ეგონ ბარი 1922 წელს დაიბადა იურინგიაში. ომის შემდეგ ჟურნალისტად მუშაობდა, მათ შორის, ხელმძღვანელობდა RIAS- ს ოფისს ბონში. 1960-1966 წლებში იყო ბერლინის სენატის სპიკერი. ვილი ბრანდტის მინისტრობის დროს ხელმძღვანელობდა საგარეო უწყების დაგეგმვის შტაბს, 1969-1974 წლებში ფედერალური კანცლერის აპარატში იყო სახელმწიფო მდივანი. ბრანდტის გადადგომის შემდეგ იკავებდა ეკონომიკური თანამშრომლობის ფედერალური მინისტრის პოსტს, იყო სოციალ- დემოკრატიული პარტიის საქმეთა ფედერალური მწარმოებელი და ჰამბურგის მშვიდობის კვლევითი ინსტიტუტის დირექტორი. „ ვილი ბრანდტი და ეგონ ბარი – ეს გახლდათ თანამშრომლობის თითქმის უნიკალური შემთხვევა. თითოეულმა მათგანმა მხოლოდ მეორეს საშუალებით შეძლო საკუთარი ნიჭის სრულყოფილად გამოვლინება.“ რიხარდ ფონ ვაიცზეკერი სასიკვდილო სარეცელზე ბრანდტისთვის მის ვაჟს ლარსს უკითხავს, ვინ იყვნენ შენი მეგობრებიო. ბრანდტს უპასუხია:„ ეგონი“. ეგონ ბარი ათწლეულების განმავლობაში მართლაც იყო ბრანდტის უახლოესი პოლიტიკური თანამგზავრი და მეგობარი. დიდი სოციალ- დემოკრატი პოლიტიკოსის 100 წლის იუბილეს უძღვნის იგი ერთობლივად გატარებული წლების ძალიან პირადულ მოგონებებს – გვთავაზობს ბრანდტის, როგორც ადამიანის პორტრეტს და მთელი ეპოქის ბრწყინვალე დახასიათებას. ეგონ ბარი ეს შენ უნდა მოჰყვე მოგონებები ვილი ბრანდტზე ერთმანეთი ორმოცდაათიანი წლების ბოლოს გაიცნეს. ბერლინის მმართველმა მერმა RIAS- ს ჟურნალისტი ბარი სენატის სპიკერად დანიშნა. ბერლინის კედლის აღმართვის შემდეგ ერთად შეიმუშავეს აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკა, რაც დღემდე ბრანდტის კანცლერობის დიდ მიღწევად ითვლება. ბარი ვილი ბრანდტს საგარეო საქმეთა სამინისტროში და კანცლერის აპარატშიც გაჰყვა როგორც ყველაზე ახლო და სანდო მეგობარი. მან ბრანდტის დავალებით აწარმოა მოლაპარაკებები აღმოსავლეთის ხელშეკრულებებზე და გვერდიდან არ მოსცილებია მას არც ნდობის ვოტუმის ტრიუმფალური დაძლევისას და არც კანცლერის პოსტიდან გადადგომის მწარე წუთებში. ისინი პოლიტიკის მიღმაც ერთგული მეგობრები იყვნენ, ამ მეგობრობამ 1992 წელს ბრანდტის გარდაცვალებამდე გასტანა. ბარი ბრწყინვალედ ჰყვება აქამდე უცნობ ისტორიებს და მკითხველს აცნობს ვილი ბრანდტის ადამიანურ მხარეს. იგი მოგვითხრობს, როგორ დაიწყო ყველაფერი ბერლინში, ჰყვება ერთობლივი მოგზაურობების, მძიმე და სახალისო მომენტების შესახებ და გვახედებს ბრანდტის, ვენერისა და შმიდტის რთულ ურთიერთობებშიც. ავტორი გვაჩვენებს ბრანდტის სიდიადეს და მის მგრძნობიარე ბუნებას, განსაკუთრებით კი მის დაუღალავ შრომას უკეთესი, მშვიდობიანი და ადამიანური საზოგადოებისთვის.

egon bari `es Sen unda mohyve~ mogonebebi vili brandtze germanulidan Targmna maia fanjikiZem Tbilisi 2018

Egon Bahr „Das musst du erzählen“ Erinnerungen an Willy Brandt Übersetzt ins Georgische von Maia Panjikidze Ullstein Buchverlage GmbH, Berlin 2013 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Tbilissi 2018 redaqtori nino dekanoiZe damkabadonebeli viola tuRuSi garekanis dizaineri ilia xelaia qarTuli gamocema momzadda fridrix ebertis fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. dauSvebelia fridrix ebertis fondis mier gamocemuli masalebis gamoyeneba fondis Tanxmobis gareSe. © fridrix ebertis fondi

sarCevi egon baris„es Sen unda mohyve“ – mogonebebi vili brandtze. qarTuli gamocemis winasityvaoba (kurt beki) 5 winasityvaoba (giunter bexleri) 9 winaTqma 13 dasawyisi 15 pirveli nawili – berlini Sesavali 17 Sesasvleli bileTi 23 jer erTmaneTis gverdiT, Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad 29 1961 wlis 13 agvisto 39 Cakiruli gayofa 45 axali miznebi 52 gamouqveynebeli wigni 54 meore nawili – boni didi koalicia – arapopularuli da gardauvali 57 sagareo uwyebaSi 60 dagegmvis StabSi 67 3

sinamdvile 71 naxtomi mwvervalze 77 dasawyisi vaSingtonSi 81 mesame nawili – triumfi da tragedia moskovSi 85 SeveguoT an gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi 94 maS, imoqmede 103 upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi 106 berlinis xelSekruleba – xelovnebis nimuSi 112 germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova (satranzito SeTanxmeba) 121 yvelaferi an araferi 127 megobris gansacdeli 133 dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris ndobis zrda 136 finiSis swors 142 gaWianurebuli starti 147 veneri 152 dacema 161 Smidti da brandti 168 meoTxe nawili – rwmena axali dasawyisi 177 usafrTxoeba visTvis? 180 partniori – amerika 188 satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde mihyavxar(evropa) 192 Seican Tavi Seni 197 `rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~ 212 is, rac rCeba 223 4

egon baris„es Sen unda mohyve“ – mogonebebi vili brandtze qarTuli gamocemis winasityvaoba egon bari omis Semdgomi periodis germaniis yvelaze mniSvnelovan social-demokratTa rigs ganekuTvneboda. vili brandtma da misma erTgulma Tanamoazrem 1963 wels erTad Camoayalibes da ganamtkices formula„gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT“, romelic social-liberaluri koaliciis dros aRmosavleTis axali politikis safuZveli gaxda. amdenad, barma gadamwyveti wvlili Seitana germaniis gayofisa da evropis gaxleCis gadalaxvaSi. saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli eqsperti xandazmul asakSic iRvwoda mSvidobisa da xalxTa Soris megobrobisaTvis. bari 1922 wels daibada tiuringiaSi da jariskaci iyo meore msoflio omSi. 1945 wlis Semdeg jer Jurnalistad muSaobda. 1956 wels gaxda social-demokratiuli partiis wevri. 1960 -dan 1966 wlamde berlinis miwis presisa da informaciis samsaxurs xelmZRvanelobda, Sesabamisad, is gaxldaT vili brandtis, rogorc senatis xelmZRvaneli mmarTveli meris spikeri. Semdeg sagareo uwyebaSi gadavida, sadac 1967 -dan 1969 wlamde dagegmvis Stabze iyo pasuxismgebeli. 1969 wels federaluri kancleris aparatSi 5

asrulebda saxelmwifo mdivnisa da berlinis sakiTxebSi federalur saqmeTa rwmunebulis funqcias. 1972 -dan 1974 wlamde ki sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrad msaxurebda. am wlebSi federalur kancler vili brandtTan erTad praqtikul politikaSi gaatara germaniisa da aRmosavleTis axali politika.„aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis arqiteqtorma“ dauRalavad iRvawa sabWoTa kavSirTan, poloneTTan, CexoslovakiasTan, da, rasakvirvelia, gdr-Tan TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli urTierTobebis CamoyalibebisTvis. baris zrunvis mudmivi amocana iyo germaniis orive nawilis mosaxleobis keTildReoba da dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris Tanaarsebobis gaioleba. am saqmeSi igi eyrdnoboda varSavis xelSekrulebis wevr saxelmwifoebTan molaparakebebis monawileebTan TandaTanobiT damyarebul ndobasa da partniorobas. baris ganmuxtvis politika patara nabijebis politika iyo, romelmac sabolood warmatebamde migviyvana – 1990 wels germaniis gaerTianeba egon baris gareSe warmoudgeneli iqneboda. bari 1972 wlidan iyo bundestagis wevri, 1974 -dan 1976 wlamde ki ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federaluri ministri; igi gaxldaT social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi yvelaze gamokveTili moazrovne. 1976 -dan 1981 wlamde saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi seriozuli kvali daaCnia partias. bari mudam Tavisi ganmuxtvis politikis erTguli darCa. 1980 -dan 1982 wlamde gaxldaT wevri olof palmes mier daarsebuli„ganiaraRebisa da saerTo usafrTxoebis damoukidebeli saerTaSoriso komisiisa“. 1984 wlidan 1994 wlamde ki samecniero direqtoris rangSi xlmZRvanelobda mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis politikis samecniero instituts hamburgSi. 6

egon bari da fridrih ebertis fondi erTmaneTTan mravalmxriv iyvnen dakavSirebuli. 1979 -dan 2000 wlamde bari fondis gamgeobis wevri gaxldaT da mis saerTaSoriso mimarTulebas mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravda. 2015 wlis 20 agvistos gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre igi fridrih eberts fondTan erTad gegmavda mogzaurobas saqarTveloSi: moskovis mier saqarTvelos gaxleCva, gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, 1950 -iani da 60 -iani wlebis germaniis situacias agonebda. saqarTveloSic xedavda bari patara nabijebis politikis Sanss gaxleCis dasaZlevad – da mzad iyo rCevebi gaeca. egon barma es gegma veRar Seasrula. swored amitom, mis„mogonebebs vili brandtze“, romelic barisa da brandtis politikur naazrevs STambeWdavad da saxalisod gadmoscemT, mraval mkiTxvels vusurvebT saqarTveloSi. kurt beki yofili premier-ministri fridrih ebertis fondis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare 7

winasityvaoba „mogonebebi egon barze“ unda erqvas am wigns, romelic ara mxolod vili brandtis memkvidreobaze mogviTxrobda, aramed winamdebare Txzulebis aw gardacvlili avtoris uzarmazar damsaxurebaze. vili brandts da egon bars – ganmuxtvis politikis arqiteqtorebs – mWidro megobroba akavSirebdaT, orive maTgani imsaxurebs pativiscemasa da madlierebas gasuli saukunis 60 -ani da 70 -iani wlebis aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispirebis daZlevis gabeduli politikisTvis. dResac aranaklebi intensivobiT vmsjelobT evropis SemaSfoTebeli ganviTarebaze,„dasavleTsa“ da ruseTs Soris daZabul da mwvave urTierTobaze, vidre maSin. albaT bevrs axsendeba helsinkis finaluri aqtis xelmoweramde arsebuli damuxtuli urTierToba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris. arada, bevri ram Seicvala 1975 wlis Semdeg: sistemebs Soris globaluri konfliqti Caanacvla regionuli gavlenis zonebisa da maTze batonobis konfliqtma; blokebis sworxazovani dapirispireba – multipolarulma da bundovanma struqturam; transatlanturma aliansma mkafiooba dakarga da a. S. da mainc: Sesadareblad da evropis dRevandeli ganviTarebis gasaazreblad,„mogonebebs vili brandtze“ fasdaudebeli mniSvneloba aqvs. 9

ratom iTargmna„mogonebebi“ qarTulad? ori mniSvnelovani faqtori Seerwya erTmaneTs, ramac saqarTveloSi am wignis mimarT interesi gamoiwvia. erTi mxriv, me, rogorc Sveicariis elCi saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad yoveldRe vesaubrebodi am wignis mTargmnelsa da saqarTvelos yofil sagareo saqmeTa ministrs maia fanjikiZes saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqtebisa da qarTul-rusuli urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv ki Tavad gaxldiT 80 -iani wlebis meore naxevarSi hamburgis universitetis „mSvidobis kvlevisa da usafrTxoebis politikis institutis“ mecnier-TanamSromeli; am instituts maSin egon bari xelmZRvanelobda. amgvarad, 2014 wlis ivnisSi, rodesac Sveicaria euTos Tavmjdomareobda, egon barisa da mcirericxovani qarTuli delegaciis Sekreba movaxerxe Stain am rainSi. qarTul delegacias sagareo saqmeTa ministri xelmZRvanelobda. ordRiani araformaluri Sexvedra or erTmaneTTan mtrulad ganwyobil saxelmwifos – saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris daZabulobis moxsnis koncefciebisa da ideebis ganxilvas emsaxureboda. oTxmocdaTormeti wlis egon bari, miuxedavad asakisa, energiiT savse gaxldaT; man qarTvel megobrebs Tavisi usazRvrod didi gamocdileba gauziara da bevri mniSvnelovani rCeva misca germanul-germanuli urTierTobebis warmatebis Tu transatlantur-sabWoTa urTierTobebis Sesaxeb diplomatiuri molaparakebebis magaliTebze dayrdnobiT. „mogonebebi vili brandtze“ uaRresad STambeWdavad ajamebs yvela im faqtors, ramac sabolood migviyvana civi omis daZlevamde da germaniis gaerTianebamde – dapirispirebul interesTa dasacxrobad Seqmnili diplomatiuri formulebi, SeTanxmebebis„SemoqmedebiTi orazrovneba“, 10

orive germanuli saxelmwifos aqtiuri roli ganmuxtvis politikaSi, moskovsa da vaSingtons mimarT transparentuloba, konkretul aqtorebs Soris ndobis atmosferos Seqmna TviT SeiaraRebis kontrolisa da samxedro sferoSic ki, amave dros ki sakuTari demokratiuli interesebis, principebisa da Rirebulebebis dacva. am wignis mniSvneloba ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan globaluri polarizebis fonze ufro metad gamwvavda konfliqti saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris. imeds gamovTqvam, rom„mogonebebi“ saqarTveloSi bevr mkiTxvels daainteresebs da qveyanaSi arsebuli dapirispirebis gadalaxvaSi Seitans wvlils. konfliqtiT dazaralebuli, rTul pirobebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, afxazebi da osebi uTuod madlierebi darCebian. giunter bexleri elCi euTos Tavmjdomaris specialuri warmomadgeneli saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris Jenevis molaparakebebSi 11

winaTqma vili brandtma Segnebulad datova Tavis`mogonebebSi~ TeTri laqebi:`es Sen unda mohyve~. misi ndoba aRmosavleTisa da ganmuxtvis politikas efuZneboda. am mowodebas wigniT –`Cems dros~ vupasuxe. axla ki vsargeblob SemTxveviT da mogiTxrobT istoriasa da istoriebze, aRvwer, Tu rogor iqca TanamSromloba megobrobad, romelic misi gardacvalebis Semdegac Tan mdevs. cxovreba droTa ganmavlobaSi aqrobs wvrilmanebs, romlebic am ambis nawilia. meore mxriv ki, mexsierebam SeCerebuli kadrebiviT Semoinaxa sakvanZo movlenebi da gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic arsad gamqrala. siaxlove yvelaze pirad sivrceSi Caxedvis saSualebas iZleva, Tumca, mxolod imdenad, rom megobroba aRwero. amas moiTxovs pativiscema cocxlebsa da gardacvlilTa mimarT. 13

