Socio-ecological transformation SINUS Study for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Social-ecological transformation Country report Türkiye Heidelberg, September 2023 Teil der INTEGRAL-SINUS-OPINION Gruppe Socio-ecological transformation 2 Task and objectives Empirical survey to identify opposing and advocating groups of the social-ecological transformation • The world is undergoing far-reaching changes. There seems to be no end to reports of record heat, storms and forest fires. Climate policy has been dodged for a long time; progress must be made quickly in phasing out fossil fuels and building up an energy supply and industrial production based on renewable energy. • At the same time, the pressure for change increasingly affects citizens directly. The path to a climate-neutral economy is associated with enormous technological, economic and social challenges: The accelerated expansion of renewable energy, the heat and transport transition, and the structural change of the economy- all of this will increasingly affect citizens. • Against this background, the SINUS Institute conducted a large-scale population survey in Europe and North America on behalf of the Competence Centre for Climate and Social Justice of the Friedich-Ebert-Stiftung: across 19 countries, the research delved into the perceptions, interests, and concerns that individuals associate with the social-ecological transformation. The survey’s primary objective was twofold: first, to provide an encompassing overview of attitudes towards climate policy, and second, to explore the degree of receptivity among various social segments toward climate policy measures. To achieve the latter, the survey design incorporated the Sinus-Meta-Milieus target group model. • The study results are intended to stimulate public discussions and provide an in-depth analysis of the conditions under which the climateneutral transformation of national economies can succeed and be supported by broad public acceptance. Based on these analyses, developing country- and milieu-specific communication strategies that address the population's different interests and fears and appropriately address them through suitable forms of communication is essential. Socio-ecological transformation 3 Table of contents 01 02 03 Method and sample 04 Problem awareness  Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection  Relevance of environmental policy fields of action  Relevance of climate change as a topic  Attitudes towards climate change  Consequences of climate change- Anxiety scale Climate and environmentallyconscious behaviour  Attitudes towards climate and environmentallyconscious behaviour  Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour  Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour 05 06 Changing our way of living and doing business  Assessing the need for change  Attribution of responsibility  Attitudes towards policies  Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Interest in information and level of knowledge  Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate  Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies Appendix: Communication  Topic interest in general  Consumer interests  Media use  Communication expectations Socio-ecological transformation 1 Method and sample Socio-ecological transformation Methodology and sample Method Standardised online survey (CAWI) Quota sample(gender, age, education and region) The interviews were conducted in the national language. Data collection Ø Interview duration: 22 minutes The data collection was carried out by Sociotrend GmbH. Target group Resident population aged from 18 to 69 years Sample size 1,201 persons Survey period 30.05.- 04.07.2023 5 Survey contents • Awareness of environmental, nature and climate protection issues • Climate and environmentallyconscious behaviour: Attitudes, barriers and motivators • Attitudes towards change in lifestyles and economies: Necessity of change, Attribution of responsibility and political measures • Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate change, ecological contexts and political measures Socio-ecological transformation 6 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • This report presents the survey results for Türkiye. The key findings are presented in graphs and diagrams. For better readability and comprehensibility, the percentages have been rounded to whole numbers. • The data set was examined for differences in the response behaviour of different population groups and presented in tabular form. The sociodemographic characteristics gender, age, education and net equivalent income were taken into account. • Gender: female, male (The answer category„non-binary" was taken into account in the survey, but not evaluated due to too small a number of cases). • Age groups: 18- to 29-year-olds, 30- to 39-year-olds, 40- to 49-year-olds, 50- to 59-year-olds, 60- to 69-year-olds • Education groups: low: "Okul eğitimi veya mesleki eğitim yok(henüz)" or"İlkokul" or"Mesleki Ortaokul mezunu" or"Teknik Ortaokul mezunu" or"Genel Ortaokul mezunu"; m edium: "Kalfalık ve Ustalık programları" or"Mesleki Lise Diploması" or"Teknik Lise Diploması" or"Genel Lise Diploması"; high: "Yükseköğretim/ Üniversite eğitimi" • Net equivalent income*: low: less than 60% of median income; medium: 60% to 140% of median income; high: more than 140% of the median income * weighted according to the OECD scale. This results in a means-weighted per capita net income. The calculated equivalised income was divided into three groups(below 60%, 60%-140%, above 140% of median income) Net equivalent income is net income weighted according to the number and age of persons living in the household. To calculate the net equivalent income, the household net income is divided by the number of persons using the median values available from Eurostat(2021). In Türkiye there was the special case that the median value of 2021 available at Eurostat could not be used due to the particularly high inflation in Türkiye. Therefore, the median of the sample was used here to divide into the three groups. Socio-ecological transformation 7 Methodology and sample Evaluation of the survey results • In addition to the differentiation according to socio-demographic characteristics, the data was analysed according to the milieu affiliation of the respondents. By evaluating the findings according to the Sinus-Meta-Milieus, the socio-demographic analysis is supplemented by lifestyle and value components. • The milieu perspective does not replace the study of socio-demographic characteristics, but complements and refines them by taking into account basic values that determine lifestyle and life goals as well as everyday attitudes to family, work, leisure and consumption. • Established test procedures of empirical social research were used to examine the statistical significance of survey results. The differences in the response behaviour of the analysed population groups were checked by means of a chi-square test(e.g. age group of 18 to 29 years compared to the average). This is based on a confidence interval of 95% or 99%, which is customary for social science purposes. • The examined characteristics are interpreted as overrepresented or underrepresented in the sample if the probability of this is at least 95%. Characteristics are considered to be strongly overrepresented or strongly underrepresented if a probability of 99% is applied. • The result of the significance test always depends on the group size. The larger the group(e.g. group of people with high educational qualifications), the more likely it is that even weak over- and under-representations can be shown to be significant. For this reason, it can happen in individual cases that identical numerical values are presented as differently over- or under-represented. Socio-ecological transformation 8 Demographic structure of the sample Gender Men Women 50 50 Age ø 39.9 years 18 to 29 years 30 to 39 years 40 to 49 years 50 to 59 years 60 to 69 years 28 23 21 16 12 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Marital status Single In partnership, living separately In partnership, living together Married/ registered partnership Living in separation/ divorced Widowed Persons in the household 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons and more 24 4 2 3 2 6 19 31 26 12 6 Educational qualification Low Medium High 65 Children in the household YES Yes, children aged 0-5 years Yes, children aged 6-13 Yes, children aged 14-17 Yes, children aged 18 and over (adult children) There are no children living in my household 26 33 41 65 17 32 24 19 35 Socio-ecological transformation 9 Demographic structure of the sample Occupational status In education In employment Manager or working in management Other employee Labourer Self-employed/entrepreneur Unemployed/Jobseeker Pensioner/retired Home-maker(m/f) 12 60 13 10 28 8 6 9 13 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Net household income Below 10.000 TRY 10,000-19,999 TRY 20,000-29,999 TRY 30,000-50,000 TRY 50.000-75.000 TRY 75.000-100.000 TRY Above 100,000 TRY Not specified 12 38 20 15 4 6 3 2 Size of residency(number of inhabitants) 39 20 25 19 6 Below 1.000 1.000 10.000 10.000- 100.000->1.000.000 100.000 1.000.000 I don't know Region İstanbul Batı Marmara Ege Doğu Marmara Batı Anadolu Akdeniz Orta Anadolu Batı Karadeniz Doğu Karadeniz Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Ortadoğu Anadolu Güneydoğu Anadolu 20 5 13 10 10 13 5 6 3 1 2 12 Socio-ecological transformation 10 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus ® in Türkiye 18- 69 year olds Social status Higher Middle Lower Basic Values Established 10% Intellectuals 8% Performers 11% Cosmopolitan Avantgarde 6% Traditionals 11% Conventional Mainstream 10% Adaptive Navigators 13% Progressive Realists 7% SensationOriented 15% Consumer Materialists 9% © SINUS Traditional Sense of Duty and Order Modernisation Individualisation, Self-actualisation, Pleasure Re-organisation Multiple Options, Experimentation, Paradoxes Socio-ecological transformation 11 The Sinus-Meta-Milieus ® Short summary Established Status-driven conservative elite: High self-confidence, traditional responsibility and performance ethics, exclusivity and status claims, acceptance of social order Intellectuals Academic elite with post-material beliefs: High affinity for enjoyment, sensuality, art and culture, critical of globalisation, advocate for justice and public welfare, taking responsibility for oneself and others, affinity for education and high quality of life Performers Efficiency- and progress-oriented modern elite: Global economic and liberal thinking, affinity for higher consumption, modern design, adopting, interest in technology and digital, competitive and careeroriented, networker, open to change Ambitious and individualistic avant-garde: Cosmopolitan, urban, Cosmopolitan mobile and flexible, digital nomads, lifestyle vanguards, pronounced Avantgarde self-expression, postmodern lifestyle elite, anti-mainstream, desire to stand out, joie de vivre, ambitious and success-oriented Progressive Realists Drivers of social transformation: Sustainable lifestyle but without renunciation, driving the global social transformation, progressive, optimistic, ease of dealing with contradictions, party and protest, seriousness and entertainment Adaptive Navigators SensationOriented Conventional Mainstream Traditionals ConsumerMaterialists Modern mainstream: Flexible pragmatists, young modern middle class, high willingness to adapt and perform, modern lifestyle, digital affinity, reliable and loyal, open to new – but tested and verified- things Materialistic- and entertainment-focused lower middle-class: Hedonistic, with focus on today, conspicuous consumption, unconcerned, open to risks, anti-bourgeois yet materialistic lifestyle, rejection of political correctness and conventions, looking for fun, action, entertainment, stimulation Harmony-seeking older middle-class: Desire for secure circumstances, fear of losing achievements, search for community, cohesion, social life, neighbourly support, distrust towards elites, feeling of being left out in favour of other groups, down to earth Order-seeking older generation: Petty bourgeois world, traditional working-class culture, desire for social security, harmony, consistency, voluntarily disconnection from modern lifestyle and digital culture, desire for simple, safe, down to earth Lower class striving for validation: Precarious living conditions, undemanding adaptation to necessities, desire for consumption standard of the middle class, defiant cohesion within their own community, fear of speed of change and being left behind Socio-ecological transformation 2 Problem awareness Socio-ecological transformation 13 Main findings Problem awareness Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection • Inflation and decreasing purchasing power is the most frequently mentioned of the five most important topics for Politicians(55%). Migration and integration of immigrants is mentioned second most often(43%). This is followed by the topics of economic development and competitiveness(37%), education, schools and universities(36%), more social justice(34%) and rule of law and fighting corruption(34%). The area of environmental, nature and climate protection is ranked among the five most important topics by 29% of the respondents. Relevance of environmental policy fields of action • Among the five biggest challenges for the preservation of our livelihoods, respondents most frequently rank climate change or climate-damaging emissions(49%), the development of green spaces(47%) and water pollution or water quality(44%). Increasing traffic and noise are least frequently seen as a priority field for environmental policy action (23%). Relevance of climate change as a topic • A clear majority of the population considers climate change to be a(very) important topic for Türkiye: On a scale from 0 "completely irrelevant" to 10"absolutely important", 82% of the respondents choose scale points 8 to 10, and a further 11% choose scale points 6 to 7. In contrast, only 2% of the respondents choose scale points 0 to 2. The scale average is 8.6. Socio-ecological transformation 14 Main findings Problem awareness Attitudes towards climate change • 96% of respondents believe that the destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. At the same time, 93% say they are afraid of the consequences of climate change. • Yet, 39% think that many things are exaggerated when it comes to the consequences of climate change. 62% believe that the focus should be on adaptation to the consequences of climate change rather than the mitigation of its root causes. • When asked if there are more important problems in Türkiye than climate change, 77% agree. Consequences of climate change • The increase in extreme weather events scares the population the most: 49% of respondents rank the increase in extreme weather events among the five consequences of climate change that scare them the most. With 44% each, economic damage and falling yields in agriculture rank second and third. The fourth most frequently mentioned effect is the lack of water in everyday life(43%), closely followed by the extinction of species in the animal and plant world (42%). Fewer respondents are afraid of military conflicts over raw materials and water(26%). Socio-ecological transformation 15 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for Politicians in Türkiye to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Inflation, declining purchasing power Migration and integration of immigrants Economic development and competitiveness Education, schools and universities More social justice Rule of law, fight against corruption Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Environmental, nature and climate protection Criminality, internal security Fair pensions and retirement provision Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Public health service and care Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 55 43 37 36 34 34 31 31 29 23 20 18 17 14 6 Socio-ecological transformation 16 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for Politicians in Türkiye to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Inflation, declining purchasing power Migration and integration of immigrants Economic development and competitiveness Education, schools and universities More social justice Rule of law, fight against corruption Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Environmental, nature and climate protection Criminality, internal security Fair pensions and retirement provision Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Public health service and care Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 55 71 66 53 37 43 45 52 48 31 37 40 29 38 27 36 44 43 35 24 34 27 46 38 18 34 31 54 33 18 31 51 29 34 29 31 30 28 29 21 29 33 28 30 41 23 20 23 20 25 20 18 20 25 17 18 20 9 17 14 17 10 15 22 19 14 6 14 18 22 6 4 2 9 10 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 50 64 61 39 54 42 49 34 36 33 42 41 25 42 40 34 58 33 26 28 40 25 29 43 32 18 27 25 22 20 18 25 15 18 8 21 20 12 12 16 11 6 11 2 4 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 64 40 46 45 36 40 29 37 35 43 24 39 48 25 27 35 19 35 26 20 39 35 37 24 24 33 30 29 20 26 18 25 16 7 32 25 19 23 17 8 25 13 4 11 4 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 17 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for Politicians in Türkiye to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Inflation, declining purchasing power Migration and integration of immigrants Economic development and competitiveness Education, schools