22 20 17 30 26 19 14 14 8 18 9 11 14 10 14 11 5 6 5 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 58 64 72 45 47 48 54 47 46 46 47 49 35 37 44 34 41 45 32 25 33 33 28 37 28 41 17 35 30 32 14 23 16 16 16 14 10 14 12 5 5 5 0 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 66 57 68 48 54 49 46 41 55 51 43 42 30 43 56 40 32 46 30 28 40 49 31 24 32 28 28 29 32 20 13 24 18 21 13 10 7 10 8 2 8 8 1 0 1 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 17 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Portugal to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Public health service and care Sufficient and affordable housing Employment offer and fair wages Inflation, declining purchasing power Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Fair pensions and retirement provision Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 62 50 47 46 42 41 33 31 30 29 20 14 11 5 1 Gender Male Female 56 68 44 55 48 45 46 46 39 45 38 44 36 31 29 34 34 28 30 28 22 17 13 15 13 9 6 5 2 1 18-29 48 50 63 40 46 39 37 18 22 25 20 13 15 6 2 30-39 59 55 56 48 44 36 25 23 23 36 20 18 13 6 1 Age(years) 40-49 63 51 44 50 46 33 30 28 33 26 20 15 11 3 1 50-59 71 46 43 46 39 45 31 40 35 31 20 14 10 6 1 60-69 71 47 29 45 37 53 44 47 38 28 19 11 6 6 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 18 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for politicians in Portugal to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Public health service and care Sufficient and affordable housing Employment offer and fair wages Inflation, declining purchasing power Education, schools and universities More social justice Environmental, nature and climate protection Fair pensions and retirement provision Rule of law, fight against corruption Criminality, internal security Economic development and competitiveness Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Migration and integration of immigrants Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 62 50 47 46 42 41 33 31 30 29 20 14 11 5 1 Education Low Medium High 58 68 63 50 48 50 51 43 44 41 50 49 37 42 50 42 38 42 31 31 41 36 33 23 22 35 37 32 32 22 14 21 27 16 14 13 9 12 12 6 6 4 1 0 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 58 62 65 49 51 48 46 47 42 44 48 45 41 42 42 45 39 43 33 32 39 34 34 24 24 29 41 26 31 26 17 19 24 19 13 13 8 12 12 6 6 6 0 1 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 19 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Environmental policy fields of action Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Waste in the environment and living environment Condition of the forests Industrial agriculture Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 65 61 51 46 41 40 38 30 27 26 14 social-ecological transformation 20 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Waste in the environment and living environment Condition of the forests Industrial agriculture Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 65 72 80 67 64 61 63 69 52 62 51 52 43 52 46 46 44 61 35 51 41 45 48 41 35 40 39 46 41 48 38 40 42 35 32 30 28 31 29 37 27 30 28 28 28 26 22 20 40 32 14 9 6 16 17 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 60 64 63 63 51 71 57 66 51 69 61 60 47 50 53 54 52 61 39 45 42 48 44 47 46 43 40 40 32 40 32 45 50 36 30 40 30 39 45 55 32 26 25 35 33 23 30 32 26 25 24 24 28 27 23 23 30 23 29 23 14 13 9 12 30 21 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 21 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Waste in the environment and living environment Condition of the forests Industrial agriculture Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 65 61 51 46 41 40 38 30 27 26 14 Gender Male Female 65 65 64 59 53 50 46 46 39 43 40 40 33 42 26 34 27 26 22 28 16 14 18-29 60 55 47 41 43 33 25 25 35 28 16 30-39 63 64 54 37 33 37 34 28 25 31 21 Age(years) 40-49 63 63 52 48 39 42 39 30 31 20 13 50-59 65 64 51 48 49 41 48 35 23 21 10 60-69 75 61 51 55 41 48 41 32 18 30 13 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 22 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Pollution of the water/water quality Air pollution/air quality State of the oceans Waste in the environment and living environment Condition of the forests Industrial agriculture Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Development of green spaces Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 65 61 51 46 41 40 38 30 27 26 14 Education Low Medium High 60 68 71 59 65 60 49 58 46 43 49 47 37 41 47 36 44 43 40 35 37 27 33 33 26 24 30 28 23 25 17 12 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 59 64 74 58 66 51 57 50 47 45 44 51 39 40 42 36 39 47 39 37 36 23 33 30 29 26 30 25 24 26 17 16 10 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 23 Relevance of the topic of climate change There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this issue for Portugal? 4 3 2 56 7 8 1 0 0= completely irrelevant, can be forgotten Ø= 7,9 9 10 10= absolutely important, more important than anything else Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 66 23 236 (0-2)(3-4)(5)(6-7)(8-10) social-ecological transformation 24 Relevance of the topic of climate change There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this issue for Portugal? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 22 22 23 29 29 9 16 33 20 23 24 21 23 32 21 22 14 24 18 14 18 24 23 28 22 12 20 31 22 20 25 19 27 15 12 11 12 15 20 19 14 17 12 13 8 8 5 13 8 14 5 2 8 12 7 6 6 4 4 1 9 9 9 8 6 4 2-- 3 3 1 2- 2 5 1- 1 2 1-- 2 2 3 -- 2----- 2- ---- 1----- 2-- 4- 1 3 2 2 2 2 7,9 8,1 8,3 7,7 8,2 7,4 7,7 8,1 7,5 7,6 8,2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 25 Relevance of the topic of climate change There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this issue for Portugal? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 22 21 23 15 8 6 2 1 2 7,9 Gender Male Female 21 23 19 22 24 22 15 15 8 8 7 6 2 1 2 1 - - 2 1 7,7 8 18-29 21 16 22 17 12 7 2 1 2 7,7 30-39 21 16 20 19 8 10 3 2 7,7 Age(years) 40-49 13 25 26 16 9 6 1 1 1 2 7,7 50-59 24 20 25 13 6 7 2 1 1 2 7,9 60-69 32 27 21 9 6 2 1 1 8,5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 26 Relevance of the topic of climate change There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this issue for Portugal? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 22 21 23 15 8 6 2 1 2 7,9 Education Low Medium High 23 22 20 17 24 24 23 23 24 16 13 15 10 7 6 6 6 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1- -- 2 2 1 7,8 7,9 8,0 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 20 22 20 17 22 25 26 23 23 18 13 17 9 8 7 6 7 5 4 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 -- 1 2 1 7,7 7,9 8,0 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 27 Attitudes to climate change If you now think about the topic of environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? By destroying nature, humanity is endangering its livelihoods. 97 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 66 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 47 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 22 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 1 76 21 2 3 54 39 52 7 14 52 28 6 34 12 35 36 17 53 6 16 36 42 78 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely diasagree social-ecological transformation 28 Attitudes to climate change If you now think about the topic of environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree." By destroying nature, humanity is endangering its livelihoods. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 97 95 100 96 95 97 97 98 96 99 98 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 95 99 86 92 91 93 96 90 88 97 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 66 62 50 72 65 69 69 66 69 73 56 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 47 36 30 59 41 52 50 56 44 60 38 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 22 19 6 24 20 31 15 28 26 39 14 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 29 Attitudes to climate change If you now think about the topic of environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree." Total By destroying nature, humanity is endangering its livelihoods. 97 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 66 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 47 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 22 Gender Male Female 96 98 91 94 67 63 48 46 27 18 18-29 95 90 67 43 31 30-39 99 95 76 46 25 Age(years) 40-49 98 92 62 45 21 50-59 96 91 62 47 19 60-69 98 95 60 53 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 30 Attitudes to climate change If you now think about the topic of environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree." By destroying nature, humanity is endangering its livelihoods. Total 97 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in our country than climate change. 66 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 47 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 22 Education Low Medium High 96 98 98 91 95 93 68 66 60 53 47 37 32 15 16 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 96 97 98 91 93 92 67 67 64 56 45 43 34 21 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 31 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Consequences of climate change Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Sea level rise due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 25 21 16 9 1 60 50 44 42 38 73 71 social-ecological transformation 32 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Sea level rise due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 73 72 72 67 74 71 76 81 71 71 60 65 72 59 46 50 48 57 54 52 44 46 53 39 53 42 50 32 43 37 38 33 55 36 44 25 24 26 20 29 21 25 19 19 21 16 19 8 10 18 9 5 4 4 13 0-- 2 1 0- 2 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 74 76 68 75 66 80 60 74 65 72 64 77 54 54 62 64 62 58 43 55 38 55 35 60 34 41 46 48 42 39 47 44 38 47 38 46 34 41 42 29 36 36 24 23 27 30 17 31 27 20 20 22 21 19 19 11 30 12 14 14 9 12 17 10 7 5 ---- 2 1 2- 2 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 33 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Sea level rise due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 73 71 60 50 44 42 38 25 21 16 9 0 1 Gender Male Female 68 76 66 76 59 61 43 56 40 47 43 42 40 37 27 23 23 20 18 13 10 7 0 0 1 1 18-29 66 68 50 46 39 47 34 28 25 19 8 0 2 30-39 72 66 51 50 38 42 36 22 29 18 11 1 Age(years) 40-49 74 71 60 50 40 38 40 28 13 14 7 1 2 50-59 74 72 64 51 47 47 43 24 22 13 10 0 1 60-69 77 78 72 52 54 39 38 23 19 15 8 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 34 Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Water shortage in everyday life Increase in extreme weather events Forest fires, forest dieback Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Sea level rise due to melting of the poles Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Military conflicts over raw materials and water Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Increased immigration, migration Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 73 71 60 50 44 42 38 25 21 16 9 0 1 Education Low Medium High 67 76 77 64 76 76 56 59 66 46 53 52 41 46 45 45 44 39 35 43 38 25 25 26 23 19 21 18 14 14 10 9 7 1 0 0 1 1 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 68 74 72 69 71 74 56 59 63 49 49 50 43 43 48 47 45 34 30 42 39 17 28 24 26 22 19 17 14 16 5 10 9 2- 0 2 1 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 3 Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour social-ecological transformation 36 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 97% of respondents believe that we all need to take action ourselves and start changing our lifestyles in order to preserve a liveable environment for ourselves and future generations(highest level of agreement"fully agree": 60%). • Furthermore, 93% of respondents would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the resulting costs were distributed in a socially just manner(highest level of agreement: 44%). • Slightly fewer, but still more than three quarters(78%) claim to actively contribute to changing society(highest level of agreement: 20%). Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 94% of respondents believe that we should be willing to change our lifestyle for the benefit of the environment(highest level of agreement"strongly agree": 53%). However, 35%(also) say that they themselves are only willing to do something to protect the environment if this does not affect their own standard of living(highest level of agreement: 9%). social-ecological transformation 37 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 66% fear that a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns is associated with high personal costs(highest level of agreement: 14%). 63% say they lack the financial means to do something for climate protection(highest level of agreement: 22%). Furthermore, 61% of the respondents consider measures for climate and environmental protection to be socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular(highest level of agreement: 18%). • 65% say they are annoyed when others try to tell them how to live(highest level of agreement: 25%). In addition, 39% complain that they will soon not be able to do anything at all if there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection(highest approval rating: 11%). • 84% would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted in this way(highest level of agreement: 37%). However, 50%(also) say that others should first take the first step before contributing to climate protection themselves(highest level of agreement: 18%). Furthermore, 21% do not believe that their own behaviour can contribute significantly to environmental protection(highest level of agreement: 5%). • 39% find it difficult to shape their own lives in an environmentally and climate-friendly way(highest level of agreement: 8%). Furthermore, 70% say that the lack of infrastructure makes it impossible to give up the car(highest level of agreement: 28%). 