dasawyisi orivem vicodiT: ukanasknelad vxvdebodiT da vsaubrobdiT. amqveyniuri vnebebi ukve ukan moetovebina, triu­ mfi da wyena veRar swvdeboda. mis ukanasknel, Zalze piradul sityvebs gulSi vinaxav. es misgan moniWebuli gansacvifrebeli saCuqaria, rogori RirsebiT Sexvda aRsasruls. karTan kidev erTxel mivtrialdi. erTmaneTs xeli davuqnieT. mas Semdeg Tavs marto da dacarielebulad vgrZnob. albaT erTi kvira Tu iqneboda gasuli misi gardacvalebidan, roca lars brandtisgan xelnaweri baraTi miviRe. – mamaCems rom davemSvidobe, wesisamebr, da ukve gamovdiodi, vkiTxe:`vin iyvnen Seni megobrebi?~ vilis upasuxia:`egoni~. am ambidan oci wlis Semdeg es mmatebs gambedaobas, vcado Cemi mogonebebi movyve. 15

pirveli nawili – berlini Sesavali aRar maxsovs, rodis gavige pirvelad vili brandtis saxeli. mexsierebam ver aRidgina, rodis Sevxvdi da vesaubre pirvelad. etyoba, gansakuTrebuli Sexvedra ar yofila. uSualod omis Semdgom periodSi brandti, rogorc norvegiis samxedro misiis wevri, TvalSi ar unda momxvedroda. 1945 wlis zafxulSi Cemze STabeWdileba moaxdina sab­W­oTa kavSiris mier okupirebuli zonisa da berlinis qristian-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris, iakob kai­z­eris Tavdajerebulobam, rogor gegmavda Crdilo-­ ra­ini-vestfaliis warmomadgenel karl arnoldTan da miunxenel iozef(oqsenzep) miulerTan erTad adenaueri Zalauflebisgan CamoeSorebina. igi ambobda,`adenauers, am separatists ar unda Cauvardes xelSi mTeli qristian-demokratiuli partia~. 1949 wels ki ijda bonSi adenaueris pirvel kabinetSi saerTo germanuli sakiTxebis federalur ministrad, maT Soris, ar dagvaviwydes, germaniis gayofis sakiTxic mas exeboda da cdilobda sakuTari partiis dasaqmebulTa flangTan erTad patara samflobelo Seeqmna. 1949 wlidan vimyofebodi bonSi rogorc RIAS -is(ameri­ kuli seqtoris radio) korespondenti da sxva JurnalistebiviT, profesiuli saWiroebisamebr, bundestagis 17

partiebis wamyvan politikosebs vekontaqtebodi. orSabaTis Sexvedrebze, romelic kolegebTan erTad davawese, Zalze gulRiad vsaubrobdiT(Sepirebul diskrecias aravin arRvevda) yvela partiis warmomadgenel mniSvnelovan batonebTan – qalebi politikaSi TiTqmis ar Candnen. kancleri adenaueri Caize gvepatiJeboda xolme pale SaumburgSi. Cvens wreSi iakob kaizers`kaizers samflobelos gareSe~ veZaxdiT, sanam 1955 wels pativiscemam ar Secvala aseve pativiscemiT ganmsWvaluli qiliki. ministri daupirispirda Tavis kanclers, romelmac parizTan SeaTanxma zaaris mxaris evropuli statusi, sakmaod Riad moqmedebda da saarCevno kampanias am statusis sawinaaRmdegod afinansebda. man`gaimarjva~: zaarlandelebma xmaTa TiTqmis 68 procentiT federalur respublikasTan mierTeba gadawyvites. boni uaRresad myudro patara qalaqi aRmoCnda. Cemma dias­axlisma, rodesac misgan avejiT gawyobili oTaxi viqirave da vkiTxe, xom gixariaT, rom axla boni droebiTi dedaqalaqia-meTqi, gacofebulma mipasuxa:`ra Tqma unda, ara! quCazec ki veRar gadaxval, ukan Tu ar miixede, manqana xom ar modiso~. berlinidan vicnobdi franguli licenziis`kurieris~ mTavar redaqtors, pol burdins. mas moswonda kancleris keTilganwyoba safrangeTis mimarT da federaluri mTavrobis brwyinvale spikeri iyo. erT mSvenier dilas damireka da gaognebulma Sematyobina, guSin saRamos adenauers vaxldi riondorfSi da ueWvelia,`moxucs gaerTianeba saerTod ar unda~. gadadgomis meti aRaraferi darCenia, radgan yoveldRiurad uwevs sapirispiros mtkicebao. kidev sami kvira TamaSobda, CaxlarTulad laparakobda da Semdeg marTlac gadadga. es faqti iqca 18

adenauris mimarT Cemi dapirispirebis sakvanZo movlenad. sul ufro da ufro cxadad vacnobierebdi, rom is da valter ulbrixti, sinamdvileSi, kongenialuri politikuri figurebi iyvnen. orive maTgans ewada qveynis Tavisi nawilis Semomtkiceba da sakuTari wonis gazrda, rogorc aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. TiTeuli maTgani, qveynis Tavis nawilSi aRmoCnda uZlieresi pirovneba da isini flobdnen politikur asparezs. adenauerze, SumaxerTan mimarTebiTac igive iTqmis. social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare kurt Sumaxeri Zalian momwonda; man, zedmeti aliaqoTis gareSe, jer kidev konstituciis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, SeunarCuna federacias finansur sakiTxebSi uzenaesoba, gamarjvebul ZalebTan mimarTebaSi da amiT meti wona Semata germanias. adenauers ukve Caqneuli hqonda xeli. warmodgenac ki SeuZlebelia, rogor ganviTardeboda federaluri jaris aRmSenebloba, dafinansebis sakiTxi miwebis Tanxmobaze rom yofiliyo damokidebuli. miwebis federacia federaluri saxelmwifos nacvlad: Sumaxeris mier finansebis sakiTxSi mopovebuli uzaenaesobis gareSe, federaciuli respublika sxvanairi iqneboda. Sumaxerma kidev erT istoriul gadawyvetilebas miaR­ wia jer kidev 1945 wels. dasavleTis zonebSic, aRmosavleTis msgavsad, SeimCneoda mondomeba, eswavlaT vaimaris respublikis Secdomebze. oto grotevolma, rogorc ger­manis social-demokratiuli partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomarem, mouwoda germaniis muSaTa klass ebrZolaT organizaciuli erTobisTvis da imedi hqonda, Tavad gaxdeboda pirveli, vinc aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi mcxovrebi yvela germanelis saxeliT ilaparakebda. es im dros xdeboda, roca dasavleTis sam zonaSi so19

cial-demokratiuli partiis erTiani organizaciac ki ar iyo nebadarTuli. aq ori kaci acxadebda liderobaze pretenzias. pirad SuRlsac ar uTamaSia mcire roli, rom Sumaxerma`raixSi~ aRkveTa erTiani partiuli organizacia, romelic yvelas pirze ekera, roca potsdamis konferenciam germania ar gayo. federalurma prezidentma Teodor hoisma Sumaxeris dauviwyari Rvawli uwoda im faqts, rom moxerxda totalitaruli ideologiis Sekaveba. Sumaxeri mixvda, rom tyuilad ar epareboda eWvi,`SeinarCunebda Tu ara berlini moqmedebis Tavisuflebas~ mas Semdeg, rac moskovma komunisturi partiebis da social-demokratiuli partiis germaniis erTian socialistur partiasTan Serwyma gadawyvita. ernst lemeri, iakob kaizeris moadgile, ambobda odnav mogvianebiT, qristian-demokratiul partiasac igive bedi ewia Tavisi antipodebis, kaizerisa da adenaueris wyalobiTo. berlinis mimarT undoblobiT ganmsWvalulebi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs – germaniis gayofaSi, romelzec maTze Zlierebi agebdnen pasuxs, maTac Seitanes patara wvlili. Sumaxeri Tavdajerebuli germaneli gaxldaT. faSistebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli kacis siamaye aZlevda uflebas, oTx gamarjvebul ZalasTan, germaniis interesebis dacvisas principulad, lamis uxeSad elaparaka, TiTqos TanasworTa Soris Tanaswori yofiliyo; suverenuli saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli gegoneboda, rac Cvens qveyanas maSin namdvilad ar eTqmoda. bevri ucxoelis yurs misi sityvebi nacionalistur ritorikad xvdeboda, yovel SemTxvevaSi, adenaueris enas ver Seadarebdi, igi Sumaxers agdebulad uwodebda`morgebuls~. sul ufro pativiscemiT vimsWvalebodi am kacis mimarT, vinmes dauxmareblad TiTqmis rom veRar moZraobda da miuxedavad 20

imisa, rom grZnobda, bevri dro aRar damrCeniao, Tavs ar indobda da mTeli SemarTebiT ibrZoda Tavisi miznebisTvis. garda amisa, bonSi gatarebulma samma weliwadma damarwmuna, rom social-demokratiuli partia iyo erTaderTi, romelmac gulwrfelad daisaxa Cveni qveynis gaerTianeba Tavisi politikis prioritetad. amitom misi wevroba mominda, magram Sumaxerma mirCia, nu izamo: mirCevnia, radioSi social-demokratebis kvotas ar migaTvalono. berlinSi vili brandtis saarCevno kampania partiis TavmjdomareobisTvis, franc noimanis winaaRmdeg, borZikiT mimdinareobda, me mas bonidan vakvirdebodi, maSin gavicani brandti Soridan. igi`didi meris~ ernst roiteris axalgazrda megobrad iTvleboda. orive emigraciidan akvirdeboda`raixis~ dacemas. orive ufro met simpatias gamoxatavda amerikis mimarT, vidre social-demokratiuli partiis xelmZRvaneloba bonSi. orive ufro gaxsnili, Ria iyo, vidre Sumaxeri. 1953 wlis dasawyisSi rodesac RIAS -is mTavari redaqtori gavxdi, roiters xSirad vxvdebodi. vmsjelobdiT xolme mas da bonSi social-demokratiuli partiis xelmZRvanelobas Soris sagareo politikis sakiTxebSi arsebul daZabulobaze. STabeWdileba mrCeboda, rom iziarebda Cems rCevas, partiis TavmjdomareobisTvis ebrZola. SevTanxmdiT, saubari kvlav gagvegrZelebina. samwuxarod, SeTanxmeba fuWi aRmoCnda, radgan 1953 wlis Semodgomaze uecrad gardaicvala. roiteris gardacvalebis Semdeg brandti CemTvis`mister berlini~ gaxda, ara bundestagSi misi gamosvlebis Sinaarsis, aramed misi uSualo saubris gamo, romelsac bundovani partiuli ritorikis araferi ecxo. es gaxldaT kaci, romelsac mzera aRmosavleTiskenac miepyro, maSin, 21

roca bonelebi sul ufro da ufro dasavleTisken iyurebodnen da moqmedebdnen. isev movindome misi partiis wevri gavmxdariyavi. bundestagis restoranSi Sevxvdi, rom misi azri momesmina.`bonSi miRebuli mTeli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT mivxvdi, rom es aris erTaderTi partia, romelsac marTlac swadia qveynis gaerTianeba~, ase davasabuTe Cemi survili. maSinve CamixSo vneba:`gadaWarbebuli warmodgena gaqvT partiis wevrobiT gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobaze~. xandaxan garedan gamoxatuli poziciiT mets miaRwev, vidre SigniT yofniTo. ase rom meored gamomistumres uariT. 22

Sesasvleli bileTi Sumaxeris gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1952 wels, memkvidred misi moadgilis-erix olenhaueris arCeva droebiT movlenad aRiqmeboda. londonis emigraciidan dabrunebuli es alali demokrati adenauerisTvis namdvilad ar warmoadgenda safrTxes. qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-socialuri partiebis gaerTianebam plakatebs daawera: `mTavari kancleria~. social-demokratebma am lozungs daupirispires:`olenhaueri adenaueris nacvlad~ da, sinamdvileSi, adenauers uwevdnen reklamas. ormocdaaTiani wlebis SuaSi misi epoqis dasasruli jer ar Canda. qdk/ qsk gaerTianebaSi jer ar gamokveTiliyo misi memkvidre, xolo ekonomikuri saswaulis mamas, ludvig erhards adenauerma aseTi ganaCeni gamoutana:`aba scadeT da pudingi miaWedeT kedelze~. olenhaueris Semdeg social-demokratiul partiaSi oTx saxelze msjelobdnen. eseni iyvnen: karlo Smidi, romelmac konstitucias daaCnia didi kvali, fraqciis Tavmjdomare friTc erleri da Semdeg modioda ori saxeli – asakobrivi ierarqiiT bonel Jurnalistebs manamde naklebad rom moxvedrodaT TvalSi – brandti da Smidti. erlerma karlo Smidts, bundestagis gamorCeul, brwyinvale orators, uwoda kaci, romelsac didi momavali ukve 23

ukan moetovebina. asaxelebdnen kidev erTs – herbert veners; mas zurgs umagrebda xelSeuxebeli antikomunistis, Sumaxeris rekomendacia, yofili komunisti veneri, miuxedavad moskovuri warsulisa, WeSmarit social-demokratad gadaiqcao, Tumca swored misi warsuli xdida partiis Tavmjdomareobas SeuZlebels. olenhaueris mier ungreTis 1956 wlis ajanyebaze gakeTebuli suleluri komentaris Semdeg brandts momavali wlis arCevnebze misi partiis saSineli damarcxeba vuwinaswarmetyvele da kidev erTxel daviJine, amJamad bundestagis restornis terasaze, partiaSi unda Semovide-meTqi.`visac rCeva ar esmis, araferi eSveleba~, gaicina man Tanxmobis niSnad. ase gavxdi 1956 wels partiis wevri. brandtisTvis es did risks ar warmoadgenda. Cemi komentarebi radioSi, ramdenadac misTvis cnobili iyo, kargad esadageboda mis ambiciur warmodgenas Tavdajerebul sagareo politikaze. es`mziTvad~ mivitane. brandtma damisaxela misamarTi berlinSi, romelic partiuli wignakisTvis damWirdeboda rogorc bonel korespondents. mogvianebiT aRmovaCine, rom hainrix albertcis misamarTi moucia. Cemi, rogorc social-demokratiuli partiis axalgamomcxvari wevris savizito baraTad iqca sityva, romelic berlinis celendorfis olqSi 1957 wlis ianvarSi warmovTqvi, olqis delegatebis Sekrebaze. rogorc`ara dabadebiT social-demokratma, aramed mogvianebiT Camoyalibebulma~, vaRiare, rom miWirda mimarTva`amxanagoTi~, radgan vfiqrobdi, es sityva uazro tradicionalizmad ar unda qceuliyo, aramed unda gaeTavisebina politikuri ojaxis kuTvnilebis gancdas. 24