and universities More social justice Rule of law, fight against corruption Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages Environmental, nature and climate protection Criminality, internal security Fair pensions and retirement provision Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Public health service and care Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 55 43 37 36 34 34 31 31 29 23 20 18 17 14 6 Gender Male Female 55 55 42 44 36 38 32 41 30 37 39 30 29 34 29 33 29 30 22 23 20 20 19 17 18 17 16 12 8 5 18-29 54 44 41 47 30 33 30 36 24 24 16 11 18 14 9 30-39 56 39 38 36 35 30 34 34 31 20 17 19 17 12 4 Age(years) 40-49 56 47 33 40 38 36 33 28 27 26 22 21 18 12 6 50-59 54 44 35 23 28 35 27 25 41 22 24 22 16 15 6 60-69 54 42 32 24 38 43 31 25 27 19 26 22 18 22 5 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 18 Importance of environmental, nature and climate protection Which of the following topics do you think are the most important for Politicians in Türkiye to take care of? Please select up to 5 topics. Inflation, declining purchasing power Migration and integration of immigrants Economic development and competitiveness Education, schools and universities More social justice Rule of law, fight against corruption Adequate and affordable housing Employment offers and fair wages environmental, nature and climate protection Criminality, internal security Fair pensions and retirement provision Secure energy supply and affordable energy prices Public health service and care Peace policy and stable relations with other countries Digitalisation Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 55 43 37 36 34 34 31 31 29 23 20 18 17 14 6 Education Low Medium High 44 71 70 32 52 62 36 40 34 27 51 46 29 38 40 23 42 57 31 36 29 30 34 30 34 20 27 21 25 25 22 18 16 24 12 8 21 11 14 17 8 12 8 4 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 65 61 43 44 48 37 42 39 32 40 42 27 37 35 30 31 39 32 43 30 26 34 29 31 23 30 32 20 22 24 20 16 24 12 17 21 17 16 20 11 9 22 4 6 9 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 19 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Environmental policy fields of action Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Development of green spaces Pollution of the water/water quality Waste in the environment and living environment Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Air pollution/air quality Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world State of the oceans Industrial agriculture Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 49 47 44 40 40 39 34 33 31 31 23 Socio-ecological transformation 20 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Development of green spaces Pollution of the water/water quality Waste in the environment and living environment Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Air pollution/air quality Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world State of the oceans Industrial agriculture Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 49 54 51 50 31 47 50 58 40 37 44 52 43 46 41 40 49 30 50 31 40 39 44 35 30 39 40 43 37 44 34 30 38 38 31 33 33 36 28 24 31 31 31 40 28 31 34 37 26 20 23 19 20 28 21 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 44 48 56 56 47 50 44 63 49 45 38 57 46 36 44 53 36 38 39 48 38 36 38 34 47 42 47 34 42 38 45 35 36 39 38 26 27 42 35 28 35 44 33 35 34 41 34 26 24 28 35 37 28 33 30 34 33 29 34 31 26 17 18 24 28 22 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 21 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Development of green spaces Pollution of the water/water quality Waste in the environment and living environment Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Air pollution/air quality Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world State of the oceans Industrial agriculture Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 47 44 40 40 39 34 33 31 31 23 Gender Male Female 46 52 47 47 44 43 40 41 41 40 37 40 36 32 31 34 31 32 32 30 24 22 18-29 42 46 46 35 39 43 34 34 28 29 26 30-39 49 48 40 42 37 39 31 31 34 31 22 Age(years) 40-49 55 50 43 46 44 35 36 31 29 33 22 50-59 54 42 55 40 42 36 32 37 31 31 18 60-69 51 52 29 40 43 36 43 30 36 35 23 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 22 Relevance of environmental policy fields of action In your opinion, which of the following topics are among the greatest challenges for the conservation of our livelihoods? Please select up to 5 from the list below. Climate change, climate-damaging emissions Development of green spaces Pollution of the water/water quality Waste in the environment and living environment Increasing consumption of energy and raw materials Air pollution/air quality Condition of the forests Species extinction in the animal and plant world State of the oceans Industrial agriculture Increasing traffic and noise Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 47 44 40 40 39 34 33 31 31 23 Education Low Medium High 47 51 54 43 54 52 41 50 46 37 43 47 37 41 49 37 41 41 34 34 37 34 32 29 31 30 31 28 31 40 24 21 19 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 50 52 44 49 54 41 47 42 44 36 43 39 41 42 38 37 42 36 40 30 37 36 32 32 25 32 32 32 30 31 26 21 23 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 23 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Türkiye? 82 4 3 2 56 7 8 1 0 0= completely irrelevant, can be forgotten Ø= 8,6 9 10 10= absolutely important, more important than anything else 11 2 2 3 (0-2)(3-4)(5)(6-7)(8-10) Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Socio-ecological transformation 24 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Türkiye? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 41 43 58 48 32 45 32 48 39 33 40 22 19 12 25 22 29 22 17 19 25 19 19 16 16 11 12 13 29 20 18 25 26 7 12 5 5 11 7 6 6 8 7 7 4 5 2 4 10 3 6 3 5 3 2 3 3 2 3 5 2 2 3 5 1 2 1 1- 2 1--- 1 2 1 1 1 3- 1-- 1-- 2 1 - 1 2--- 1- 1 ------- 1 1 1 -- 2 7- 1 1 3 2 8,6 8,6 8,9 8,7 7,8 8,9 8,5 8,8 8,3 8,4 8,7 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 25 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Türkiye? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 41 22 19 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 8,6 Gender Male Female 36 47 23 20 20 17 8 7 6 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 8,4 8,7 18-29 33 21 23 8 6 2 2 1 1 4 8,1 30-39 42 21 16 10 2 5 1 2 1 0 8,6 Age(years) 40-49 47 20 12 7 8 4 0 0 1 0 8,7 50-59 51 21 18 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 9,0 60-69 39 27 28 3 0 1 2 8,9 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 26 Relevance of climate change as a topic There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which leads to environmental changes and changes in the everyday life of every individual(e.g. energy prices). How important do you personally consider this topic for Türkiye? 10=Absolutely important, more important than anything else 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0=Totally irrelevant, can be forgotten Average Total 41 22 19 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 8,6 Education Low Medium High 47 37 36 21 18 24 18 20 20 5 9 10 4 6 4 2 4 2 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 8,7 8,2 8,6 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 44 46 36 17 20 27 17 16 23 5 8 7 6 4 4 3 3 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 2 0 0 - 0 0 2 2 1 8,4 8,6 8,7 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 27 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. 96 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in Türkiye than climate 77 change. Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 62 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many 39 things are greatly exaggerated. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 61 52 35 31 4 41 6 1 7 28 49 18 5 23 29 33 26 12 38 17 22 36 25 61 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 28 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 96 97 100 95 90 96 98 97 98 95 92 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 91 98 91 92 93 97 92 92 96 88 There are more important problems in Türkiye than climate change. 77 70 75 68 88 73 82 74 87 83 74 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 62 48 51 66 68 74 48 49 55 85 63 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 39 26 20 39 54 46 18 26 33 65 48 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 29 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. 96 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in Türkiye than climate change. 77 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 62 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 39 Gender Male Female 95 97 93 93 81 73 64 60 40 36 18-29 97 91 77 58 36 30-39 94 92 79 58 35 Age(years) 40-49 93 93 72 58 33 50-59 98 96 75 71 44 60-69 98 97 85 72 52 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 30 Attitudes towards climate change If you now think about the topic environment and climate. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" The destruction of nature endangers people and their livelihoods. Total 96 I am afraid of the consequences of climate change. 93 There are more important problems in Türkiye than climate change. 77 Instead of focusing on climate protection, we should rather concentrate on adapting to the consequences of climate change. 62 When it comes to the consequences of climate change, many things are greatly exaggerated. 39 Education Low Medium High 95 98 96 94 89 97 80 77 70 74 52 40 53 22 15 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 97 95 97 92 93 94 76 75 80 63 53 72 28 29 54 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 31 Consequences of climate change- anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Consequences of climate change Increase in extreme weather events Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Water shortage in everyday life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Forest fires, forest dieback Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Increased immigration, migration Military conflicts over raw materials and water Don't know 1 I am not afraid 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 49 44 44 43 42 37 35 34 31 29 26 Socio-ecological transformation 32 Consequences of climate change- anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Increase in extreme weather events Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Water shortage in everyday life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Forest fires, forest dieback Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Increased immigration, migration Military conflicts over raw materials and water Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 49 54 59 45 36 44 40 43 52 36 44 63 51 39 31 43 56 50 44 30 42 52 52 46 29 37 42 38 39 31 35 44 38 33 21 34 24 35 37 25 31 24 30 32 34 29 22 31 27 24 26 22 21 25 27 1 -- 1 1 2- 1 7 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 47 58 59 41 46 46 49 36 47 45 43 41 37 43 55 48 33 39 40 49 48 46 34 36 30 45 41 51 35 42 32 46 27 43 36 41 33 42 36 43 30 26 36 33 39 34 36 29 32 30 31 30 36 29 35 40 23 28 29 31 28 26 23 20 32 35 2-- 2- 2- 2- 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 33 Consequences of climate change- anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Increase in extreme weather events Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Water shortage in everyday life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Forest fires, forest dieback Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Increased immigration, migration Military conflicts over raw materials and water Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 44 44 43 42 37 35 34 31 29 26 1 1 Gender Male Female 48 51 44 43 42 46 40 46 42 42 36 39 37 33 30 37 32 30 30 28 30 23 1 0 1 1 18-29 47 44 38 48 39 38 35 33 30 30 30 0 0 30-39 51 45 44 45 46 39 36 37 32 25 27 0 1 Age(years) 40-49 53 43 50 46 40 39 35 35 31 26 22 5 50-59 50 42 45 40 41 32 34 31 33 35 29 1 0 60-69 45 43 42 30 43 36 35 29 30 34 21 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 34 Consequences of climate change- anxiety scale When you think about the consequences of climate change, what scares you the most? Please select up to 5 answer options from the following list. Increase in extreme weather events Economic damage Falling yields in agriculture Water shortage in everyday life Species extinction in the animal and plant world Increase in humanitarian crises, spread of(new) diseases Forest fires, forest dieback Impairment of my health and personal quality of life Rising sea levels due to melting of the poles Increased immigration, migration Military conflicts over raw materials and water Don't know I am not afraid Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 49 44 44 43 42 37 35 34 31 29 26 1 1 Education Low Medium High 41 56 68 43 49 41 40 50 49 35 60 48 40 40 48 35 36 44 35 35 37 33 33 37 32 27 33 27 34 28 26 26 25 1- 2 0 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 48 53 46 50 45 40 55 44 36 48 48 36 52 41 37 35 38 38 40 35 33 28 37 33 28 34 30 26 30 30 23 25 30 1 1 0 2 1 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 3 Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Socio-ecological transformation 36 Main findings Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Attitudes towards Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • 97% of respondents believe that we all have to become active ourselves and start changing the way we live in order to maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 58%). • Furthermore, 97% of respondents would also be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the resulting costs were distributed in a socially just manner(highest level of agreement: 51%). • Furthermore, 93% say they want to change society(highest level of agreement: 43%). Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • 95% of respondents believe that we should be willing to change our lifestyle for the benefit of the environment(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 52%). However, 75% say that they themselves are only willing to do something to protect the environment if this does not affect their own standard of living(highest level of agreement: 30%). Socio-ecological transformation 37 Main findings Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • 90% would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted in this way(highest level of agreement: 43%). However, 57% do not believe that they can contribute significantly to environmental protection with their own behaviour(highest level of agreement: 24%). That others should first take the first step before one contributes to climate protection oneself is said by 54%(highest level of agreement: 22%). • 75% say they are annoyed when others try to tell them how to live(highest level of agreement: 33%). In addition, 66% complain that they will soon not be able to do anything at all if there are even more regulations for climate and environmental protection(highest approval rating: 28%). • 74% fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business is associated with high personal costs (highest approval rating: 28%). Furthermore, 73% consider measures to protect the climate and the environment to be socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular(highest level of agreement: 30%). 66% say that they personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection(highest level of agreement: 24%). • 67% say that businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements(highest level of agreement: 24%). Furthermore, 45% say that preserving jobs is more important than protecting the climate and the environment(highest level of agreement: 19%). 43% think that fighting climate change is detrimental to the economy(highest approval rating: 18%). Socio-ecological transformation 38 Main findings Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • 59% think that businesses know best how to implement the necessary change(highest level of agreement: 20%). Furthermore, 71% think that science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life(highest level of agreement:25%). • One in two(49%) find it difficult to shape their own lives in an environmentally and climate-friendly way(highest level of agreement: 18%). Furthermore, 77% say that the Poor infrastructure makes it impossible to do without a car(highest level of agreement: 31%). Around half(48%) say they do not see the point of changing their own behaviour for something that may happen in the future(highest level of agreement: 21%). Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • In the opinion of 96% of respondents, each individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 62%). That more environmental protection also means better quality of life and health for everyone is said by 95%(highest level of agreement: 60%). Just as many respondents feel personally responsible for the preservation of nature and the environment(highest level of agreement: 49%). Furthermore, 94% think that environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty(highest level of agreement: 62%). • 95% of respondents think that spending time in nature significantly improves their quality of life(highest level of agreement: 53%). Furthermore, 93% think they would feel strongly connected to nature(highest level of agreement: 48%). Socio-ecological transformation 39 Main findings Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour • 94% see the industrialised countries as having a special responsibility for climate protection, as they have been the main cause of climate change(highest level of agreement: 54%). In addition, 92% say they feel better when they buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate(highest level of agreement: 45%). • 91% believe that our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a threat of economic damage (highest level of agreement: 44%). 