15% say they do not see the point of changing their own behaviour for something that may happen in the future(highest level of agreement: 5%). social-ecological transformation 38 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 41% say that preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection(highest level of agreement: 8%). Furthermore, 34% say that Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements(highest level of agreement: 8%). 30% think that combating climate change is detrimental to the economy(highest approval rating: 8%). • 64% believe that business knows best how to implement the necessary change(highest level of agreement: 16%). In addition, 28% think that science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life(highest level of agreement: 7%). Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 97% feel that spending time in nature significantly enhances their quality of life(highest level of agreement:"strongly agree" 67%). Furthermore, 94% of respondents feel strongly connected to nature(highest level of agreement: 49%). • In the opinion of 97% of respondents, each individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations(highest level of agreement: 71%). 97% believe that more environmental protection also means better quality of life and health for everyone(highest level of agreement: 71%). Furthermore, 97% think that environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty(highest approval rating: 68%). 86% feel personally responsible for the preservation of nature and the environment(highest approval rating: 37%). social-ecological transformation 39 Main findings Climate and environmentally conscious behaviour • 94% see the industrialised countries as having a special responsibility for climate protection, as they have been the main cause of climate change(highest level of agreement: 52%). In addition, 92% say they feel better when they buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate(highest level of agreement: 46%). • 91% believe that the economy must become more climate-friendly, as otherwise there is a threat of economic damage (highest level of agreement: 44%). Furthermore, 79% believe that switching to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities(highest approval rating: 22%). 92% believe that a consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive effect on the competitiveness of the economy in the future(highest approval rating: 42%). social-ecological transformation 40 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start 97 changing our way of life. I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just 93 manner. 60 44 37 21 3 49 61 7 I commit myself to actively changing society. 78 20 58 19 3 22 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 41 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. 97 100 100 98 95 97 97 97 99 92 99 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 93 96 90 95 91 94 98 96 91 94 91 I commit myself to actively changing society. 78 84 79 82 81 70 75 80 71 80 86 Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. 60 65 82 62 60 37 56 65 54 47 78 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 44 42 44 57 42 28 47 54 34 44 54 I commit myself to actively changing society. 20 19 19 31 25 10 10 22 11 29 35 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 42 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. I commit myself to actively changing society. Total 97 93 78 Response category:„Fully agree" Total In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. 60 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 44 I commit myself to actively changing society. 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 96 99 94 93 78 79 Gender Male Female 54 65 43 45 18 23 18-29 95 94 80 30-39 98 94 72 Age(years) 40-49 97 93 78 50-59 99 94 77 60-69 99 93 86 18-29 50 45 24 30-39 58 43 21 Age(years) 40-49 63 43 20 50-59 60 44 17 60-69 69 47 21 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 43 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. 97 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 93 I commit myself to actively changing society. 78 Response category:„Fully agree" In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we all have to take action ourselves and start changing our way of life. I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. I commit myself to actively changing society. Total 60 44 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 96 99 98 90 96 96 79 77 78 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 97 98 97 91 94 96 79 79 77 Education Low Medium High 54 64 65 42 46 45 21 21 19 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 56 60 67 43 45 47 17 21 22 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 44 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 53 37 28 42 14 52 25 40 16 48 22 41 18 43 18 32 Fully agree Somewhat agree 41 42 47 13 3 22 8 29 5 30 5 30 6 28 9 30 9 34 16 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 45 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 8 33 If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. 11 28 I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 8 31 48 45 45 11 16 16 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 9 26 45 20 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 8 26 42 24 Tackling climate change hurts the economy. 8 22 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 7 21 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 5 16 49 40 44 21 32 35 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 5 10 34 51 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 46 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. 94 94 99 95 94 90 92 97 96 88 97 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 84 83 79 88 81 89 88 82 81 87 81 The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. 70 71 66 60 66 71 75 73 65 77 70 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 66 64 42 52 64 69 74 68 69 89 60 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 65 69 42 56 64 72 71 68 74 70 61 Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. 64 65 50 68 60 74 61 62 66 73 58 Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 63 61 37 54 46 71 67 70 78 79 53 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 61 51 44 53 59 65 67 61 71 73 52 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 50 41 31 49 43 59 49 55 60 67 42 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 47 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 41 32 14 31 47 58 46 36 45 56 37 If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. 39 45 18 36 44 46 33 33 56 50 33 I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 39 34 26 35 42 45 41 32 47 55 29 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 35 32 14 34 35 43 30 47 38 47 26 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 34 33 16 26 33 37 31 39 42 53 27 Tackling climate change hurts the economy. 30 21 15 31 35 38 31 39 34 43 22 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 28 19 8 34 45 39 26 33 19 45 17 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 21 18 10 7 28 35 17 14 24 34 16 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 15 17 6 14 20 23 6 15 19 29 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 48 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. 94 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 84 The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. 70 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 66 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 65 Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. 64 Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 63 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 61 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 50 Gender Male Female 92 96 86 82 74 67 69 63 69 62 62 65 66 60 62 59 57 44 18-29 91 88 70 68 70 58 64 60 55 30-39 93 80 72 70 70 60 64 64 54 Age(years) 40-49 96 84 71 64 66 67 59 64 47 50-59 94 81 68 69 63 65 66 61 45 60-69 96 86 68 61 58 68 63 52 51 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 49 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 41 If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. 39 I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 39 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 35 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 34 Tackling climate change hurts the economy. 30 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 28 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 21 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 15 Gender Male Female 44 38 42 37 42 37 39 31 40 29 32 30 34 23 26 16 22 9 18-29 48 47 42 44 40 40 41 32 23 30-39 43 50 40 49 34 28 30 20 16 Age(years) 40-49 36 37 36 26 36 30 24 18 15 50-59 42 33 39 31 25 30 24 16 15 60-69 36 30 39 27 36 28 21 18 7 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 50 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. Total 94 84 70 66 65 64 63 61 50 Education Low Medium High 93 96 94 82 86 85 69 70 71 71 67 59 70 64 59 69 64 55 72 62 51 67 61 49 58 51 38 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 94 94 94 84 84 85 68 73 70 70 68 55 67 66 59 70 64 57 76 66 45 65 61 53 58 50 39 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 51 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Tackling climate change hurts the economy. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Total 41 39 39 35 34 30 28 21 15 Education Low Medium High 47 39 34 48 34 32 44 38 34 42 31 28 43 28 28 39 29 22 31 28 22 28 18 13 23 10 10 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 46 41 37 47 40 30 44 41 29 49 33 24 39 34 30 36 32 22 29 28 29 26 20 16 22 15 10 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 52 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. 53 57 71 63 48 34 51 62 38 48 64 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 37 41 30 52 42 22 33 45 36 34 40 28 22 27 25 39 23 34 26 20 29 33 25 20 13 23 25 21 30 32 28 38 22 Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 22 20 11 21 19 24 21 26 33 28 11 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 18 12 8 13 22 17 18 22 23 26 18 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 18 13 9 18 15 13 21 14 22 29 20 Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. 16 15 13 17 10 8 18 21 17 17 18 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 14 16 5 23 18 8 16 13 14 23 13 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 53 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. 11 13 4 14 12 6 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 9 9 3 10 14 4 8 10 18 14 11 6 9 7 16 11 Tackling climate change hurts the economy. 8 7 5 10 7 10 8 6 11 9 12 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 8 7 2 9 7 9 8 12 6 14 8 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 8 10 4 4 4 7 6 13 9 18 7 I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 8 7 6 3 18 9 10 7 5 15 4 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 7 5 2 14 13 3 2 9 7 11 8 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 5 7 3 2 10 4 3 7 3 7 4 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 5 6 3 3 11 4 0 7 7 8 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 54 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. 53 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 37 The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. 28 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 25 Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 22 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 18 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 18 Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. 16 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 14 Gender Male Female 49 57 37 36 27 28 28 23 26 18 23 14 20 15 15 16 18 11 18-29 46 45 27 31 22 24 21 16 22 30-39 51 40 34 28 24 20 24 17 18 Age(years) 40-49 55 34 27 22 16 14 17 15 13 50-59 54 30 29 23 27 18 18 15 14 60-69 59 35 23 24 19 16 10 15 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 55 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. Tackling climate change hurts the economy. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Total 11 9 8 8 8 8 7 5 5 Gender Male Female 12 10 10 7 10 7 11 6 10 7 11 6 10 4 8 2 7 3 18-29 18 15 14 14 11 15 12 12 11 30-39 15 15 10 9 8 8 7 4 3 Age(years) 40-49 10 6 8 8 8 6 6 4 4 50-59 8 5 7 6 9 6 6 3 6 60-69 5 3 3 4 7 6 2 2 0 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 56 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" In favor of the environment, we should all be willing to change our way of living. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. The lack of infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to do without the car. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. Personally, I lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. Business knows best how to implement the necessary change. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. Total 53 37 28 25 22 18 18 16 14 Education Low Medium High 48 58 54 36 36 37 25 29 30 32 23 19 28 22 13 21 18 13 22 16 13 16 16 13 18 15 10 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 50 52 59 40 35 41 25 30 30 29 26 20 24 23 15 24 16 19 21 16 18 18 15 14 17 14 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 57 Barriers to climate and environmentally conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" If there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection, soon there will be nothing left to do at all. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. Tackling climate change hurts the economy. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. I find it difficult to live my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Total 11 9 8 8 8 8 7 5 5 Education Low Medium High 15 8 8 12 6 7 13 6 5 12 5 7 11 6 7 10 6 8 10 4 4 8 3 2 8 2 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 10 11 12 12 7 8 11 9 4 9 8 9 9 9 6 7 9 7 5 8 5 4 5 5 6 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 58 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. I feel a strong connection with nature. A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 71 71 67 68 52 49 42 46 44 37 22 57 Fully agree Somewhat agree 26 21 26 21 30 21 29 3 42 51 45 6 50 71 46 71 47 81 49 11 3 19 2 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 59 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 97 99 100 99 99 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 97 100 99 98 95 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 97 98 98 98 99 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 97 96 98 99 100 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 94 94 99 83 99 I feel a strong connection with nature. 