Sida politikuri situaciis daxasiaTebis Semdeg vTqvi:`partiaSi Sevedi ara sazogadoebis Sesacvlelad, aramed imisTvis, rom partiis sagareo politika Sevcvalo~.`social-demokratiulma partiam unda Seitanos wvlil­ i eris cnebis mimarT germanelTa SeboWili damo­ kidebulebis daZlevaSi~.`yvela im danaSaulis gaTvalis­ winebiT, romlebic eris saxeliT sxva xalxebisa da sakuTari xalxis mimarT ganxorcielda, ar unda davuSvaT eris cnebis uaryofa~.`damwvar bavSvs eSinia cecxlis, magram cxel saWmelze mTeli cxovreba xom ver ityvis uars. sanam germania gayofilia, Cven eri ara varT. erze uaris Tqma gaerTianebaze uaris Tqmas niSnavs. es iqneboda Cveni xalxis TviTmkvleloba da demokratiis Ralati; radgan demokratia dasruldeba, Tuki gaerTianebis ideas ver gaumkvlavdeba~. Semdeg pirvelad warvadgine Tanmimdevrulad sagareo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. Cemi maSindeli gamosvlidan qvemoT moyvanili azrebi warmoaCens ganmuxtvis grZelvadiani politikis mimarT srul Tanmimdevrulobas da Sinagan simtkices:`aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris ar unda mivdioT aiwona-daiwonas politikas... Cveni dasavleli mezoblebis mxardaWeris gareSe saerTod SeuZlebelia germaniis sagareo politikis ganxorcieleba ... komunizmma, rogorc ideologiam, Tavisi dro moWama... ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebma, roca saqme saqmeze midga, ruseTis ideologiur interesebs gadaaswro... Cveni usafrTxoeba Zevs amerikis mier mocemul garantiaSi... nato unda moqmedebdes, sanam mas iseTive usafrTxoebis ukeTesi meqanizmi Secvlides... gaerTianebis fasad unda ganvixiloT aliansis wevrebis atomur SeiaraRebaze daTanxmeba da mxolod gaerTianebuli germaniis saxeliT 25

aviRoT atomur iaraRze uaris Tqmis valdebuleba... usafrTxoebis nebismieri xelSekruleba, romelic moicavs aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs da amerikis yofnas kontinentze, dasaSvebia... germaniis omis Semdgomi politikis axal fazas ewodeba aRmosavleTis politika~. brandts arasodes ukamaTia CemTan am gamosvlaze. man icoda teqsti, romelic, simwvavis gamo, mxolod organizatorebisTvis mqonda gagzavnili. Sesabamisad, icoda, ra vTqvi da ras vfiqrobdi. Semdgomi aTwleulebis manZilze, praqtikul saqmianobaSi, Cven Soris politikis mimarTulebaze kamaTi ar yofila. Tu SemekiTxebiT, rogor vaaxloebdiT gansxvavebul poziciebsa da gadawyvetilebis alternatiul SesaZleblobebs da xandaxan mainc Tu vewinaaRmdegebodiT erTmaneTs, SemiZlia gipasuxoT: aseTi ram ar momxdara. gvisaubria taqtikur mizanSewonilobaze, sasargeblo Tu zedmet argumentebze gamosvlis an dokumentis werisas. umetesad, vendobodi mis Seudarebl­ ad did gamocdilebas, magram masac SeeZlo sxvebis argumenti gaeziarebina. didi xani damWirda, sanam srulad gavicnobiere Cveni saerTo TvalTaxedva. wlebis ganmavlobaSi es ise daixvewa, rom, sxvebis TandaswrebiT, misi Tavis moZraobaze Tu warbis awevaze vxvdebodi, ras fiqrobda. politikuri mimarTuleba iyo swori. moulodneli siurprizebi ar meloda. 1957 wlis oqtomberSi, Cemi gamosvlidan naxevari wlis Semdeg, vili brandtis berlinis mmarTvel merad arCevas, bonidan zerelad vadevnebdi Tvals. Tumca, misi sagareo politikuri mniSvnelobis zrda Cemze STabeWdilebas axdenda. vaRiarebdi, rasac miaRwia berlinisTvis. gulwrfeli aRfrTovanebiT Sevcqerodi, magram wamiT ar gamivlia TavSi, rom rodesme masTan vimuSavebdi. arc fe26

deralur mTavrobaSi ufiqria vinmes gansakuTrebulad, rom gamoCnda kaci, romlisTvisac angariSi unda gaewiaT. adenauersac ki. 1959 wels federalurma mTavrobam gadawyvita, ganviTarebad qveynebSi ganTavsebul Cvens saelCoebSi ramdenime Jurnalisti mievlina. 1958 wels xruSCovis ultimatumis Semdeg, romliTac man dasavleT belinis`Tavisufal qalaqad~ aRiareba da dasavleli mekavSireebis jarebis gayvana moiTxova, dasavleTs gdr-is araRiarebisTvis unda emuSava am saxelmwifoebSi. me damniSnes ganaSi dasavleT afrikis regionalur rwmuneblad. dabrunebisas sagareo saqmeTa ministrma hainrix fon brentanom(qdk) sagareo saqmeTa uwyebaSi darCena SemomTavaza. TiTqmis imave dros SemomTavaza henri nanenma uaRresad momxibvleli ram – misi moadgilis rangSi memuSava Jurnal`Sternis~ politikur gamocemad gardaqmnaze(mecamete xelfasi saSobaod, meToTxmete xelfasi SvebulebisTvis, samsaxuris manqana da saxli). sanam CemTvis vbWobdi, berlinis federalurma senatorma giunter klainma damireka: mmarTvel mers surs gagesaubroTo. brandts bundestagis foieSi Sevxvdi dilis aT saaTze – misTvis, rogorc mogvianebiT gavige, es dro TiTqmis SuaRames udrida. arc davmsxdarvarT, mokled mkiTxa, Cemi presis ganyofilebis ufrosi xom ar gaxdebodio. erTi wamic ar miyoymania, ise daveTanxme. danaCeni CdS sTan gaarkvieo.`vin aris da ra aris CdS ?~`senatis kancelariis Sefi. mTavaria, mas mourigdeT~. vkiTxe, axla vin aris am postze-meTqi.`pensiaze gadis~.`rodis daviwyo muSaoba berlinSi?~`rac SeiZleba, male~. saubari sami wuTic ar gagrZelebula. xandaxan ra swrafad miiReba mTeli momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetile27

bebi. kancelariis Sefi hainrix albertci aRmoCnda. masTan SevaTanxme detalebi da berlinis senatis presisa da informaciis samsaxuris ufrosad dawyebis TariRi – 1960 wlis pirveli Tebervali. 28

jer erTmaneTis gverdiT, Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad samsaxuris dawyebidan oriode dReSi Sedga Cveni pirveli kerZo saubari. gvian saRamos marto aRmovCndi uzarmazar sawer magidasTan mjdomi brandtis pirispir.`kacma rom Tqvas, erTmaneTs wesierad arc ki vicnobT~, iyo Cemi pirveli winadadeba. am uwyinarma frazam saxe gauxeva. fxukiani unda yofiliyo, rom Cemi naTqvami daaxloebis utifar mcdelobad aReqva. misi mwyrali mimika CemTvis adgilis miCenis tolfasi iyo. mxolod maSin molba, roca davamate:`me Tqven yovelTvis getyviT, rasac gavifiqreb, gindac ar mogewonoT~. Semawyvetina:`Zalian cudi saTqmeli Tu geqnebaT, gTxovT, mxolod maSin miTxraT, roca martoni viqnebiT~. Cemi pasuxi:`Tqveni gadawyvetilebebi Seuvali iqneba, mTavaria, sindiss ar ewinaaRmdegebodes~. sakiTxi ase arasdros dasmula. mas maSin miuaxlovdebodi, Zalian miaxlovebas Tu ar Seecdebodi. pativiscema im sazRvris mimarT, romliTac Tavis yvelaze piraduls icavda, droTa ganmavlobaSi CemTvis TavisTavad cxadi gaxda, misTvis ki garantia, rom yovelTvis Tavad gadawyvetda, ramdenad gamexsneboda. arasodes mikiTxavs rame piraduli, Tu Tavad ar wamoiw­ yebda saubars, Tumca, raRac-raRacebi mainteresebda. 29

presaSi moaruli Worebic tabud darCa. Cven Soris mzardi ndobis saidumloeba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom arcerT Cvengans ar gvicdia rodesme, yvelaze dafaruli`me~-s mesaidumle gavmxdariyaviT. im kacis avtoritets, romelmac brwyinvaled moigo arCevnebi berlinSi da warmatebiT moiara msoflio, xom SeiZleboda daeTrgune. igi iaponiis imperatorma hirohitom, indoeTis premier-ministrma nerum, gaeros generalurma mdivanma hamarskioldma da prezidentma aizenhauerma miiRes; niu iorkSi namdvili aRlumi mouwyves. amas emateboda Cemi, rogorc Jurnalistis wuxilic, uceb rom aRar mqonda sakuTari saTqmelis gamoxatvis ufleba, Tanac pasuxismgebeli viyavi imaze, rasac berlinis senatis saxeliT vacxadebdi. TavSi es azri mitrialebda – xom ar aRmovCndebodi misi gavlenis qveS da davkargavdi sakuTar stils – TanamSromlobis ganmavlobaSi TandaTanobiT mivxvdi, rom Cemi wuxili usafuZvlo iyo. dokumentis Sinaars Sefi gansazRvravda. rodesac frazebs vxvewdiT da Cems rTul winadadebebs umowyalod anawevrebda, mivxvdi, rom mmarTveli meri kargi redaqtori iqneboda. Cemda samarcxvinod, uazro winadadeba Tu gamepareboda, ubralod ityoda xolme`aseve darCes~. swored am gamoTqmebs mohyveboda xolme yvelaze mquxare taSi. Cvens sawer magidebs Soris aqeT-iqiT mosiarule xelnawerebze muSaobisas, ise xvewda stils da Tanac, Tavisi mwvane melniT sityvebs ki ar cvlida, aramed gaxazavda xolme an kiTxvis niSans dausvamda. Semdeg vmsjelobdiT da vayalibebdiT saboloo versias. uTvalavjer gvisaubria da orive gavuSinaurdiT erTmaneTs azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ukeT gvesmoda erTmaneTis, vcdilobdiT saerTo ZalisxmeviT dagvemarcxebina SiSe30

bi, dagvesaxa imedebi, gegmebi, mokle da grZelvadiani miznebi gagvexorcielebina. brandti darwmunda, rom me mxolod masTan da misTvis vmuSaobdi. veravin ver Cawvda am partniorobas rihard fon vaiczekerze ukeT, romelmac erTxel Tqva:`vili brandti da egon bari – es gaxldaT sanimuSo TanamSromloba ori sruliad gansxvavebuli pirovnebisa. urTierTdaxmarebiT maT miaRwies sakuTari niWis srul gafurCqvnas~. brandti saxelmwifos umaRlesi Tanamdebobis kandidatobaze ki fiqrobda, magram, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar surda amisTvis brZola. albertci da me skeptikurad vuyurebdiT am ambavs, vfiqrobdiT, rom naadrevi iyo da Zeglad qceuli adenaueris winaaRmdeg naklebi iyo warmatebis Sansi. Tumca rodesac SesTavazes – da raxan am SeTavazebas eloda – TiTqos tvirTi moexsnao, ise daeTanxma. berlinSi misi`mafia~ mxolod imazeRa fiqrobda, ra iqneboda moqmedebis saukeTeso gegma. hanoverSi 1960 wlis partiulma yrilobam bevri politikuri da piraduli siaxlis mowme gagvxada. pirvelad airCia partiam`kanclerobis kandidati~, maSin, roca partiis arCeulma Tavmjdomarem, erix olenhauerma Tanamdeboba SeinarCuna. klaus SuTcma ubralod moipara es idea aSS-sgan, sadac prezidentobis kandidat kenedis saarCevno kampanias akvirdeboda. brandtma Tavis sakandidato gamosvlaSi partiis erovnul tradiciaze gaamaxvila yuradReba da erTmaneTis gverdiT daasaxela iseTi moRvaweni, rogorebicaa oto fon bismarki da august bebeli, fridrix eberti da gustav Strezemani, iulius leberi da klaus grafi fon Staufenbergi, ernst roiteri da Teodor hoisi, rac maSin gambedaobas moiTxovda. sami wlis Semdeg, tutcingis 31

cnobil Sekrebaze, ideas, saxelebis saSualebiT CavwvdomodiT Cvens rTul samSoblos, Turme gvariani Sesworeba eloda. maSin ase iTqva:`bismarki da bebeli namdvilad unda vaxsenoT, hindenburgi da ebertic, giordeleri da leberic, adenaueri da Sumaxeric, magram, aseve, hitleri da ulbrixtic~. brandtma hanoverSi ganacxada, rom ar apirebda partiis yrilobis gadawyvetilebebis usityvod ganmxorcielebeli gamxdariyo da yvela valdebuleba Seesrulebina germanias, rasac nato wevrebs avaldebulebda. manamde olenhauerma uari ganacxada bundesveris atomur SeiaraRebaze. kandidats ki swored es ar gamouricxavs. rodesac erTad vamzadebdiT mis gamosvlas, brandtma Tvali Camikra:`adre xom SesaZleblad migaCndaT~. ar daviwyeboda oTxi wlis winaT celendorfSi naTqvami Cemi sityvebi. saRamos ki partiis yrilobis darbazidan rom gamovdiodiT, mxarze xeli damado da miTxra:`mgoni, SeiZleba SenobiT vilaparakoT~. mesiamovna. oficialurad isev TqvenobiT mivmarTavdiT erTmaneTs, merec, pale SaumburgSic ki. pativiscema misi poziciis mimarT krZalavda Sinaurul formas da brandts Camouyaliba Tvalsazrisi, rom arce­rT partias ar unda egonos, rom saxelmwifo mas ekuTvnis. klaus Sutcis mier axladarCeuli kandidatisTvis momzadebul saarCevno kampaniaSi brandtma Zala, energia da brwyinvale gamZleoba gamoavlina. saarCevno oromtriali kandidats sindisis qenjnisgan aTavisuflebda, sawer magidasTan rom ar ijda da qaRaldebSi qeqvas ver axerxebda. amomrCevlisTvis gankuTvnil gzavnilebs laparakis drosac ki xvewda.`mentaluri higiena mikrZalavs, sul erTi da igive sityva moviSvelio~, gveubneboda igi. amis momswre Semdeg aTwleulebSic bevrjer gavmxdarvar. 32

igi argumentebis Tanmimdevrobas gadaawyobda xolme, sisxartes sZenda, aumjobesebda da darwmunebuli iyo, rom esesaa Tavisi saukeTeso saarCevno sityva warmoTqva. misi erT-erTi, maSin Zalian aqtualuri slogani, gaxldaT `ruris auzis Tavze ca isev lurji unda gaxdes!~ sityva `garemo~ maSin jer modaSi ar Semosuliyo. * yvela adamiani pativmoyvarea. xelovnebisa da politikis samyaroSi, sadac sajaro gavlenaze moTxovnaa da igi ganisazRvreba kidec, es Tviseba ufro metad Cans, vidre ekonomikaSi, sadac zogierTi simpatiuri moRvawe gavlenas malavs kidec. mokled, me vaRiareb Cems pativmoyvareobas: msiamovnebda SefTan uSualo urTierToba. msiamovnebda, rom brandts, hainrix albertcs, federalur senator klaus Sutcs da me ukve`wminda ojaxs~ gveZaxdnen. garda amisa, vamCnevdi, rom im senatorebze, romlebTanac Jurnalistebs metad rTulad exerxebodaT Sexvedra, me mirekavdnen da mTavari redaqtorebic azrs mekiTxebodnen da Cemi Sefasebebis saidumlod Senaxvas mpirdebodnen. Zalian msiamovnebda, roca`Cems~ mZRols, romelic male ojaxis wevri gaxda, saRamos mivyavdi dalaqTan. samsaxuris gamo, samuSao saaTebSi masTan misvlas ver vaxerxebdi. da SemeZlo memuSava mSvidad gvianobamde, vicodi, rom Cems meuRles miakiTxavdnen. mosaxerxebelia, roca manqanis gasaCerebel adgils ar eZeb da RonisZiebis damTavrebisTanave SegiZlia Sin waxvide. sajaro samsaxurSi karg xelfass ar gixdian, magram maRali Tanamdeboba araCveulebriv momsaxurebas gTavazobs. 33

