«ﻦﻳﺪ  ﻟﺍ ﺱﺍﺮ  ﺣ » ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻮﻓﺃﻭ«ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟﺍ» ﺩﻮﻌﺻ

, ¯ ¯ 2021 6 3527 ¯ 2021, ¯ ï 322 ,, ¯ ¯: − 256 2021 6 3527: ¯ ¯: ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ − ¯ ¯, ¯ − ¯ 11194 941876: ¯ fes@fes-jordan.org : www.fes-jordan.org : ,ï ï ï ï ,¯, ¯, © ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯,, ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ï ¯ ¯: : ¯: • • ¯¯ • 978−9923−759−34−9: ¯

«ﻦﻳﺪ  ﻟﺍ ﺱﺍﺮ  ﺣ » ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻮﻓﺃﻭ«ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟﺍ» ﺩﻮﻌﺻ نﺎﻣّر ﻮﺑأ ﺪﶊ ﺔﻴّ ﻨﻫ ﻮﺑأ ﻦﺴﺣ

ءﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ تﺎﺳﺎﻴـﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ اً ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻞﺒﻘﺘـﺴﻤﻠﻟ قﴩﻣ ﻖٍ ﻓأ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ي ا ﰊﺮﻌﻟا بﺎﺒـﺸﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺮﻄﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻣﺪﻌﻟا ت ﺎﻄﳋاو ،ﻪﺘﻳﺮﺣو ﻪﻣﻼﺣأ تردﺎﺻ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻳداﺪﺒﺘﺳ تﺎﺳرﲈﳌاو «ﺔﻗﺮﶈا» نﻮﺗأ ﰲ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺟّ زو ﻩﺮﺋﺎﺼﻣ ترﺪﻫأ ﱵﻟا

تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﳌا 6

تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﳌا 5 9 17 : ¯ − 21 ¯ 29 ¯ 32 36: 43 ¯: ¯ 49 ¯¯ ¯: 52 58 64 67 ¯ − ¯ ¯ ¯ 71 ¯ ¯ − 74 77 81 ¯ ï: − ¯ 84 89 ¯ ¯ 92 7

تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﳌا 95 − 98 ¯ ¯ 103 ¯ 107? ¯: 112 : 117 ¯¯ − 122 ¯ 131 ¯¯: 135 ¯: ¯ 142: ¯¯ 148 ¯: ¯ 156 ¯¯ ¯ 163 ¯ − 166: 172 ¯¯ 175 ¯¯ 182 ¯ 188 ¯ ¯ 193 ¯ − 196: ¯ 202 ¯ ¯ 204 ¯: ¯ 208 ¯: 215 223 ¯ ¯ 237 ¯ 8

27 ï ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ,ï ¯ , , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2018 ¯ ¯, ,2011 ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ï¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

! ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ , ¯¯ ¯ ,2003 ¯ , ï, ,¯ ¯ ï ï ,2004 ,¯ ¯ ¯ 2006 , ¯, ¯¯, ¯ ,2011 ,, ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2012 , ï ¯ ¯, , ¯ ï ,ï ¯ ¯, ¯ ï ,ï , , ,2011 , ¯ ¯ ;¯ ï 10

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ 9 ¯ ¯, ¯ ,ï 2013 ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ï ,;¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯, , , − −, , ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ï ¯, ï ¯ ï :, ¯, ï ï ¯ ¯ 11 ¯ , ¯ , , ¯ ,2016

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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ , ,¯ ,¯ ¯, , , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï, ï ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯¯ <<<=[àè‚Ö]<Œ]†u<Üé¿ßi<]ƒ^¹ ï, ,, ,ï ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯, ¯, ,¯ ¯, ¯ ï ï ¯, , ¯ 13 ¯ ¯ ¯

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ , 1998 , 11 ,1998 2003 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2001 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, ï ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯, 14

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ,¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ − − ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, , ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯¯ 15

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ *** 16

+ ! <<^ã¢]<í¹çÂæ<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<Vê−…^i<‚éã³ ،ثاﺪﺣأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﻼﺗ ﺎﻣو 1982 مﺎﻋ ﱃإ ﻊﺟﺮﺗ ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﲁﺸﺑ ﴘﻔﻧ ﰲ تﺮﺛأ ﱵﻟا ثاﺪﺣﻻٔ ا نإ ﻞﺘﻗو ﻒﺼﻘﻟا أ ﺪﺑو ،ﰾﲑﻣﻻٔ ا ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا لﻮﻄﺳﻻٔ ا ذ ﰲ ﺪﻋﺎﺳو ،نﺎﻨﺒﻟ حﺎﻴﺘﺟ ﲔﻴﻠﻴﺋاﴎﻼٕ ﻟ ﰷﲑﻣأ ﺖﻧذأ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻬﻔﺻو ﺐﻌﺼﻳ ةﲑﺜﻛ نﺎﻌﻣ ﴘﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺖﺷﺎﺟ ﺔﺒﻴﺼﻌﻟا تﺎﻈﺤﻠﻟا ﺗ ﰲ.نوﺮﺧٓا دﴍو عوّ رو ،نوﲑﺜﻛ حﺮﺟو ﺗ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﻧأ أ ﻴﺑو.ﲔﳌﺎﻈﻟا ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﻣ ﲆﻋ ً ﻮﻗ ً ﻤﺼﺗ ت وو ،ﲅﻈﻟا ﺾﻓﺮﻳ ﺎً ﻣرﺎﻋ ارﻮﻌﺷ ﺖﺠﺘﻧأ ﺎﳯﻜﻟو ﺎﻨﻗذ ﺎﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ قوﺬﺘﻟ ﰷﲑﻣأ ﰲ ﺎﺟاﺮﺑأ ﺮﻣﺪﻧ نأو ﻞﺜﳌ ﱂﺎﻈﻟا ﺐﻗﺎﻌﻧ نأ ﲏﻫذ ﰲ حﺪﻘﻧا نﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﰲ ةﺮﻣﺪﳌا جاﺮﺑﻻٔ ا نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺪﲻ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟاو لﺎﻔﻃﻻٔ ا ﻦﻣ ء ﺮﺑﻻٔ ا ﻞﺘﻗو ﲅﻈﻟا نأ ﺎ ﻮﻳ ﱄ ﺪﻛٔﺎﺘﻓ ،ﺎﻨﺋﺎﺴﻧو ﺎﻨﻟﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺘﻗ ﻦﻋ عﺪﺗﱰﻟو .«ﺔﻴﻌﺟرو بﺎﻫرﺎٕ ﻓ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺎﻣأو ،ﺔﻴﻃاﺮﻘﳝدو ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﻊﻳوﱰﻟاو ،ﺪﳣﻌﻣ ﰾﲑﻣأ 2004 ندﻻ ﻦﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﺳأ

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 18

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, , 1949−1906, 1791−1703 ¯ ,1928 , 1979−1903 ï , ¯ ¯¯ ¯, , ï ï ¯ ¯, ¯ , ,¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 19 ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ,1948, ,1967 ¯ ¯ , ¯ − −¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯, , ¯,, ¯ , ¯¯ ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯¯, ,, ¯ ¯, ¯:¯ 1 1989, ,¯ 20

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ , , ¯¯ <<?h†ÃÖ]<á^ÇÊù]@<JJì‚Â^ÏÖ]<ØfÎ<^Ú<±c<ìçÂ<J 1 ¯ 1979 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,, ¯ ¯,, ,¯, ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ 21

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ,1979 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ − ¯− ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ,, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, H 2 I ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯¯ ¯, , ¯ , ,¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, 400 ,2014, , , 1998 ¯ , , ¯:¯, : ,, ¯ ¯, 451, ,¯ 1 ¯ ¯ 2 ¯ ¯ 22

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯; H 2 I ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ,:¯, ¯ ¯ ï 1980,, ,¯ , 2 , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ; ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ï ¯, ,, ¯ , 23

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ 1981 H 2 I ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯: ¯ 1 ,¯ 20:, 40, 1991 ,, ¯ ,2000 ¯, 4, 5 ¯, ¯, ¯: ¯ ¯ 896,, ¯, ¯, ¯ ,¯ 10 1992−1979 : ,¯:¯, 7 ¯ ,, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ 425 ,2021, ,1941,, ¯: 2 ï ,¯ ï ¯ ¯, − ¯,, 1967 ,1968 ï ,¯ ¯ ,1975−1970 ¯ 1973 ,ï , 1980, 1980 1973 − − , 1981 =, 24

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ,1984 ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,1986 , ¯; H 2 I ¯ , ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,1985−1984 ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, 1984 ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ 1989 , ¯ 34 ,2002, ,¯ 25 ¯,= ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ 24, , 1 99 ,1991, ¯, ,¯, 2

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯, ¯ ï, ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ;1989 ï , ï , , H 1 I ¯ , ¯, ¯, ï, ¯ 1 ï, ¯ ¯ ;ï ¯ ï; ï, ,, ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ; ¯, 30 ¯ ,¯: ¯ : ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,? https://tinyurl.com/t4eds7cn 26

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, : ¯,, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ 1987 , ¯, ¯ , H 2 I : ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , 1981 = ¯ 27 ï: ¯,:¯, 1 2011,, ,¯, ,¯, 1996−1950 2 , 1950 ,¯ ¯ ,¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ : , ¯ , ¯ , ¯ 11 ¯¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯, H 1 I − − , 1983= , ¯ ¯ , ï ,1986 ï ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ,1996 ï ¯,, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, 2001−1944 1 ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯,, ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ï, 1995 ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ , ï ï ¯ ¯, ï, ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, 18 ¯ ¯¯ ,2001 ï, ¯¯ ,2001 ¯ 2007 28

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ,¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ 12 , ,¯ ¯ 1988 ¯ ¯ , ¯ <<‹é‰`jÖ]<í×u†Úæ<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<ì÷æ<J 2 ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï, H 2 I ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ï, :¯? https://tinyurl.com/67urkk6f , ¯ ,¯ 29 , : ,¯ 1 :¯ 2 538

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯, H 1 I ¯, ¯ , ¯ , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯, 1989 ¯¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,1992 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , 1994 ¯, ,¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ,2004 , ,¯, 1 5 ï, ï , ¯¯:, 2 37−36, 30

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯:¯, ¯, ,¯, ,¯ ¯ , H 1 I , , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ 1988 ¯ ¯ ¯, ,1996−1992 ¯ , H 2 I ¯, ¯−: 216 ,2002 ¯¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, =, ¯ ¯, ,, ¯ , , ¯ 1 2 , , ¯ 31

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ −1989 ¯ , H 1 I 1990 ¯, 1992−1989 ,1989 ¯ ,1990 2 , H 2 I 1992 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯ , ,ï ¯ ï ¯ 1990 ¯ < 11 <l^Ûrâæ<^ã¢]<í¹çÂ<J 3 ¯ ¯ ¯ 15 ¯ ¯ ¯ 9 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,, ¯, ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯¯ 1996 ,, ,¯ , ¯= ¯, ,2005 ¯ 1 ¯,, ï:¯ 2 195 ,2003 32

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,1991 ï ¯, H 2 I ,¯ ¯ , ,1991 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï , H 1 I ¯ ¯ , ,, ¯, 1998 ¯ ¯; ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯, ¯, 2002 33 , ¯ ¯ , ¯ 1 879 2 ¯ ¯¯ 15 ¯

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ , ¯ H 1 I 1990 ¯ ,1986 ¯ ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ H 2 I : ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ − :¯, 877,, ¯, , ï ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ = ¯ ï ¯ ¯− ¯ï, 1 1990−1989 ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï: ¯ 2 ¯ 1960 ¯ ï, ¯ ï ¯ 1989 , ¯ 34

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,1992 , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ,= ï, ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,, ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ 2015 ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ,, ,¯, ,¯:¯ 1 86 ,2010 35

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ <<<J?‚éÃfÖ]<æ‚ÃÖ]@<ç©<ÙçvjÖ]<Vì‚è‚¢]<^éqçÖçè‚èù]<J 4 1994 ¯; ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ,¯ ,1994 ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,1994 5 ¯ ¯ 1996 ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,1996, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯¯ ¯, ,ï ¯ , ¯ , :; ¯ ¯ : ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 36

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ :, H 1 I ¯¯ , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,1990 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ 2 ¯ , ¯ ¯,, ¯ 1 60 ,2006,,, ¯ 2004 ¯ ¯ 2 ¯ ¯ ¯: ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, 1982 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,: ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ 29,; ¯:¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2004 2006, 37

, ¯ ¯ ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ,¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ H 3 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ,,:¯ 1 :¯, ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/5fyadks5 ¯ ï 2 ¯: ,¯:¯, ,¯ ¯, ¯, 235−210 ,2012,, ¯, 1991 ¯ 3 ¯, ¯ ï, ¯ ï ¯, 1992 ¯ ,ï ¯, ,¯:¯, 244−234, 38