94 97 96 90 93 A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 92 97 98 97 92 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 93 95 86 97 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 95 98 94 97 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 86 92 89 87 88 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 79 81 86 81 84 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 97 96 97 95 96 97 93 97 99 92 97 99 91 94 96 91 94 98 88 92 96 91 89 93 84 91 92 80 86 88 78 68 81 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 98 93 99 95 96 100 98 95 100 97 90 100 93 90 94 92 88 95 83 84 97 94 89 92 85 84 93 80 83 96 76 74 86 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 60 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 97 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 97 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 97 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 97 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 94 I feel a strong connection with nature. 94 A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 92 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 86 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 79 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 97 98 96 98 96 98 95 98 93 94 93 94 90 94 90 94 90 91 84 88 82 76 18-29 96 95 97 93 92 88 89 90 87 83 77 30-39 98 96 97 98 91 90 91 89 91 86 75 Age(years) 40-49 98 97 97 97 92 94 92 93 91 88 81 50-59 98 99 98 96 94 96 92 91 92 88 81 60-69 98 99 98 99 98 98 96 97 92 88 80 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 61 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 97 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 97 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 97 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 97 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 94 I feel a strong connection with nature. 94 A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 92 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 86 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 79 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 98 98 97 95 99 97 98 97 98 95 98 97 92 94 95 93 95 93 91 92 95 93 91 92 88 93 92 85 88 87 80 79 78 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 96 98 96 95 98 98 98 97 96 92 98 96 90 94 94 91 95 93 90 92 94 92 92 92 89 91 92 88 87 88 76 79 81 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 62 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 71 78 89 68 79 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 71 74 90 84 73 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 68 69 87 66 71 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 67 74 81 73 68 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 52 45 61 39 57 I feel a strong connection with nature. 49 51 57 57 46 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 46 52 54 54 62 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 44 48 62 45 52 42 42 64 39 42 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 37 37 54 46 42 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 22 22 27 30 30 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 53 68 74 52 71 77 47 72 73 37 69 75 35 54 50 25 48 64 23 37 54 23 44 43 25 42 37 18 32 46 11 18 25 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 68 58 86 62 58 83 59 54 81 66 57 78 56 47 71 42 46 58 38 40 56 37 40 52 34 32 59 20 34 46 13 24 31 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 63 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 71 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 71 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 68 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 67 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 52 I feel a strong connection with nature. 49 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 46 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 44 A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 42 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 37 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 22 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 67 75 67 76 62 72 63 71 52 51 45 52 41 50 44 44 42 41 32 40 25 20 18-29 70 67 58 59 44 40 46 40 41 40 23 30-39 73 68 68 67 48 47 45 43 40 33 25 Age(years) 40-49 67 73 71 67 53 47 46 43 41 40 20 50-59 72 73 69 71 49 50 43 42 42 32 20 60-69 76 76 71 72 65 60 48 52 44 37 25 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 64 Motivators of climate and environmentally conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 71 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 71 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 68 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 67 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection because they have been the main cause of climate change. 52 I feel a strong connection with nature. 49 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 46 The economy must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 44 A consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 42 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 37 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 22 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 69 72 74 68 74 74 62 70 72 65 68 70 49 55 53 49 50 48 47 44 45 41 46 46 39 41 47 36 34 40 21 22 25 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 64 71 79 65 73 75 62 68 72 62 68 71 44 53 53 45 50 49 39 45 51 35 46 51 34 42 47 33 37 43 16 22 29 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 4 Changing lifestyles and economies social-ecological transformation 66 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies Assessing the need for change • When asked whether a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns is necessary in Portugal, the vast majority of respondents answered"yes, definitely"(46%) or"rather yes"(47%). This contrasts with only 3% who(tend) not to think that fundamental change is necessary. A further 4% answered"I don't know" Attribution of responsibility-Which actors do too little? • In the opinion of the population, it is above all political parties that should be more committed to tackling climate change: 84% of respondents say that political parties are(much) too little committed. • 78% think that the government is doing(far) too little to tackle climate change. The same number of respondents think that the businesses should increase their efforts. • 73% see trade unions as having a greater responsibility. 70% think local government should do more, 68% expect this from local citizens and 59% want more responsibility from the European Union. • Non-governmental organisations and the scientific community are less likely to be expected to increase efforts(36% and 29% respectively). social-ecological transformation 67 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies Attribution of responsibility-Which actors can contribute most to crisis management? • When it comes to addressing the climate and environmental crisis, the government is by far the most frequently counted among the three most influential actors(65%). In second place is the European Union with 52%, followed by businesses with 40%. This is followed by local citizens(32%), the scientific community(31%), local governments(24%), NGOs(14%), political parties(12%) and trade unions(2%). Attitudes towards policy measures • 95% support a more consistent switch to renewable energy(highest level of agreement"fully agree": 52%). The statement"It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does insufficiently take into account the special features of our country" is agreed with by 64%(highest level of agreement: 18%). • 94% are in favour of support programmes that help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products(highest level of agreement: 43%). 92% believe that politicians should exert much stronger pressure on the economy to achieve climate-friendly production methods(highest approval rating: 43%). 88% think that the economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate-neutral(highest approval rating: 37%). In addition, 84% believe that politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely(highest approval rating: 33%). social-ecological transformation 68 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies • 93% believe that politics should be much more concerned with a socially just design of the change in our economic and lifestyle patterns(highest level of agreement: 45%). 89% are in favour of providing more financial support to people with low incomes if the costs of electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures(highest level of agreement: 45%). At the same time, 82% feel uneasy about the idea of a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns, as they know from experience that many people will be worse off afterwards than before(highest approval rating: 25%). • 88% think that, above all, strict and consistent laws are needed to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations(highest level of agreement: 38%). 68%, however,(also) say that there are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns-if these were also implemented, we would be on the right track(highest approval rating: 16%). • 84% agree that low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pollution than other population groups(highest level of agreement: 40%). • 50% believe that structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result(highest level of agreement: 13%). 86%, however, say that jobs affected by structural change should be maintained for as long as possible if there are no suitable alternatives(highest level of agreement: 29%). social-ecological transformation 69 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection • Mobility: 97% are in favour of expanding the transport network and the frequency of local public transport(highest level of agreement"I fully support": 70%). 95% of respondents are in favour of reducing the prices for local public transport (highest level of agreement: 74%). More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles are supported by 93%(highest approval rating: 56%), the promotion of electric vehicles by 89%(highest approval rating: 57%), a Carbon tax on airline tickets by 73%(highest approval rating: 29%) and the introduction of a car toll(so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more) by 49%(highest approval rating: 18%). • Energy: 96% of respondents are in favour of building more wind turbines(highest approval rating: 59%). 93% are in favour of cooperative membership(highest approval rating: 52%) and 92% are in favour of mandatory solar for public buildings and new private buildings(highest approval rating: 61%). • Technology/innovation/economy: 96% of respondents are in favour of more support for the development of climatefriendly products and technologies(highest level of agreement: 65%). Likewise, 96% are in favour of labelling climatefriendly products(highest approval rating: 68%). Reducing subsidies that are harmful to the climate is supported by 84% (highest approval rating: 39%) and making products that are harmful to the climate more expensive by 77%(highest approval rating: 29%). social-ecological transformation 70 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies • Education: 96% support an improvement of school education in the field of environmental and climate protection (highest approval rating: 71%). 93% support training or further training(or retraining) for employees who work in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future(highest approval rating: 63%). • Housing: 96% support legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances(highest approval rating: 60%). 95% support state subsidies for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation(highest approval rating: 62%). 93% support state subsidies for private households to use renewable energy(highest approval rating: 60%). 92% approve of financial support for cost-efficient heating systems(e.g. heat pumps)(highest approval rating: 54%). Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition • 97% of respondents agree that workers affected by the switch of electricity and heat supply to renewable energy(e.g. job loss) should be supported in retraining for alternative jobs(highest level of agreement"strongly agree": 64%). Furthermore, 92% think that the affected employees should be supported financially(compensation payments, severance payments, etc.)(highest level of agreement: 52%). social-ecological transformation 71 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies • 97% of respondents believe that the development of energy communities should be supported by the government (highest level of agreement: 58%). In addition, 94% of respondents agree that financial support should be given to private households that want to use renewable energy(e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pump)(highest level of agreement: 60%). • According to 90% of the respondents, new industries should be actively located in regions and municipalities affected by the conversion of electricity and heat supply to renewable energy(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions)(highest level of agreement: 44%). Furthermore, 80% of the respondents think that the affected regions and municipalities should receive financial support(highest level of agreement: 35%). • 94% of respondents believe that citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community(highest level of agreement: 46%). • 80% of respondents can imagine taking an active part in shaping their community's energy supply, with 25% saying they could"definitely" imagine doing so. Asked whether they could imagine generating their own energy, 8% say they already do, 60% say they can"definitely" imagine it and 21% say they can"rather" imagine it. social-ecological transformation 72 Main findings Changing lifestyles and economies • 74% would"approve" of the construction of a solar park in their community if the profits it generates benefit the community. Another 25% would accept it, 1% would reject it. The construction of a wind park in their community would be"approved" by 64%(if the profits generated by it benefit the community). A further 31% would accept it, 5% would reject it. • To fight climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. 