yovelive es male wesad damkvidrda da 35 weli vsargeblobdi am sikeTiT. ukan rom vixedebi, vaRiareb ZalauflebiT gamowveul miamiturad pativmoyvarul grZnobebs da fulis gankargvis uflebiT gancdil kmayofilebas. parlamenti mandobda saxsrebs. SemeZlo ganacxadebisTvis gamomeyo Tanxa an uari meTqva da mniSvnelovani proeqtebi wamomewyo. fulis Zalauflebas gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia. ramdenad ganusazRvrelia politikuri Zalaufleba, romelsac xalxTa Tanacxovrebis Secvla SeuZlia, mxolod mogvianebiT gavige. Zalaufleba da pativmoyvareoba tyupiscalebi arian. brandts siamovnebda, roca niu iorkSi policieli`mai­ ors~ policiuri salmiT egebeboda, Tumca Caiburtyunebda xolme:`aqac ver mivaRwie anonimurobas~. berlinSi ki sircxviliT vaRiarebdi, rom mmarTvelma merma ise Seisisxlxorca Tavisi mdgomareoba, rom pativmoyvareobis niSan-wyalsac ki aRar avlenda. es stadia ukve ukan moetovebina. fulis mimarT, rogorc kerZo pirs, brandts ucnaurad distancirebuli da suverenuli damokidebuleba hqonda. arasodes minaxavs mis xelSi safule. Tavis sayvarel restoranSi rom midioda, angariSs meriaSi agzavninebda. erTxel, amerikaSi wasvlis win vkiTxe, xom ar ginda honorariani gamosvla mogiwyo, barem ruTsac wamoiyvan-meTqi. Sexseneba, rom britaneTis mTavroba sakuTar maRali Tanamdebobis pirebsac uxdis meuRleebis mgzavrobis fulsmeTqi, misTvis damarwmunebeli ver aRmoCnda. misi survili mxolod sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis Cveni firmis meSveobiT SeiZleboda Sesrulebuliyo, romelic patara biujetiT da didi ambiciiT waradgenda berlins amerikaSi. 34

am firmis Sefi roi blumenTali manamde federaluri mTavrobisTvis muSaobda da niu iorkSi,`valdorf-astoriaSi~ adenaueris Sexvedra david ben-gurionTan misi mowyobili gaxldaT. brandti da me winaswar davrwmundiT, iqneboda Tu ara am saagentosTvis 500 000 dolaris gadaxda gamarTlebuli. ar gvinania. roi liberali iyo, magram mixvda, rom germaniis federaciuli respublikis beds momavalSi ori uniWieresi adamiani – brandti da Strausi gadawyvetdnen. amerikis interesebSi iyo berlinis mers daxmareboda. amitomac moaxerxa da brandti 1962 wlis Semodgomaze ori leqciis wasakiTxad miipatiJes harvardis universitetSi; Semdeg ki TeTr saxlSi hqonda Sexvedra, sadac brandtma gaimeora harvardSi gamosvlisas wardgenili mosazrebebi`Tanacxovrebis Sesaxeb, romelic gabedulebas gaiZulebs~, rac imas gulisxmobda, rom mSvidobis cneba aRmosavleTisTvis ar unda gadagvebarebina. kenedim icoda brandtis wakiTxuli leqciebis Sesaxeb da igi Seaguliana. vaSingtons yelSi amosvloda bonis mier yvelafris dablokva da, amave dros, sakuTari winadadebebis ararseboba. `mmarTvelis~ rangSi Tavmdabal brandts finansebis sakiTxis sakuTar xelSi aRebac uwevda. kedlis aSenebis Semdeg kidev ufro zusti angariSi moeTxoveboda. radgan didma firmebma, SiSis gamo, TavianTi centraluri ofisebi federaciuli respublikis samxreTsa da dasavleTSi gadaitanes, berlinis sagadasaxado Semosavali ZlivsRa swvdeboda moxeleebis da mosamsaxureebis xelfasebs. yvelaferi danarCeni, riTic sazrdoobs qalaqis cxovreba, mSenebloba iqneboda es Tu kulturis kerebi, bons unda uzrunveleyo. da bonic ixdida, specialuri gadasaxadebis dawesebiTa da sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis gziT. 35

gagvexarda, rom aqsel Springerma isargebla sagadasaxado SeRavaTiT da kedelTan axlos aRmarTa Tavisi beWdviTi koncernis impozanturi Senoba. im axalgazrdebis berlinSi dafuZneba, savaldebulo samxedro samsaxurebs rom gaurbodnen, sakmarisi ar iyo dasavleTisken gadasulebis dasabalanseblad. senats statistikis gayalbeba uwevda(statistikisTvis es ucxo xili ar aris), rom berlinis mosaxleobis magiuri ormilioniani ricxvi SeenarCunebina. gaberili sajaro samsaxuri amiT ar Semsubuqebula, Zalian zustad unda dagveTvala fuli da helmut Smidtis Tavxeduri naTqvami, berlinelebma milions da miliards Soris gansxvaveba ar iciano, gvwyinda, radgan simarTles ar Seesabameboda. senati bonidan iRebda fuls, rom berlini kulturulad mimzidveli gaexada mTeli msofliodan Camosuli stumrebisTvis. yofilma diplomatma Separd stounma, fordis fondis saSualebiT, Tavisufali universitetisTvis, germanuli operisTvis da sxva kulturuli da samecniero dawesebulebebisTvis Semowirulobebi Seagrova. kompozitorma nikolas nabokovma, festivalis xelmZRvanelis rangSi, Sprees napirze saintereso xelovanebi moizida. saerTaSoriso rangis varskvlavebs enTuziazmiT vegebebodiT. kinofestivalis farglebSi gamarTul vaxSamze amerikeli msaxiobis, jein raselis gverdiT vijeqi da sainteresod visaubreT. bevrad didi STabedileba moaxdina Cemze marlene ditrixma, romelzec vgiJdebodi. igi 1960 wels omis Semdeg pirvelad Camovida Tavis mSobliur qalaqSi. brandtis survili gaxldaT, rom qalaqis oqros wignSi gaekeTebina Canaweri. brandti im adamianebTan, vinc mis msgavsad gaiares winaaRmdegobis gza, did siaxloves 36

grZnobda. me wilad mxvda bedniereba, TxuTmeti wuTi pirispir mesaubra marlenesTan, radgan brandti viRacam Caigdo xelSi da dakavebuli iyo. misi mSveniereba ar Camqraliyo, Tumca SevamCnie, xelebi dabereboda.` Sag mir , wo die Blumen sind ~ CemTvis ukvdavi simReraa. albaT sasiamovno mogonebad darCeboda mas titania-palastSi koncertis Semdeg gamarTuli ovaciebi, roca es simRera germanulad Seasrula.`pativcemul vili brandts~ weriliT gadauxada madloba:`Tqveni marlene ditrixi~. * 1961 wlis 10 maiss brandtis TanamSromlis poziciidan mis mrCevlad davwinaurdi. osloSi natos sagazafxulo sxdomis komunikeSi Sedioda formulirebebi, romlebic manamde arsebul dausabuTebel pirad SiSs dasavleTis oficialur poziciad acxadebda. masSi aRar ixsenieboda qalaqis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis statusi, aramed – Tavisufali mimosvlis gverdiT – gamoTqmuli iyo garantia`dasavleTis sami seqtoris sicocxlisunarianobis Sesaxeb~. SeSfoTebulma mivirbine brandtTan, teqsti win davude da vuTxari:`faqtiurad, es aris mosawvevi sabWoTa kavSirisTvis, rom rac undaT, is gaakeTon TavianT seqtorSi~. komunike magonebda sami dasavluri Zalis da bonis memorandums, romelic avstriis federalurma kanclerma, bruno kraickim miiRo 1960 wels sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministris andrei gromikosgan da venaSi yofnisas wamakiTxa. es dokumenti safuZvelSive gamoxatavda sabWoTa kavSiris interess,`am sivrceSi~ daemyarebina stabiluroba da ukidures SemTxvevaSi, daedo 37

samSvidobo xelSekruleba gdr-Tan. brandtma gadawyvita sagareo saqmeTa ministr brentanosTvis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis konferencia SeeTavazebina. igi xelmZRvanelobda mosazrebiT, rom sanam molaparakebebi mimdinareobda, aRmosavleTi calmxriv RonisZiebebs ar gaatarebda. samwuxarod, brentanom uari ganucxada. Cven veTanxmebodiT erTmaneTs, rom qalaqis mxolod dasavleT nawilis Sesaxeb arsebuli nebismieri xelSekruleba gdr-is de faqto aRiarebas mxolod drois sakiTxad aqcevda. Sionebergis ratuSaSi 1961 wlis ivnisSi 20 000 ltolvili aRvricxeT, xolo ivlisSi 30 000 . kedlis aSenebis wina saRamos vili brandtma niurnbergSi, federaluri saarCevno kampaniis dawyebisas gaaxmaura mdgomareobis Cveneuli Sefaseba:`am saRamos, 12 agvistos, berlinSi am Tvis 17000 -e ltolvili Semova. pirvelad mogviwevs 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 2500 ltolvilis miReba. ratom moiweven es adamianebi? romelma SiSma daZra es talRa? pasuxi am kiTxvaze Semdegia: radgan sabWoTa kavSiri Cveni xalxis winaaRmdeg SetevisTvis emzadeba da mciredni Tu acnobiereben mis seriozulobas. radgan zonaSi adamianebs eSiniaT, rom rkinis fardis marwuxebi Cabetondeba. radgan SiSiT Zrwian, rom gigantur sapyrobileSi gamoemwydevian. radgan saSinlad tanjavT gancda, rom maT daiviwyeben, Camoweren da msxverplad Seswiraven gulgrilobisa da xelidan gaSvebuli Sansebis sakurTxevelze~. misi gamosvla gawonasworebuli unda yofiliyo. arc unda gaebiabruebina mdgomareoba da arc gaqcevisken moewodebina. 38

1961 wlis 13 agvisto rodesac krizisi dadga, brandti mowodebis simaRleze aRmoCnda. niurnbergSi misi gamosvlis Semdeg daiwyo mo­ salodneli, magram, amave dros, warmoudgeneli`cal­ mxrivi RonisZieba~. brandts es ambavi niurnbergidan ki­lisken mimaval Ramis matarebelSi daewia. matareblidan Camovida, hanoveridan berlinSi Cafrinda da maSinve brandenburgis karibWisken gaemarTa. iq igi gaxda berlinelebis usaSvelo aRSfoTebisa da brazis mowme. Semdeg Tavis sicocxleSi pirvelad(da ukanasknelad) mivida mekavSireebis komendanturaSi, sadac daxvdnen moxeleebi, romelTac aranairi miTiTeba ar hqondaT miRebuli. maT ufrosebs TavianTi dedaqalaqebi SabaT-kviris gasatareblad daetovebinaT. ukanaskneli sabWoTa komendantis fotosuraTi jer kidev kedelze ekida. brandtma, TiTqos is yofiliyos miTiTebebze uflebamosili, qalaqis samive komendants, romlebic, xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixedviT, qalaqis mesveurebs warmoadgendnen, sakmaod mkacrad mosTxova, jipebi mainc gaatareT quCebSi, rom berlinelebs ar egonoT, ukve migvatoveso. ratuSaSi uSveri sityvebiT aginebda`im damplebs~, romelTac bolos da bolos Seismines da jipebi mainc gauSves qalaqSi. 39

brandtma yvelanairi protokolis darRveviT, pirdapir prezident kenedis miswera mkvaxe, SemanjRreveli werili, sadac sTavazobda gaeZlierebina amerikuli garnizoni, rac momaval sam dReSi marTlac ganxorcielda. jer kenedis pasuxi ar icoda, ise daniSna mitingi Sionebergis ratuSis win, raTa gamwarebuli da aRSfoTebuli moqalaqeebisTvis miemarTa, sxva araferi SeeZlo, Tan, arc is icoda, ra unda eTqva. erTad vmsjelobdiT, rogor gamosuliyo sityviT am uaRresad feTqebad mdgomareobaSi; moedanze mozRvavebuli xalxis SemaSfoTebeli xmauri Cvenamde ukve aRwevda. bolos da bolos raRac movifiqre dasawyisisTvis da mere nawil-nawil vawodebdi gamosvlis teqsts. bolo gverdebi sawer magidaze davude. aCqarebiT daswvda, redaqtirebis droc aRar hqonda. me mis kabinetSi davrCi, pasuxismgeblobisgan makankalebda, Tanac misma ndobam gamaogna. mosamagreblad koniaki davisxi da mxolod maSin davwynardi, roca pirveli taSi momesma. msgavsi emociebi adamianebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. brandti dabrunda. araferi uTqvams. mxolod mas ar moexsna lodi gulidan. me Sevicani misi Zlevamosileba, misi Tavdadeba. rac uf­ro kuTxeSi aRmoCndeboda mimwyvdeuli, miT metad emateboda gambedaoba. misma gambedaobam kidev erTxel aRmafrTovana, rodesac 1969 wels, arCevnebis Rames gadawyvita valter SeelisTvis daereka da social-liberalur koaliciaze molaparakeboda. igive ganmeorda, rodesac misi pirveli samTavrobo gancxadebis sagareo politikis nawilze vmsjelobdiT.`did Temebs rom SeeWidebi, gulisTqmas ar unda ahyve, sakuTar Tavs unda ajobo~, Tqva man da miuxedavad Cemi WoWmanisa, mxari dauWira Seelis ideas, daemsxvria tabu da gdr-isTvis ewodebina saxelmwifo, 40