94% believe that a consistent policy to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of businesses in the future(highest approval rating: 44%). Furthermore, 88% believe that the switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities(highest approval rating: 35%). Socio-ecological transformation 40 Attitudes towards Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start 97 changing the way we live. I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just 97 manner. I commit myself to actively changing society. 93 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 58 51 43 39 21 3 46 3 3 50 61 7 Fully agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 41 Attitudes towards climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 97 96 99 95 98 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 97 97 97 94 95 I commit myself to actively changing society. 93 94 94 94 94 Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 58 63 75 75 48 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 51 47 67 62 34 I commit myself to actively changing society. 43 38 51 57 38 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 97 97 98 96 96 97 98 98 94 94 98 97 96 92 91 81 98 98 ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 56 56 61 40 48 63 51 48 48 43 51 57 40 31 36 29 52 50 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 42 Attitudes towards Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 97 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 97 I commit myself to actively changing society. 93 Response category:"Fully agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 58 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 51 I commit myself to actively changing society. 43 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 96 98 96 97 93 94 Gender Male Female 56 61 48 54 38 48 18-29 96 97 94 30-39 97 97 94 Age(years) 40-49 96 93 93 50-59 99 99 91 60-69 98 98 96 18-29 54 49 43 30-39 66 51 45 Age(years) 40-49 57 50 39 50-59 60 55 50 60-69 55 51 36 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 43 Attitudes towards Climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Below you can see some statements. How much do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 97 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 97 I commit myself to actively changing society. 93 Response category:"Fully agree" Total To maintain a liveable environment for us and the generations that follow, all of us have to be actively involved and start changing the way we live. 58 I would be willing to do more for environmental and climate protection if the costs incurred were distributed in a socially just manner. 51 I commit myself to actively changing society. 43 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 97 97 99 97 96 98 93 92 96 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 98 97 97 95 97 98 93 93 94 Education Low Medium High 56 58 64 52 48 51 45 38 41 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 62 60 56 51 56 46 44 42 43 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 44 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden low-income earners in particular. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 52 43 31 46 30 45 33 42 28 46 30 43 25 46 24 43 Fully agree Somewhat agree 43 41 47 82 19 4 19 6 21 4 22 4 23 4 25 4 27 6 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 45 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 24 28 20 24 22 18 21 19 18 42 38 39 33 32 31 27 26 25 Fully agree Somewhat agree 27 7 28 6 31 10 29 14 34 12 38 13 32 20 40 15 38 19 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 46 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 95 96 98 98 85 96 96 94 93 93 97 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 90 92 89 92 88 96 88 86 84 93 86 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 77 66 80 78 66 82 73 64 73 92 77 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 75 63 66 76 79 86 62 74 67 92 80 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 75 69 61 77 72 77 75 66 76 88 77 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 74 56 67 71 78 77 73 70 70 93 74 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 73 55 64 77 77 78 74 63 70 90 68 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 71 71 68 73 72 80 56 57 65 88 71 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 67 46 57 70 87 76 54 52 63 90 68 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 47 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 66 48 58 57 70 68 62 68 71 83 63 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 66 45 69 62 66 76 66 49 65 88 64 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 59 47 43 66 71 77 45 43 48 80 57 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 57 46 40 54 62 63 43 51 54 81 58 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 54 31 32 59 70 67 38 43 47 85 53 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 49 24 41 48 66 58 39 35 51 77 42 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 48 28 38 40 67 60 31 31 40 79 49 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 45 22 25 42 69 57 25 26 36 85 43 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 19 23 48 61 57 28 14 33 82 43 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 48 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 95 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 90 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 77 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 75 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 75 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 74 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 73 science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 71 Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 67 Gender Male Female 95 95 90 90 74 79 75 76 76 73 74 73 72 73 72 70 69 65 18-29 92 90 76 72 75 74 76 69 61 30-39 95 91 74 74 74 71 71 72 63 Age(years) 40-49 94 88 72 74 71 71 69 64 62 50-59 97 91 78 82 74 76 74 73 78 60-69 100 91 86 79 81 81 74 83 81 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 49 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 66 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 66 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 59 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 57 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 54 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 49 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 48 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 45 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 Gender Male Female 67 64 69 63 60 58 60 53 58 50 50 48 50 45 46 43 45 40 18-29 69 63 56 56 53 47 46 46 39 30-39 65 58 61 53 46 46 42 40 41 Age(years) 40-49 55 66 53 53 53 42 40 35 34 50-59 69 76 62 58 61 54 55 55 51 60-69 74 78 69 69 63 67 62 51 58 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 50 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Total 95 90 77 75 75 74 73 71 67 Education Low Medium High 94 96 98 91 91 88 80 72 72 84 70 58 77 78 65 79 70 65 76 73 64 78 65 61 76 57 52 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 94 95 96 89 89 92 70 74 82 66 74 81 71 72 79 74 68 81 72 69 78 62 67 82 55 65 78 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 51 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 66 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 66 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 59 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. 57 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 54 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 49 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 48 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 45 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 43 Education Low Medium High 75 62 44 72 60 58 71 47 42 67 48 37 69 39 27 61 37 29 60 37 22 58 32 19 57 28 18 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 76 56 71 60 63 75 48 56 70 51 53 65 46 46 67 41 42 62 38 41 59 28 38 61 25 34 61 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 52 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 52 44 76 60 33 50 52 55 50 38 66 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 43 38 54 56 42 53 36 33 32 40 40 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 33 28 33 41 21 36 27 29 35 38 32 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 31 17 34 41 34 40 20 18 28 42 34 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 30 18 29 41 24 43 17 24 20 41 35 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 30 16 26 41 29 33 19 24 28 43 28 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 28 15 32 32 29 37 18 18 25 41 26 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 28 12 34 32 30 41 22 19 20 38 33 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 25 16 25 29 29 37 9 17 20 36 31 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 53 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. 24 8 21 27 28 35 12 26 23 33 18 I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. 24 16 20 30 24 29 14 24 18 30 32 24 8 19 31 28 31 16 12 23 42 21 Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. 22 8 11 27 26 35 6 14 20 36 24 I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. 21 9 22 24 31 28 8 12 14 36 19 Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. 20 8 13 31 26 34 3 16 10 36 14 Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. 19 6 9 20 26 31 7 10 15 38 13 Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. 18 6 10 27 31 27 3 6 10 32 17 I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. 18 6 14 23 31 20 7 12 10 34 25 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 54 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 52 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 43 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 33 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 31 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 30 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 30 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 28 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 28 Science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 25 Gender Male Female 50 54 42 43 34 31 33 30 30 30 30 29 28 29 31 26 25 26 18-29 49 41 29 28 22 28 25 24 26 30-39 54 45 36 33 29 28 26 27 24 Age(years) 40-49 54 37 33 29 31 27 26 23 22 50-59 51 52 34 35 43 36 34 36 33 60-69 51 38 32 36 34 34 35 41 24 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 55 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. Total 24 24 24 22 21 20 19 18 18 Gender Male Female 27 21 26 22 25 23 22 22 22 19 20 21 20 18 19 16 19 18 18-29 24 25 21 20 22 20 18 14 16 30-39 28 24 23 21 22 22 16 19 18 Age(years) 40-49 17 20 24 19 14 13 12 13 18 50-59 25 21 29 25 23 31 29 23 20 60-69 25 32 27 29 24 17 25 24 22 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 56 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(1) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total For the sake of the environment, we should all be willing to change our lifestyle. 52 I would be willing to do more to protect the environment if everyone acted like this. 43 I get annoyed when others try to tell me how to live. 33 Poor infrastructure(e.g. lack of cycle paths, lack of train routes, too little public transport) makes it impossible for me to give up my car. 31 I am only willing to do something to protect the environment if my standard of living is not affected as a result. 30 Measures to protect the climate and the environment are socially unjust, as they burden lowincome earners in particular. 30 I fear that a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business will come at a high cost to me. 28 If regulations regarding climate and environmental protection increase, we'll soon not be able to do anything at all. 28 science and technology will solve the problem of climate change without us having to fundamentally change our way of life. 25 Education Low Medium High 50 52 59 43 44 39 36 35 24 36 26 24 37 25 17 34 28 19 36 22 16 34 23 20 31 21 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 60 52 47 44 43 40 33 29 36 30 28 37 27 26 37 25 27 35 26 24 34 22 28 34 24 24 29 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 57 Barriers to climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour(2) Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" I personally lack the financial means to do something for climate protection. I do not believe that I can contribute significantly to environmental protection with my behaviour. Businesses that need a lot of energy for their production cannot implement strict climate protection requirements. Before I contribute to climate protection myself, others should take the first step. I don't see the point of changing my behaviour today for something that may happen in the future. Businesses know best how to implement the necessary change. Preserving jobs is more important than climate and environmental protection. Tackling climate change is detrimental to the economy. I find it difficult to shape my life in an environmentally and climate-friendly way. Total 24 24 24 22 21 20 19 18 18 Education Low Medium High 31 20 9 28 22 15 29 21 12 29 16 5 27 16 10 28 14 7 26 12 6 24 12 6 26 11 7 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 25 21 26 21 25 25 17 21 32 18 19 27 19 19 25 14 17 28 10 17 25 12 15 23 15 14 25 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 58 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. I feel a strong connection with nature. I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 62 49 60 53 62 44 54 48 45 44 35 Fully agree Somewhat agree 34 31 46 41 35 41 42 41 32 42 50 51 40 51 45 61 47 71 47 72 53 11 1 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 59 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 96 98 100 93 92 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 95 97 96 93 91 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 95 98 98 98 98 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 95 96 98 96 90 Environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 94 98 98 96 88 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 94 90 99 95 92 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 94 94 94 94 90 I feel a strong connection with nature. 93 94 97 92 86 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 93 98 94 88 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 89 96 93 87 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 88 88 89 90 86 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 96 96 99 97 93 97 96 97 99 93 90 96 93 96 96 98 87 94 96 96 96 94 90 98 96 98 95 94 89 97 94 96 95 90 92 92 94 94 93 89 95 95 92 93 98 92 92 89 90 94 89 92 92 92 90 92 90 92 91 94 90 84 87 83 91 92 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 60 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 96 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 95 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 95 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 95 environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 94 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 94 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 94 I feel a strong connection with nature. 93 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 88 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 94 98 93 97 93 97 94 95 94 96 93 94 93 94 91 94 90 94 90 93 89 87 18-29 96 90 93 92 93 93 92 88 88 90 86 30-39 96 97 97 96 95 94 94 94 89 92 88 Age(years) 40-49 96 97 93 96 93 92 90 92 94 88 84 50-59 98 96 97 96 98 95 97 94 96 94 91 60-69 95 97 96 98 97 96 98 100 96 95 95 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 61 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 96 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 95 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 95 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 95 environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 94 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 94 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 94 I feel a strong connection with nature. 93 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 92 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 91 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 88 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 95 97 100 94 94 99 95 95 98 94 95 98 93 97 98 94 93 95 92 95 96 94 89 95 92 91 96 92 89 94 89 86 88 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 98 97 94 94 96 95 96 96 93 95 96 95 94 97 94 93 94 94 92 94 94 91 93 94 91 91 95 86 94 92 81 89 91 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 62 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 62 72 80 74 41 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 62 77 77 66 34 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 60 62 80 62 44 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 54 54 65 67 41 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 53 57 68 69 42 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 49 50 66 63 32 I feel a strong connection with nature. 