70% of respondents think this should be done through more public subsidies for climate-neutral technologies and the replacement of heating. On the other hand, 14% are in favour of bans and 4% of higher prices for oil, gas and coal. The remaining 12% of respondents are not in favour of any of the options mentioned. • When asked whether renewable energy has become more important since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, 42% answer"yes, renewable energy has become more important" Another 38% answer with"rather yes" In contrast, 15% answered with"rather no" and 5% with"no, renewable energy has not become more important" social-ecological transformation 73 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Portugal? Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Yes Yes, definitely Rather yes No No, not really No, not at all Don't know 46 93 47 3 3 4 social-ecological transformation 74 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Portugal? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 94 97 99 91 92 91 95 92 90 90 98 46 52 54 46 49 33 46 44 39 44 62 47 45 45 45 43 58 49 48 51 46 36 4 1 1 5 6 4 3 3 4 8 3 1 1 5 6 3 3 3 2 8 ----- 1-- 1- 4 2- 4 2 4 2 5 6 2 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 75 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Portugal? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total 94 46 47 4 3 4 Gender Male Female 93 94 43 50 50 44 6 1 5 1 - 2 4 18-29 92 46 46 6 6 1 30-39 93 43 50 2 2 5 Age(years) 40-49 96 45 50 2 2 1 2 50-59 95 48 47 3 2 1 2 60-69 92 51 41 3 3 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 76 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Portugal? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO No, not really No, not at all Don't know Total 94 46 47 4 3 4 Education Low Medium High 92 94 95 45 46 50 47 49 45 4 2 4 4 2 3 1- 4 4 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 93 94 95 48 48 49 45 46 46 4 3 4 4 3 4 1- 3 3 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 77 Attribution of responsibility What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? The scientific community TOO LITTLE 29 Non-governmental organisations 36 European Union 59 Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) 70 Local citizens 68 Government 78 Trade unions 73 Businesses 78 Political parties 84 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 14 23 16 31 35 27 40 5 24 9 27 45 47 52 47 38 51 44 Way too little Too little 37 31 27 22 21 16 16 15 11 Just right 27 24 91 51 71 31 20 30 21 TOO MUCH 2 29 4 28 10 6 8 4 2 3 3 Way too much Too much Don't know 5 5 4 2 3 2 9 4 2 social-ecological transformation 78 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little 3 3 2 2 6 9 2 15 17 13 17 13 18 16 78 76 84 80 76 72 79 Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much 6 8 3 6 4 10 3 Just right 22 25 22 22 25 29 21 Too little/way too little 70 63 72 70 68 59 72 European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little 10 10 13 11 12 16 9 27 31 28 32 30 34 23 59 54 54 53 54 49 65 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists TRA CMA SEN PRO 3 1 9 0 19 9 18 12 72 83 72 83 4 0 12 6 26 16 21 17 67 78 66 75 11 3 12 8 21 21 24 27 64 70 61 62 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 79 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local citizens Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 4 5- 5 2 5 4 4 2 6 1 16 19 21 17 12 20 10 19 12 12 14 78 71 78 76 82 73 83 74 81 80 83 8 10 9 5 8 9 6 7 5 14 5 21 24 16 24 21 22 25 21 20 19 18 68 63 74 70 70 67 68 67 70 64 76 2 2 1- 7 16 20 16 14 10 73 69 76 84 74 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists 5 2 2 20 10 18 71 76 73 strongly overrepresented overrepresented - 6 5 14 22 16 72 69 74 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 80 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 3 6- 2- 6 0 2 1 8 3 11 13 9 16 14 13 5 18 2 13 8 84 75 88 81 83 77 94 77 91 79 87 28 35 35 20 34 25 32 22 18 24 39 31 26 29 37 31 40 31 36 27 28 25 36 32 30 42 30 33 36 37 48 44 31 29 35 37 23 37 37 34 39 48 29 29 27 18 26 32 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists 31 36 15 44 32 43 24 28 40 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 16 23 35 35 33 34 34 40 24 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 81 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city/commune) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 3 15 78 6 22 70 10 27 59 Gender Male Female 6 2 15 15 78 78 6 4 24 20 68 71 11 10 29 25 58 60 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 7 5 3 2 1 21 18 14 12 12 64 73 80 84 86 11 4 4 4 5 28 28 20 16 22 57 64 74 78 71 16 14 7 34 26 28 45 56 62 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 6 10 20 27 72 60 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 82 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local citizens Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 4 16 78 8 21 68 2 16 73 Gender Male Female 4 3 17 14 78 79 11 6 21 20 67 71 4 2 17 15 74 74 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 3 4 3 2 6 20 15 16 13 14 72 77 80 83 78 11 8 7 10 4 27 25 18 17 19 59 63 74 72 74 7 4 2 24 18 18 59 70 74 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 2 0 10 12 82 80 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 83 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 3 11 84 28 31 36 29 37 29 Gender Male Female 4 2 13 8 82 85 31 26 32 30 34 39 30 27 37 36 30 29 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 4 5 2 3 2 17 14 8 7 8 76 76 88 88 89 40 29 28 25 19 27 32 33 28 35 28 32 34 45 41 35 26 31 40 37 31 21 30 32 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 26 25 34 44 36 25 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 84 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Total Businesses Way too much/too much 3 Just right 15 Too little/way too little 78 Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much 6 Just right 22 Too little/way too little 70 European Union Way too much/too much 10 Just right 27 Too little/way too little 59 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 5 2 3 16 16 13 74 79 82 7 4 6 24 22 20 66 71 72 10 8 12 24 27 30 61 62 55 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 6 3 2 18 15 12 69 78 84 6 6 4 20 23 23 69 68 72 15 9 11 27 26 30 53 61 56 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 85 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local citizens Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 4 16 78 8 21 68 2 16 73 Education Low Medium High 4 3 3 16 16 14 76 79 81 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 2 4 2 18 14 15 75 79 82 9 6 8 20 21 20 68 70 70 13 7 6 23 21 16 62 69 76 4 1 3 19 13 15 70 78 74 4 3 3 20 17 14 68 73 76 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 86 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Total 3 11 84 28 31 36 29 37 29 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 4 2 3 14 8 7 79 87 88 22 28 38 34 28 30 41 38 29 18 31 42 44 33 31 33 30 25 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 3 2 4 12 11 8 82 84 88 25 27 37 30 33 26 41 35 33 19 29 38 47 36 31 27 29 27 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 87 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three parties you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Businesses Local citizens The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Non-governmental organisations Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 65 52 40 32 31 24 14 12 2 1 social-ecological transformation 88 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three parties you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Businesses Local citizens The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Non-governmental organisations Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 65 60 70 54 58 52 56 45 54 52 40 38 57 36 44 32 40 35 35 31 31 33 30 28 28 24 25 26 26 14 14 10 14 15 10 12 12 7 10 16 2-- 3 5 1 2- 3 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 64 68 69 68 61 68 56 58 46 62 51 43 34 42 29 41 34 46 36 23 34 25 34 37 35 33 28 23 31 38 18 20 32 30 26 23 14 14 20 16 8 16 11 9 22 10 16 7 2 2 2 1 3 5 0 2 2 1 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 89 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three parties you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Businesses Local citizens The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Non-governmental organisations Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 65 52 40 32 31 24 14 12 2 1 Gender Male Female 65 65 57 49 39 41 29 36 35 27 22 26 10 17 12 11 3 2 1 1 18-29 53 48 34 37 36 18 16 14 2 1 30-39 63 57 36 32 30 16 11 13 5 4 Age(years) 40-49 63 55 42 35 27 24 11 13 2 1 50-59 76 53 42 28 24 26 13 14 2 1 60-69 68 48 44 30 39 35 19 5 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 90 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please state up to three parties you regard as being most influential. Government European Union Businesses Local citizens The scientific community Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Non-governmental organisations Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 65 52 40 32 31 24 14 12 2 1 Education Low Medium High 62 67 66 52 54 50 27 48 51 35 31 30 26 33 35 25 24 22 16 12 12 16 10 9 4 1 1 2 1 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 62 66 62 48 54 49 29 42 46 38 32 31 29 28 41 28 23 23 14 12 14 13 12 10 3 2 3 2 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 91 Attitudes towards policy measures(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. Businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 52 43 45 43 45 38 37 Fully agree Somewhat agree 43 41 51 51 48 61 49 62 44 92 50 10 2 51 10 2 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 92 Attitudes towards policy measures(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) than other population groups. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does insufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 29 33 40 25 16 18 13 57 12 2 51 14 2 44 12 4 57 16 2 52 28 4 46 30 6 37 Fully agree Somewhat agree 40 10 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 93 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 97 98 97 93 94 98 96 95 87 98 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 94 98 94 96 94 93 95 94 90 92 93 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 93 93 92 89 96 92 93 90 99 86 96 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 92 95 93 88 95 90 93 93 92 88 98 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 89 90 88 92 88 88 85 92 92 87 92 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 88 90 88 93 94 85 89 88 88 83 92 The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 88 86 93 92 92 89 93 82 91 80 91 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 94 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 86 86 74 89 77 85 93 92 93 86 79 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 84 86 79 82 80 81 86 91 86 83 87 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 84 85 85 84 83 77 87 84 86 91 80 than other population groups. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 82 83 62 80 73 88 86 89 89 84 82 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 68 68 66 70 67 65 64 70 66 73 66 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does insufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 64 58 42 65 68 62 64 78 75 68 62 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 50 50 57 46 62 55 43 49 43 53 48 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 94 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 93 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 92 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 89 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 88 The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 88 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 94 96 93 95 92 94 91 94 88 90 88 89 87 91 95 18-29 90 91 89 85 86 86 85 30-39 97 Age(years) 40-49 98 50-59 94 93 96 94 92 94 94 92 96 93 88 87 91 85 91 87 90 89 90 60-69 97 95 94 97 94 93 89 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 86 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 84 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 84 than other population groups. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 82 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 68 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does insufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 64 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 50 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 85 86 85 84 84 84 82 82 65 70 65 63 58 44 96 18-29 81 75 81 80 68 62 55 30-39 82 Age(years) 40-49 88 50-59 87 81 90 85 74 87 85 80 83 81 59 68 67 66 67 63 49 49 46 60-69 91 89 92 87 74 62 53 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 97 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 94 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 93 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 92 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 89 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 88 The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 88 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 93 98 96 93 96 93 92 94 91 91 93 94 90 91 86 89 91 86 86 92 89 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 94 95 96 95 92 95 95 93 91 90 94 91 91 90 86 86 90 87 94 87 89 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 98 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 86 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 84 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 84 than other population groups. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 82 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 68 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does insufficiently take into account the specifics of our country. 64 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 50 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 91 89 74 87 84 81 83 85 84 86 84 74 71 65 64 74 65 49 48 49 53 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 88 87 78 83 84 84 89 82 83 86 83 73 68 68 64 68 66 56 46 51 55 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 99 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 52 57 66 59 58 33 50 54 40 52 62 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 45 43 47 49 42 29 47 46 47 43 53 People with low incomes should be given greater financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 45 41 35 53 43 34 41 51 53 41 59 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 43 37 51 41 53 20 44 43 37 46 59 There should be subsidy programmes to support businesses in switching to climate-friendly production processes and products. 43 45 49 47 53 32 44 46 32 41 48 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 32 48 51 44 23 40 48 34 36 51 than other population groups. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 38 39 43 45 32 18 42 45 32 46 42 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 100 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 37 36 52 30 42 15 43 36 32 40 44 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 33 27 35 35 40 17 42 32 41 31 36 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 29 23 24 42 35 16 30 36 29 34 30 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people will be worse off than before. 25 19 17 32 30 14 30 39 18 30 27 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not take the the particularities of our country are insufficiently taken into account. 18 17 7 20 17 15 22 28 21 19 20 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 16 14 16 23 34 7 16 13 11 19 16 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 13 14 11 12 20 12 10 20 5 17 15 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 52 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 45 People with low incomes should be given greater financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 45 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 43 There should be subsidy programmes to support businesses in switching to climate-friendly production processes and products. 43 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 than other population groups. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 53 51 45 44 44 45 42 43 39 46 37 43 40 37 101 18-29 46 43 47 36 46 40 37 30-39 52 Age(years) 40-49 56 50-59 51 42 47 46 46 44 39 43 44 43 46 45 41 29 40 40 37 40 37 60-69 56 45 49 48 37 51 41 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. Total 37 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 33 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 29 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people will be worse off than before. 25 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not take the the particularities of our country are insufficiently taken into account. 18 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 16 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 13 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 38 36 37 30 30 29 23 27 20 17 16 16 17 10 102 18-29 33 28 28 28 17 22 22 30-39 38 Age(years) 40-49 34 50-59 35 37 36 36 25 32 25 25 24 27 23 18 20 15 16 13 17 13 8 60-69 46 30 36 23 15 15 8 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 103 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" Total We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 52 Politicians must work harder to ensure the structuring of our economic system and way of living is socially just. 45 People with low incomes should be given greater financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 45 Politicians must exert much greater pressure on the economic sector to achieve climate compatible production methods. 43 There should be subsidy programmes to support businesses in switching to climate-friendly production processes and products. 43 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 than other population groups. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 48 56 53 43 47 45 51 46 35 38 48 43 41 45 43 38 41 43 41 41 33 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 47 53 56 43 45 47 54 45 36 36 45 41 40 43 45 37 39 46 37 40 36 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 104 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:„Fully agree" The economy needs clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. Total 37 Politics follows the guidelines of industry and business too closely. 33 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 29 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people will be worse off than before. 25 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not take the the particularities of our country are insufficiently taken into account. 18 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our economic and lifestyle patterns. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 16 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 13 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 32 41 40 32 36 33 33 32 22 29 27 19 23 18 14 17 16 14 17 9 13 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 32 38 43 27 36 32 27 30 27 31 25 23 22 19 15 15 17 13 15 14 12 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 105 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition MOBILITY Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 3 Reduce public transport fares 4 More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles 8 Promotion of electric vehicles 11 Carbon tax on airline tickets 27 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 51 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Support 30 27 70 97 3 21 74 95 26 37 56 93 47 32 57 89 8 19 44 29 73 19 32 31 18 49 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree social-ecological transformation 106 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? ENERGY Building more wind turbines Membership in a cooperative/energy community Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Opposition 4 7 8 4 4 16 23 13 16 26 37 41 31 59 52 61 Support 96 93 92 13 31 65 96 13 28 68 96 4 12 45 39 84 6 17 48 29 77 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree social-ecological transformation 107 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 7 HOUSING Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 4 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 5 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 7 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems (e.g. heat pump) 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Support 13 25 25 30 71 96 63 93 13 36 14 33 25 33 26 38 60 96 62 95 60 93 54 92 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree social-ecological transformation 108 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO MOBILITY Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 97 95 98 98 95 98 98 95 97 91 98 Reduce public transport fares 95 100 98 96 96 94 99 96 94 87 97 More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles 93 94 97 95 94 90 85 96 94 85 97 Promotion of electric vehicles 89 95 89 90 97 84 84 96 85 81 96 Carbon tax on airline tickets 73 76 82 62 82 74 69 74 75 65 73 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 49 49 52 39 57 52 45 50 50 46 51 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 109 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Reduce public transport fares More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles Promotion of electric vehicles Carbon tax on airline tickets Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Total 97 95 93 89 73 49 Gender Male Female 95 98 94 97 91 94 88 91 74 72 52 46 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 92 97 98 97 98 96 92 98 96 96 90 86 93 96 97 87 85 89 92 93 68 67 79 69 81 44 40 54 49 57 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 110 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Total Education Low Medium High Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 97 95 96 98 95 97 96 Reduce public transport fares 95 95 97 95 95 96 94 More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles 93 92 92 94 90 93 94 Promotion of electric vehicles 89 89 90 88 88 89 92 Carbon tax on airline tickets 73 72 72 75 70 73 75 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 49 52 44 51 50 50 50 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 111 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Promotion of electric vehicles More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 51 51 48 61 43 48 55 50 50 54 49 27 24 18 38 18 26 31 26 25 35 27 11 5 11 10 3 16 16 4 15 19 4 8 6 3 5 6 10 15 4 6 15 3 4 0 2 4 4 6 1 4 6 13 3 3 5 2 2 5 2 2 5 3 9 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 112 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more 51 48 54 56 60 46 51 43 Carbon tax on airline tickets 27 26 28 32 33 21 31 19 Promotion of electric vehicles 11 12 9 13 15 11 8 7 More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles 8 9 6 10 14 7 4 3 Reduce public transport fares 4 6 3 4 8 2 4 4 Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport 3 5 2 8 3 2 3 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 113 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Promotion of electric vehicles More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Total 51 27 11 8 4 3 Education Low Medium High 48 56 49 28 28 25 11 10 12 8 8 6 5 3 5 5 4 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 50 50 50 30 27 25 12 11 8 10 7 6 5 4 6 5 3 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 114 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ENERGY Building more wind turbines 96 98 97 94 90 94 96 97 97 92 100 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 93 97 98 91 93 89 91 97 94 84 95 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 92 92 95 90 94 89 95 95 90 83 97 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 96 100 100 100 95 96 95 98 96 86 99 Labelling of climate-friendly products 96 97 96 100 96 93 97 94 99 90 99 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 84 79 88 79 89 86 83 88 83 84 78 Making climate-damaging products more expensive 77 81 84 75 86 65 75 84 72 66 80 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 115 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 Building more wind turbines 96 95 96 94 94 99 94 97 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 93 91 94 88 92 95 96 92 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 92 91 93 88 90 94 93 95 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 96 95 97 91 96 98 98 99 Labelling of climate-friendly products 96 95 97 94 96 98 96 96 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 84 85 83 80 82 85 85 87 Making climate-damaging products more expensive 77 76 76 78 71 80 72 79 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 116 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Total Education Low Medium High Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) Building more wind turbines 96 94 97 96 94 96 96 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 93 93 94 92 93 94 90 Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 92 89 94 94 88 93 93 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 96 94 98 98 92 97 97 Labelling of climate-friendly products 96 94 98 97 95 96 96 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 84 83 83 86 83 84 86 Making climate-damaging products more expensive 77 75 73 80 74 75 83 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 117 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ENERGY Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 8 8 5 10 6 11 5 5 10 17 3 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 7 3 2 9 7 11 9 3 6 16 5 Building more wind turbines 4 2 3 6 10 6 4 3 3 8 0 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Making climate-damaging products more expensive 23 19 16 25 14 35 25 16 28 34 20 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 16 21 12 21 11 14 17 12 17 16 22 Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 4--- 5 4 5 2 4 14 1 Labelling of climate-friendly products 4 3 4- 4 7 3 6 1 10 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 118 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 ENERGY Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings 8 9 7 12 10 6 7 5 Membership in a cooperative/energy community 7 9 6 12 8 5 4 8 Building more wind turbines 4 5 4 6 6 1 6 3 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Making climate-damaging products more expensive 23 24 24 22 29 20 28 21 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 16 15 17 20 18 15 15 13 Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 4 5 3 9 4 2 2 1 Labelling of climate-friendly products 4 5 3 6 4 2 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 119 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" ENERGY Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community Building more wind turbines Total 8 7 4 Education Low Medium High 11 6 6 7 6 8 6 3 4 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 12 7 7 7 6 10 6 4 4 TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/ECONOMY Making climate-damaging products more expensive 23 Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate 16 Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly 4 Labelling of climate-friendly products 4 25 27 20 17 17 14 6 2 2 6 2 3 26 25 17 17 16 14 8 3 3 5 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 120 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 99 96 100 94 95 98 95 98 86 100 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 