romelic CvenTvis verafriT iqneboda sazRvargareTi. am formulam, rogorc mogvianebiT SevityveT, moskovs seriozuli molaparakebebisken ubiZga. an Tundac 1972 wels, rodesac saparlamento umravlesobis dakargvis Semdeg axali arCevnebis Catareba gadawyvita da partiis wevrebis umravlesobis rCevis sawinaaRmdegod, gdr-is mimarT Cveni politikis arc tempi da arc intensivoba ar daugdia.`rodesac darwmunebuli xar, rom samarTliansa da saWiros akeTeb, jobs afrialebuli droSebiT CaiZiro, vidre waborZikde~. aseTi iyo misi sityvebi. pirovnuli sxva Tvisebac axasiaTebda – iolad wyin­ da. Zal­ ian imoqmeda masze, rom adenauerma ise gaagrZela saarC­evno kampania, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos, arada kedel­ i dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda. adenaueris mier 14 agvistos regensburgSi saarCevno RonisZiebaze urcxvad naTqvami sami sityva`brandti, igive frami~, mis ukanono Svilobaze da emigrantebis mimarT zogadad TavSekavebul damokidebulebaze qaragmulad iyo naTqvami, Tan iseTi formiT, TiTqos vinme damnaSaves gulisxmobda. am samma sityvam gulSi daWra kaci, romelic omis dros sxvanairi, ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda da sakuTari nebiT dabrunda samSobloSi. kedlis aSenebis wina periodSi brandtis warsuli di­ dad salaparako Tema ar gamxdara. msmenoda, rom mZime bav­Svoba hqonda liubekSi. misi emigraciaSi cxovrebis periodi mxolod zogadad vicodi: Tundac arcTu usafrTxo gaqceva baltiis zRvis gavliT, daniaSi, Semdeg norvegiaSi gatarebuli wlebi, SvedeTSi Tavis Sefareba omis dros da araCveulebriv ruTTan, mis meuRlesTan Sexvedra. germaniaSi norvegiuli samxedro uniformiT dabrunda, Tumca, es maSin arc ucnauroba iyo da arc 41

dasaZraxi. sxvebis winaSe amayobda, rom nacional-socializmis mowinaaRmdege iyo. mxolod marto yofnisas gadaaqnevda xolme Tavs, ukvirda, germaniis federaciulma respublikam rad ar ixmo ukan emigrantebi. ufro metic, es dasavleT germaniis Secdomad miaCnda, aRmosavleT berlins msgavsi Secdoma ar dauSvia. rodesac faSistebma samarcxvinod CamoarTves mas moqalaqeoba da waarTves samSoblo, moqalaqeobis aRsadgenad Seitana gancxadeba. biurokratiuli procedura saocar winaaRmdegobaSi modioda bunebriv molodinTan, rom kargad miiRebdnen. ra unda eqna, rom mieRoT da es erwmuna? ra ar vicodiT Cven: sanam brandti berlinSi ukontrolo dapirispirebis da sisxlisRvris aRsakveTad ibrZoda, adenauerma sabWoTa elCi daibara da daarwmuna, boni sulac ar apirebs, mdgomareoba gaamwvavoso. aradiplomatiur enaze es niSnavs, moskovs SeuZlia berlinis xmauriani meri seriozulad arc miiRoso. gacofebuli brandti SiSs moggvrida. kategoriulad ugulebelhyo, roca urCies, am samarcxvino saqciels nu ahyvebio. magram xelCasaWidad verafers daupirispirebda, mxolod Tavdacva ki Rirsebas Seulaxavda. franc iozef Strausma, aseve saarCevno kampaniisas, mzakvrulad da farisevlurad ganacxada, vici, omis dros rasac akeTebdao (neta marTla icoda?); yoveli dRe Sxamad gveqca, roca saaTebi iflangeboda diskusiebSi, rogor davpirispirebodiT aseT ciliswamebas da eWvebs samarTlebrivi gziT. asobiT mogebuli procesic ki arafers moitanda. mxdali naZirlebi zurgSi danas gvirtyamdnen da laTinuri gamoTqmis utyuarobaSi gvarwmunebdnen: Semper aliquid haeret . magram sawyenia, roca raRac naleqi rCeba. 1965 wlis warmatebuli, magram molodinTan SedarebiT mainc wagebuli 42

arCevnebis Semdeg, brandti da misi meuRle ruTi seriozulad fiqrobdnen norvegiaSi dabrunebuliyvnen. visac surs Seicnos brandtis pirovneba, ar unda gamorCes mudmivi Wriloba, Tundac igi Sexorcebuli Candes, rac mas adenaueris sityvebma da Semdeg, aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, misi warsulis winaaRmdeg warmarTulma kampaniebma miayenes. gulqva sulac ar iyo, rom yoveldRiuri politikuri SemotevebisTvis da siZulviliT savse kampaniebisTvis iolad gaeZlo. aseve mwvaved ganicdida, roca misi vaJebis tolerantul aRzrdaze qilikobdnen. sakuTar sust mxareebs ar malavda. swored amaSi mdgomareobda misi Rirseba. da swored amiT izidavda adamianebs da amiT moipova popularoba. brandtis mgrZnobiare buneba mis Zlier mxared iqca. Wrilobis nawiburebi aRar stkioda, roca ukanasknelad SevxvdiT. brZola ukve dasrulebuliyo. gardacvlil federalur kanclers, saukeTeso gagebiT civilur adamians, umaRlesi samxedro pativi miages berlinis raixstagSi – es iyo imis simbolo, rom igi sakuTarma qveyanam miiRo, zustad ise, rasac TviTon didxans amaod eltvoda: Sin dabrunda. 43

Cakiruli gayofa 1945 wlis agvistoSi, is-is iyo Seviswavle axali ambebis gavrcelebis amerikuli wesi – vin, rodis, rogor, sad da ra – SeZlebisdagvarad unda warmoCndes pirvelive winadadebaSi. maSin wavikiTxe, rom gamarjvebulebma potsdamSi saidumlo Sexvedra gamarTes da germaniis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba dades. ar gamkvirvebia, rom radioSi arc Cvenma amerikelma kolegebma icodnen rame da arc damarcxebulma germanelebma. saocari Sveba vigrZeni: germania gauyofeli datoves. warmoebis aRmSeneblobis uflebac ki mogvces, ra Tqma unda, ara iaraRis warmoebis, rac isedac aravis surda, da davkargeT miwebi oderis iqiTa mxares – mtkivneuli iyo, magram gasagebi. mmarTveloba oTx zonad daiyo qveyanaSic da berlinSic, romelic warmoadgenda oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis pasuxismgeblobis erTaderT saerTo regions. maT jer kidev ar icodnen, ramxela tvirTi wamoikides. veravin ifiqrebda, rom raixis winaaRmdeg omis dros gaerTianebuli mekavSireebi, Semdgom oTx weliwadSi, civi omis mowinaaRmdegeni gaxdebodnen da or germanul saxelmwifos daaarsebdnen. veravin ganWvretda, rom drois imave mokle monakveTSi dedaqalaqi gaiyofoda da urTierTmuqaris da SantaJis obieqtad iqceoda, da rom 44

saSiSi dapirispireba kulminacias 1961 wlis oqtombris bolos miaRwevda, srolis surviliT Sepyrobili amerikelebis da sabWoelebis berlinis fridrixStraseze ganlagebuli tankebis wyalobiT. oTxi Zalis statusma, romelic germaniaze erToblivi kontrolis instrumentad iyo Cafiqrebuli, seqtorebis demarkaciis xazebisgan or sistemas Soris sazRvari Seqmna. politikuri da samxedro TvalsazrisiT iq nato da varSavis xelsekruleba idga erTmaneTis pirispir. maTi kanonebi amoqmedda da gamarjvebulebi sakuTari interesebis mZevlebad aqcia. berlini orive mxarisaTvis zedmeti tvirTi aRmoCnda. vercerTi miscemda Tavs uflebas, es tvirTi Camoexsna, Tumca orives SeeZlo misi ganeitraleba ecada. prestiJi aiZulebda orive mxares, moendomebinaT, rom berlini sando, erToblivad garantirebuli stabilurobis kerad eqciaT. kedlis aRmarTva civi omis kulminaciad da misi dasasrulis dasawyisad iqca, rac maSin ar SeimCneoda. rogor unda gagego, rom 1961 wlis 14 agvitos berlinis dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken mimarTuli yvela quCa mavTulxlarTebiT gadaketes da, amave dros, gamoica gdr-is Sinagan saqmeTa ministris brZaneba, rom dasavleTis sami gamarjvebuli Zalis warmomadgenlebs mxolod sami gasasvleliT SeeZloT esargeblaT da bolos am samidan mxolod erTi – Carlis gamSvebi punqti darCa fridrixStraseze? upirveles yovlisa: dasavleTis sami gamarjvebuli Zala emorCileboda ministris miTiTebas, romelsac amis ufleba ar gaaCnda da saxelmwifosas, romelic, maTi gagebiT, saerTod ar arsebobda. osloSi natos sxdomis mogoneba da sabWoTa memorandumi, romelic bruno kraiskim wamakiTxa, mexsierebaSi 45

isev amomitivtivda da usiamovno eWvi gamiCina, rom es yovelive Cumad xom ar momzadda dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis erToblivi SeTanxmebiT. mas Semdeg, rac xruSCovma da kenedim uSedegod mousinjes erTmaneTs kbili venaSi, jon makkloi, germaniis federaciul respublikaSi aSS-s yofili umaRlesi komisari, yirimSi gafrinda da xruSCovs CogburTi eTamaSa. netav erTmaneTs imazec xom ar esaubrnen, rom moesinjaT, rogor SeiZleboda mSvidobianad moegvarebinaT berlinis sadavo sakiTxi? savaldebulo SeTanxmebebs ver dadebdnen. magram aRmosavleTi 13 agvistos Semdeg sami dRe elodeboda dasavleTis reaqcias, sanam mavTulxlarTebs qviTa da betoniT Caanacvlebda da kedlis mSeneblobas daiwyebda. riski aRar arsebobda. rodis mixvda kenedi, rom berlinis, samxedro TvalsazrisiT dasavleTis yvelaze susti wertilis dacva warmoudgeneli iyo, magram arc mudmivi politikuri zewola SeiZleboda misadgom gzebze? unda mimxvdariyvnen, rom ganmuxtvis politikaze moskovi ar wamovidoda, sanam arsebobda aqilevsis qusli – berlini. sapirispirod aRwera situacia amerikelma istorikosma, houp harisonma 2003 wels, mas Semdeg, rac moskovis arqivebi Seiswavla – rom xruSCovma moatyua ulbrixti. igi mzakvrulad Sehpirda ulbrixts calke samSvidobo xelSekrulebas da amave dros misi mTavari mizani iyo stabilurobis miRweva meore super-saxelmwifosTan. kenedim ki Tavisi warmateba – berlinis usafrTxoebis xelSeuxebloba – mxolod 1963 wels gamoxata SeZaxiliT` ich bin ein Berliner ~. mas Semdeg berlinSi krizisi aRar damdgara, sanam kedeli ar daingra. aRarc germaniaSi. vaSingtonsa da moskovs aRar ucdiaT germaniis gayofis Semsubuqeba an su46

lac gadalaxva. evropaSi status kvo kargad muSaobda da kubis krizissac ki gauZlo; igi mxolod maSin Seirya, roca germania gaerTianda da sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala. ar maxsendeba istoriis arcerTi dauwereli SeTanxmeba, romelsac ase Seumcdarad emuSaos ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. am ganzomilebas vercerT dedaqalaqSi ver ganWvretdnen. * prezidenti kenedi Tavdapirvelad gaognda, rom ara vTqvaT, gabrazdao, vili brandtis werilze, Tumca swrafad miiRo gadawyvetileba da 1500 kaciani sabrZolo danayofiT gaaZliera berlinis garnizoni. jariskacebis gasamxneveblad vice-prezidenti lindon b. jonsoni da sahaero xidis gmiri generali lucius d. klei moavlina berlinSi; berlinelebi ki iseTi ovaciebiT Sexvdnen amerikelebs, TiTqos sakuTari jariskacebi gamarjvebulni dabrunebodeT omidan. jonsoni grZnobda, rogor umjobesdeboda ganwyoba da gaxalisda. Sionebergis ratuSaSi Sexvedrisas brandtis fexsacmeli moewona. vinc sxvisgan elis moqmedebas, TviTonac unda gaisarjos. hoda, protokolma SabaT dRes ukve daketili maRazia gaaRebina da fexsacmeli uSovna. gasinjvisas aRmoCnda, rom gansxvavebuli zomis terfebi hqonia – esec mogvarda. kenedis sapasuxo werili, romelic jonsonma gadmogvca, mxolod misi gafrenis Semdeg wavikiTxeT. prezidentis gzavnilma civi wyali gadagvasxa: kedlis moSla mxolod omiTaa SesaZlebeli, magram`verc Tqven da verc veravin 47

mekavSireTagan verasodes ifiqrebs aq omi wamoiwyoT~. is, rom kedeli xruSCovis damarcxebas niSnavda, radgan igi mas ar aaSenebda, miznad mTeli berlinis dakaveba rom ganezraxa, Tavis motyuebad aRviqviT da kenedis SorsmWvretelobas ver mivuxvdiT. axla ukve vicodiT: gayofa xangrZlivi ambavi iqneboda. amis xmamaRla Tqma ar SeiZleboda, rom xalxs imedi ar dahkargvoda. upirveles yovlisa, mware SegrZneba dagveufla. Cvens studentebs undodaT alJireli TanatolebisTvis miebaZaT da plastikuri asafeTqebeli nivTierebiT daengriaT kedeli. senati iZulebuli gaxda policia gamoeyo kedlis dasacavad. Cvens policielebs ar hqondaT ufleba iaraRiT daecvaT ltolvilebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni azriT, maT samarTlianad undodaT gaqceuliyvnen; policias arc gdr-is jariskacebze srolis ufleba hqonda, Cveni gagebiT isini ukanono atarebdnen samxedro formas da iaraRs. Cvens prokuraturas ar SeeZlo saqme aReZra daxmarebis gawevaze uari Tqmis braldebiT, radgan mSvidoba Cvensave interesebSi iyo. status kvos araferi unda damuqreboda. is, rasac senati mixvda, magram ver gamoTqvamda, erTi wlis Semdeg gacxadda, rodesac ltolvil peter fexters esroles. fexteri aRmosavleT seqtorSi waiqca da ormocdaaTi wuTi ar epueboda sikvdils, sanam suli ar dalia. dasavleT berlinelebma iqve mdgar amerikel oficers mimarTes, misTvis daxmareba gaewia, Seagulianes, Sen xom samxedro forma gicavso. ugrZnobelma da koreqtulma pasuxma ar daayovna:`Cemi kompetencia seqtoris sazRvarTan mTavrdeba~. ase gaSiSvlda namdvili realoba, ramac omis Semdeg pirveli antiamerikuli mitingebi gamoiwvia. rodesac Carlis gamSveb punqtTan amerikuli 48

da sabWoTa tankebi erTmaneTisgan 200 metris daSorebiT ganlagdnen, brandtma ratuSaSi Tqva – roca spiloebi cekvaven, jobia Tagunebi sadme SeiyuJono. 1963 wlis 23 ivniss kenedis viziti berlinSi misma pres-spikerma pier selinjerma moamzada. maSin SeviTvise: sityviT gamomsvlelis mimarT telekameris daxris kuTxe da daSoreba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre iqve msmenelebisadmi, radgan televizia met mayurebels swvdeba. ovaciebis fonze, qalaqSi gaseirnebis Semdeg prezidentma jer mmarTveli meris sapirfareSo`daaTvaliera~, sanam mis kabinetSi, TarjimanTan erTad bolTis cemas da CurCuliT Tavisi gamosvlis mecadineobas mohyveboda. Cvengan aravin icoda, ris Tqmas apirebda prezidenti. brandtis sawer magidasTan adenaueri ijda da gazeT`noies doiClands~ kiTxulobda. ratuSis win moedani arasodes yofila ase gadavsebuli. rodesac kenedim Tavisi cnobili fraza warmoTqva, romelic berlinis xelSeuxeblobas niSnavda, adenauers gaexarda, brandts ki saxe moeWmuxna.` Ich bin ein Berliner ~ zustad Seesatyviseboda saerTo ganwyobas. naSuadRevs, Tavisufal universitetSi prezidentma sabWoTa kavSirTan urTierTobis ganmuxtvaze da TanamSromlobaze isaubra. axla brandts uxaroda, adenauers ki saxe gauSeSda. kenediT aRtacebis miuxedavad, cxadi gaxda: am urCxulis – kedlis dangrevaSi aravin dagvexmareboda. swored aseT gamouval mdgomareobaSi iSva mosazreba, erTeuli adamianebisTvis mainc gamxdariyo SesaZlebeli`gaRma~ myofi ojaxis wevrebis monaxuleba, Tundac ramdenime saaTiT. adamianuri yofis Semsubuqebis sawinaaRmdego oTxidan arc erT Zalas ar gamouTqvams. arc mere, roca daadgines, rom amisaTvis manamde senatsa da aRmosavleT 49