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯¯ ,1993 ¯ H 2 I ,1991 ¯ ¯, ¯ 13 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï ¯¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ H 3 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯¯ï, ¯ ¯ ,1948 , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 ,,, ¯:¯, ¯ 2009,, ¯ 2 1993 13 ï ¯ : ,1994 12 29 ,11, 3 ¯ 39

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ,¯ H 1 I , ¯ ¯, H 2 I : ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï H 3 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ , − ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ,¯: ,1996, : ¯ https://tinyurl.com/khyurauf : ¯ ,1998 https://tinyurl.com/38vcdt8z ,1997, , 161, 1 ¯ 2 3 40

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ 1996 ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ , 23 , : ,¯ , H 2 I , ¯ ¯ ï¯, ¯, , ¯ ¯ 1998 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯:¯, 1 ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, 11 ¯: : ¯ ,¯ 2011, ,¯, , ¯ ,ï ¯, ¯ ¯ 2005,, :¯, 2 https://tinyurl.com/ja25ustf 41

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 1998 , H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ 7 , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 2000 ¯ 12 ,2000 ï, ¯ ,¯ ¯;¯ ¯ ¯ï ï ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯, ¯ 1 ,¯ ï ¯ ,2002 ¯ ¯, ,2006 ¯ 3 ¯ 22 ¯ ,2003 ¯, ,¯ 2002 42

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ,¯ ¯ , 11, ¯ ¯ ¯¯, 2001 19 ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ H 1 I 3 7 ¯ ¯, ¯ <<íè‚Â^ÏÖ]<Åæ†ËÖ]<Ñ^nfÞ]<Vì‚è‚q<í×u†Ú<J 5 ¯ ,2001 ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ 2001 ¯ ,2002 ¯ 29 , ¯¯, :, , ¯, ¯: ¯ ï ¯, 2010 43 1 : ¯ ,,

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ , 2003 ¯, ,: ¯ ; ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯; ¯ ¯, ,¯ ¯, ¯ ,: , ¯ , ¯ :¯, ¯, ¯, https://tinyurl.com/5skwsw2d 1 : ¯ 44

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ¯ ,2001 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ,2004−2002 H 2 I , ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 1 I , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ 1 ¯, ï ¯ ,¯ : ¯ ¯:¯, ¯ 896, 2004 1425, , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 26,:¯ ¯:¯ ¯? ¯ ,¯ 2 :¯, ¯, https://tinyurl.com/vhxvt72n ,¯:,: 2011 7 25, 45

, ¯¯ , 2003 ; ¯ ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ï ¯, ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ; ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ , 46

دﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﳌﻮﻋو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا:ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻬ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ,2003 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , 11¯, ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ï ¯ ¯¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ 8 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2004 ¯ ¯, 2009 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ï, , ¯: ¯, 2003 , 47 ¯ 1 ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ 11 − 1423 10 ¯ 2006 ¯ 3,,

, , 2012 ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ 2007 ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ *** 48

<<<VцŽ¹]<±c<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<Ðè† <<êe†ÃÖ]<Äée†Ö]<±c<Ñ]†ÃÖ]<Ùøju]<àÚ + @ ضرأ ﺔﻛرﺎﺒﳌا ضرﻻٔ ا ﱔو ،ﲔﺘﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﱃوأ سﺪﻘﳌا ﺖﻴﺑ ﺎﳱﻓو ةرﻮﺼﻨﳌا ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻄﻟا ضرأ ﱔ مﺎﺸﻟا دﰷ ﱴﺣ ﺎﻬﻟ دﻮﳱﻟا رﺎﻔﻜﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ىﺮﻧو ،سﺪﻘﳌا ﺖﻴﺑو ﲔﻄﺴﻠﻓ ضرأ ﺮﻛﺬﺘﻧ مﺎﺸﻟا دﻼﺑ ﺮﻛﺬُﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋو ﰘﻼﳌا ﲔﻌﺴﺗ ﻦﻣ ﱶﻛأ ﺬﻨﻣ يدﻮﳱﻟا ﱯﻴﻠﺼﻟا لﻼﺘﺣ ﺖﲢ ﲔﻄﺴﻠﻔﻓ ،ﲔﻤﻠﺴﻤﻠﻟ ضرأ ﺎﳖأ ﴗﻨﻳ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ .ﺎﳱﻓ ﻢﳤﻟود ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻻٕ ذ ﺪﻌﺑ دﻮﳱﻠﻟ ﺖﻨﻜﻣو ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﻄﻳﺮﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻟﻼﺘﺣا أ ﺪﺑ ،ﺔﻨـﺳ يوﺎﻋﺮﻘﻟا ﱀﺎﺻ ماﺰﻋ ﷲﺪﺒﻋ ﺐﺋﺎﺘﻛ ﲓﻋز

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 50

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ,2003 , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/42ja9h87 51 ¯ ¯ 1 ¯ , 2004 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 80 , ¯, : ¯ : ¯ ,2010

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯, %8 2 ¯ ¯ ¯ ,%53 ¯ H 1 I %18 8 ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,% 13 ¯ ,% 6 ¯ ¯ ¯ % 41 ¯ , ,2003 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ <<<цŽ¹]<»<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<‹‰öÚ<JJëæ^Î…ˆÖ]<J 1 ¯ ¯, 2004 ï , ¯, ¯:¯ 1 123, ¯ 52

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ,1991 ¯ H 1 I , 1989 1 , ¯, , ¯ ¯¯, ¯ , ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯, ,1989 24 ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ,¯, ï, 1993 ¯ ¯ , ¯, ï, 1994 29 ¯ ¯, , ¯:¯; ï ¯, ¯ 8, ¯ , ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ï : 53

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ 23 , ¯ , ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ H 1 I , ¯ , ï¯ ¯ ¯ ,1999 ï , ,¯ , , ¯ ¯ ï; ¯ ¯: ¯¯ 1 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï, , ¯¯ ¯; ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, =, ¯¯ ï ï, 54

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ , 2000 : ,¯ ¯, , ¯ ,¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ 42 ¯ , , ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,: ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯, ï , ¯ ¯ ï, , 2001 ¯, ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯= ; ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯:¯ ¯ ¯ ï :¯, https://tinyurl.com/yzlxvu3d 55