93 95 97 92 95 91 98 91 89 90 93 HOUSING Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 96 99 98 99 98 92 99 97 96 84 99 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 95 98 97 100 88 95 96 90 93 92 97 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 93 100 94 99 91 93 90 91 93 88 97 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 92 96 92 92 92 94 92 91 96 84 96 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 121 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" EDUCATION Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 93 HOUSING 95 97 94 92 92 96 98 96 97 93 91 93 93 95 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 96 94 98 93 96 96 97 98 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 95 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 93 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 92 92 96 92 95 91 94 91 95 95 95 97 93 93 95 94 92 84 90 96 96 94 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 122 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" EDUCATION Total Education Low Medium High Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 93 HOUSING 94 98 97 89 96 96 95 96 98 88 93 97 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 96 94 98 97 95 96 95 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 95 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 93 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 92 92 97 96 93 95 93 91 95 93 92 95 95 97 94 91 91 93 92 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 123 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 7 5 3 8 5 9 2 9 11 10 7 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 1 4- 6 5 2 5 2 14 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 8 4 8 8 8 6 8 9 4 16 4 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 7 0 6 1 9 7 10 9 7 12 3 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 5 2 3- 12 5 4 10 7 8 3 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances(e.g. Energy class refrigerator) 4 1 2 1 2 8 1 3 4 16 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 124 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total Gender Male Female 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 7 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 6 8 5 3 7 9 7 7 5 8 4 2 4 3 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 8 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 7 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 5 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances(e.g. Energy class refrigerator) 4 9 6 8 5 8 4 6 2 16 10 4 4 6 7 7 5 6 8 9 5 5 5 3 7 4 4 3 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 125 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in occupations that will no longer be needed in the future 7 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 Education Low Medium High 11 4 4 6 2 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 12 7 3 5 4 2 HOUSING Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 8 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 7 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 5 9 5 7 7 5 7 8 3 4 9 7 8 3 6 9 8 5 5 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 4 6 2 3 5 4 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 126 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 64 33 30 58 39 21 60 34 51 46 48 42 52 40 71 44 46 82 35 45 17 3 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree social-ecological transformation 127 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 97 98 96 100 97 96 96 99 98 92 97 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 97 99 99 99 98 97 96 97 99 90 99 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 94 98 92 99 96 94 93 95 90 90 98 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 94 97 98 91 97 96 98 97 86 87 99 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 93 88 91 97 92 93 94 90 90 94 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 90 92 92 94 96 89 89 84 86 89 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 80 90 80 91 86 86 77 78 67 80 78 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 128 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 97 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 97 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 94 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 94 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 80 Gender Male Female 95 98 96 98 93 95 94 95 91 93 87 92 77 83 18-29 92 96 88 92 87 88 80 30-39 98 98 93 93 89 87 76 Age(years) 40-49 97 98 97 96 93 94 84 50-59 98 98 97 97 94 91 78 60-69 100 97 95 94 96 90 84 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 129 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… Response category:„Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 97 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 97 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 94 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 94 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 92 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 80 Education Low Medium High 96 98 96 97 98 97 94 95 94 93 96 96 94 94 87 88 92 91 80 82 79 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 96 97 95 99 97 96 96 94 92 97 94 93 94 93 87 88 90 89 85 80 76 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 130 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… Response category:„Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 64 67 67 67 69 46 65 62 70 52 77 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 60 65 54 62 63 43 59 67 57 60 71 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 58 63 61 70 68 38 56 58 46 57 74 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 52 58 44 49 46 42 54 50 58 56 63 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 46 46 52 52 65 30 44 48 33 43 63 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 52 43 51 52 31 45 42 35 45 51 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 35 39 28 44 44 26 30 40 28 40 41 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 131 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.... Response category:„Fully agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 64 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 60 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 58 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 52 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 46 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 35 Gender Male Female 60 67 57 62 57 59 49 55 46 47 39 48 32 38 18-29 57 49 55 46 47 41 34 30-39 64 65 56 51 45 44 37 Age(years) 40-49 66 61 57 54 45 43 35 50-59 67 61 57 53 48 44 32 60-69 63 62 66 56 48 48 38 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 132 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.… Response category:„Fully agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 64 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 60 ...the development of energy communities should be supported by the government. 58 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 52 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community. 46 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 35 Education Low Medium High 66 64 61 61 59 59 56 60 59 56 55 44 41 50 50 40 47 46 37 34 34 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 62 65 62 56 62 59 52 60 60 53 53 45 36 49 48 36 47 44 36 36 33 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 133 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping your community‘s energy supply? 18 2 25 55 80 Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Could you imagine generating your own energy? 9 28 21 60 89 I already generate my own energy Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all How would you evaluate the construction of a solar park or a wind park in your community if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar park 1 25 Wind park 5 31 64 74 I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it social-ecological transformation 134 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping your community's energy supply(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or through a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 80 92 92 88 86 80 80 61 68 74 83 25 25 29 40 36 14 18 26 20 23 29 55 67 63 48 51 66 62 36 48 50 54 20 8 8 12 14 20 20 39 32 26 17 18 8 8 9 14 18 18 37 27 22 13 2 0- 3- 1 3 2 4 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 135 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping your community's energy supply(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or through a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 80 25 55 20 18 2 Gender Male Female 81 78 28 22 53 56 19 22 16 20 3 2 18-29 78 28 51 22 20 2 30-39 81 23 58 19 16 2 Age(years) 40-49 85 27 58 15 14 1 50-59 82 25 56 18 17 2 60-69 71 20 51 29 23 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 136 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping your community's energy supply(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or through a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 80 25 55 20 18 2 Education Low Medium High 79 79 82 26 23 25 52 56 57 21 21 18 18 18 17 3 2 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 79 80 84 29 24 28 50 56 56 21 20 16 20 18 14 1 3 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 137 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 81 89 85 91 75 77 82 85 74 72 86 60 66 62 79 53 57 59 63 47 48 71 21 22 22 12 22 20 22 22 27 25 16 11 4 9 3 9 15 11 9 21 20 5 9 4 8 2 9 14 8 8 17 15 3 2- 1 1- 1 3 2 4 5 2 8 8 6 6 17 8 8 6 5 7 8 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 138 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 81 60 21 11 9 2 8 Gender Male Female 81 82 59 61 22 21 11 12 9 9 2 2 8 7 18-29 79 61 18 13 12 2 8 30-39 78 60 18 12 9 3 10 Age(years) 40-49 88 73 16 5 4 1 7 50-59 82 58 24 9 8 1 10 60-69 77 45 32 19 14 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 139 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 81 60 21 11 9 2 8 Education Low Medium High 78 86 80 56 61 65 22 25 16 14 9 10 11 6 10 2 3 1 8 5 10 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 87 81 80 63 59 65 24 22 16 9 11 8 7 9 7 2 2 1 4 8 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 140 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your community if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 74 86 77 82 76 63 70 73 69 69 83 25 13 23 18 24 34 28 27 28 30 16 1 1 1-- 3 1- 3 2 1 64 78 59 62 64 62 65 64 56 63 70 31 19 36 35 30 32 30 33 35 35 29 5 3 6 2 6 6 4 3 9 2 1 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 141 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your community if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 74 25 1 64 31 5 Gender Male Female 75 73 24 25 1 2 66 63 30 32 4 5 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 69 75 77 75 74 29 25 22 23 25 1 1 1 2 1 62 65 69 65 61 33 32 27 30 35 6 3 4 5 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 142 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your community if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 74 25 1 64 31 5 Education Low Medium High 71 77 74 27 22 25 2 1 1 62 67 64 33 29 32 5 4 4 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 70 73 82 28 26 17 2 2 1 60 65 66 35 30 31 5 5 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 143 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement 70 Through bans 14 Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal 4 None of the above options, there are alternatives 12 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. social-ecological transformation 144 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 70 70 76 72 66 73 76 54 76 56 81 14 12 9 16 12 15 9 19 16 22 8 4 6 6 3 10 2 3 13 1 3 1 12 11 9 9 12 10 12 15 7 19 10 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 145 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 70 14 4 12 Gender Male Female 71 70 17 11 4 4 8 15 18-29 59 18 12 12 30-39 70 15 3 12 Age(years) 40-49 71 13 2 14 50-59 77 13 2 8 60-69 74 11 4 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 146 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through bans Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 70 14 4 12 Education Low Medium High 63 75 76 21 10 7 5 3 5 11 12 12 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 62 73 74 20 14 10 5 4 5 13 10 11 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 147 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? Yes Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes No Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important 42 80 38 15 20 5 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. social-ecological transformation 148 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 80 88 83 79 82 75 82 84 78 73 80 42 55 45 36 40 34 46 39 40 41 44 38 33 38 43 42 42 36 45 37 32 37 20 12 17 21 18 25 18 16 22 27 20 15 10 13 16 15 13 13 13 14 22 17 5 2 4 5 3 12 5 2 9 6 3 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 149 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 80 42 38 20 15 5 Gender Male Female 82 79 44 40 38 38 18 21 14 15 5 6 18-29 79 39 40 21 16 5 30-39 78 38 40 22 18 4 Age(years) 40-49 85 48 37 15 9 6 50-59 76 39 37 24 16 8 60-69 81 45 37 19 15 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 150 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important for you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 80 42 38 20 15 5 Education Low Medium High 79 81 80 40 44 43 39 38 38 21 19 20 15 14 14 6 4 6 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 74 80 85 35 42 46 40 38 39 26 20 15 16 15 11 10 5 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 5 Information interest and level of knowledge social-ecological transformation 152 Main findings Information interest and level of knowledge Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate • 89% of respondents express a fundamental interest in the topic of climate change. Of these, 38% are"very" interested. Less interest was expressed by 10% and no interest at all by 1% of respondents. • 58% rate their level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(e.g. forest dieback, biodiversity, etc.) as(rather) high. However, only 8% rate their level of knowledge as"very high" A(rather) low level of knowledge is attested by 42%, with 2% saying they know very little. Information interest and level of knowledge: Policy measures • Only 5% of respondents feel"very well" informed about policy measures for a shift towards a more climate and environmentally friendly economy. 