berlins Soris pirdapiri molaparakebebis tabu unda darRveuliyo. gamarjvebulma Zalebma xom status kvos gamyareba dauwerel kanonad miiRes da ganaxorcieles kidec. axla isRa awuxebdaT, xelSeuxebeli darCeniliyo maTi, rogorc gamarjvebulebis mudmivi uflebebi. gamarjvebulebis mimarT pativiscema gaxldaT sakuTari interesebis gatarebis erTaderTi gza. ase uwyinrad daiwyo gasvlis nebarTvebis gacema, romliTac 1963 wels, saSobaod, pirvelad moinaxules dasavleT berlinelebma TavianTi naTesavebi qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi. 1963 wlis 18 dekembers vili brandti ormocdaaTi wlis Sesrulda. es iyo pirveli dRe, roca gaica aRmosavleTSi gadasasvleli nebarTvebi. roca dabadebis dRe miuloces, Tqva:`es aris Cemi cxovrebis erT-erTi saukeTeso dRe. Sobis es kvirebi dagvanaxebs, rom Cven erTi qveynis Svilebi da erTi eri varT~. is, rom rva wlis Semdeg, 1971 wels, egreT wodebuli oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba mTeli germaniis sakiTxze molaparakebebs orive germanuli mTavrobis monawileobis gareSe veRar ganaxorcielebda, jer horizontze ar Canda. xolo cxrameti wlis Semdeg, 1990 wels, oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala notariusad iqca, romelTac sxva aRaraferi darCenodaT, garda realobis aRiarebisa, romelic kedelze mitanilma ieriSma gamoiwvia. ukan mixedvisas dasturdeba, rom kedlis aRmarTva germaniis omisSemdgomi istoriis gardatexis momentia. man gamoiwvia germaniis ganmuxtvis politika, romelmac oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier gayofili ori germanuli obieqti evropis SuagulSi erT suverenul subieqtad aqcia. am politikis gareSe, aseTi saxiT gaerTianebas verasodes mivaRwevdiT. 50

axali miznebi mniSvnelovan programul niSnulad iqca 1963 wlis ivlisSi tutcingis yriloba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom or weliwadSi kancleri SeiZleboda gamxdariyo, tutcingis evangelisturi akademiis politikurma klubma brandts sTxova sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis miseuli xedva waredgina. didi mondomebiT vimuSaveT xelnawerze, bevrjer SevasworeT. amasobaSi akademiis direqtorma roland-fridrix mesnerma damireka da mTxova sadiskusio gamosvla momemzadebina. vWomanobdi, Tavi sruliad dacarielebuli mqonda. xangrZlivi xvewnis mere gadavwyvite brandtis sityvidan erTi punqti gamomeyo da mis magaliTze meCvenebina, Tu ras niSnavda Cveni sagareo politikuri koncefcia or germanul saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobisTvis. am ideis gaCenis Semdeg saaT-naxevarSi Cems moadgiles vukarnaxe teqsti, man ki iqidan airCia fraza`gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da saTaurad warumZRvara Cems gamosvlas. miunxenisken gzaSi xelnaweri brandtsac vaCvene. man waikiTxa, kuStad damibruna da miTxra`kargi~. orive CvenganisTvis moulodnelad, Cemi xalmokle sityva diskusiaze politikuri bombiviT afeTqda da 51

brandts ar daufaravs ukmayofileba, rom mis grZel gamosvlas sakadrisi yuradReba ar mohyolia. diskusiaSi Cems wvlilze, romelsac Cvensave partiaSi gaafTrebuli winaaRmdegoba Sexvda, herbert venerma Tqva`bar-aqala am uazrobaso~, Tumca, ramdenime wlis Semdeg, Cemi Tezisi bonis ganmuxtvis politikad iqca. * social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomareobis kandidatis gamocdilebas Cvens mezobel kontinentTan – afrikasTan Sexvedra aklda. me namyofi gaxldiT safrangeTis yofil koloniebSi – dasavleT da centralur afrikaSi da Semdeg, 1959 wels, ganaSi vimuSave federaluri mTavrobis warmomadgenlis rangSi. didi Zalisxmeva damWirda Sefi damerwmunebina, rom aseTi mogzauroba aucilebeli iyo da rogorc iqna, 1963 wlis Semodgomaze afrikaSi gavemgzavreT. pirveli gaCereba kairoSi STambeWdav Sexvedras gvimzadebda gamal abdel naserTan, romelmac mSvidad da daJinebiT gagvacno Tavisi pesimisturi xedva: roca asuanis kaSxali dasruldeba da aTi wlis Semdeg tba dagubdeba, bambis mosaSenebeli farTobi ki gaormagdeba, magram mosaxleoba kidev ufro swrafad gaizrdeba da siRaribe moimatebso. misma aRmatebulebam, eTiopiis mefe haile selasim agvixsna, rom imaze met axalgazrdas ar miecemoda evropaSi swavlis ufleba, ramdenic qveyanas sWirdeboda. universiteti mxolod axalgazrdobis mousvenar, dausaqmebel masas qmniso. iulius nierere daressalamSi gvarwmunebda, Cems qveyanas soflis meurneobaSi daxmare52

ba ki ar sWirdeba germaniis federaciuli respublikidan, aramed saWiro teqnika, rom tanzaniaze sruli energodamokidebuleba SevamciroTo. cota xnis win damoukidebloba mopovebulma, magram saerTaSoriso koncernebze damokidebulma saxelmwifoebma, rogoricaa nigeria da alJiri ki Cems megobars bevri siaxle SesZines. rodesac berlinSi davbrundiT, brandtis saxlSi SevikribeT SlaxTenzeeze, iq iyo misi moadgile hainrix albertcic, romelmac gviambo, ra momxdariyo amasobaSi Cvens`patara qalaqSi~. telefonTan mixmes da Sematyobines, rom kenedize Tavdasxma ganexorcielebinaT. cota xanSi wamogvewia misi sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi ambavi. mZime realoba glovis dros ar gvitovebda. gancxadebebi, droSebis daSveba, interviuebi da dakrZalvis ceremonialSi monawileoba iyo upirvelesi gadasawyveti sakiTxebi. amasobaSi berlinelebma fanjrebSi sanTlebi aanTes, rogorc ernst roiteris gardacvalebisas. isini glovobdnen kacs, romelmac usafrTxoebis garantia miscaT. 1963 wlis 22 noemberi msoflioSi bevr adamians ar daaviwydeba. 1964 wlis dasawyisSi brandtma social-demokratiuli partiis saTaveSi aw gardacvlili erix olenhaueri Secvala. momdevno wels meored ganacxada pretenzia federaluri kancleris postze. isev rekorduli maCvenebeli moutana Tavis partias, magram ludvig erhardTan damarcxda. 53

gamouqveynebeli wigni 1965 wels arCevnebSi kidev erTi damarcxebisa da kedlis aSenebis Sedegad germaniis sakiTxis dablokvis gamo, vifiqre, rom aRmosavleTisa da germaniis Sesaxeb momavlis politikis koncefciis SemuSaveba sasargeblo iqneboda, saTauriT`axla ras vSvrebiT?~ 180 gverdiani xelnaweri 1966 wlis martis bolos mzad iyo. vili brandts gadaveci, man ki sul male, 6 aprils dawvrilebiT mipasuxa. koncefcia celendorfSi Cemi gamosvlis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda da bonis mier manamde gatarebuli politikis mkafio Semobrunebas ganixilavda, maSasadame, jer daZabulobis ganmuxtva da Semdeg gaerTianeba. germaniis sakiTxis gadaWris gzad davamuSave evropuli usafrTxoebis sistemis sakiTxi, romelic germaniis usafrTxoebas germaniisgan usafrTxoebas ukavSirebda da orive super-saxelmwifos mier stabilurad ganxorcielebul daSinebis politikas efuZneboda. procesi unda dawyebuliyo orive germanul saxelmwifos Soris mowesrigebuli Tanaarsebobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT da moskovi unda yofiliyo masSi mudmivad CarTuli. miznad dasaxuli stabiluroba ar unda gadazrdiliyo Zaladobriv dapirispirebaSi – rogorc es moxda 1953 wels gdr-Si da 1956 wels poloneTsa da ungreTSi. 1989 wels, kedel54

ze ieriSis Semdeg, oTxive Zala afrTxilebda germanel politikos­ebs:`procesi ukontrolo ar unda gaxdes~. 1966 wels vercerTi mTavroba ver iwinaswarmetyvelebda sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas. garkveuli saxis liberalizacia SesaZleblad miiCneoda, magram ara imperiis dasasruli. vili brandtis reaqcia moulodnel xelnawers swrafad mohyva, igi avtoris suliskveTebas srulad iziarebda. `berlinis presis samsaxuris ufrosi da social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris uSualo TanamSromeli am nawers am saxiT ver gamoaqveynebs~. man mTxova, xelnaweri `partiis xelmZRvanelobis Sida msjelobis dokumentad meqcia~. tutcingSi Cems gamosvlaze reaqcia jer kidev kargad maxsovda. Sefis interesSi ver iqneboda iseTi Sinaarsis wigni, romelic mZafr dapirispirebas gamoiwvevda. misi SemoTavazeba iyo`patara samuSao jgufis~ Seqmna da savaraudod, SemodgomisTvis`jerovnad gadamuSavebuli versiis~ gamoqveyneba, garda amisa, SemogvTavaza, evropis usafrTxoebis da gaerTianebuli germaniis usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebis sakiTxi helmut SmidtTanac ganvixiloTo. misi TavSekaveba aRviqvi rogorc uaryofis daxvewili forma. igi exeboda safexurebriv models, romelzedac miTxra,`praqtikuli politikis TvalTaxedvidan SeuZlebeli mgoniao~. teqstSi vayalibebdi azrs, rom`berlinis mmarTveli meri vili brandti am wigniT mxolod uflebas aZlevs Tavis TanamSromlebs, hqondaT sakuTari azrebi da gamoxaton kidec isini~. man daundoblad mkafio xelnaweri komentariT mimiTiTa erT epizodze, romelic samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi prezident kenedis mrCevlis, ted sorensenis mier daweril kenedis biografiaSi gvxvdeba:` 1960 wlis dekemberSi kenedisTan erTad mosawvevebi ganvixileT, ro55

melic CemTvis gamoegzavnaT. moxsenebebis wasakiTxad mepatiJebodnen; garda amisa, ramdenime Jurnals surda Cem Sesaxeb statia gamoeqveynebina.`yvela ukan daabruneT~, miTxra man da me mis rCevas vende...`Tu ginda davidarabas Tavi aarido, ukana planze unda darCe~. ra xSirad kiTxulobda Sefi mniSvnelovan, saintereso, gindac pikantur raRacebs Cemze adre(netav rodis aswrebda?). xSirad mirCevda xolme:`es SegiZlia arc waikiTxo~. axali literaturuli gamocemebis Sesaxeb kargad iyo informirebuli. hoda, masTan mivedi, raTa kiTxvaze`axla ras vSvrebiT~ mepasuxa, rom wigns ar gamovcemdi. didad ar gaumaxvilebia yuradReba, sruliad axali Tema gamacno. mosalodnelia, rom Semodgomaze didi koalicia Seiqmnas, rac maincdamainc ar aRmafrTovanebso. Cemi fantazia sakmarisi aRmoCnda imis warmosadgenad, rom am viTarebaSi wigni bombiviT gaskdeboda. mainc ar minania, rom viSrome. upirveles yovlisa: brandtma waikiTxa xelnaweri da Semifasa. am Temaze saubari saWiro aRar iyo. wigni Cveni momavali wlebis politikis umTavres Temebs eZRvneboda. CemTvis mniSvnelovani teqsti saweri magidis ujraSi Cavkete da brandts usiamovneba avacile. igi Cems megobrul loialobas tyuilad ar endoboda. misi mrCevlidan megobrad viqeci. 56

meore nawili – boni didi koalicia – arapopularuli da gardauvali brandti jer kidev 1965 wlis saarCevno kampaniaSi miRebul Seuracxyofas da bundestagis wagebul arCevnebs ganicdida, magram 1966 wlis ivnisSi partiis yrilobam brwyinvale SedegiT isev airCia partiis Tavmjdomared. 326 delegatidan 324 -ma dauWira mxari. rodesac kancler erhardis federaluri mTavroba ver SeTanxmda qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-socialuri partiebis gaerTianebis mier dagegmil gadasaxadebis gazrdaze, Tavisufali demokratebis partiis ministrebi 1966 wlis 27 oqtombers gadadgnen. imave dRes Camovuwere brandts Cveni SesaZleblobebis dawvrilebiTi analizi. `qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan~ erTad yofna`garyvnilebis~ STabeWdilebas datovebda, Tavisufali demokratebisTvis, rogorc partniorebisTvis, ueWvelad unda migveniWebina upiratesoba. magram:`Tuki Tavisufal demokratebTan maTive mizeziT ar gamogviva, maSin kidev erTxel seriozulad unda ganvixiloT didi koaliciis sakiTxi... SeiZleba es aRmoCndes erTaderTi Sansi am qveyanaSi xalxis mxardaWeris mosapoveblad~. yvela riskis gaTvaliswinebiT: `social-demokratiuli partia araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda darCes gareT~. 57

sanam social-demokratebis saxeliT herbert veneri da helmut Smidti da`gaerTianebis~ saxeliT kurt georg kizingeri da rainer barceli rigSi dgebodnen, kulisebSi momavlis ganmsazRvreli Sexvedra Sedga. brandtma bonSi mimavlina, rom hans-ditrix genSerTan, maSin bundestagSi Tavisufali demokratebis fraqciis TavmjdomaresTan, SesaZlo koaliciis sakiTxi ganmexila. saubari mis kabinetSi Sedga. igi erTmniSvnelovnad emxroboda aseTi koaliciis Seqmnas, miuxedavad minimaluri umravlesobisa. magram genSers partiuli megobrebi valter Seeli da viliam bormi afrTxilebdnen, liberaluri fraqciis erTianoba garantirebuli ar ariso. amitom es mcdeloba dasamarda, me ki werili davwere Seelis saxelze, romelSic Sefi mwuxarebas gamoTqvamda, rom kavSiri ver Sedga: `aman ar unda SegviSalos xeli urTierTobis gagrZelebaSi... imeds gamovTqvam, rom yovelives SevinarCunebT~. mTavrobis damtkiceba 1966 wlis dekembramde gaWianurda. herbert venerma Tavis mizans miaRwia. didi koalicia brandts ejavreboda. erCivna, partiis Tavmjdomared darCeniliyo. magram partiis Tavmjdomare, romelic kabinetis wevri ar aris an vice-kancleri, romelsac umniSvnelo sfero abaria, ara mxolod mis siamayes ewinaaRmdegeboda, aramed Zalauflebis mimarT mis damokidebulebas da sagareo uwyebis xiblsac. wina wlebis cilismwameblur da Seuracxmyofel kampanias Rrma kvali daemCnia misi sulisTvis. male Segueba mouwevda gavrcelebul saxelwodebasTan –`Serigebis federalur mTavroba~. igi mTavrobis wevrebis biografiebs icnobda: emigrantis da yofili memarcxene-socialistis – brandtis gverdiT ijda kizingeri, romelic, ekonomikis ministris – social-demokrat karl Sileris msgavs­ad, 58