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯,¯ ¯, ,ï ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ï, ¯ ¯ 8,, ¯ ,2004 ¯ ¯, H 2 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, H 3 I ¯ ¯, ¯ï: ¯ ,¯ −125 ,2006,, − ¯, ,, https://tinyurl.com/yzw95596 ,¯ ¯,, https://tinyurl.com/ye8chru8 :¯ 1 126 :¯ 2 : ¯ :¯ 3 : ¯ 56

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ¯, ,¯ , ,2006 ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ï ¯ ï ,¯ ï ¯, H 1 I ï ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ,¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, , ¯, ¯ ,2005 ¯ ï ï, ¯ 2005 11, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ 57 271, : ï ¯, :¯ 1

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯, ¯ H 1 I ¯ , 2006 ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ 2 ï ¯¯ , ¯ 2004 ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯, , ï 2005 ï, ¯, , ¯ ¯: ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,; ¯ ,2009 : ¯, 277−276, ¯ 1 58

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ï, ,, ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ,2005 23 ¯, ¯ ,, ¯ , 200 ¯ ¯ 88 ¯ ¯ ,2005 19 ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ,,, ,2005 28 ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 10 ¯ ;, ,¯, ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/yfemuan2 59 ¯ ¯:¯ 1 :¯,

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ,¯ 2010 ¯ ¯ ¯ 2, ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2010 ¯ ï, ï ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, 2012 ,2012 24 ¯ ¯ ¯ 2011 ¯ ¯, ¯ ï ¯ ¯, 2011 22 , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ : ¯ https://tinyurl.com/ye8zhku9 ,¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯, https://tinyurl.com/ygzrgpkq ¯:¯ 1 ¯:¯ 2 : ¯ 60

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ 2013 19, ¯ 23 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ 2014 26, ¯ ï ¯ 2014 ¯ 3 H 1 I ï ¯ ¯ , , ¯ 2019 :, ¯, ¯ H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ,24 ¯, ¯ ï ¯ https://tinyurl.com/yf9fh8nt , ¯, https://tinyurl.com/yjbmf3a4 61 :¯ 1 : ¯ :¯ 2 :¯,

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ,¯ ï ¯ ¯, −2005 ¯ 2008 ¯, , ¯, ¯ ï, ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ 2008 , ï , H 1 I ¯ ¯ ,¯ , 2005 ¯ 14 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , ï ¯, , ¯ ï , ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2016,, https://tinyurl.com/4aj97ncb ,¯:¯ 1 :¯, 62

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ , 2007 28 ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ï, ,¯ , 2004 200 ¯ , ,¯ ,1460 ,¯ ¯, , , ï H 2 I ¯ %90−85 ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ 200 ,2008 ¯, : ¯ ,¯ 2005 ¯ , ¯,, ,¯ ,¯ ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/23prjc2y 63 :¯ 1 76−75 ,:¯ 2 : ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ <<<íéqçÖçè‚èù]<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<l÷ç€æ<êe†ÃÖ]<Äée†Ö]<J 3 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2010 , ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ H 1 I ,¯ , , ,,, , ¯, 2012, , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯: , ¯ :, 23−22 ,2012, ¯ 1 ¯ 64

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,2011 ï ¯ ¯ ï ,¯ ¯ ¯, ï −ï ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ï , H 2 I ï ¯ , − ,2011 ¯ , , ï¯ ¯ ,¯ 20 ¯ 25 ¯ ¯ 10 ¯ ¯ 1 ¯ ¯ ,2011 ¯ ï, ¯, ¯ ¯, :¯ ¯ ¯,, ¯, , ï −ï −, − : ¯, 2011 5 20, 1432 17 ,¯ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkiGwWG3xuw ,, ¯ ¯, − 2 29, ¯ ¯, ï : ¯, 2011 3: 1432 https://archive.org/details/Qaeda_BenLaden2 65

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ 16 ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , H 1 I 2011 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯; ¯, ¯, ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2011 ¯ 11 ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2009 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , 1 : ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, https://archive.org/details/nvbdspocez 66

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ , ¯ ¯ ¯ 2011 ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ;¯ ¯ ¯: , <<<êe†ÃÖ]<цŽ¹]<»<…^ŽjÞ÷]<J 4 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2011 , ¯, ¯ ¯, ï ,ï ï¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ 2011 ¯ ¯ ,, ,, :¯, https://tinyurl.com/s74hkmvw 67 , ¯:¯ 1

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,2011 ¯ ¯, ¯ , H 1 I 2011 31 ¯, ¯, , ¯:, ¯ ¯ ,, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯,, H 2 I 2004 ï¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ï¯ , :,:¯, 1 : ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/48nk4aec , ! :,:¯ 2 : ¯ ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/yw84xaay 68

ﺮﻌﻟا ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا ﱃإ قاﺮﻌﻟا لﻼﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ:قﴩﳌا ﱃإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯:, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯, H 2 I *** , ¯ ,ï https://tinyurl.com/266f37pp 2011 ¯ ¯ ¯ ,6 https://tinyurl.com/ydka6v9r 69 : , : ¯ ,:¯ 1 : ¯ ,¯ 2 ¯:¯ ,2012 ,

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 70

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ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 72

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻹاو ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا رﻮﻈﻨﳌا ﰲ مﺎﺸﻟا ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , 2001 − ¯, ¯ 11 , ¯, , ¯ − ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ − ,¯ , ¯, , ¯ , , ¯ ,2003 ¯ ¯, , ¯¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯, ,1948, , 73

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯,, H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,1981 ï <<^ğ Ïe^‰<íè^ã¢]<l^éeù]<»<°ŞŠ×Ê<J 1 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ¯: ï H 2 I ¯ ,:, ¯:¯ 1 : ¯ ,35−33 https://tinyurl.com/yg2bpxhd ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯,, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, 1982−1942 ¯ 2 , ,¯, ¯, ,1979 ¯ ¯ ï, 1980 1982 ¯ ¯ ,1981 ¯ 6 74

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻹاو ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا رﻮﻈﻨﳌا ﰲ مﺎﺸﻟا ,1979 ¯ 6 ¯ ¯ ¯¯,, 1981 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯, ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, H 3 I ¯ :¯,, ¯: ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/yjjfyy2r , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/yzvckd6g ¯ ¯ = ¯ ¯ ¯ ,1970 , 1976−1937 :¯ 1 :¯ 2 ¯ 3 ,1937 75

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,ï 1974 ï ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯ ,1973, ¯ ¯ ¯ − ¯− ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ï ,ï ¯ ,¯ ï ï ,¯, ¯,= , ¯, ï, ¯ ,1971 ¯ ¯, ,¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ,1973 31 ,1974 ¯ 18 , ¯ 60 ¯ 29 1975 ,¯ ¯ ï ,1976 ¯ ¯ 76