55% feel"rather well" informed. This compares to 39% who feel"rather not well" informed and 1% who feel"not at all well" informed. • 73% of respondents think that policy measures for a change towards a more climate and environmentally friendly economy are insufficiently explained and clarified. Only 27% disagree(policy measures are sufficiently explained: yes: 2%, rather yes: 25%). social-ecological transformation 153 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? 38 Interest I am very interested in it I am rather interested 89 51 How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? High Very high Rather high 8 50 58 No interest I am less interested I am not interested in it at all 10 11 1 Low Rather low Very low 40 42 2 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. social-ecological transformation 154 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 89 92 96 88 92 85 90 91 82 83 96 38 40 47 37 50 24 34 44 28 32 51 51 51 49 51 42 61 56 48 54 50 44 11 8 4 12 8 15 10 9 18 17 4 10 7 4 11 8 14 9 6 17 16 3 1 1- 1- 1 0 3 2 1 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 155 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 89 38 51 11 10 1 Gender Male Female 88 90 38 38 50 52 12 10 10 9 1 1 18-29 82 32 50 18 17 2 30-39 83 31 52 17 16 1 Age(years) 40-49 92 39 54 8 7 1 50-59 92 42 50 8 6 1 60-69 96 46 50 4 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 156 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 89 38 51 11 10 1 Education Low Medium High 86 91 92 36 38 42 50 53 51 14 9 8 13 8 7 1 1 0 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 83 90 93 31 41 41 52 49 52 17 10 7 14 10 7 3 1 0 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 157 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 58 59 73 58 60 49 51 61 44 58 70 8 11 9 10 10 4 6 7 4 9 10 50 48 64 48 49 45 45 54 40 49 61 42 41 27 42 40 51 49 39 56 42 30 40 39 27 42 39 48 48 38 55 37 29 2 2-- 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 158 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 58 8 50 42 40 2 Gender Male Female 65 51 8 7 56 44 35 49 34 46 1 2 18-29 58 11 47 42 39 3 30-39 54 7 46 46 44 2 Age(years) 40-49 60 8 52 40 38 1 50-59 61 5 56 39 38 1 60-69 55 7 48 45 44 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 159 Information interest and level of knowledge: Climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 58 8 50 42 40 2 Education Low Medium High 53 56 66 8 6 9 46 50 58 47 44 34 45 42 33 2 2 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 56 59 62 10 8 6 47 51 56 44 41 38 42 39 37 2 2 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 160 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? Good Very well informed Somewhat informed Not good Not very well informed Not informed at all Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 5 Yes 55 60 Yes, the policy measures are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes No 39 40 Rather no No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified 1 2 25 27 57 73 16 social-ecological transformation 161 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 60 59 68 62 57 58 51 68 38 69 73 5 6 5 4 10 2 3 9- 8 6 55 53 63 58 46 56 48 59 38 60 67 40 41 32 38 43 42 49 32 62 31 27 39 40 31 38 43 40 48 29 61 29 27 1 1 0 1- 3 1 3 2 2 0 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 162 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 60 5 55 40 39 1 Gender Male Female 63 57 5 5 58 52 37 43 35 42 2 1 18-29 62 9 53 38 34 4 30-39 57 6 52 43 42 0 Age(years) 40-49 63 5 58 37 36 1 50-59 56 2 54 44 42 2 60-69 60 4 56 40 40 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 163 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 60 5 55 40 39 1 Education Low Medium High 59 58 64 6 4 5 53 54 59 41 42 36 40 41 35 2 2 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 56 61 67 5 4 8 51 57 59 44 39 33 41 38 32 3 1 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 164 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Rather yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 27 31 21 32 36 28 16 32 21 42 23 2 1 2 2 7 1 2 2- 4 2 25 31 19 30 29 28 14 30 21 38 21 73 69 79 68 64 72 84 68 79 58 77 57 54 62 54 49 55 69 52 59 47 57 16 15 17 14 15 17 16 16 20 12 21 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 165 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total 27 2 25 73 57 16 Gender Male Female 32 23 2 2 30 21 68 77 54 59 13 18 18-29 39 4 35 61 49 11 30-39 28 3 25 72 57 15 Age(years) 40-49 24 1 23 76 62 14 50-59 24 1 23 76 53 24 60-69 23 2 21 77 60 17 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 166 Information interest and level of knowledge: Policies In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, the policies are insufficiently explained and clarified Total 27 2 25 73 57 16 Education Low Medium High 36 22 22 3 2 1 33 20 20 64 78 78 50 60 62 14 18 17 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 38 26 28 4 2 1 34 24 27 62 74 72 48 57 54 15 17 18 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 6 Appendix: Communication social-ecological transformation 168 Topic interest in general Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Health Holiday, Travel Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink Science and technology Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Sustainable consumption Current affairs Family, children and child education Photography, filming Decoration and furniture Business, professions Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 64 62 62 54 51 46 46 45 45 43 43 42 41 40 Psychology, spirituality, well-being Nutrition Garden and plants Fashion Information from the region, regional news Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Cosmetics and Beauty Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Wellness Stars, Celebrities 38 37 37 33 31 31 29 29 29 29 26 18 12 social-ecological transformation 169 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Health Holiday, Travel Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink Science and technology Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Sustainable consumption Current affairs Family, children and child education Photography, filming Decoration and furniture Business, professions Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 64 70 73 68 54 62 74 72 76 68 62 63 76 61 50 54 66 60 55 63 51 57 46 58 51 46 58 49 47 50 46 51 53 45 40 45 56 36 51 42 45 56 52 46 43 43 47 55 42 43 43 54 31 58 38 42 47 43 46 44 41 45 41 51 39 40 41 36 38 46 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 53 64 67 58 63 58 56 67 66 48 55 47 42 58 52 46 51 33 29 50 52 45 43 39 31 44 44 39 44 41 36 38 61 38 44 37 34 47 36 41 43 33 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 62 61 71 44 54 63 59 54 61 43 44 68 45 44 57 32 45 54 47 41 55 37 50 49 41 33 58 37 30 53 37 36 47 32 45 45 40 32 47 36 38 47 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 170 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Nutrition Garden and plants Fashion Information from the region, regional news Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Cosmetics and Beauty Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Wellness Stars, Celebrities Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 38 45 38 44 42 31 39 38 35 30 45 37 47 30 36 42 29 37 44 31 38 42 37 42 39 42 37 31 32 43 38 36 39 33 37 31 54 34 28 33 37 19 24 42 31 40 31 36 23 21 33 35 31 25 33 31 42 22 40 36 31 30 28 30 35 25 29 39 22 40 39 28 28 23 24 32 25 29 32 33 35 34 25 28 21 19 26 42 29 45 21 47 38 28 31 18 21 22 27 29 37 19 39 42 36 26 23 26 22 32 26 32 13 31 26 33 27 23 27 24 28 18 23 21 18 19 23 20 8 11 14 20 12 16 6 14 20 12 11 11 8 9 15 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 171 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Health Holiday, Travel Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink Science and technology Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Sustainable consumption Current affairs Family, children and child education Photography, filming Decoration and furniture Business, professions Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 64 62 62 54 51 46 46 45 45 43 43 42 41 40 Gender Male Female 54 73 55 68 57 65 50 58 47 54 60 34 40 52 62 28 39 49 43 43 37 48 41 43 27 53 42 38 18-29 47 58 46 53 49 40 40 45 30 33 38 47 30 33 30-39 61 60 48 51 48 43 37 44 41 34 49 42 34 44 Age(years) 40-49 58 63 62 52 50 49 45 42 41 38 46 40 47 37 50-59 74 61 70 56 58 44 55 46 54 52 44 40 42 42 60-69 81 68 81 61 48 56 53 45 55 59 38 40 48 42 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 172 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Nutrition Garden and plants Fashion Information from the region, regional news Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Cosmetics and Beauty Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Wellness Stars, Celebrities Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 38 37 37 33 31 31 29 29 29 29 26 18 12 Gender Male Female 24 51 26 48 28 46 12 51 33 28 42 21 40 19 7 48 35 23 41 19 41 13 10 24 8 15 18-29 40 32 25 39 15 38 28 31 28 40 25 15 18 30-39 43 35 31 33 21 29 25 30 30 31 25 16 15 Age(years) 40-49 29 34 34 30 27 31 30 29 32 30 29 18 8 50-59 46 44 43 29 42 28 29 24 27 24 29 22 11 60-69 33 40 53 35 47 29 33 31 26 23 22 15 8 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 173 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Health Holiday, Travel Environment and nature Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Food and drink Science and technology Wildlife, animals and pets Sport Sustainable consumption Current affairs Family, children and child education Photography, filming Decoration and furniture Business, professions Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 64 62 62 54 51 46 46 45 45 43 43 42 41 40 Education Low Medium High 62 66 66 53 66 71 57 64 65 45 61 60 48 55 49 36 52 56 44 50 47 43 48 42 40 47 49 31 48 56 47 40 39 36 46 46 37 41 46 35 40 46 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 63 64 67 50 63 70 57 63 64 50 54 55 44 53 51 35 48 58 45 48 44 32 47 53 43 44 51 30 45 53 43 43 38 41 41 42 39 41 36 36 41 42 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 174 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics you are personally interested in. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Nutrition Garden and plants Fashion Information from the region, regional news Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Cosmetics and Beauty Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Wellness Stars, Celebrities Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 38 37 37 33 31 31 29 29 29 29 26 18 12 Education Low Medium High 35 37 42 36 38 37 34 41 40 29 32 40 28 34 32 34 32 26 32 29 26 24 30 35 21 31 38 32 27 27 28 29 20 12 17 26 9 13 15 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 40 37 38 37 36 39 39 38 31 31 33 33 25 32 35 33 30 32 27 31 28 30 28 28 19 31 37 28 29 32 26 28 25 13 18 19 16 11 11 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 175 Consumer interests For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel PC/Tablet/Smartphone Eating out(restaurants) Clothing/Fashion Cars Coffee/tea Furniture Kitchen furniture and equipment Donations for charitable purposes Cosmetics/Perfume Wine/Champagne Do-it-yourself/ garden tools Bicycle Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 44 25 24 19 16 16 13 13 13 12 9 9 8 Delicatessen-high quality food Beer (Wrist)Watches High quality jewellery Costume jewellery High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Antiques Handbags Exclusive accessories Porcelain/ Glasswork None of these products 8 8 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 25 social-ecological transformation 176 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel PC/Tablet/Smartphone Eating out(restaurants) Clothing/Fashion Cars Coffee/tea Furniture Kitchen furniture and equipment Donations for charitable purposes Cosmetics/Perfume Wine/Champagne Do-it-yourself/ garden tools Bicycle Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 44 51 52 56 57 25 32 26 43 37 24 17 28 45 26 19 20 12 29 23 16 15 7 24 26 16 11 14 22 15 13 12 14 15 15 13 10 12 20 14 13 16 11 18 11 12 16 8 17 9 9 9 8 8 7 9 8 9 9 9 8 13 10 9 10 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 51 41 37 23 15 28 20 25 21 17 14 22 18 11 13 15 14 24 16 9 11 11 11 17 10 10 20 13 12 12 12 8 9 7 8 10 6 6 5 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 25 38 45 14 22 29 13 26 26 14 26 20 12 21 15 13 18 12 12 15 10 12 8 15 10 11 15 6 13 13 7 15 8 10 10 12 3 12 12 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 177 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Delicatessen-high quality food Beer (Wrist) Watches High quality jewellery Costume jewellery High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Antiques Handbags Exclusive accessories Porcelain/ Glasswork None of these products Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 8 13 6 16 9 4 9 6 5 12 6 8 6 6 8 17 7 6 5 10 10 7 6 8 5 10 4 6 6 8 1 9 5 5 7 4 12 11 4 1 7 1 5 3 5 2 4 6 5 7 1 5 4 8 9 5 2 3 12 10 9 2 2 4 4 8 5 3 2 7 8 5 1 5 3 4 10 4 6 3 8 9 8 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 2 4 8 3 2 4 3 6 8 4 8 4 2 11 5 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 4 5 1 3- 4 0 25 12 28 13 22 24 34 24 41 23 20 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 178 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel PC/Tablet/Smartphone Eating out(restaurants) Clothing/Fashion Cars Coffee/tea Furniture Kitchen furniture and equipment Donations for charitable purposes Cosmetics/Perfume Wine/Champagne Do-it-yourself/ garden tools Bicycle Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 44 25 24 19 16 