48 51 62 59 46 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 45 46 63 59 36 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 44 31 59 58 25 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 44 32 64 56 35 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 35 27 42 50 30 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 62 76 58 60 69 72 54 67 65 56 58 52 51 47 54 50 39 52 49 35 42 46 39 35 53 42 44 45 38 38 38 28 34 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 60 45 64 53 45 74 57 48 62 45 46 51 44 39 58 41 44 55 42 44 49 27 43 53 41 37 45 34 44 53 25 33 45 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 63 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 62 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 62 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 60 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 54 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 53 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 49 I feel a strong connection with nature. 48 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 45 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 44 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 44 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 35 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 60 66 58 66 58 62 54 54 51 54 47 52 46 49 42 47 40 49 41 46 33 37 18-29 57 57 55 48 48 44 41 38 39 40 31 30-39 67 70 65 51 56 53 47 45 45 48 37 Age(years) 40-49 62 66 60 52 54 48 49 44 43 42 30 50-59 70 62 62 60 56 54 54 52 52 50 42 60-69 62 56 56 67 48 50 55 51 44 38 38 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 64 Motivators of climate and environmentally-conscious behaviour Here are some statements on the topic of environmental and climate protection. To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total environmental protection is a matter of decency and civic duty. 62 Every individual bears responsibility for leaving a liveable environment for future generations. 62 More environmental protection also means more quality of life and health for all. 60 The industrialised countries have a special responsibility for climate protection since they have played a significant role in climate change. 54 Being in nature greatly enhances my quality of life. 53 I feel personally responsible for the conservation of nature and the environment. 49 I feel a strong connection with nature. 48 I feel better when I buy products that have less impact on the environment and climate. 45 Consistent policies to protect the environment will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy in the future. 44 Our businesses must become more climate-friendly, otherwise there is a risk of economic damage. 44 The switch to environmentally and climate-friendly products and production processes offers great employment opportunities. 35 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 58 69 72 54 73 75 57 62 67 51 58 58 51 54 57 50 49 49 50 40 50 45 44 47 45 42 44 44 43 44 38 33 31 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 70 70 54 68 68 52 66 62 52 55 56 51 58 53 49 50 48 49 44 51 46 43 46 44 46 42 45 38 48 42 31 36 36 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 4 Changing our way of living and doing business Socio-ecological transformation 66 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Assessing the need for change • When asked whether a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business is necessary in Türkiye, 95% of respondents answered"Yes, definitely"(58%) or"rather yes"(37%). This contrasts with only 3% who(rather) do not think fundamental change is necessary. Attribution of responsibility- Which actors do too little? • In the opinion of the population, it is above all political parties, businesses and local citizens who should do more to tackle climate change: 67% of respondents say that political parties are doing(far) too little. 65% think that businesses or businesses are doing(far) too little, and 64% see local citizens as having a greater responsibility. 62% want more responsibility from trade unions, 60% think local governments(e.g. municipality/city) should do more, and 58% of respondents say the government is trying(way) too little. 49% think that the European Union is doing(way) too little. On the part of non-governmental organisations, 43% expect them to increase efforts. The scientific community is seen as having the least responsibility(Way too little/too little: 38%). Socio-ecological transformation 67 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Attribution of responsibility- Which actors can contribute most to crisis management? • When it comes to addressing the climate and environmental crisis, the government is most often counted among the three most influential actors(47%). The scientific community comes second(39%), followed by local citizens(35%). Nongovernmental organisations are considered influential by 31% and businesses by 30%. They are followed by local governments(27%), the European Union(24%), political parties(19%) and trade unions(10%). Attitudes towards policies • 96% believe that politicians should pay much more attention to a socially just shaping of the change in our economic and life styles(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 54%). Furthermore, 95% are in favour providing more financial support to people with low incomes if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures(highest level of agreement: 51%). At the same time, 71% feel uneasy about the idea of a fundamental change in our way of doing business and living, as they know from experience that many people will be worse off afterwards than before(highest level of agreement: 29%). • 87% agree that low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pollution than other population groups(highest level of agreement: 40%). Socio-ecological transformation 68 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 96% are in favour support programmes that help businesses to switch to climate-friendly production processes and products(highest approval rating: 50%). 91% think that businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate-neutral(highest approval rating: 38%). Politicians should exert much more pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods, say 85%(highest approval rating: 38%). Furthermore, 60% believe that Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely(highest approval rating: 22%). • 95% support a more consistent switch to renewable energy(highest approval rating: 50%). The statement"It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the special features of Türkiye" is agreed with by 75%(highest level of agreement: 34%). • 92% think that, above all, strict and consistent laws are needed to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations(highest level of agreement: 48%). However, 83% say that there are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business- if these were also implemented, we would be on the right track(highest approval rating: 34%). • 85% believe that structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result(highest level of agreement: 33%). 90%, meanwhile, say that jobs affected by structural change should be preserved as long as possible if there are no suitable alternatives(highest level of agreement: 33%). Socio-ecological transformation 69 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection • Mobility: 95% of respondents support the promotion of electric vehicles(highest approval level"I fully support": 53%). More charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles are supported by 94%(highest approval rating: 52%). 93% are in favour reducing the price of public transport(highest level of agreement: 52%). 90% are in favour expanding the transport network and the frequency of local public transport(highest approval rating: 50%). 73% approve of a Carbon tax on airline tickets(highest approval rating: 32%) and 70% approve of the introduction of a car toll(so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more)(highest approval rating: 32%). • Energy: 96% of respondents support the construction of more wind turbines(highest approval rating: 56%). The same number of respondents(96%) are in favour mandatory solar for public buildings and new private buildings(highest approval rating: 54%), and 92% are in favour cooperative membership(highest approval rating: 40%). • Technology/innovations/businesses: 95% of respondents are in favour more support for the development of climatefriendly products and technologies(highest level of agreement: 55%). Just as many respondents(95%) are in favour labelling climate-friendly products(highest approval rating: 52%). Reducing subsidies that are harmful to the climate is supported by 91%(highest approval rating: 42%) and making products that are harmful to the climate more expensive by 86%(highest approval rating: 42%). Socio-ecological transformation 70 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • Education: 96% support an improvement of school education in the field of environmental and climate protection (highest level of support: 58%). 92% support training or further education(or retraining opportunities) for employees who work in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future(highest level of support: 48%). • Housing: 95% support state subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(highest approval rating: 51%). Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pumps) is also supported by 95%(highest approval rating: 47%). 94% approve of government support for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation(highest approval rating: 57%), and 93% approve of legal regulations for the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances (highest approval rating: 50%). Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition • 96% of respondents agree that workers affected by the switch of electricity and heat supply to renewable energy(e.g. job loss) should be supported in retraining for alternative jobs(highest level of agreement"Fully agree": 52%). The same number of respondents(96%) think that the affected workers should be supported financially(compensation, severance payments, etc.)(highest level of agreement: 50%). Socio-ecological transformation 71 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 96% of respondents think that private households that want to use renewable energy(e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pump) should be financially supported(highest level of agreement: 55%). In addition, 95% agree that the development of energy communities should be supported by the government(highest level of agreement: 49%). • According to 94% of the respondents, regions and municipalities affected by the conversion of electricity and heat supply to renewable energy(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support(highest level of agreement: 45%). Furthermore, 90% think that new industries should be actively established in the affected regions and municipalities(highest level of agreement: 44%). • 94% of respondents believe that citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) in order to help shape the community(highest level of agreement: 43%). • 90% of respondents can imagine taking an active part in shaping their community's energy supply, with 37% saying they could"definitely" imagine doing so. Asked whether they could imagine generating their own energy, 10% say they already do, 67% say they can"definitely" imagine it and 20% say they can"rather" imagine it. Socio-ecological transformation 72 Main findings Changing our way of living and doing business • 67% would"approve" of the construction of a solar park in their community if the profits generated by it benefited the community. Another 31% would accept it, only 2% would oppose it. The construction of a wind park in their community would be"approved" by 63%(if the profits generated by it benefit the community). Another 34% would accept it, 3% would oppose it. • To fight climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. 57% of respondents think this should be done through more public subsidies for climate-neutral technologies and the replacement of heating. On the other hand, 14% support bans and 15% higher prices for oil, gas and coal. The remaining 14% of respondents are not in favour any of the options mentioned. • When asked whether renewable energy has become more important since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, 49% answer"yes, renewable energy has become more important" Another 42% answer with"rather yes" In contrast, 6% answered with"rather no" and 3% with"no, renewable energy has not become more important" Socio-ecological transformation 73 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Türkiye? Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Yes Yes, definitely Rather yes No Rather no No, not at all Don't know 58 95 37 21 3 2 Socio-ecological transformation 74 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Türkiye? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO Rather no No, not at all Don't know Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 95 92 96 93 94 98 99 90 96 93 99 58 42 76 66 37 64 70 64 70 32 66 37 50 20 28 57 34 29 26 26 61 32 3 5 1 3 5- 1 5 1 7 0 2 4 1 2 4- 1 3 1 5 0 1 1- 1 2- 0 1- 2 2 3 3 4 0 2- 5 3 0 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 75 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Türkiye? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO Rather no No, not at all Don't know Total 95 58 37 3 2 1 2 Gender Male Female 95 94 55 61 40 34 3 2 3 1 0 1 1 3 18-29 95 64 31 3 2 1 2 30-39 94 53 41 2 2 0 3 Age(years) 40-49 96 58 38 2 2 0 2 50-59 93 60 33 4 3 1 3 60-69 96 52 44 2 2 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 76 Assessing the need for change In your opinion, is there a need for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business in Türkiye? YES Yes, definitely Rather yes NO Rather no No, not at all Don't know Total 95 58 37 3 2 1 2 Education Low Medium High 93 97 97 50 69 70 44 28 26 4 2 2 3 1 2 1 0 3 1 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 95 94 96 70 64 45 25 31 50 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 77 Attribution of responsibility What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Non-governmental organisations (e.g. local environmental movements) The scientific community TOO LITTLE 43 38 European Union 49 Local government at place of 60 residence(e.g. municipality/city) Government 58 Trade unions 62 Businesses 65 Citizens in their area 64 Political parties 67 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 13 10 14 23 22 23 30 25 33 30 28 35 37 36 39 35 39 34 Way too little Too little 26 26 22 19 19 17 16 16 14 Exactly the right amount 20 7 19 12 15 8 14 5 13 8 11 4 12 4 13 6 10 6 TOO MUCH 27 31 23 19 21 15 16 19 16 Way too much Too much Don't know 4 5 6 2 2 6 3 1 3 Socio-ecological transformation 78 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 16 10 6 21 25 16 15 7 12 23 65 71 86 64 52 20 17 6 20 22 19 14 16 21 28 60 68 78 59 48 23 15 16 27 39 22 20 20 22 18 49 56 58 46 43 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 29 2 8 8 31 9 14 9 13 8 28 25 53 86 76 74 39 60 28 12 11 10 36 22 16 9 20 16 28 26 53 79 66 70 35 52 30 14 11 21 19 20 40 64 59 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 14 33 25 17 28 31 52 36 38 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 79 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 21 25 8 25 27 30 6 14 12 35 17 19 22 8 15 26 18 9 24 19 23 24 58 49 82 59 46 48 84 61 64 40 56 19 16 10 17 26 26 10 12 7 36 17 16 10 9 14 18 21 6 12 13 23 32 64 69 81 66 55 50 82 75 78 41 50 15 7 6 18 19 17 17 13 16 22 62 70 77 64 57 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists 23 9 6 24 4 11 46 83 75 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 7 34 14 9 29 22 68 35 54 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 80 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Total EST INT PER COS 16 8 5 14 27 14 10 8 16 24 67 74 85 68 48 27 26 22 35 27 26 18 33 24 30 43 53 44 40 43 31 33 33 35 30 26 23 24 31 37 38 37 40 30 33 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 26 5 7 11 33 16 17 5 8 10 23 20 50 89 83 70 43 61 36 20 14 14 38 30 25 29 28 32 23 24 33 50 49 47 34 44 34 27 20 22 27 22 38 43 51 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 18 39 31 17 33 18 53 26 48 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 81 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 16 16 65 20 19 60 23 22 49 Gender Male Female 16 17 18 13 64 66 18 21 21 18 60 59 24 21 22 21 50 48 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 14 12 13 22 27 16 17 17 14 12 65 67 68 60 61 15 17 17 24 34 21 21 21 14 16 63 60 61 59 50 23 23 16 26 21 19 41 48 56 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 26 26 17 23 55 47 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 82 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 21 19 58 19 16 64 15 17 62 Gender Male Female 22 19 21 17 55 61 20 18 15 17 64 63 15 16 17 17 65 58 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 19 20 20 25 24 17 22 19 17 18 62 54 59 57 58 18 16 15 21 26 16 20 11 17 13 63 60 72 62 60 15 12 12 18 19 15 58 61 68 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 21 22 13 22 64 55 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 83 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little The scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 16 14 67 27 26 43 31 26 38 Gender Male Female 16 16 15 14 67 66 28 26 26 26 43 43 34 28 26 25 36 42 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 16 14 11 22 23 14 14 18 11 13 67 66 68 65 63 24 26 24 35 33 27 29 28 20 24 44 42 43 43 42 36 28 23 24 26 22 36 39 47 strongly overrepresented overrepresented 31 37 27 32 39 30 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 