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ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 82

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ , ¯ ,2011 ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ H 1 I ¯ ï ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , : ; , ¯ , ï , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ : ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/yg46ekm2 83 ¯ ¯ 1 , ¯ , ¯ ,¯:¯ ,2011 7 28

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ? H 1 I ï ¯ 2011 ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï: ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 2 I ¯ < 1 , ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ , ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 :¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ :, :¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯¯ https://tinyurl.com/yzcxx37c ï¯ ¯, ,¯ 2 : ¯ ,2014, https://tinyurl.com/ye69hgbb 84

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ : ¯¯ , H 1 I , ¯ , 2012¯ 24 ,2011 ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,2012 ¯ , :, ¯ H 2 I ¯, ï ¯, ¯ : 12 ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ï :¯, https://tinyurl.com/yg2fvase ,¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/ya3dmyu5 85 :¯ 1 ¯ ¯ ¯:¯ 2 : ¯ ,¯ ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ,2012 11 H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ï¯, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,2012 ¯ , , ¯¯ ¯ , ¯, ï ¯: ¯ , , ¯ 12, https://tinyurl.com/ygqgwso6 :¯,, https://tinyurl.com/yh6kctww ,¯ : ¯ 1 ,2012 ¯:¯ 2 86

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ , H 1 I ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ï, H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ : ¯ ,¯, ,2 ,2014, :¯ 1 , https://tinyurl.com/yhjadd66 : ,2015,,, ,:¯ 2 ¯, 89−88 87

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ï ¯¯ ¯ï ¯, ¯, H 3 I ¯ ¯ , ï ¯ ï ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ,2013 ¯ ¯ ï ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ , H 2 I ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ :¯, ¯ ¯ 1 ¯? ¯:¯ :¯, ¯, https://tinyurl.com/yzr99u5z ,26,, ¯ ¯¯: ,¯ ¯ 2 : ¯ https://tinyurl.com/ydnzkprm , : ¯ , ¯ 896, 2004 ¯ 3 1425 https://tinyurl.com/yf99gduo 88

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ï, ï ¯ ¯, H 2 I ¯ ï ¯ ,: ¯ <<xŞŠÖ]<î×Â<íéqçÖçè‚èù]<l^Êø¤]<‡æ†e<J 2 , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2013 ¯9 ¯ ¯ ¯ , H 3 I ¯ ¯ ¯,: https://tinyurl.com/yer2gyuq :¯,, https://tinyurl.com/yeusg4yn : ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/yjzma9x6 89 ¯ ¯ , ¯:¯ 1 : ¯ ,¯ :¯ 2 ¯ ¯:¯ 3

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ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ , ¯, ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , , , ¯ ï , ,2015 27 ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , 2015 ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ 3 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï 91

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï : ï ,¯ ï ,¯ ¯, ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 24, 9 ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ <<ÔéjéÖçeçé¢]<ífÃÖæ<íéÖæ‚Ö]<l^‰^éŠÖ]<J 3 2015 30 , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , 2015 ¯, ¯ ¯ ,2016 ¯ ¯ ,¯ 2016 15 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ : ¯ ,¯, https://tinyurl.com/yhxe5z9l ::¯ 1 92

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻪﺟو:ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺟ , 2018 ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ 2019 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ,2016 ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï ¯¯ ,¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,2013 , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ −: xxi ¯, https://tinyurl.com/yhtvhm6q 93 ¯ ¯ ¯, , ï:¯ 1 ¯ : ¯

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ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ : H 2 I ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 2011 ¯ 2012 , , ¯ , ï ¯, https://tinyurl.com/294j3vfv ¯, −: ¯ , ¯ ¯ 163−135 ¯ , , ,2018, 99 , ,¯ 1 : ¯ ,¯ 2 :¯, ,

, ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ï, , , H 1 I ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ,, ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ , , ¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/yb52bnj5 , :¯, ¯:¯ 1 ¯, 100

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,ï ¯¯ ,, ¯ ,2013 , ¯ ¯¯, ï ¯ , 17 ¯, ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ï ¯ ï ï ï¯ ï ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï ¯ ï ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï 101

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , , ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï :, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï − ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ; ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯: , , ,¯ ¯ , ï ¯ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯: 102

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا − ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï ,¯, ,¯ ï , ¯ ¯ − ¯ ¯ ¯¯, ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯, ¯ <<<íé¹^ÃÖ]<íè^ã¢]<Ý^ŠÏÞ]æ<Vð^ύù]<h†u<J 2 ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯¯, ,2014 11 , ¯ ¯ ¯, ,ï ï¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, H 2 I ¯ ï ¯ï, ¯ ¯, ï , ¯ :¯,, https://tinyurl.com/y59jtwu4 ,¯,: https://tinyurl.com/ymhu43st 103 ,¯:¯ 1 ,:¯ 2 : ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ï, ¯, ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , , , , 13 ¯ , ,, ¯ ,ï ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ , H 2 I ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,2014 ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ï , ¯, ¯ ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/266kd8x9 ¯, ,, :¯ 1 :¯ 2 104

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯ ¯, ,¯ ¯ ï ï ¯, , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ï ï ¯, , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ 105

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ï¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ 2020 ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ï, ¯, , ï ï ¯ ï, ¯ ï ,¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ï, ,¯ ¯ ï H 1 I ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯ : ¯ ,¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/26p546v2 ¯, ,¯ ¯ ,:¯ 1 ¯ 106

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯, ï , , ¯ ¯ : , ,¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , , , ï 2001 ¯ ¯ [áçè^ã¢]<Ì×j−<]ƒ^Ú<î×Â<Vsãß¹]<í×ò‰_<J 3 ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯ , , ,?: , ¯ ¯ ¯ 11 ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , 2006 ¯, 107

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ , ¯ ,ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ,?ï: ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï¯, ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,? ï: ¯ ï¯ ï , ï, −, , ¯ − , ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I , : ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/2d38ms7a ,¯:¯ 1 ¯, 108

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ï , , ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ ï, , ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ ï¯ ïï ¯ ï ; ¯, ¯ï, ¯ ¯ H 1 I , ¯ ¯ ï ï ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ : − 1 ¯ ; ¯ ¯ 1 , ¯ ¯ 109

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ï , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , ,¯ ,,, , ,ï ¯ , ,,, ¯; , − 2 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ 110