adre nacional-socialisturi partiis wevri iyo. maSin, roca yofili komunisti veneri – amjerad saerTo germanuli sakiTxis ministri – moskovis sastumro luqss gadaurCa, finansTa ministri franc iozef Strausi ki vermaxtis oficeri gaxldaT. Strauss brandti pativs scemda. mas miaCnda, rom bavarieli Tavisi unarebiTa da energiiT kancleradac ivargebda, miuxedavad imisa, rom TavSeukavebeli xasiaTi bevr rameSi xels uSlida. qristian-socialist Strauss did eleqtrosadgurs adarebda, romelsac patara boslis damcavebi aqvs. kizingeri ki, romelsac Sinaurulad`kionig zilbercunges~ eZaxdnen, brandts msubuq woniT kategoriad miaCnda. mis sazogadoebaSi Tavs kargad ver grZnobda da mTavrobis meTaurTan komunikacia veners gadauloca. fraqciis Tavmjdomareebi – helmut Smidti da rainer barceli, Cinebuli menejerebi, parlamentis uproblemo muSaobas uzrunvelyofdnen. 59

sagareo uwyebaSi Sionebergis ratuSis senatis kancelaria, aTobiT maRali rangis moxeliTa da aliansis wevrebTan damakavSirebuli sami oficriT, ise gansxvavdeboda sagareo uwyebis aparatisgan, rogorc kargad gamarTuli mcire sawarmo ver gautoldeba saerTaSoriso koncerns, anda, berlinis policiis prezidentis uflebebi da bonis Tavdacvis ministris Zalmosileba. federaluri done sxva Tvisebebs moiTxovda da yoveldRiuri informaciisa da moqmedebebis moculoba TviT berlinis mmarTveli merisTvisac sxva ganzomileba aRmoCnda. naxtomi Sionebergis ratuSidan pirdapir kancleris aparatSi brandts ar gamouvidoda. sagareo saqmeTa axali ministris – brandtisTvis gakeTebul CanawerSi, berlinSi SeTvisebuli stiliT, zedmetad mkafiod gamovxate azri: rom umniSvnelovanesi iyo gagvebaTilebina adenaueris mtkiceba, TiTqosda mTavrobaSi social-demokratTa yofna germaniis dasasruls moaswavebda.`didi koaliciis fsiqologiuri simtkice, maSasadame, mravali tabu jer kidev dasamsxvrevi iyo~. `tabus damsxvrevas~ brandtma xazi gausva da iqve miawera: `ara orientacia, saerTo niSnuli!~ maSasadame, Serigeba urTierTTanamSromlobiT, sakoalicio mSvidobis xarjze sagareo politikuri tabuirebis damsxvrevis magivrad. 60

Cems CanawerSi dasaxuli yvela sxva mizani gaiTvaliswina: diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba aRmosavleT evropisa da arabul qveynebTan, natos reforma, diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba CineTTanac ki. me vwerdi:`es fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ukeT da Tan materialuri danaxarjis gareSe gamokveTs federaciuli respublikis simwifes~. ukan rom vixedebi, didi koaliciis sagareo politikuri monapovari sakmaod Wrelia: naklebi, vidre gvsurda da meti, vidre velodiT. axal ministrs sagareo uwyebaSi pativs scemdnen. ori kaci gadagviyvana berlinidan: klaus Siutci – saxelmwifo mdivnis rangSi, romelic praqtikul tvinad moiazreboda, da me, rogorc dagegmvis Stabis ufrosi – Teoriuli tvini. Cven mxolod partiul jariskacebad ar gvTvlidnen. awi gamoCndeboda, rogor moergeboda Cveni sameuli uwyebis gundur suliskveTebas. qristian-demokratiuli partiis Cvidmetwliani sistemuri sakadro politikis Semdeg, dauSvebeli iqneboda`socialisturi gardaqmna~, romlisac yvelas eSinoda. am uwyebisTvis saTanadod momzadebuli social-demokratebic ar Candnen. loialobasa da Sedegze orientirebuli Cveneuli principi TandaTanobiT cvlilebebs iTvaliswinebda. garda amisa, wmendis Catareba da maRali rangis moxeleTa gadamowmeba, xom ar iyvnen maT Soris nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrebi, ar Seefereboda Serigebaze orientirebul mTavrobas. erTaderT gamonakliss warmoadgenda axali federaluri kancleri. upirvelesi fiqri,`TaflobisTveSi~ CamerWo sakuTari solebi, maSinve ukuvagde, realobas ar Seesabameboda. sagareo uwyebamac ver aicila Tavidan mesame raixis dros reJimis morCileba. kargad Tu daakvirdebodi, mixvdebo61

di, rom moxeleebi arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodnen sxva uwyebebSi dasaqmebulTagan, Tumca, TvalSi gxvdeboda diplomatiuri samsaxuris gansakuTrebuli damRa, romelsac sazRvargareT msaxureba ganapirobebda: xasiaTi, niWi, oportunizmi, mokrZalebuloba da warmomavloba unikalurad SeTviseboda erTmaneTs. omis Semdeg sagareo samsaxuris aRmSenebloba iTvaliswinebda Serigebas da es procesi globkes saxels atarebda.`yofilebis~ – ZiriTadad nacisturi partiis wevrebis qseli – kvlav simtkiciT gamoirCeoda. erT-erT SefasebaSi, romelic 1966 wlis Sobis win davuwere brandts, gamovyavi sami fena:`Zveli~ sagareo uwyebis reaqtivirebuli personali,`axlebi~ – ZiriTadad Spaieris diplomatiuri skolis kursdamTavrebulni da `gareSeni~. meore jgufi mzad iyo TanamSromlobisTvis da didi molodiniTac gamoirCeoda~.`gareSeTa~ jgufi uaRresad heterogenuli – xalxi, romelic iseTi uunaro aRmoCnda, verc ki mixvdnen, ratom ar unda daejildovebinaT`qristian-demokratiuli partiisTvis gaweuli kargi muSaobisTvis~ da sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo ratom `daiCagrnen~. swrafva, mTeli uwyeba samuSao reJimSi da integrirebuli gyoloda, seleqciur sakadro politikas ver aitanda:`partiuli politikis niSniT Catarebuli mkacri sakadro wmenda qristian-demokratTa politikis ierSecvlili gagrZeleba iqneboda~, vwerdi brandts. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleboda Tqmuliyo,`umTavres ganmsazRvrel faqtorad gveqcia gulmodgined muSaoba~. zogierT`yofilTan~ TanamSromlobas gverds ver avuvlidiT. Cvens`megobrebs~, cxadia, imedi gaucruvdaT. social-demokratiuli partiidan gvakritikebdnen da moiTxovdnen, gansakuTrebiT 62

wagvexalisebina qristian-demokratTa politikiT daCag­ rulni da dagvewinaurebina unariani social-demokratebi. magram brandts dasaxuli miznidan ar gadauxvevia: integracia kvlav gamowvevad rCeboda. brandti mxolod axali kabinetis Semrigeblur xasiaTs ki ar uwevda angariSs, aramed misi qmedeba gamocdilebis da SorsmWvretelobis gamoxatuleba aRmoCnda. sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, postze samwliani yofnisas, bevri saCivris Tu winadadebis ganxilva uxdeboda. am saqmeSi kadrebis ganyofilebis ufrosi georg federeri misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mrCeveli da damxmare iyo, ara mxolod imitom, rom Zveli uwyebidan`Cveni partieli~ gaxldaT, aramed igi yvelas icnobda, buzis spilosgan garCeva icoda da erTgulebda ministrsac da uwyebasac. Cvenma principebma gaamarTla. magaliTad, isev Sevxvdi franc krapfs. Cveni SemTxveviTi nacnoboba matarebelSi daiwyo, roca parizSi gavemgzavreT 1950 wels, Sumanis gegmaze mosalaparakeblad. misTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda, rom Cvens delegacias xelmZRvanelobda`sruliad ucnobi profesori, gvarad halStaini~. im kriteriumebis mixedviT, romlebic ioSka fiSerma SemoiRo sagareo saqmeTa ministris rangSi, nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrebi uwyebis JurnalSi oficialur nekrologebs aRar imsaxurebdnen. franc krapfi erT-erTi pirveli aRmoCnda, visac es Seexo. ocdaSvidi wlisam daiwyo 1938 wels sagareo uwyebaSi muSaoba da 1940 wlidan 1945 wlamde tokioSi msaxurobda saelCoSi. 1947 wels, rodesac gatarda nacizmisgan ganTavisuflebis procedura, mas`nacizmisgan Tavisufali~ piris statusi mieniWa, 1951 wels axalSeqmnil sagareo uwyebaSi dabrunda da daubrkoleb­ lad miavlines jer parizSi da mere vaSingtonSi, 1966 63

wels tokioSi dainiSna elCad, 1971 wels ki briuselSi, natoSi Cveni misiis xelmZRvaneloba daekisra. rodesac hainrix albertci beno onezorgze ganxorcielebuli sasikvdilo gasrolis Semdeg mmarTveli meris Tanamdebobidan gadadga, brandti iZulebuli gaxda klaus Siutci mievlinebina berlinSi. axal saxelmwifo mdivnad waradgines georg ferdinand dukvitci. am Zveli saministros kacma, 1932 wlidan nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrma, 1943 wels kopenhagenSi Cvens warmomadgenlobaSi muSaobisas gaigo, rom ebraelebs deportacias upirebdnen da hans hedtofts Seatyobina; es ukanaskneli, omis Semdeg, daniis premier-ministri gaxda. TiTqmis yvela ebraelis gayvana da gadarCena moxerxda navebiT SvedeTSi. dukvitci 1950 wels diplomatiur samsaxurSi daabrunes. ra gasakviria, rom omis Semdeg, igi kopenhagenSi federaciuli respublikis sasurveli da pativcemuli elCi gaxda. Zvel uwyebaSi msaxurobda hans fon hervarTic. igi 1939 wlamde moskovSi, germaniis saelCoSi muSaobda da ebraelma bebiam gadaarCina nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrobas. axali saministros Camoyalibebisas protokolis Sefi gaxda, Semdeg elCi londonSi da Semdeg federaluri prezidentis aparatis ufrosi. brandtma igi ukve pensioneri daabruna da sagareo uwyebis reformis SemuSaveba daavala. am gegmam bevri uwyebis protesti gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT maTi, vinc sagareo politikas gemo briuselSi evropuli uwyebis daarsebis wyalobiT gaugo da axla sagareo saqmeebSi araTu monawileoba ewadaT, aramed gavlena. kizingeri amarTlebda metsaxels `moxetiale uwyebaTaSorisi komiteti~, magram sagareo saqmeTa ministrs dauTmo da Tavisi komisia Seaqmnevina 64

reformis gasatareblad. komisiis saboloo angariSi 1971 wels daido, xolo Sesabamis kanons 1990 wels eyara kenWi yvela fraqciis monawileobiT. brandti, gardacvalebamde ori wliT adre moeswro`Casaxuli Svilis~ dabadebas. mmarTvel mers msoflioSi mogzaurobisas Cvens warmomadgenlobebSi namdvilad uzadod xvdebodnen da mxarSi edgnen, Tumca, social-demokratebs ucxoeTSi arasodes gadavyrivarT. es gamocdileba mis midgomas esadageboda: vinc gadasaxlebaSi ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda, ukan dabrunebuli SurisZiebas da angariSsworebas ver iqadagebda. amitomac izruna, rom rodesac albert Speeri 1966 wels Spandaus cixidan gamouSves, gamarjvebuli Zalebis uwyebis procedura masze ar ganxorcielebuliyo. Jurnalistma inge doiCkornma amis gamo social-demokratiuli partiis wignaki Caabara da israelis moqalaqeobaze Seitana gancxadeba. mokled: brandti iqca integraciis mamad, ara warsulis Sesalamazeblad an dasaviwyeblad, aramed Cveni sazogadoebisTvis ukeTesi momavlis Sesaqmnelad. igi iyo pirveli social-demokrati, romelic 36 wlis Semdeg Sevida germaniis mTavrobaSi; TanamSromlebTan pirveli SexvedrisTanave moiTxova germanuli warsuli xaziT gaemijnaT; wina federaluri mTavrobis mowadinebac, germania aRdgeniliyo 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvrebSi, SeuZleblad miiCnia. omi rom damTavrdeba, mere mas iuridiuli formulebiT veRar moigeb. man mSvidobisa da xalxTa Soris Tanxmobis survili Tavisi moRvaweobis miznad daisaxa. brandts ar daviwyebia uwyebis tradicia, raTenaus da Strezemans eyrdnoboda da xSirad imowmebda bismarks, romelic gmobda politikas –`yvelaferi an araferi~. 65

mis upirveles samoRvaweo xmas Semdgomma ministrebma Seelma, genSerma, kinkelma da fiSerma variaciebi mouZebnes. fiSeris pozicia gamorCeulia, igi gabedulad miudga warsulis gadamuSavebis Temas da specialuri komisia Seqmna, romelmac Tavisi xuTwliani muSaobis Semdeg daadgina, rom SeuZlebeli iqneboda 1966 wels sagareo uwyebis xlarTebSi adamianebis saTiTaod gamokvleva. sircxvilia, rom samoci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar gaCenila sajaro interesi Cveni saxelmwifo uwyebebis warsuli gamokvleuliyo. mxolod 2010 wlis Semdeg Sebedes federalurma sainformacio samsaxurma da zogierTma saministrom am amocanas, romelic dResac mwvaved aRiqmeba. 66

dagegmvis StabSi upirvelesi, rac gansakuTrebiT mZenda Tavdajerebulobas: praqtikulad, me gavxdi saministroSi yvelaze informirebuli piri. StabSi igzavneboda Cveni warmomadgenlobis yvela depeSa, zustad iseve, rogorc ministrTan da saxelmwifo mdivnebTan, magram maT yvelafris wakiTxvis dro ar hqondaT. Cemi TanamSromlebi arCevdnen im informaciebs, romlebic me unda mcodnoda. brandti ki daimedebuli iyo – Cemi codna mis codnas udrida. meamayeboda, rom Cvens qveyanas aseTi aparati hyavda da imis fufunebac, rom gansjaSi fulic gadaexada. Cemi winamorbedi giunter dili kancleris aparatSi gadavida da Stabis saukeTeso TanamSromlebic Tan gaiyola. Sefma maTi Semcvlelebis SerCeva mTlianad me mando. yvela maTgani saTanado kadri aRmoCnda. da dadga droc, tutcingis monaxazi`gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~ dasrulebul koncefciad meqcia. dilisgan viswavle, sagangebo davalebaTa elCs sagareo politikaSi aqtiurobis uflebac aqvso. rac ar unda daujereblad gaismodes dRes: germaniis gaerTianebis koncefcia ar arsebobda. Cemma keTilmosurne da ganswavlulma winamorbedma jer kidev 67