84 Attribution of responsibility(1) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Businesses Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little European Union Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 16 16 65 20 19 60 23 22 49 Education Low Medium High 23 6 6 21 9 8 52 82 84 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 8 14 24 9 14 21 77 69 54 27 11 8 24 12 14 47 76 77 9 15 30 16 19 22 73 64 48 28 14 14 21 22 22 42 56 60 14 20 30 17 19 27 53 54 42 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 85 Attribution of responsibility(2) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Government Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Citizens in their area Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Trade unions Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 21 19 58 19 16 64 15 17 62 Education Low Medium High 28 12 9 23 11 14 46 75 76 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 14 21 25 14 18 22 68 59 52 26 11 7 21 9 7 52 77 84 12 15 26 8 16 20 73 67 54 22 6 5 22 12 9 50 74 83 7 12 25 9 17 21 70 66 52 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 86 Attribution of responsibility(3) What do you think: Are the following actors doing too much or too little to address climate change? Political parties Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Tthe scientific community Way too much/too much Just right Too little/way too little Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 16 14 67 27 26 43 31 26 38 Education Low Medium High 23 7 4 21 5 5 52 85 89 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 8 13 24 6 12 21 79 71 54 30 20 24 26 24 29 39 52 45 18 26 34 22 27 27 52 44 37 29 31 34 28 18 27 37 47 36 26 34 31 16 23 34 51 38 34 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 87 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please name up to three of the most influential actors in your opinion. Government The scientific community Citizens in their area Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Businesses Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) European Union Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 47 39 35 31 30 27 24 19 10 1 Socio-ecological transformation 88 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please name up to three of the most influential actors in your opinion. Government The scientific community Citizens in their area Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Businesses Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) European Union Political parties Trade unions None of them Total EST INT PER COS 47 69 44 47 29 39 39 59 47 29 35 39 40 32 27 31 35 32 29 28 30 29 21 37 23 27 26 27 27 22 24 14 38 30 26 19 14 10 12 25 10 2 3 11 18 1 0 1 0 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 56 44 52 39 38 47 38 49 37 34 26 30 36 29 36 35 39 37 35 32 33 30 28 33 28 28 34 37 28 28 26 25 30 34 28 23 21 37 17 13 22 27 15 22 16 22 29 26 11 4 2 10 17 19 - 0 2 5 4 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 89 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please name up to three of the most influential actors in your opinion. Government The scientific community Citizens in their area Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Businesses Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) European Union Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 47 39 35 31 30 27 24 19 10 1 Gender Male Female 50 44 40 37 34 37 29 34 30 30 25 29 26 22 21 17 9 10 1 1 18-29 41 40 41 29 30 21 27 23 9 1 30-39 53 41 34 31 28 28 24 14 7 1 Age(years) 40-49 46 34 33 34 35 34 21 20 6 1 50-59 46 42 36 30 29 28 20 19 16 2 60-69 55 36 28 36 27 27 27 15 12 2 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 90 Attribution of responsibility And when it comes to tackling the climate and environmental crisis, which of the following actors do you think can contribute most to tackling the crisis? Please name up to three of the most influential actors in your opinion. Government The scientific community Citizens in their area Non-governmental organisations(e.g. local environmental movements) Businesses Local government at place of residence(e.g. municipality/city) European Union Political parties Trade unions None of them Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 47 39 35 31 30 27 24 19 10 1 Education Low Medium High 43 53 55 32 49 46 37 37 30 30 33 36 28 34 31 27 23 32 22 25 28 23 12 15 14 3 4 2 1 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 51 50 43 42 44 31 40 31 38 31 34 29 32 30 28 28 27 26 26 22 26 11 18 24 2 6 18 3 1 0 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 91 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 54 50 51 50 48 38 33 Fully agree Somewhat agree 42 31 46 31 44 41 45 41 44 62 53 72 57 91 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 92 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, building on green spaces) than other population groups. Politicians should exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods. Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 40 38 33 34 34 29 22 47 10 3 47 13 2 52 13 2 49 14 3 41 21 4 42 25 4 38 Fully agree Somewhat agree 29 11 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 93 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 96 96 96 95 93 94 96 98 94 97 100 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 96 94 98 98 96 95 96 100 95 93 95 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 95 95 99 95 92 92 92 96 96 96 98 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 96 96 96 85 94 95 98 92 94 94 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 92 91 97 95 90 93 93 88 91 94 98 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 91 87 92 94 84 93 93 88 93 93 96 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 90 95 85 92 84 93 82 96 91 92 88 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 94 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 87 85 94 91 71 84 89 83 89 93 84 than other population groups. Politicians should exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods. 85 83 87 86 81 82 85 79 82 92 95 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 85 76 86 90 82 86 82 84 81 91 84 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 83 76 79 84 83 85 80 80 77 94 84 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 75 78 56 74 74 85 61 74 76 90 75 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 71 61 63 68 78 84 65 58 67 92 60 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 60 54 42 73 70 68 47 40 48 81 61 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 96 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 96 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 95 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 92 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 91 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 90 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 96 96 96 96 95 95 94 95 94 92 90 93 90 91 95 18-29 94 94 93 92 91 91 88 30-39 97 Age(years) 40-49 95 50-59 97 96 96 98 97 94 96 96 94 97 93 91 96 92 90 92 91 91 93 60-69 100 95 98 95 96 92 90 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) than other population groups. Politicians should exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods. Total 87 85 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 85 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 83 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 75 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 71 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 60 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 89 86 85 85 84 85 80 86 71 80 71 71 60 59 96 18-29 83 83 84 81 78 71 55 30-39 85 Age(years) 40-49 86 50-59 94 84 81 91 82 81 92 81 80 89 74 72 83 67 63 82 54 57 70 60-69 94 94 89 90 70 80 71 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 97 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 96 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 96 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 95 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 95 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 92 The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 91 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 90 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 95 96 98 95 97 98 94 96 98 93 94 99 92 91 97 91 92 93 92 90 87 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 96 96 97 95 97 96 95 95 96 97 94 93 89 92 95 92 91 92 89 91 91 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 98 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) than other population groups. Politicians should exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods. Total 87 85 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 85 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 83 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 75 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 71 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 60 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 87 87 89 86 79 89 88 80 84 88 77 76 84 70 57 80 62 55 71 42 47 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 86 84 91 80 84 90 82 85 88 82 81 86 72 73 80 67 67 79 43 57 72 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 99 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 54 37 71 60 40 52 59 63 51 44 63 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 51 44 59 61 37 49 47 68 38 51 47 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 50 36 66 64 34 50 53 56 34 46 57 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 50 44 67 58 31 50 50 50 47 44 51 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 48 34 68 59 41 48 46 52 45 45 44 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 30 54 48 23 40 36 32 38 46 42 than other population groups. Politicians would have to exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climatefriendly production methods. 38 26 54 46 24 40 28 39 31 41 46 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 100 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 38 21 54 47 27 46 31 37 28 43 37 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 34 20 34 44 23 46 29 30 32 38 38 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 34 29 23 42 21 44 23 36 33 42 30 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 33 18 43 37 32 38 22 36 24 44 28 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 33 21 34 48 31 40 25 32 25 36 34 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 29 12 26 39 36 42 19 18 20 42 24 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 22 9 12 32 22 33 16 15 14 37 20 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 54 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 51 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 50 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 50 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 48 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 than other population groups. Politicians should exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climate-friendly production methods. 38 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 55 52 52 50 50 50 52 47 48 48 41 38 40 36 101 18-29 51 46 49 44 43 36 41 30-39 56 Age(years) 40-49 50 50-59 55 53 49 60 51 47 56 52 50 53 52 46 58 40 34 49 39 29 45 60-69 60 50 49 49 44 46 36 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 38 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 34 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 34 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 33 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 33 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 29 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 22 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Gender Male Female 36 39 32 37 34 34 34 32 35 31 27 30 23 22 102 18-29 36 30 29 32 31 27 22 30-39 36 Age(years) 40-49 29 50-59 54 33 32 45 27 35 47 32 29 45 34 29 42 25 26 41 19 16 30 60-69 39 38 38 26 34 30 29 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 103 Attitudes towards policies(1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total Politicians must work much harder to ensure that the restructuring of our economic system and way of life is socially just. 54 People with low incomes should receive more financial support if the costs for electricity and heating or mobility increase due to climate protection measures. 51 There should be support programmes to help businesses switch to climate-friendly production processes and products. 50 We need a more consistent shift to renewable energy. 50 In order to preserve an environment worth living in for us and future generations, we need, above all, strict and consistent laws. 48 Low-income, ethnic or other minorities should not be more affected by environmental pressures(e.g. noise and air pollution, water contamination, development of green spaces) 40 than other population groups. Politicians would have to exert much stronger pressure on businesses to achieve climatefriendly production methods. 38 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 51 54 60 53 52 44 48 53 53 46 51 58 49 44 52 42 36 38 40 33 37 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 50 58 50 53 51 49 47 51 49 50 51 47 48 48 48 35 39 43 38 38 40 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 104 Attitudes towards policies(2) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Response category:"Fully agree" Total The businesses need clear guidelines from the state in order to become climate neutral. 38 There are already enough guidelines for a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business. If these were also implemented, we would be on the right track. 34 It annoys me that climate policy is controlled by the EU, because this does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of Türkiye. 34 Structural change measures should be enforced even if jobs are lost as a result. 33 If there are no suitable alternatives for the jobs affected by structural change, they should be maintained for as long as possible. 33 The idea of a fundamental change in our way of living and doing business worries me. I know from experience that many people are worse off afterwards than before. 29 Politicians follow the guidelines of industry and businesses too closely. 22 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Education Low Medium High 41 33 34 41 28 26 41 30 21 39 26 24 39 28 23 38 20 15 30 14 11 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 30 38 43 27 33 40 29 33 36 30 32 35 29 32 37 24 26 34 12 23 27 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 105 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition MOBILITY Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) 5 More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles 6 Reduce public transport fares 7 Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public 10 transport Carbon tax on airline tickets 27 Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to 30 pay more Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Support 14 15 25 28 5 22 7 23 42 53 95 42 52 94 41 52 93 40 50 90 41 32 73 38 32 70 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree Socio-ecological transformation 106 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Opposition 4 4 8 5 5 9 14 Support 4 14 17 40 41 52 56 96 54 96 40 92 14 4 18 4 10 40 43 49 44 55 95 52 95 42 91 42 86 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree Socio-ecological transformation 107 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Opposition EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs 8 that will no longer be needed in the future HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable 5 energy(for heating, electricity generation) Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems 5 (e.g. heat pump) State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal 6 insulation Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household 7 appliances Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Support 14 17 37 44 58 96 48 92 14 44 14 48 15 37 16 43 51 95 47 95 57 94 50 93 I completely reject it I would rather reject it I would rather agree I completely agree Socio-ecological transformation 108 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Carbon tax on airline tickets Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 95 96 99 98 86 96 95 95 87 93 97 94 98 97 94 88 96 97 96 86 92 97 93 94 97 95 83 96 95 93 94 88 88 90 94 92 88 77 92 93 90 91 96 86 73 66 76 80 68 74 63 72 59 83 75 70 50 79 78 71 78 62 63 55 88 68 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 109 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Carbon tax on airline tickets Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Total 95 94 93 90 73 70 Gender Male Female 93 96 93 96 93 93 90 91 73 72 73 67 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 91 96 94 97 98 90 95 93 97 100 89 96 94 93 91 85 93 91 95 93 64 72 69 84 83 60 69 68 84 83 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 110 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" MOBILITY Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Reduce public transport fares Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Carbon tax on airline tickets Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Total 95 94 93 90 73 70 Education Low Medium High 93 96 99 93 96 98 92 92 97 89 90 97 76 65 70 75 62 68 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 92 95 95 93 95 94 92 92 93 87 91 93 62 72 81 55 69 80 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 111 