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ,2013, ¯; −3 ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ,¯ ¯, ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯; − 4 , ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ï ¯ ,, ¯ ï¯ ¯ 111

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ï , H 1 I ï <<íéqçÖçè‚è_<sâ^ßÚ<ímøm<V솒ßÖ]<íÚ‚‘<J 4 , ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ 1 112

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا ¯, , ¯ , ¯ , ¯, ; : , ¯, , ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ :, ï , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯ , 113

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯:,, , ,¯ :, , ¯ ,¯¯ ¯¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ï,, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ −¯, ¯ −¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ,¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ , ¯, , ¯¯ ¯ , ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ 114

ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻷا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺸﻧا , ; ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯, , ï ¯ ¯ ;, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2017 ¯, ,2013 *** 115

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 116

+ ^ <<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<àÂ<Ù^’ËÞ÷]æ<Ý^ŽÖ]<†è†€<íòéâ ﲀﻳﺮﻣأ ﻪﺳأر ﲆﻋو ﱄو ا ﻊﳣ ا ﺎﲠ عرﺬﺘﻳ ﱵﻟا ﻊﺋار ا ﻊﻓد ﰲ مﺎﺸﻟا ﻞﻫأ ﺔﺒﻏر ﺪﻨﻋ ﻻوﺰﻧ ،دﺎﻬﳉا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲓﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟا ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﳢﺟ فاﺪﳤـﺳا ﺔﺠﲝ مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌا ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﱒﺪﻳﴩﺗو ﻢﻬﻔﺼﻗ ﰲ ﺎﻴـﺳورو ﺢﺘﻓ ﺔﳢﺟ ﰟا ﻞﻤﲢ ﻞﲻ ﺔﳢﺟ ﻦﲷ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻋﲈﺟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ةدﺎﻋإو ةﴫﻨﻟا ﺔﳢﺟ ﰟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ءﺎﻐﻟإ رﺮﻗ ﺪﻘﻓ مﺎﺸﻟا ﱐﻻﻮﳉا ﺪﶊ ﻮﺑأ

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 118

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ 2015 ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ , 30 ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ − 2017 ¯ ¯¯ ,1− ¯ 23 ¯ − ¯ , H 1 I ; ¯ , 14 ¯ ¯ =, 119 ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ ï 15 1 ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2017

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ 2012 ¯ ¯ ,2018 ¯ ¯ 30 ï , ¯ , ,2017 4 ¯= ¯ ,2017 4 ¯, , ,¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,2017 14 30, ¯ ¯, ¯ ,2017 ¯ − ¯, 2017 21 2018 14, ¯ ¯ , ,2017 ¯ ¯ ,2018 ¯ 25 , ¯ ¯ ,2014 ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 ¯ 2017 ¯ , ¯ ¯ 4 8 7 6¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ 120

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ¯, H 1 I ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ 2018 ï , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2254 ¯ , ¯ 18 ¯, ,¯ 6 ¯ ï ¯ , 2015 ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ 1 18 , ¯ ¯ ¯ 121

, ,2017 , ¯ ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 8 ¯ ¯ , − ¯ ¯¯ ,2016 ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ <<ì‚Â^ÏÖ^e<½^fi…÷]<ÔÊæ<Ý^ŽÖ]<xjÊ<íãfq<ì÷æ<J 1 , ¯ ¯ ,¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï ,¯ , ¯ ï ¯¯ , ¯: ¯, ¯ ¯, 2016 ¯ ¯ 28 ¯ ï, 122

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ï ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯, ï : ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ H 1 I ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ : ¯ ,¯ ¯, https://tinyurl.com/2t2kwhj2 : ¯ ,21 ¯, https://tinyurl.com/5f8n3w4k 123 ï ¯ ¯, ¯, ï ï ¯, , H 2 I ¯ :¯ 1 :¯ 2

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ï ¯, , ¯, ¯ ,ï H 2 I ¯ , ¯ :ï, ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ï , , ¯ ¯ ¯ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, , ¯ https://tinyurl.com/8cxp2955 ¯ 1 ¯, ¯:¯ 2 : ¯ 124

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ , ï ¯ H 1 I , H 2 I ,ï ¯, ¯ ï: 1 ¯, ,1963, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , 1993 ï, 1998 ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï 2020 , ¯ , https://tinyurl.com/4jt48x95 125 ¯ ¯, ¯ ï ¯, , ¯ , ¯ ¯:¯ 2 :¯,

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ ï ,2016 8 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï H 3 I ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ , H 2 I ¯ ¯ 1 ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯;¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï,, ¯ ¯, ¯,,: ¯ :¯, ¯ ¯, https://tinyurl.com/4rd8evxa ,¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯:¯ 2 : ¯ ,24 https://tinyurl.com/5bjshenn :; ¯ ¯,, 3 ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, = ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ 126

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ :; ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ï ¯ ,2016 ï ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ : ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ï ï, H 1 I ¯ ¯ :, ï ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ , ,, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/v7jjmhc 127 ,= ¯ ï , ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯:¯ 1 : ¯

, , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯, ,2017 ¯ ï ¯ , ¯ , ï¯ ¯ ¯ , , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯,:¯ 1 : ¯, ¯, ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/b92x23eh 128

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ 111 ¯ 11, ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 19 2017 ¯ ¯ 4, ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , H 2 I 25 ,ï ¯ ¯ ¯ 2 ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,2017 ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,2017 2016, ¯:¯, ï ? ¯ : ¯ ,¯, https://tinyurl.com/e7ysz9u2 : ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ 25 ¯ https://tinyurl.com/eundp25h 129 ¯ 1 ¯ , ï :¯ 2

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 110 ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯,, ,,:¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ −, ¯ ï¯ ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ −¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ H 2 I ,¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/wspkyd4m :¯, ¯ ¯, https://tinyurl.com/yxbw52rj :¯ 1 : ¯ ,:¯ 2 130

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ <<?Ý^ŽÖ]<†è†€<íòéâ@<‹é‰`i<Vì‚Â^ÏÖ]<àÂ<^Ãje÷]<»<á^ÃÚý]<J 2 ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, − H 1 I ¯ ,¯ ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , 28 ï¯ ¯ , ¯ − ¯ ¯ , , , ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯: ¯,, , ,¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ : ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/y6jkbjbx 131 ¯ ¯:¯ 1

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯, , , ¯¯ , ¯ ¯¯ ,¯ ¯:¯; , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,, , ¯ ï ¯ , , ¯, ¯ ,¯, , ï H 2 I ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ; ¯ , ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ , https://tinyurl.com/2ehz4ae6 ¯¯ ,¯ :¯, ¯ 1 :¯ 2 132

ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ , ¯¯ ï ¯¯ ¯ ,2017 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï¯ ¯, , ¯ ï ¯, ¯, ¯ , 26 , ¯ , ¯¯ ï, ¯ ¯ , ¯;ï ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯ï, ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï, , H 1 I ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ : , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯:¯ 1 133

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ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻاو مﺎﺸﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ,, ::, ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ï − ¯ ¯ : ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,ï ï ¯, , ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ï, ¯, ¯ ¯ ,ï, ,, https://tinyurl.com/2ajfvahc 141 ,¯ : ¯ ,¯ :¯ 1

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ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , , ¯¯: H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, , ,¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, , ¯ ï: 1 , ï ¯, ¯ ¯ 2015 ï ¯ ï ï ,¯ ï ï ï, ï, ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ 2019 08 22 144

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ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ <<?Ý^ŽÖ]<†è†€<íòéâ@<å^Ÿ<íéÓè†Úù]æ<íéÖæ‚Ö]<l^‰^éŠÖ]<J 6 , ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ,2017 ¯ , ¯¯ , , H 1 I ¯ 2019 ¯ ¯ 4, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯, 2020 ¯ ¯ , H 2 I ,¯ ¯ , ,2020 ¯ ¯, ,, ¯¯, ï, ï , ¯ ¯, , ¯, https://tinyurl.com/4zyb86j2 ¯ ï https://tinyurl.com/jtd5fzht : ¯ ¯ ¯¯ :¯, :¯ 1 : ¯ :¯ 2 , 156

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مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» 27 ï, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ,2018 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯, ¯¯ , ¯, ¯ H 1 I :ï, ¯ ï ï ,ï , , ¯ ¯ ¯ , ï :¯, ¯ ,1, https://tinyurl.com/yfc48u6r 165 :¯ 1

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مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ,, , ,¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ; , , ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ,: ¯ ï ¯ ¯¯, , ¯ , ¯ 12 ï ¯ ¯ : ¯ : ¯, ¯ ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/bumax8zn 167 ¯ ¯, , ï , ¯ , ¯, ¯ , , ,, 1 ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ï ,¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ 1500 − ¯ −ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2000 , 1700 ¯, , ¯ ¯, 1800 ¯ ¯¯,, 2020 ¯ ¯ ,2020 ¯ 6 , ¯ 5000 3500 ¯, H 1 I ¯%70%60 ,¯,, ï ,¯ ¯ ¯¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯ : ¯ ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/eksytr ,¯:¯ 1 , ¯ 168

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» , ¯ 14 ¯ ¯ 206 , ¯ , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I 14 ,¯ %7, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,2018 ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ,¯ 28 ¯ ¯, H 2 I − ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ï , ¯ ï , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, https://tinyurl.com/rmwur5bp , ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/4cwt4wvn 169 :¯, ¯ ¯ ¯:¯ 1 :¯ 2 : ¯

,2018 ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 17 ¯ , ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ï ,, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 200 ,¯ ï ¯ ï¯ , 15 ,¯ ¯ ,2019 7, ¯ − ¯ ¯¯ ¯ H 2 I ¯ ¯ ï ¯ 16 , , ¯¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ï¯ ¯ https://tinyurl.com/n9w5c6m2 : https://tinyurl.com/hvcy28z7 ¯:¯ 1 :¯, ¯ ¯, :¯, :¯ 2 , 170

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , , ï ¯ ¯, 2019 ,2021 , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,2020 ¯, ,2021 ¯ ¯ , ¯ , ï; ¯ ¯, ï 5 ¯ ¯ ¯ ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ 1, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , H 1 I 6 ¯ ,, ¯, ¯¯ ,¯ ¯ 20 ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/fdyrchs 171 ¯ ¯:¯ 1 :¯, ¯

¯, ï ï ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯, H 2 I ¯ ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ , < 2 ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï , ,¯ ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/su7b5yns , https://tinyurl.com/kw9tp6h4 ¯::¯ 1 , ¯ ,¯:¯ 2 :¯, 172

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ¯,, ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ :2019, ,¯ ¯, ï ¯, H 1 I ï ¯¯ ï ¯ :2019 ¯ ¯ H 2 I ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯¯, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ï ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , : ï ¯, ¯ ¯ : ¯ ,¯, https://tinyurl.com/fmjkaz48 173 ¯ ¯ ,¯:¯ 1 ¯ ¯:¯ 2

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯¯ , ¯ , ¯¯, ¯, ï ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯, H 1 I ¯ , , ï ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ,2018 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2019 ¯, ¯¯ 10 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯:, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯: ,2018 ¯ ,¯ ¯,:¯ 1 ¯ 174

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯, ¯ , ,¯ ,¯ ,¯ ï ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï ¯ , , , H 2 I ¯ ¯ ¯;¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ <<<Ý^ŽÖ]<†è†€<íòéâ<ÄÚ<?ì‚ÏĒ ÃÚ<íÎøÂ@<J 3 ï ¯ ,¯ ¯, , ¯ ,ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/yfwkyf8y ¯, ¯ ¯ 175 :¯ 1 : ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯:¯ 2

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ï ¯ ,¯ − ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ 13, ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ,¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2019 24 , ¯ ¯ , , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ 2020 ¯, ¯:¯ 1 176

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯ ,2021 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2021 ¯ 17 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ 31 ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, ,¯, ¯ ¯¯, ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, 2020, ¯ ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ?¯ https://tinyurl.com/2uesap3k 177 ¯¯, :¯, :¯ 1 ¯ ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯, ¯ 50 ¯ ¯, ¯;5 4 ¯ , ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ 5¯ ¯ 2018 ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ,¯, ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ,¯ 2020 ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ − ¯ −¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ − ¯ ¯¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ :¯, ¯ ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/7jpjbjkm ¯ −¯:¯ 1 178

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ¯;2020 M4 ¯ ¯; ¯¯, ,¯ 2020 ,ï , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ , ¯, , 7, ï ï ¯ ï ¯¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ − ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯, ¯¯ , ¯ ¯ , 2020 , ¯, ¯:¯ 1 ¯, 179

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯, ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2018 ¯, ¯ , , ¯, H 1 I ,ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯¯ ¯, ¯, ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ ï ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 2 I ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ , 2020 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/2s7x6kk9 ¯? ¯¯ ¯:¯ 1 :¯, , ¯:¯ 2 180