16 13 13 13 12 9 9 8 Gender Male Female 41 47 32 19 23 25 18 20 20 12 16 15 11 14 9 16 12 14 8 14 13 5 12 6 11 5 18-29 55 47 28 29 27 14 22 18 14 18 9 5 10 30-39 46 26 23 19 15 21 13 11 11 11 7 11 9 Age(years) 40-49 44 22 26 18 16 15 12 16 11 11 9 10 10 50-59 43 18 24 15 9 14 12 10 17 13 11 9 10 60-69 34 13 18 14 11 16 5 7 11 5 10 11 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 179 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Delicatessen-high quality food Beer (Wrist) Watches High quality jewellery Costume jewellery High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Antiques Handbags Exclusive accessories Porcelain/Glasswork None of these products Total 8 8 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 25 Gender Male Female 6 10 13 3 7 5 5 5 3 6 7 4 6 3 6 4 2 6 4 4 2 2 22 28 18-29 10 12 7 9 8 7 6 4 6 7 3 10 30-39 8 8 5 7 4 7 4 3 4 4 1 23 Age(years) 40-49 10 8 5 3 6 5 5 6 3 4 2 23 50-59 6 8 8 4 5 6 4 6 4 6 4 28 60-69 6 4 6 2 3 3 3 2 5 1 2 42 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 180 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Holidays and travel PC/Tablet/Smartphone Eating out(restaurants) Clothing/Fashion Cars Coffee/tea Furniture Kitchen furniture and equipment Donations for charitable purposes Cosmetics/Perfume Wine/Champagne Do-it-yourself/ garden tools Bicycle Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 44 25 24 19 16 16 13 13 13 12 9 9 8 Education Low Medium High 38 44 53 26 24 25 23 23 26 23 16 17 20 14 11 20 13 12 15 11 12 16 10 10 14 12 13 12 12 10 9 8 11 9 12 8 8 10 8 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 37 43 56 27 24 29 21 23 29 19 17 22 16 15 20 21 16 14 12 13 10 13 13 11 12 11 19 11 11 14 11 8 13 10 10 10 5 8 10 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 181 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. Delicatessen-high quality food Beer (Wrist) Watches High quality jewellery Costume jewellery High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Antiques Handbags Exclusive accessories Porcelain/ Glasswork None of these products Total 8 8 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 25 Education Low Medium High 8 8 9 9 6 8 6 7 6 6 4 4 7 4 4 6 5 5 5 4 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 2 2 21 31 26 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 7 8 9 8 9 8 5 5 10 2 5 6 7 4 4 7 5 5 5 4 6 7 4 5 4 4 5 4 3 7 4 1 5 24 26 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 182 Media use Now we would like to know your habits and ways of using media. How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online? Internet(not social media) Communication/messenger services (e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme Radio TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) 77 14 4 2 31 72 15 6 2 4 2 73 13 5 2 4 3 48 21 10 3 13 5 46 20 13 5 12 5 29 21 15 5 13 16 21 19 18 9 21 12 25 19 12 5 20 20 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Daily newspaper Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Journals, magazines 25 16 12 7 25 14 12 18 20 11 27 11 16 18 16 11 27 12 Books/Audiobooks 16 16 16 14 27 11 Computer games/video games 16 16 10 7 26 24 Online media libraries of TV channels 9 10 13 8 31 30 Cinema 3 4 11 25 48 8 Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs 13 6 7 41 42 Daily Several times a week Several times a month About once a month Rare Never social-ecological transformation 183 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"At least several times a month" Internet(not social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme Radio TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Journals, magazines Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Total EST INT PER COS 95 99 99 96 98 93 98 95 97 97 91 99 85 100 94 80 81 84 71 66 79 84 84 75 78 65 73 56 74 77 58 66 54 64 68 56 66 54 57 77 54 56 57 53 64 51 51 47 57 54 50 48 53 47 65 48 57 59 46 51 42 47 33 52 49 32 40 27 39 39 18 24 13 19 23 10 11 8 9 16 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 95 96 89 89 95 92 91 95 89 86 83 73 81 80 74 70 63 56 62 45 58 61 49 54 59 50 58 56 52 52 58 49 49 44 45 43 46 41 41 35 26 36 22 13 17 9 10 14 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 93 92 94 87 90 95 85 85 95 80 79 84 74 75 80 47 66 75 48 58 61 38 52 62 45 52 52 34 60 51 41 50 49 42 42 52 39 47 33 25 36 23 8 26 20 5 15 8 strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 184 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"At least several times a month" Internet(not social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme Radio TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Journals, magazines Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 95 93 91 80 79 65 58 56 54 51 50 48 42 32 18 10 Gender Male Female 96 94 91 95 90 92 83 76 80 77 65 64 60 55 60 52 58 50 51 51 58 43 40 54 51 34 37 27 21 16 13 8 18-29 95 94 94 64 69 84 68 80 49 44 41 47 57 38 20 13 30-39 98 99 88 74 74 71 57 59 49 50 43 47 40 26 18 5 Age(years) 40-49 95 94 94 85 83 68 64 58 54 54 56 46 40 35 18 12 50-59 90 90 91 84 82 55 55 48 58 53 56 49 39 33 16 11 60-69 96 89 89 89 84 47 42 34 59 54 54 50 35 27 18 10 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 185 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"At least several times a month" Internet(not social media) Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme Radio TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Daily newspaper Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Journals, magazines Books/Audiobooks Computer games/video games Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 95 93 91 80 79 65 58 56 54 51 50 48 42 32 18 10 Education Low Medium High 91 96 99 91 92 97 89 93 93 76 81 84 73 82 83 60 68 68 61 52 59 51 54 64 54 54 56 50 50 54 47 51 55 40 46 62 44 41 40 38 28 27 18 20 16 14 7 9 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 91 96 97 91 93 95 91 92 92 72 83 82 72 81 81 60 64 71 64 55 56 53 53 65 50 56 57 56 48 62 44 52 55 45 47 53 50 40 43 38 31 33 19 18 15 14 10 10 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 186 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? 66 72 63 17 14 26 12 31 19 22 39 39 21 26 2 3 9 8 15 44 47 53 62 90 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. Frequently Occasionally Never social-ecological transformation 187 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ Facebook YouTube Instagram TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Twitter Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 72 76 66 71 63 69 77 74 70 73 75 66 78 47 78 71 65 51 72 56 67 77 63 76 63 62 76 61 62 56 48 63 74 26 29 14 39 40 27 13 30 28 26 29 17 17 11 24 35 12 17 20 7 18 22 14 15 13 23 21 12 15 6 7 16 16 12 10 6 21 30 13 9 11 11 10 12 2-- 2 6 1- 5 2 6 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 188 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ Facebook YouTube Instagram TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Twitter Tumblr Total 72 66 63 26 17 14 12 2 Gender Male Female 68 76 69 62 53 72 28 25 10 24 16 12 18 7 3 1 18-29 46 80 87 52 23 14 26 6 30-39 74 76 70 29 15 13 12 2 Age(years) 40-49 81 66 60 16 14 17 10 2 50-59 78 56 53 20 13 14 9 2 60-69 79 49 48 17 22 10 6 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 189 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„Frequently“ Facebook YouTube Instagram TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Twitter Tumblr Total 72 66 63 26 17 14 12 2 Education Low Medium High 72 74 69 69 60 64 58 63 70 34 22 19 14 17 21 11 11 21 13 11 13 5 0 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 71 75 68 68 64 61 64 60 72 37 22 22 17 15 19 12 13 18 14 12 12 3 2 1 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 190 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally“ YouTube Facebook Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn TikTok Twitter Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 97 99 93 97 94 98 96 95 97 97 98 91 90 87 91 85 92 94 88 91 93 94 85 92 77 89 90 90 84 82 72 87 90 56 56 49 54 69 56 52 60 35 67 68 53 51 49 60 66 60 46 41 35 68 61 47 54 36 54 58 50 35 51 39 56 53 38 44 34 42 51 44 24 33 36 49 38 10 9 5 12 27 9 5 13 4 20 10 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 191 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally“ YouTube Facebook Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn TikTok Twitter Tumblr Total 97 91 85 56 53 47 38 10 Gender Male Female 97 96 90 92 79 90 44 67 55 51 50 45 50 28 12 9 18-29 99 81 95 66 53 68 58 19 30-39 98 92 88 51 50 53 36 10 Age(years) 40-49 98 94 88 58 55 43 31 10 50-59 97 94 76 53 54 41 36 11 60-69 91 93 78 52 52 36 34 4 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 192 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally" YouTube Facebook Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn TikTok Twitter Tumblr Total 97 91 85 56 53 47 38 10 Education Low Medium High 97 96 96 90 92 90 84 86 85 52 55 63 45 51 66 53 49 38 42 38 33 14 10 8 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 98 97 95 89 93 90 86 83 85 60 53 58 44 54 63 60 45 41 41 39 36 16 10 10 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 193 Communication expectations When you think about what you use media for, e.g. newspapers, magazines, Internet, television, radio etc. and what you expect from it, which of the statements below apply to you? It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. 80 18 2 61 34 41 67 28 41 46 46 62 44 46 91 32 56 93 37 48 13 2 26 48 18 8 Applies completely Somewhat applies Mostly doesn’t apply Doesn’t apply at all social-ecological transformation 194 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 98 100 99 99 100 97 100 99 96 91 100 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 95 94 95 100 95 96 96 93 88 94 99 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. 95 98 90 97 97 96 93 95 93 96 96 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 92 97 88 94 89 97 96 90 93 86 95 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 90 90 89 94 88 91 90 90 82 82 98 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 88 93 90 87 94 94 86 85 83 86 89 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get my information elsewhere. 85 90 78 84 88 85 86 86 87 85 81 74 81 70 80 76 81 70 71 65 73 77 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 195 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 98 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 95 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. 95 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 92 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 90 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 88 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 85 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get my information elsewhere. 74 Gender Male Female 97 99 94 95 93 96 92 93 89 90 89 88 83 86 73 75 18-29 95 90 93 90 86 87 78 76 30-39 98 94 96 90 87 82 84 75 Age(years) 40-49 98 96 96 92 88 86 85 74 50-59 99 96 93 95 90 93 87 77 60-69 100 97 98 95 96 94 91 68 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 196 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„Applies completely/ Somewhat applies“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get my information elsewhere. Total 98 95 95 92 90 88 85 74 Education Low Medium High 96 99 99 92 96 98 96 95 93 92 92 94 88 93 88 88 89 89 87 84 83 76 70 75 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 96 98 99 91 95 97 94 95 94 90 93 91 88 90 88 88 88 90 84 86 80 79 72 75 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 197 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 80 78 92 90 84 58 82 85 76 64 95 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. 67 75 58 79 70 43 66 75 71 58 83 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 61 60 68 68 68 46 64 62 50 50 76 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 46 43 45 60 48 36 44 49 39 44 52 44 46 44 53 51 25 40 51 34 39 62 37 33 32 42 47 27 42 39 41 39 29 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 32 27 31 46 36 19 27 42 30 30 44 In social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get information elsewhere. 26 19 31 34 30 20 20 26 28 30 29 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 198 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 80 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. 67 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 61 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 46 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 44 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 37 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 32 In social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get information elsewhere. 26 Gender Male Female 77 82 62 72 56 64 41 50 40 47 32 41 30 35 26 27 18-29 74 60 59 48 45 37 33 16 30-39 76 65 59 42 38 36 24 26 Age(years) 40-49 83 68 62 43 41 36 33 26 50-59 79 64 60 47 44 36 36 31 60-69 86 78 62 49 49 39 35 33 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation 199 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:“Applies completely“ It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me-I'm careful about that. I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. In social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends-I get information elsewhere. Total 80 67 61 46 44 37 32 26 Education Low Medium High 73 83 85 70 68 62 53 62 70 48 44 43 44 44 43 40 36 33 35 32 29 28 25 26 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% (<554€) Medium 60-140% (554-1.294€) High>140% (>1.294€) 73 79 90 61 69 65 54 60 68 44 45 47 43 43 46 39 36 36 30 34 32 26 26 30 Basis: 1,200 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented social-ecological transformation Imprint social-ecological transformation 201 Contact persons Dr Christoph Schleer Associate Director Research& Consulting christoph.schleer@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-27 Naima Wisniewski Research& Consulting naima.wisniewski@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-54 © Copyright 2023 SINUS Market and Social Research GmbH This work is protected by copyright. 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