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Reduce public transport fares More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 30 50 21 22 29 22 38 37 45 12 32 27 34 24 20 32 26 37 28 41 17 25 10 6 8 12 23 8 7 10 9 4 14 7 6 3 5 17 4 5 7 6 12 12 6 2 3 6 12 4 3 4 14 8 3 5 4 1 2 14 4 5 5 13 7 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 112 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Reduce public transport fares More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) Total 30 27 10 7 6 5 Gender Male Female 27 33 27 28 10 9 7 7 7 4 7 4 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 40 31 32 16 17 36 28 31 16 17 15 7 9 5 7 11 4 6 7 9 10 5 7 3 9 4 6 3 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 113 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(1) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" MOBILITY Introduce a car toll so that someone who drives a lot also has to pay more Carbon tax on airline tickets Extend the transport network and the frequency of local public transport Reduce public transport fares More charging points for electric or hybrid vehicles Promotion of electric vehicles(e.g. tax relief, financial subsidy) Total 30 27 10 7 6 5 Education Low Medium High 25 38 32 24 35 30 11 10 3 8 8 3 7 4 2 7 4 1 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 45 31 20 38 28 19 13 9 7 8 8 7 7 5 6 8 5 5 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 114 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 96 100 99 96 94 95 98 98 96 94 89 96 96 100 96 90 94 98 94 96 96 94 92 94 97 94 84 91 92 93 85 96 92 95 99 97 97 87 95 97 99 93 92 97 95 96 99 96 93 93 99 97 91 94 97 91 92 94 94 94 91 89 79 97 92 94 86 83 90 88 81 83 81 86 82 90 95 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 115 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Total 96 96 92 95 95 91 86 Gender Male Female 94 98 95 97 92 93 96 95 95 96 91 92 86 86 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 95 97 95 96 98 93 97 96 97 97 90 91 95 96 92 93 95 97 98 95 93 96 94 98 97 89 92 88 96 93 80 86 84 92 94 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 116 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings Membership in a cooperative/energy community TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Making climate-damaging products more expensive Total 96 96 92 95 95 91 86 Education Low Medium High 95 96 99 95 96 98 94 89 95 94 98 98 95 95 98 91 90 94 86 82 89 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 96 96 96 93 96 97 89 91 96 93 96 96 95 95 96 89 91 92 78 84 92 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 117 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" ENERGY Membership in a cooperative/energy community Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 8 6 3 6 16 9 8 7 15 4 8 4 0 1 4 6 5 2 2 4 6 11 4 4- 4 10 6 2 6 4 4 6 14 17 10 12 19 17 19 14 18 10 5 9 8 6 6 6 9 11 21 3 8 6 5 1 3 3 13 5 3 1 7 8 3 5 4 1 4 7 7 1 3 9 6 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 118 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Membership in a cooperative/energy community Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Total 8 4 4 14 9 5 5 Gender Male Female 8 7 6 2 5 3 14 14 9 8 4 5 5 4 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 10 9 5 4 8 5 3 5 4 2 7 3 4 3 3 20 14 16 8 6 11 8 12 4 7 7 5 3 2 5 7 4 6 2 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 119 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(2) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" ENERGY Membership in a cooperative/energy community Construction of more wind turbines Compulsory solar energy for public buildings and new private buildings TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATIONS/BUSINESSES Making climate-damaging products more expensive Reduce subsidies that are harmful to the climate Promote the development of climate-friendly products and technologies more strongly Labelling of climate-friendly products Total 8 4 4 14 9 5 5 Education Low Medium High 6 11 5 5 4 1 5 4 2 14 18 11 9 10 6 6 2 2 5 5 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 11 9 4 4 4 4 7 4 3 22 16 8 11 9 8 7 4 4 5 5 4 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 120 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 98 99 96 90 98 99 100 94 88 91 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 92 91 98 94 85 93 93 92 93 93 91 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 95 97 100 98 92 94 95 99 94 89 95 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 95 97 97 97 85 97 93 96 95 93 94 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 94 92 96 95 82 96 94 98 91 94 93 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 93 92 93 96 92 96 92 88 89 95 96 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 121 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 92 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 95 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 95 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 94 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 93 Gender Male Female 94 97 92 93 94 97 94 96 91 96 92 94 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 92 97 97 98 97 91 93 90 95 96 93 98 97 95 92 92 96 98 95 92 90 93 96 96 97 90 93 92 95 98 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 122 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather agree" Total EDUCATION Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 96 Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 92 HOUSING State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 95 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 95 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 94 Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 93 Education Low Medium High 94 96 100 92 91 96 94 97 99 94 95 97 94 94 98 93 92 96 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 94 97 95 90 92 95 96 94 95 91 95 97 90 94 96 88 94 96 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 123 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 8 9 2 6 15 7 7 8 7 7 9 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 2 1 4 10 2 1- 6 12 9 HOUSING Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 7 8 7 4 8 4 8 12 11 5 4 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 6 8 4 5 18 4 6 2 9 6 7 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 5 3- 2 8 6 5 1 6 11 5 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 5 3 3 3 15 3 7 4 5 7 6 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 124 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 8 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 HOUSING Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 7 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 6 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 5 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 5 Gender Male Female 8 7 6 3 8 6 9 4 6 3 6 4 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 9 7 10 5 4 8 3 3 2 3 10 7 8 5 2 10 7 4 4 3 7 2 3 5 8 8 4 2 5 8 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 125 Assessment of measures in nature, environmental and climate protection(3) There are various proposals to advance climate and environmental protection. To what extent do you support the following measures? Response category:"I completely/ would rather reject it" Total EDUCATION Training/retraining/retraining opportunities for workers in jobs that will no longer be needed in the future 8 Improve school education in the field of environmental and climate protection 4 HOUSING Legal regulations on the energy efficiency of electrical household appliances 7 State funding for the renovation of buildings for thermal insulation 6 State subsidies for private households if they use renewable energy(for heating, electricity generation) 5 Financial support for cost-efficient heating and thermal systems(e.g. heat pump) 5 Education Low Medium High 8 9 4 6 4 7 8 4 6 6 2 6 3 1 6 5 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 10 8 5 6 3 5 12 6 4 10 6 4 4 6 5 9 5 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 126 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc.... ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 52 50 55 49 45 43 44 Fully agree Somewhat agree 44 31 46 4 41 31 46 5 49 51 51 51 46 91 Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Socio-ecological transformation 127 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 96 95 100 98 94 96 96 95 95 95 96 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 96 96 95 95 92 97 97 97 94 97 93 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 96 97 100 99 88 96 95 95 96 94 95 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 95 92 100 97 87 96 96 94 95 96 95 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 94 96 88 96 94 96 89 92 93 94 97 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 94 95 99 96 87 96 98 91 91 95 91 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 94 91 93 81 94 91 86 82 93 92 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 128 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 96 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 96 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 96 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 95 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 94 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 94 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 Gender Male Female 95 97 96 95 95 97 94 96 92 95 94 95 88 93 18-29 94 94 93 92 93 92 86 30-39 96 97 96 95 94 93 93 Age(years) 40-49 96 95 97 98 91 96 90 50-59 96 97 96 97 94 96 92 60-69 97 97 98 95 96 97 93 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 129 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree/ Somewhat agree" Total ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 96 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 96 ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 96 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 95 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 94 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 94 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 90 Education Low Medium High 95 96 99 95 95 99 95 95 100 95 95 99 95 90 94 94 92 98 91 86 92 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 96 96 95 94 97 95 93 96 97 94 96 94 92 94 93 92 95 96 88 90 92 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 130 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 55 41 73 76 35 52 53 60 52 45 54 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 52 42 72 67 39 47 55 49 38 55 53 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 50 46 62 60 30 47 59 57 44 40 54 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 49 39 70 69 30 51 45 48 42 44 53 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 45 45 58 63 29 44 46 37 37 35 51 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 40 54 64 28 42 39 39 36 45 43 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 43 28 56 59 40 47 39 34 32 42 50 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 131 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree" Total ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 55 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 52 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 50 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 49 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 45 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 43 Gender Male Female 52 56 50 54 49 51 50 49 39 50 41 47 40 45 18-29 49 48 48 46 42 38 41 30-39 58 50 53 49 44 46 46 Age(years) 40-49 58 55 53 55 44 39 37 50-59 60 55 52 48 50 49 49 60-69 48 56 43 50 45 54 41 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 132 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition In the conversion of the electricity and heat supply to renewable energy, such as solar, wind, etc., the energy supply is not only limited to the energy from renewable sources but also to the energy from renewable sources.... Response category:"Fully agree" Total ...private households that want to use renewable energy, e.g. solar electricity, solar heating or heat pumps, should be financially supported. 55 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should be supported in retraining towards alternative jobs. 52 ...affected workers(e.g. in case of job loss) should receive financial support such as compensation payments, severance pay, etc. 50 ...the development of energy communities(community organised at local level to shape their energy supply more sustainably and independently) should be supported by the government. 49 ...affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions) should receive financial support. 45 ...new industries should be actively located in affected regions and communities(e.g. coal mining, natural gas, oil regions). 44 ...citizens should participate in public and political life(e.g. in citizens' forums, planning advisory boards) to help shape the community. 43 Education Low Medium High 53 52 64 50 52 60 48 49 57 47 49 58 44 42 50 44 40 49 44 36 49 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 51 58 51 51 52 52 51 53 45 49 51 47 48 44 42 45 44 44 39 43 46 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 133 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine being actively involved in shaping the energy supply of your community? 91 37 53 90 Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Could you imagine generating your own energy? 21 10 20 67 97 I already generate my own energy Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes No, not really No, not at all How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar park 2 31 Wind park 3 34 67 63 I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Socio-ecological transformation 134 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 90 85 96 92 91 92 91 84 74 96 98 37 30 44 60 31 40 21 27 24 42 45 53 55 51 32 60 53 70 56 50 54 53 10 15 4 8 9 8 9 16 26 4 2 9 15 4 6 9 6 8 14 25 2 2 1 -- 2- 2 0 2 1 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 135 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 90 37 53 10 9 1 Gender Male Female 91 89 38 36 53 53 9 11 8 10 1 1 18-29 85 30 55 15 13 2 30-39 90 37 54 10 10 Age(years) 40-49 90 36 54 10 9 1 50-59 92 44 48 8 6 1 60-69 99 46 53 1 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 136 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine taking an active part in shaping the energy supply of your community(e.g. by joining/membership of an energy cooperative, financial participation or via a project in your community)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all Total 90 37 53 10 9 1 Education Low Medium High 90 86 93 40 28 40 51 58 53 10 14 7 8 13 7 2 0 0 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 82 90 96 29 41 38 53 48 58 18 10 4 17 10 3 1 0 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 137 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 87 98 94 83 81 78 95 96 84 72 91 67 79 78 72 62 59 64 63 61 62 71 20 19 15 12 20 19 31 33 23 10 20 3 1- 3 1 4 2 4 8 4 4 2 1- 3 1 2 2 3 5 3 4 1 ---- 2- 1 4 1 10 0 6 14 18 18 4 1 8 24 5 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 138 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 87 67 20 3 2 1 10 Gender Male Female 86 87 70 64 16 23 2 4 2 3 0 1 12 9 18-29 83 62 21 6 4 2 11 30-39 91 70 22 3 2 0 6 Age(years) 40-49 93 72 21 2 2 6 50-59 81 65 15 4 2 1 16 60-69 81 65 16 0 0 19 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 139 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Could you imagine generating your own energy(e.g. by installing solar panels on the roof or balcony)? YES Yes, definitely Somewhat, yes NO No, not really No, not at all I already generate my own energy Total 87 67 20 3 2 1 10 Education Low Medium High 82 92 94 63 70 74 19 22 20 4 3 2 3 3 1 1 0 1 15 5 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 93 90 80 67 69 65 26 20 15 3 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 0 4 8 17 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 140 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 67 76 81 73 42 65 68 69 70 57 67 31 23 19 26 57 32 31 28 24 40 33 2 1- 1 0 4 1 3 6 3 63 69 79 70 36 63 65 62 67 52 68 34 30 20 28 59 31 34 35 27 44 27 3 2 0 2 4 6 1 2 6 4 4 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 141 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 67 31 2 63 34 3 Gender Male Female 68 66 31 31 1 3 64 63 34 33 2 4 18-29 30-39 Age(years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 60 70 77 66 63 36 28 22 32 37 4 2 1 1 58 67 71 61 58 38 28 25 38 42 4 4 3 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 142 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition How would you evaluate the construction of a solar or a wind park in your municipality if the profits it generates benefit the community? Solar I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Wind I think that would be good I would accept it I would reject it Total 67 31 2 63 34 3 Education Low Medium High 63 71 76 35 27 22 2 2 2 58 65 76 38 33 22 4 2 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 73 71 60 24 28 39 3 2 2 69 67 55 29 30 41 3 2 4 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 143 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement 57 Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal 15 Through bans 14 None of the above options, there are alternatives 14 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Socio-ecological transformation 144 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal Through bans None of the above options, there are alternatives Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 