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ,ï, ¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ , ¯¯ ¯¯, , ¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ : : ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,ï: ¯ 1 :,, ¯¯, , ¯, ¯, ¯¯ ;: ï ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯,,; ï ¯, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ : ¯ ¯¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/huh9du94 181

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ , ¯ :, , , ¯ ¯, ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ H 1 I 2020 ¯ , ,¯ ,¯ < 4 ¯ ¯ , ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ï ¯¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯ ,! ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/9vy8p9zu ¯¯, ¯:¯ 1 ¯ ¯,:¯ 182

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯, ¯, ¯¯ ,¯, ï ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 2020 H 1 I , ¯ ï , ¯ , ¯, ,2020 , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 12 ¯ ¯ , , , , ¯ ï , , ¯ ¯ ,¯ :¯, , ¯ ¯¯ ¯, , ¯ ,ï ï https://tinyurl.com/rs9exp3k 183 ¯ ¯ ¯:¯ 1 : ¯

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯¯ , , H 1 I ¯ ¯ 2018 ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ 2020 ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, 2020 ¯, ¯, ,¯ ¯ ¯¯ ,¯ ¯¯ ¯, , , ¯¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ 14 ¯, ¯ , , , ï, , ¯¯ ¯,, ,¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ? ¯: https://tinyurl.com/ypb94hp3 ¯,:¯ 1 :¯, ¯ 184

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» : ¯ ¯ ¯¯ ¯, H 1 I ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯, ¯¯ ¯ ¯ :ï H 2 I ¯ ¯ ,2020 ¯, , ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ 18 ¯,: ¯¯, ¯:¯ 1 :¯, ,¯ https://tinyurl.com/uj8azvta ¯: ¯: 2 ,:, ,: ¯ ¯, ¯ −: ¯,: ¯ ¯ ,,: : ¯ ,¯: ¯ : ,¯ ¯ ,¯: ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯: ¯,: ¯: ¯ 185

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ,¯, ¯ ¯ , ¯ , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ¯,; , ï, ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯, , ,¯ ¯ H 1 I ï ¯ ¯ ¯¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯ :¯, https://tinyurl.com/279y9xm8 :¯ 1 ¯ 186

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» ¯, ï, ¯ ¯ ¯ , H 1 I ¯ ¯ ï ¯ , , ¯ ï ¯ ï ï ¯ , ¯ ¯ ï , ,¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ï: 1 , ï ¯ 10 ¯, , ï,, ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ï ,2019 12 21 ¯ ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ¯ ¯ 187

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ï, ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ 5 ¯ ,ï , ¯ , ¯ ,2015 <<Œ]†£]æ<ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<»<l]^éÏÖ]<ÌèˆÞ<J 5 ¯ , ¯¯ ¯, ,2018 ï , ¯, ,¯ 500 ¯ ï ,2021 , ¯ ,¯ ¯ H 2 I , ¯ ¯ 2021 ¯, ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 5 ,2015 8 ¯,: ,¯ ¯,? https://tinyurl.com/4yzemwnr ¯¯, ¯:¯ 1 ï¯ ¯ ¯:¯ 2 : ¯ 188

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» 2015 ¯ 15, ¯ ,2015 5, ¯ ¯ 3, ,¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ,2016 ¯ 5, ¯ 2016 ¯ 2016 ¯ 3, ¯ ï¯ ,2016 8, ¯¯ ¯ 26, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ,2017 , ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ï, ¯, ¯¯ ¯, ,¯ ï ,2019 22 ¯, ¯, 2019 ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯, ,¯,, ¯ ¯ ¯ ,2019 22, ¯ ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ï ¯, ,2020 ¯ 15 ,2020 ¯ 14 ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,2018 ¯ , 30 ¯ , ¯ ¯ 189

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ¯ ¯ ,2019 ¯ ¯ , ¯ , , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , , , , , ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ , ¯ ,ï , , ï ¯ , , , , 2020 H 1 I ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ , ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,21 ¯, ¯ https://tinyurl.com/ywar54ur ,:¯ 1 : ¯ 190

مﺎﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺧﻷا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﺎﻫر..«ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ساﺮﺣ» , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ¯ ,¯ ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ *** 191

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 192

<<íéÛé¿ßjÖ]<íÚ‡ù]æ<JJ<Œ]†£]<^éqçÖçè‚è_ + * ﱵﻟا ﻢﻬﻌﻳرﺎﺸﻣ اﻮﻌﺟاﺮﻳو اﻮﻘﻴﻔﺘـﺴﻳ نأ ﻦﻳﺪﻫﺎ ا ةدﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﲑﻄﳋا ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻢﻀﺧ ﰲو نﻮﻗدﺎﺼﻟا ﺐﻌﺗ ؛ﺮﻓو ﺮﻛو ت ﺎﺼﻋ بﺮﳊ ﻢﻬﺴﻔﻧأ اوﺪﻌﻳو ﻢﻬﻓﻮﻔﺻو ﻢﻬﻗاروأ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ اوﺪﻴﻌﻳو ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا ﻒﻟﺎﲣ ﱴﺣ ﰁﺎﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻋ ﻢﳯﻣ اًﲑﺜﻛ ﺖﻠﻫذأ ضرﻻٔ ا ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻄﻴـﺴﻟاو ةرﺎﻣﻻٕ ا ةﺮﻜﺳَ ﻦﻜﻟو ،ﺎﲠ نﻮﺤﺼﻨﻳ ﱒو ءﲈﻜﳊاو وأ ﺮﻄﻘﻛ نٓﻻا ﺔﲚﺎﻘﻟا لو ا ﺾﻌﺑ تﺎﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱪﻛٔا تﺎﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﻴـﺴﻧ ﻦﳓ لﻮﻘﻳ نأ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺒﺑ ﺮﻣﻻٔ ا ﻎﻠﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟا وأ ﻦﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟا يﺪﻳﺮﻌﻟا ﱊﺎﺳ «ﻦﻳ ا ساﺮﺣ» ﺮﻈّ ﻨﻣ

ﺮﻌﻟا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﻮﻓأو«ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا» دﻮﻌﺻ:«ﻦﻳﺪﱢ ﻟا ساﺮّ ﺣ» ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ 194

ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻣزﻷاو.. ساﺮﺤﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳأ ï , ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ï ï¯ ¯, , , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ H 1 I ¯ ¯ ï ¯ ¯ ¯, ï ¯ ¯ , ¯ ,¯ ¯ , , ,ï 195 , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ,ï ¯ ¯ ,¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ 1 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯,

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