57 76 73 57 33 49 67 68 57 35 59 15 1 6 14 26 24 9 2 6 39 14 14 6 15 17 24 13 9 13 12 20 12 14 17 5 12 18 13 15 17 25 5 15 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 145 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal Through bans None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 57 15 14 14 Gender Male Female 56 57 18 13 14 14 11 16 18-29 56 15 16 14 30-39 65 9 12 14 Age(years) 40-49 58 8 9 25 50-59 44 26 25 5 60-69 58 27 8 7 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 146 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition For the fight against climate change, it is necessary to heat differently in the coming years. How should this be done? Through more public funding for climate-neutral technologies and heating replacement Through higher prices for oil, gas and coal Through bans None of the above options, there are alternatives Total 57 15 14 14 Education Low Medium High 45 68 82 24 3 4 16 13 6 15 16 8 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 60 64 47 4 7 32 17 13 14 20 16 7 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 147 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important to you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? Yes Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes No Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important 49 91 42 63 9 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Socio-ecological transformation 148 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important to you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 91 93 91 91 91 90 94 86 80 95 92 49 43 65 64 41 56 55 42 28 45 43 42 50 26 27 49 34 40 44 52 50 49 9 7 9 9 9 10 6 14 20 5 8 6 5 9 5 6 7 4 8 13 4 4 3 2 0 5 4 3 2 6 8 2 4 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 149 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important to you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 91 49 42 9 6 3 Gender Male Female 93 88 49 48 44 40 7 12 4 8 3 4 18-29 88 43 45 12 8 4 30-39 89 40 49 11 9 2 Age(years) 40-49 90 48 41 10 6 4 50-59 92 57 35 8 3 5 60-69 98 68 30 2 1 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 150 Attitudes towards the energy and heat transition Has renewable energy(solar, wind, etc.) become more important to you since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? YES Yes, renewable energy has become more important Rather yes NO Rather no No, renewable energy has not become more important Total 91 49 42 9 6 3 Education Low Medium High 91 87 94 50 42 55 40 45 38 9 13 6 6 9 4 3 4 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 86 89 95 46 50 49 40 39 46 14 11 5 8 8 3 6 3 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 5 Interest in information and level of knowledge Socio-ecological transformation 152 Main findings Interest in information and level of knowledge Interest in information and level of knowledge: Climate • Around nine-tenths of the respondents(91%) express a fundamental interest in the topic of climate change. Of these, 43% are"very" interested. Less interest was expressed by 8%, and no interest at all by 1%. • 79% rate their level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(e.g. forest dieback, biodiversity, etc.) as(rather) high. However, only 22% rate their level of knowledge as"very high„. A(rather) low level of knowledge is attested by 21%, with 1% of the respondents saying that they know very little. Interest in information and level of knowledge: Policies • 20% of respondents feel"very well" informed about policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentallyfriendly economy. 50% feel"rather well" informed. This contrasts with 27% who feel"rather not well" informed and 3% who feel"not at all well" informed. • Around half of the respondents(53%) think that policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentallyfriendly economy are not sufficiently explained and clarified. 47% disagree(policies are sufficiently explained: yes: 19%, rather yes: 28%). Socio-ecological transformation 153 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? 43 Interest I am very interested in it I am rather interested 91 48 No interest Am less interested I am not interested in it at all 81 9 How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? 22 High Very high Rather high 79 57 Low Rather low Very low 20 21 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Socio-ecological transformation 154 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 91 90 97 90 96 91 89 88 81 95 94 43 46 57 59 51 43 34 34 27 41 44 48 45 40 30 45 48 55 55 54 54 50 9 10 3 10 4 9 11 12 19 5 6 8 9 3 8 4 9 11 11 18 4 3 1 0- 3--- 1 1 1 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 155 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 91 43 48 9 8 1 Gender Male Female 92 90 41 45 51 45 8 10 7 9 1 1 18-29 87 38 50 13 11 2 30-39 90 41 50 10 9 0 Age(years) 40-49 92 43 48 8 8 0 50-59 96 55 41 4 4 0 60-69 94 44 51 6 4 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 156 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate There are always discussions about climate change, i.e. global warming, which will lead to environmental changes and changes in everyday life in the coming decades. How interested are you personally in this topic? INTERESTED I am very interested in it I am rather interested NOT INTERESTED I am less interested I am not interested in it at all Total 91 43 48 9 8 1 Education Low Medium High 92 87 94 45 38 45 46 50 49 8 13 6 8 11 6 1 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 84 91 96 33 48 45 51 43 51 16 9 4 15 8 3 1 1 0 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 157 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 79 79 86 82 88 80 76 61 53 93 85 22 15 17 35 34 28 11 8 14 33 23 57 64 69 47 54 52 65 54 40 60 62 21 21 14 18 12 20 24 39 47 7 15 20 21 12 17 12 19 23 39 45 4 14 1 0 2 1- 1 1- 2 3 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 158 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 79 22 57 21 20 1 Gender Male Female 79 78 23 21 56 57 21 22 20 20 1 2 18-29 74 20 53 26 24 3 30-39 76 18 58 24 23 1 Age(years) 40-49 76 13 63 24 23 1 50-59 82 37 45 18 18 60-69 95 31 64 5 5 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 159 Interest in information and level of knowledge: climate How high do you rate your level of knowledge about ecological interrelationships and environmental problems(forest dieback, species extinction, pollution of the oceans, extreme weather, etc.)? HIGH Very high Rather high LOW Rather low Very low Total 79 22 57 21 20 1 Education Low Medium High 79 69 85 28 15 12 51 54 73 21 31 15 20 29 15 2 1 0 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 65 76 89 11 22 30 54 54 59 35 24 11 34 23 10 2 1 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 160 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies How well informed do you feel about policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? In your opinion, are policies for a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? Well Very well informed Somewhat informed Not well Not very well informed Not at all informed 20 Yes 70 50 Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Somewhat, yes No 27 30 Rather no No, the policies are insufficiently explained and 3 clarified 19 47 28 36 53 17 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Socio-ecological transformation 161 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In general, how well informed do you personally feel about policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 70 64 70 79 84 80 57 48 44 93 78 20 10 11 33 43 30 5 5 13 33 22 50 54 59 46 41 50 52 43 32 60 57 30 36 30 21 16 20 43 52 56 7 22 27 34 30 19 16 18 40 48 48 6 19 3 2- 2- 2 3 5 7 1 3 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 162 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In general, how well informed do you personally feel about policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 70 20 50 30 27 3 Gender Male Female 73 68 21 20 52 48 27 32 24 30 3 2 18-29 64 21 43 36 33 3 30-39 67 15 52 33 31 2 Age(years) 40-49 67 11 56 33 30 4 50-59 78 33 46 22 20 2 60-69 88 29 59 12 12 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 163 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In general, how well informed do you personally feel about policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy? INFORMED Very well informed Somewhat informed NOT INFORMED Not very well informed Not at all informed Total 70 20 50 30 27 3 Education Low Medium High 75 57 70 28 11 9 47 45 61 25 43 30 22 42 28 3 2 2 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 52 68 84 7 19 30 46 49 54 48 32 16 42 30 14 5 2 1 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 164 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In your opinion, are policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Rather yes NO Rather no No, the policies are not adequately explained and clarified Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 47 43 20 46 74 63 20 27 28 83 47 19 5 5 21 41 29 5 8 4 40 25 28 38 15 26 33 34 15 18 24 43 22 53 57 80 54 26 37 80 73 72 17 53 36 47 54 35 22 21 56 49 41 14 40 17 10 26 19 3 16 23 24 31 3 13 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 165 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In your opinion, are policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Rather yes NO Rather no No, the policies are not adequately explained and clarified Total 47 19 28 53 36 17 Gender Male Female 46 47 19 19 28 28 54 53 39 35 15 18 18-29 43 19 24 57 41 17 30-39 40 8 32 60 44 16 Age(years) 40-49 38 15 24 62 42 20 50-59 63 26 37 37 24 14 60-69 62 37 25 38 23 15 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 166 Interest in information and level of knowledge: policies In your opinion, are policies for a change towards a more climate and environmentally-friendly economy sufficiently explained and clarified? YES Yes, the policies are sufficiently explained and clarified Rather yes NO Rather no No, the policies are not adequately explained and clarified Total 47 19 28 53 36 17 Education Low Medium High 65 23 20 30 5 3 35 19 17 35 77 80 23 58 53 12 19 27 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 24 41 67 3 16 31 21 25 35 76 59 33 56 41 21 20 18 12 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 6 Appendix: Communication Socio-ecological transformation 168 topic interest in general Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. environment and nature Health Current affairs Science and technology Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Holiday, Travel Garden and plants Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Business, professions Family, children and child education Nutrition Sport Sustainable consumption Fashion Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 50 44 43 42 39 35 35 34 34 34 33 33 32 30 Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Information from the region, regional news Decoration and Furniture Cosmetics and Beauty Wildlife, animals and pets Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Photography, filming Stars, Celebrities Wellness 29 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 23 21 16 12 9 Socio-ecological transformation 169 topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Environment and nature Health Current affairs Science and technology Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Holiday, Travel Garden and plants Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Business, professions Family, children and child education Nutrition Sport Sustainable consumption Fashion Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 50 72 64 55 38 44 59 59 44 22 43 49 53 40 18 42 59 56 44 29 39 52 54 34 30 35 47 53 34 14 35 50 49 39 19 34 34 56 37 22 34 42 53 36 13 34 52 37 38 25 33 46 43 35 15 33 41 47 36 14 32 40 52 31 13 30 36 45 32 17 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 48 55 55 32 53 56 32 63 64 43 41 47 34 42 52 30 42 41 30 34 36 31 45 35 38 40 34 33 29 50 30 38 44 34 36 33 28 30 38 30 30 32 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 44 25 50 43 29 40 42 22 47 34 27 44 44 20 40 28 17 53 38 20 34 30 18 43 26 20 39 32 19 29 28 14 41 30 16 48 26 27 39 29 19 40 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 170 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Information from the region, regional news Decoration and Furniture Cosmetics and Beauty Wildlife, animals and pets Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Photography, filming Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 29 40 36 28 19 18 34 36 33 20 31 29 29 37 31 17 27 30 30 35 18 39 28 33 27 21 18 22 29 42 41 22 34 27 43 40 25 13 24 29 27 25 13 34 27 39 35 34 15 21 25 30 17 23 30 26 32 30 30 9 31 27 26 25 14 33 25 34 39 24 20 22 27 28 20 16 29 25 28 28 34 15 25 21 27 17 19 34 23 32 29 23 14 22 18 29 16 19 33 21 27 23 23 16 19 20 19 17 17 29 16 18 17 19 15 14 15 11 13 15 26 12 10 13 15 10 16 13 6 9 12 16 9 8 7 20 6 6 7 7 5 14 11 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 171 Topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Environment and nature Health Current affairs Science and technology Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Holiday, Travel Garden and plants Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Business, professions Family, children and child education Nutrition Sport Sustainable consumption Fashion Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 50 44 43 42 39 35 35 34 34 34 33 33 32 30 Gender Male Female 46 53 40 47 43 43 45 39 32 47 31 39 28 41 27 41 37 31 28 41 26 40 37 28 29 36 20 41 18-29 41 37 38 37 42 33 25 41 33 27 34 34 24 36 30-39 54 48 44 46 46 38 40 39 37 46 36 38 38 36 Age(years) 40-49 53 48 48 48 40 34 35 27 37 40 35 31 37 27 50-59 50 44 37 40 30 35 36 26 33 29 24 25 30 28 60-69 54 43 52 36 31 35 46 33 27 27 34 33 36 16 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 172 Topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Information from the region, regional news Decoration and Furniture Cosmetics and Beauty Wildlife, animals and pets Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Photography, filming Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 29 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 23 21 16 12 9 Gender Male Female 23 35 34 24 28 30 26 28 20 35 11 40 26 24 27 23 27 20 20 21 13 19 8 17 9 10 18-29 31 33 31 23 22 29 22 30 23 23 23 14 9 30-39 29 26 34 26 31 30 30 23 25 22 14 13 13 Age(years) 40-49 38 31 33 27 32 26 27 24 23 18 10 9 5 50-59 17 25 21 25 21 20 19 23 20 19 13 12 7 60-69 25 25 15 35 31 18 31 18 25 17 17 13 15 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 173 topic interest in general(1) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Environment and nature Health Current affairs science and technology Food and drink(e.g. cooking, baking, grilling) Holiday, Travel Garden and plants Music, Culture, Theatre, Art Business, professions Family, children and child education Nutrition Sport Sustainable consumption Fashion Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 50 44 43 42 39 35 35 34 34 34 33 33 32 30 Education Low Medium High 40 54 73 33 53 64 32 49 66 32 49 64 30 50 56 26 40 56 29 37 49 24 43 54 28 39 48 30 38 44 25 41 46 24 38 53 28 31 47 25 37 38 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 52 58 39 52 51 32 48 49 33 44 48 35 48 44 30 31 41 30 40 39 27 37 39 27 40 38 27 38 41 26 36 39 24 34 40 26 28 39 28 36 33 25 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 174 topic interest in general(2) Which of the following topics are you interested in? You can select all the topics in which you are personally interested. Psychology, spirituality, well-being Computers, computer games Consumer electronics, television Information from the region, regional news Decoration and Furniture Cosmetics and Beauty Wildlife, animals and pets Technology and gaming Cars, motorbikes Investments, insurance, tax tips and finance Photography, filming Stars, Celebrities Wellness Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 29 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 23 21 16 12 9 Education Low Medium High 25 34 36 26 30 38 25 31 37 23 27 39 22 30 41 22 32 31 23 22 35 21 30 31 20 27 30 17 19 34 13 18 22 12 11 12 10 7 11 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 34 32 22 29 32 25 33 31 23 29 29 22 30 29 23 24 28 23 25 31 20 25 29 21 19 28 21 17 23 21 13 18 15 8 14 12 4 9 12 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 175 Consumer interests For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. PC/Tablet/Smartphone Holidays and travel Clothing/Fashion Coffee/tea Delicatessen- high quality food Cars Donations for charitable purposes Eating out(restaurants) Furniture Cosmetics/Perfume Kitchen furniture and equipment Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 34 33 30 30 28 25 22 21 20 19 18 17 15 (Wrist)Watches Bicycle Porcelain/Glasswork Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Exclusive accessories Costume jewellery Antiques Beer Wine/Champagne None of these products 15 14 13 13 12 12 11 10 10 10 9 9 Socio-ecological transformation 176 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. PC/Tablet/Smartphone Holidays and travel Clothing/Fashion Coffee/tea Delicatessen- high quality food Cars Donations for charitable purposes Eating out(restaurants) Furniture Cosmetics/Perfume Kitchen furniture and equipment Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS 34 39 40 37 21 33 43 37 33 26 30 35 40 38 24 30 31 31 36 4 28 37 35 26 9 25 33 32 29 16 22 40 17 20 22 21 21 25 22 14 20 22 20 27 15 19 23 22 24 9 18 21 19 24 16 17 23 20 17 14 15 17 10 18 10 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 29 38 38 32 36 34 35 27 23 31 32 33 26 33 37 24 17 25 19 17 23 20 25 20 18 20 24 17 20 23 13 15 25 22 9 16 11 13 11 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 28 28 50 24 24 40 24 22 31 26 27 37 31 16 34 16 24 34 18 16 42 13 18 40 17 15 24 11 17 22 9 17 25 12 17 18 11 21 19 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 177 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. (Wrist) Watches Bicycle Porcelain/ Glasswork Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Exclusive accessories Costume jewellery Antiques Beer Wine/Champagne None of these products Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 15 17 17 18 11 15 11 11 12 10 33 14 13 15 18 12 13 13 10 13 18 19 13 14 11 14 6 15 11 12 12 14 24 13 14 20 15 5 15 6 13 12 15 15 12 13 7 20 7 14 8 6 8 14 16 12 4 14 13 14 11 20 2 10 14 22 11 17 8 17 14 10 6 8 4 13 19 10 9 7 12 9 18 5 2 8 13 16 10 10 15 12 10 10 7 9 4 11 17 10 2 13 11 7 14 12 2 7 18 10 9 1 12 9 7 14 12 1 6 8 16 9 10 6 6 8 6 11 13 20 3 7 EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 178 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. PC/Tablet/Smartphone Holidays and travel Clothing/Fashion Coffee/tea Delicatessen- high quality food Cars Donations for charitable purposes Eating out(restaurants) Furniture Cosmetics/Perfume Kitchen furniture and equipment Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 34 33 30 30 28 25 22 21 20 19 18 17 15 Gender Male Female 36 33 32 34 25 35 27 32 29 28 29 21 22 23 20 22 17 23 12 26 13 23 18 16 12 18 18-29 42 31 35 25 20 27 22 24 17 22 14 16 13 30-39 33 30 34 34 28 30 27 25 22 22 20 15 16 Age(years) 40-49 35 31 24 30 31 21 19 17 21 14 22 18 12 50-59 27 34 34 28 31 24 23 16 21 21 18 16 17 60-69 30 42 14 32 40 22 20 22 20 13 18 24 15 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 179 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. (Wrist) Watches Bicycle Porcelain/ Glasswork Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Exclusive accessories Costume jewellery Antiques Beer Wine/Champagne None of these products Total 15 14 13 13 12 12 11 10 10 10 9 9 Gender Male Female 14 15 18 11 10 17 8 18 14 10 14 10 10 12 7 13 10 12 12 9 12 6 7 10 18-29 18 13 10 10 12 12 11 10 12 10 8 8 30-39 17 15 16 16 10 13 13 9 10 9 8 7 Age(years) 40-49 11 12 13 10 12 9 11 7 6 7 7 14 50-59 12 19 14 15 12 10 9 14 11 8 8 6 60-69 15 16 18 18 14 19 10 13 15 22 14 8 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 180 Consumer interests(1) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. PC/Tablet/Smartphone Holidays and travel Clothing/Fashion Coffee/tea Delicatessen- high quality food Cars Donations for charitable purposes Eating out(restaurants) Furniture Cosmetics/Perfume Kitchen furniture and equipment Do-it-yourself/ garden tools High quality jewellery Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 34 33 30 30 28 25 22 21 20 19 18 17 15 Education Low Medium High 29 43 42 27 37 45 27 36 32 28 29 35 24 32 40 24 31 24 23 18 26 19 24 25 20 18 20 17 23 21 19 15 20 17 17 18 16 12 14 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 38 35 30 29 36 30 38 32 22 30 34 24 33 31 24 22 31 20 31 22 18 18 21 22 17 24 17 16 20 20 19 18 17 16 17 18 8 14 18 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 181 Consumer interests(2) For which of the following products/items are you willing to spend more money than average? Whether you buy the products for yourself or for another person as a gift, e.g. as a reward or for a special occasion. (Wrist) Watches Bicycle Porcelain/ Glasswork Handbags High-end hi-fi equipment High quality spirits/whisky Exclusive accessories Costume jewellery Antiques Beer Wine/Champagne None of these products Total 15 14 13 13 12 12 11 10 10 10 9 9 Education Low Medium High 15 14 15 14 15 15 16 8 13 15 11 12 13 9 10 12 10 13 10 11 14 11 9 7 11 9 12 10 10 9 8 8 10 7 11 11 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 15 14 16 14 14 15 9 12 17 7 14 16 7 11 15 8 12 16 5 12 14 5 8 15 6 9 15 4 11 13 6 7 12 9 12 4 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 182 Media use Now we would like to know your habits and ways of using media. How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online? Communication/messenger services (e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Internet(no social media) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Newsletters from providers of products and services 68 67 66 44 33 37 35 19 30 16 9 4 21 18 7 5 21 17 7 6 22 28 10 6 6 6 30 16 7 6 8 28 14 7 6 8 27 14 7 8 9 19 9 11 12 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Computer games/video games 24 28 15 9 10 14 Journals, magazines 18 23 20 9 15 15 Daily newspaper 22 24 15 8 13 18 Books/Audiobooks 14 23 21 10 16 16 Radio 18 24 15 10 16 17 Online media libraries of TV channels 14 21 17 9 15 24 Cinema 7 13 26 20 24 10 Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs 6 16 16 12 16 34 Daily Several times a week Several times a month About once a month Rarer Never Socio-ecological transformation 183 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"daily/ several times a week/ several times a month Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Internet(no social media) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Newsletters from providers of products and services Computer games/video games Journals, magazines Daily newspaper Books/Audiobooks Radio Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Total EST INT PER COS 93 96 97 94 90 92 96 96 97 88 90 98 91 90 93 82 87 85 85 76 79 71 82 88 88 79 79 78 83 87 76 74 90 83 84 68 73 71 77 70 67 61 63 75 73 61 60 66 70 64 61 58 67 67 68 58 58 52 73 71 57 56 62 61 53 52 48 46 64 65 46 44 39 54 58 38 31 29 47 56 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists ADA CMS TRA 92 97 99 93 96 92 95 87 87 89 75 89 85 78 66 84 82 66 86 70 52 74 61 48 80 54 54 66 51 53 66 48 57 64 53 43 65 45 53 66 36 31 54 33 28 52 17 16 strongly overrepresented overrepresented CMA SEN PRO 94 84 89 89 82 92 95 81 95 83 73 77 80 83 78 74 80 92 67 84 72 58 76 64 57 72 77 48 71 56 46 70 54 41 66 58 46 66 52 33 74 45 28 70 50 28 61 32 strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 184 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"daily/ several times a week/ several times a month Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Internet(no social media) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Computer games/video games Journals, magazines Daily newspaper Books/Audiobooks Radio Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 93 92 90 82 79 79 76 68 67 61 61 58 57 52 46 38 Gender Male Female 92 94 90 94 90 91 82 82 78 82 77 83 73 80 69 67 70 64 61 62 63 58 57 59 58 55 54 51 49 44 38 38 18-29 93 92 89 74 80 83 83 60 67 50 47 58 42 48 44 33 30-39 96 93 91 84 83 86 76 74 68 64 62 60 62 54 43 37 Age(years) 40-49 96 95 93 89 74 78 72 64 60 57 57 53 54 45 45 29 50-59 91 91 94 89 86 81 77 76 77 75 78 63 72 65 59 56 60-69 86 84 84 78 74 63 70 70 62 71 72 58 67 53 47 43 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 185 Media use How often do you read, watch, listen to or use the following media/offers, regardless of whether you use them analogue/offline or digital/online. Response category:"daily/ several times a week/ several times a month Communication/messenger services(e.g. WhatsApp, Skype) Internet(no social media) Social networks/social media(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) "Normal" television programme TV/video streaming services(e.g. Netflix) Audio and video podcasts(e.g. via iTunes, YouTube, podcast portals) Music streaming services(e.g. Spotify) Newsletters from suppliers of products and services Computer games/video games Journals, magazines Daily newspaper Books/Audiobooks Radio Online media libraries of TV channels Cinema Watch Blu-ray Discs, DVDs Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Total 93 92 90 82 79 79 76 68 67 61 61 58 57 52 46 38 Education Low Medium High 91 97 97 89 97 96 88 93 95 83 78 85 80 80 81 80 81 78 76 78 76 71 59 70 71 60 61 63 50 68 64 46 68 61 50 60 59 47 61 58 39 49 55 35 36 49 23 22 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 94 96 90 97 94 87 88 93 88 84 83 81 70 82 84 79 80 81 67 75 83 60 65 77 58 68 71 45 62 72 42 62 72 43 59 67 39 57 68 31 50 67 22 45 63 24 33 53 strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 186 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? 73 67 52 46 35 19 15 11 24 26 33 35 26 39 35 26 3 7 15 19 39 42 50 63 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. Frequently Occasionally Never Socio-ecological transformation 187 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:"frequently“ YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 73 85 84 87 51 77 66 79 71 57 69 67 75 79 76 48 69 71 70 64 50 68 52 55 59 51 39 60 40 55 51 48 55 46 45 52 58 45 44 54 36 38 40 54 35 21 30 39 38 57 20 20 23 47 43 19 17 18 32 22 22 10 6 14 24 21 15 10 10 21 25 22 8 3 7 25 11 11 2 10 14 16 15 6 1 8 25 2 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 188 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:"frequently YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 73 67 52 46 35 19 15 11 Gender Male Female 69 77 58 76 56 46 50 43 34 36 16 22 16 14 13 9 18-29 71 67 31 44 33 16 12 10 30-39 79 71 51 47 35 21 16 8 Age(years) 40-49 81 70 62 46 28 18 13 8 50-59 71 65 64 53 48 22 21 18 60-69 57 55 66 42 32 21 12 15 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 189 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:"frequently YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 73 67 52 46 35 19 15 11 Education Low Medium High 68 82 81 60 78 76 56 43 50 43 44 58 45 24 17 20 19 15 17 9 12 15 7 3 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 80 80 61 71 74 56 49 56 48 37 47 50 30 34 39 10 18 25 6 14 22 2 8 19 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 190 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:"At least occasionally" YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 97 99 98 96 96 99 97 97 97 93 97 93 97 97 93 95 96 90 88 88 91 94 84 89 82 85 88 85 72 82 85 88 89 81 81 85 88 87 86 82 65 72 84 82 60 45 55 69 80 77 43 44 40 81 62 58 51 69 70 71 63 49 41 45 68 54 50 41 51 62 73 59 36 24 35 66 52 37 28 24 51 62 48 17 10 23 64 38 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 191 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:"MIN. MOUNTAL" YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 97 93 84 81 60 58 50 37 Gender Male Female 97 97 90 95 87 82 85 77 63 58 50 66 53 46 40 34 18-29 96 90 69 79 61 59 46 32 30-39 99 96 86 81 63 62 50 37 Age(years) 40-49 98 96 90 78 51 52 46 33 50-59 97 95 97 91 74 66 68 53 60-69 91 83 89 78 53 50 40 36 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 192 Media use How often do you personally use the following platforms or social media(whether professionally or privately and regardless of the device)? Response category:„At least occasionally" YouTube Instagram Facebook Twitter TikTok Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Total 97 93 84 81 60 58 50 37 Education Low Medium High 95 99 100 92 96 92 89 75 82 80 79 85 74 45 38 62 51 57 54 36 50 51 20 17 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 98 97 96 91 93 94 73 85 90 69 80 90 50 56 73 47 51 72 32 41 70 21 26 60 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 193 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. 67 60 62 51 48 50 37 47 35 48 Applies completely Somewhat applies 29 31 36 4 33 41 42 61 45 61 42 71 14 2 14 3 Mostly doesn’t apply Doesn’t apply at all Socio-ecological transformation 194 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„applies completely/somewhat applies" It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO 96 98 99 96 98 94 96 100 96 94 98 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 96 100 97 98 93 97 96 97 97 91 96 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 95 98 98 97 90 94 94 97 91 94 99 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 93 96 95 93 91 94 89 97 93 93 90 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 93 95 96 97 88 92 91 95 90 95 94 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 92 98 86 89 93 96 90 93 92 92 95 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 84 74 82 91 83 94 74 76 72 93 86 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 83 82 72 89 88 89 76 77 77 93 92 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 195 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:" applies completely/somewhat applies" Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 96 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 96 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 95 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 93 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 93 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 92 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 84 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 83 Gender Male Female 97 97 94 98 95 96 92 95 92 95 91 94 83 84 79 89 18-29 95 94 92 91 91 90 84 86 30-39 98 97 98 94 93 94 82 83 Age(years) 40-49 96 94 95 92 91 92 78 78 50-59 98 98 96 93 99 93 88 87 60-69 97 100 98 97 96 92 88 85 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 196 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:"applies completely/somewhat applies" It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Total 96 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 96 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 95 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 93 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 93 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 92 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 84 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 83 Education Low Medium High 96 97 100 96 97 99 96 94 98 92 95 96 94 92 97 94 93 91 88 78 78 88 82 76 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 97 98 95 96 97 96 92 97 96 92 93 94 90 93 96 92 91 95 82 80 89 77 81 90 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 197 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„applies completely" Total EST INT PER COS ADA CMS TRA CMA SEN PRO It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 67 79 88 75 45 61 78 77 62 49 71 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 62 73 75 72 40 54 65 70 52 49 71 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 60 65 80 72 38 56 64 63 52 44 65 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 51 47 61 57 44 51 44 53 44 49 58 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 50 48 50 57 38 53 39 58 47 49 62 48 41 60 68 41 49 40 45 35 47 59 37 23 39 52 34 52 26 20 21 48 46 35 27 37 48 34 44 25 28 28 36 38 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. EST = Established INT = Intellectuals PER = Performers COS = Cosmopolitan Avantgarde ADA = Adaptive Navigators CMS = Conventional Mainstream TRA = Traditionals CMA = Consumer Materialists SEN = Sensation-Oriented PRO = Progressive Realists strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 198 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„applies completely" Total It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. 67 Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. 62 I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. 60 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 51 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 50 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 48 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 37 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 35 Gender Male Female 65 71 56 68 55 64 44 57 47 54 46 51 34 40 32 38 18-29 67 60 56 53 53 47 36 40 30-39 70 65 61 51 51 44 36 33 Age(years) 40-49 70 63 60 44 47 45 29 26 50-59 72 65 64 57 52 57 50 40 60-69 56 55 60 45 46 56 40 32 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation 199 Communication expectations If you think about what you use media such as newspapers, magazines, internet, TV, radio etc. for and what you expect from them, which of the statements below apply to you? Response category:„applies completely" It is important for me to have trustworthy sources of information. Protecting my personal data on the internet is extremely important to me- I'm careful about that. I find it important to learn about a topic from different sources of information. Total 67 62 60 For me, it is very important to get a quick overview of important topics. 51 I prefer short, concise information that summarises the most important things. 50 I attach great importance to being thoroughly informed in order to better understand backgrounds and contexts. 48 On social networks, I mainly want to exchange information with my friends- I get my information elsewhere. 37 Media help me to form my own opinion on important topics. 35 Education Low Medium High 60 78 84 59 68 67 56 63 69 52 47 54 54 48 48 51 43 51 43 30 28 39 32 26 Net equivalent income(HH/month) Low<60% Medium 60-140% High>140% (<5,870 TRY) (5,870-13,696 TRY) (>13,696 TRY) 75 75 55 65 66 56 58 66 53 51 53 48 51 52 47 40 51 50 29 37 43 32 36 35 Basis: 1,201 cases, total sample; figures in%. strongly overrepresented overrepresented strongly underrepresented underrepresented Socio-ecological transformation Imprint Socio-ecological transformation 201 Contact persons Dr Christoph Schleer Associate Director Research& Consulting christoph.schleer@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-27 Naima Wisniewski Research& Consulting naima.wisniewski@sinus-institut.de +49 6221 8089-54 © Copyright 2023 SINUS Market and Social Research GmbH This work is protected by copyright. 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