1966 wlis martSi mirCia, Semoifargle ganmtkicebuli poziciebis SenarCunebiTo; igi ver xedavda`halStainis doqtrinaze~ uaris Tqmis aucileblobas. rodesac dagegmvis Stabs davavale, germaniis gaerTianebis koncefciaze imuSaveT-meTqi, standartuli pasuxi miviRe, es oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis konpetenciaao. amocana, gamarjvebuli Zalebis mudmivi moqmedebis uflebebis miuxedavad, gagveanalizebina germaniis interesebi da gvefiqra warmoudgenelze, kolegebs, albaT, iluziadac moeCvenaT da momxibvleladac. brandtisTvis cnobili iyo axali orientaciis ambavi da iziareboda mas. SesaTanxmebeli aRaraferi rCeboda. Cven mier SemuSavebuli pirveli kvleva`evropis usafrTxoebis koncefciebi~ exeboda`germaniis usafrTxoebis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis~ sagareo politikur winapirobebs. gamowvlilviT SeviswavleT yvela qveynis interesi da alternativebi SevafaseT. vaRiareT, rom gdr-is, rogorc saxelmwifos Tanamonawileoba evropis nebismieri saxis usafrTxoebis sistemaSi da oderisa da naises sazRvris aRiareba gardauvali iqneboda. dokumenti 1968 wels warvudgineT brandts. ufro mniSvnelovani gaxldaT meore kvleva –`mosaz­ rebebi momavali federaluri mTavrobis sagareo politikis Sesaxeb~, romelic ukavSirdeboda gdr-Tan CarCo-xelSekrulebis dadebis koncefcias. brandtma igi 1969 wlis 18 seqtembers naxa, maSasadame, bundestagis arCevnebamde aTi dRiT adre da vaSingtonisken mimavalma TviTmfrinavSi waikiTxa. man aRniSna:`arc ise cudia. imedia, male dagvWirdeba~. arCevnebs imedianad vuyurebdiT, magram SedegSi darwmunebulni ar viyaviT. orive dokumenti ganamtkicebda mosazrebebs, romelic mogvianebiT moskov68

Tan, praRasTan da aRmosavleT berlinTan dadebul ormxriv xelSekrulebebSi Sevida. orive maTgani gvikarnaxa Cveni qveynis interesebma da varaudma, rom didi koalicia gagrZeldeboda. brandtisgan, romelsac sZulda aRmatebiT xarisxSi laparaki, SeniSvna`arc ise cudia~, did qebas niSnavda. samarTlianadac Segvaqo, radgan safuZvliani da sistemuri Sromis nayofi 1970 wels movimke moskovSi: sagareo saqmeTa ministr gromikos arcerTi iseTi kiTxva ar dausvams, romelzec dagegmvis Stabs nafiqri ar hqonoda, ase rom, yvelafers myisierad vupasuxe. orive dokumenti Seicavda molodins,`rom gdr momaval oTx weliwadSi xalxTaSoris samarTalSi garRvevas miaRwevda. jer kidev 1962 wlis zafxulSi mivwere brandts werili, romelSic wuxils gamovTqvamdi imis Taobaze, rom `daiwyo ukanaskneli Tveebi, romelSic zonis de faqto aRiareba raRacis momtania~. es tutcingamde erTi wliT adre moxda! maSin man mipasuxa:`marTali xar, magram ra SegviZlia gavakeToT?~ 1969 wlis Semodgomaze ukve cxadi gaxda, rom mesame samyaros bevri qveyana, maT Soris, indoeTic, bonis mier diplomatiuri urTierTobebis gawyvetis muqaris miuxedavad, mzad iyvnen gdr xalxTaSorisi samarTlis Sesabamisad eRiarebinaT. araRiarebis politika federaciul respublikas TviTizolaciis saSiSroebas uqmnida, miTumetes, rom mekavSireebmac daiwyes daZabulobis ganmuxtvis sakuTari RonisZiebebis gadaxedva. Cven mier dagegmili`CarCo-xelSekruleba gdr-Tan~ bevr uwindel tabus amsxvrevda da mkafiod ayalibebda: gdr SeZlebs xalxTaSorisi samarTlis srulfasovani subieqti gaxdes; unda SenarCundes or germanul saxelmwifos Soris gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba, kerZod is, rom erTmaneTisTvis isini sazRvargareTs ki ar warmoadgenen, 69

aramed erTi eris or nawils. maT Soris, iseve, rogorc yvela danarCen evropul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvari unda eqvemdebarebodes Zalis argamoyenebis valdebulebas. aqamde mouwesrigebeli samoqalaqo mimosvla dasavleT berlinsa da federaciul respublikas Soris unda SeTanxmdes xelSekrulebiT. amiT unda daiwyos sabWoTa kavSirTan urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba. CarCo-xelSekrulebas mogvianebiT sabaziso xelSek­ ruleba ewoda. social-liberaluri mTavroba 1969 wels xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTanave, ase martivad rom SeTanxmda am xelSekrulebaze, imis damsaxureba gaxldaT, rom, rogorc dagegmvis StabSi erTma Cemma TanamSromelma gamando, igi, rogorc Tavisufali-liberalebis wevri, Turme monawileobda gdr-Tan SesaZlo xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb kvlevaSi, sadac gdr-is xalxTaSorisi samarTlis Sesabamisad aRiarebac ki ganixileboda. Cveni mosazrebiT, es SeuZlebeli iyo da Tavisufal-liberalebs es punqti amovaRebineT. brandtma maSin eSmakurad Camikra Tvali da miTxra,`xazs mihyevio~. saboloo jamSi, federaluri kancleris, brandtis samTavrobo programis sagareo politikuri nawili ise davwere, rom Seelma mxolod gadaikiTxa da SeniSvnebis gareSe moawera xeli. amdenad, didi koaliciis wyalobiT, mis memkvidreebs imaze Tavis mtvreva, rasac sxvebi aRmosavleTis politikas uwodebdnen, aRar dasWirvebiaT da SeeZloT saqmes Sesdgomodnen. 70

sinamdvile axlaRa vxvdebi, rogor Rrmad CavyvinTe dagegmvis Stabis uzarmazari samuSaos morevSi.`samocdarvawlianebis~ moZraoba da maT mier gamowveuli mRelvareba wesierad arc aRmiqvams. kaliforniaSi axalgazrdobis gamoRviZebam evropaSi gadmoinacvla da Cvenamdec moaRwia. gamoRviZebis saerTaSoriso talRaSi germaneli axalgazrdobis monawileobiT gamowveuli sixaruli iyo erTaderTi gancda, romelic didxans SemogvrCa. natos saxelmwifoebis dagegmvis Stabebis xelmZRvanelebi`dagegmvis atlantikur jgufSi~( APAG ) vikribebodiT. am instituciaSi gadawyvetilebebi ar miiReboda, mxolod azrTa gacvla-gamocvla xdeboda araformalur da megobrul viTarebaSi. adre, norvegiaSive ganvixileT natos reformebis sakiTxi aSS-sa da evropis sabWoTa kavSirTan urTierTobebis WrilSi, dRemde aqtualuri Temaa ruseTTan erTierToba. vaSingtonSi ganvamtkiceT TavisTavad cxadi mosazreba, rom strategiuli atomuri iaraRi mxolod ori super-saxelmwifos saqmed unda darCes da rom substrategiuli sabWoTa saSualo manZilis raketebi mxedvelobaSi ar unda migveRo. evropeli partniorebis azri, gansakuTrebiT londonsa da parizSi, am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti ar iyo, gindac maT rodesme moexerxebinaT erTiani poziciis SemuSaveba. es kargad maxsovda, rode71

sac ramdenime wlis Semdeg natos ormagi gadawyvetilebis sakiTxze vmsjelobdiT. sadac ar Cavidoda sagareo saqmeTa ministri brandti, yvelgan iaponias, CineTsa da amerikas Soris, Zalauflebis, gavlenisa da interesebis kategoriebiT azrovnebdnen. saudis arabeTs dasavleTs miakuTvnebdnen, Tumca iq demokratia ar iyo. mTavrobebs uyvarT demokratiaze da adamianis uflebebze saubari, magram maT azrovnebas Zalauflebis politika da geostrategia gansazRvravs. Tavis motyuebas azri ar aqvs. Cveni`geostrategiuli rolis~ Sesaxeb 1968 wlis oqtomberSi niu iorkSi ufaso gakveTili Cagvitares. germaniis presis saagentos korespondentma baraTi momawoda: sabWoTa kavSiris presis oficerma miTxra:` If Mr . Brandt wants to talk to Mr . Gromyko , the answer will be positive ~. 1 rasakvirvelia, brandts surda. sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis pirveli megobruli Sexvedra sityvier saCuqars gvimzadebda: – sabWoTa mTavroba atomuri iaraRis gauvrceleblobis xelSekrulebas mxolod maSin gaukeTebs ratificirebas, rodesac mas federaluri mTavrobac moawers xelso. am informaciam brandti ise gaaxalisa, rom ixumra:`Zalian mainteresebs, Cemi mTavroba am ambavs arCevnebamde Tu Sematyobinebs~. qdk/qsk gaerTianeba xelmoweraze jer kidev davobda. sagangebo davalebaTa elCis rangSi pirveli davaleba jer kidev 1967 wels Sevasrule. albaneTis garda, Cexoslovakia iyo erTaderTi evropuli qveyana, sadac diplomatiuri warmomadgenloba ar gvqonda. SevTanxmdiT 1 (ingl.) Tu baton brandts surs baton gromikosTan saubari, pasuxi dadebiTi iqneba. 72

generaluri sakonsuloebis gaxsnaze, romelTac diplomatiuri uflebamosileba eqnebodaT da praqtikulad berlinic CaerTveboda. sakonsuloebi unda`migveba~ sagareo vaWrobis saministroebze da ara sagareo saqmeTa saministroze, sadac vizis sakiTxi praqtikulad unda gadawyvetiliyo. Sveiki am saqmes ukeTesad ver moagvarebda. Semdeg buqarestSi gavfrindi da iq brandts Sevxvdi, romelmac, CauSeskusTan erTad, beWedi dausva diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyarebas. Semdeg ki Savi zRvis sanapiroze pompezur sasaxleSi aRmovCndiT, aseTive pompezuri iyo misi mbrZanebelic, romelic Tavis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs xelze mosamsaxuresaviT daarbeninebda aqeT-iqiT. 1968 wlis aprilSi wina wlis partniorma praRis gazafxulis da aleqsander dubCekis gasaocari avtoritetis Sesaxeb mamcno. SevTanxmdiT, rom sasurvel garemoSi SevxvedrodiT da miunxenis 1938 wlis xelSekrulebaze gvemsjela. axali xelSekruleba ise unda Camogveyalibebina, rom Cexebi da germanelebi, agreTve, samSoblodan gaZevebuli sudetis germanelebic kmayofilni darCeniliyvnen da pretenzia ar gamoeTqvaT. Cemma marTlac sapativcemulo partniorma damSvidobebisas SveikiviT Camilaparaka:`mgels saxravi unda gadaugdo, magram Txa ar unda SeaWmevinoo~. agvistos Sua ricxvebSi bonSi Cexoslovakiidan patara delegacia Camovida. praRidan mosuli ambebi ise SemaSfoTebuli iyo, rom wuxili gamovxate, dubCeki xom namdvilad flobs situacias-meTqi. pasuxi, Cven rusebis ukeT gvesmis, vidre Tqveno, Cveni molaparakebebis swraf progress Seesabameboda, meore dRes ukve saocar Sedegs velodiT. es iyo im Rames, rodesac varSavis xelSekrulebis saxelmwifoebi CexoslovakiaSi SeiWren. meore dilas, 73

21 agvistos, delegacia acremlebuli dagvemSvidoba da brandts imisTvis gadauxada madloba, ris gakeTebasac Cven vapirebdiT. federalurma kanclerma kizingerma Tqva:`gagvimarTla, rom praRis ambavi erTi wlis win davasruleT. axla amas kidev didxans ver SevZlebdiTo~. garda amisa, gadawyvita, rom federalur mTavrobas ucvlelad gaegrZelebina daZabulobis ganmuxtvis kursi. uZnelesi amocana, arc mwvadi dagvewva da arc Samfuri, mxolod xuTi wlis Tavze gadaiWra, moskovTan, varSavasTan da gdr-Tan sabaziso xelSekrulebebi gaformda. miunxenis xelSekruleba baTilad gamocxadda da mas Cexoslovakiis mxridan samarTlebrivi xasiaTis moTxovnebi ar gamouwvevia. Semdeg gavfrindi budapeStSi; presas amis Sesaxeb ar Seutyvia. iq im komunisturi partiis sagareo politikur mdivans Sevxvdi, romelmac 1956 wels sabWoTa jarebis mxardamxar CaaxSo winaaRmdegoba. misi saxelia gila horni. davarwmune, rom ungreTi, rogorc`socialisturi banakis~ yvelaze patara qveyana, sxvebze ufro gabeduli unda yofiliyo. dRes Cven megobrebi varT. sagareo saqmeTa ministri rom gaxda, Tavis avstriel kolegasTan, aloiz mokTan erTad 1989 wlis zafxulSi gadaWra `rkinis fardis~ mavTulxlarTebi, Semdeg me Semcvala SvedeTis mSvidobis kvlevis institutis( SIPRI ) gamgeobaSi, stokholmSi, xolo bolos, 1990 wels aaxenis karlos didis priziT daajildoves. 1968 wlis Semodgomaze JenevaSi birTvuli iaraRis armqone saxelmwifoebis didi konferencia Catarda. brandts surda, federaluri republikisTvis strategiuli pozicia ganemtkicebina atomuri teqnikis mSvidobiani gamoyenebis mniSvnelovani potenciis gamo. fasi, romlis 74

gadaxdasac am makoordinerebeli rolisTvis vapirebdiT unda yofiliyo anonsi, rom boni gauvrceleblobis xelSekrulebas xels moawerda, rac SigniT ukve gadawyvetili gaxldaT. brandtis reaqciis mowme gavxdi, rodesac kizingerma faqsi gamougzavna miTiTebiT, Cemi gamosvlidan Sesabamisi adgili amoiReo. brandti afeTqda:`rogor vkadreb sakuTar Tavs, am nacistisgan miviRo miTiTebebi~. yvelas didi Zalisxmeva dagvWirda, rom Segvekavebina, maSinve apirebda gadadgomas. bolos daeTanxma arguments, romelic me moviSvelie: mosaxleoba am mizeziT gadadgomas ver gaigebs bundestagis arCevnebamde Tormeti TviT adre-meTqi. am SemTxvevam ganumtkica azri:`erTi xmiT metic rom mqondes, vecdebi gavxde kancleri~. misi Tavdapirveli ganwyoba, rom didi koalicia politikurad arabunebrivi warmonaqmni iyo, ar ganelebula. brandts erTi suli hqonda, rodis dasruldeboda didi koalicia. veneri da Smidti did koaliciaSi Tavs masze bevrad ukeT grZnobdnen. ormoci wlis Semdegac ki amtkicebda zogierTi, maSin didi koaliciis gagrZeleba, rogorc alternativa, arsebobdao. me mimaCnia, rom: am SemTxvevaSi ar iarsebebda ganmuxtvis politika da, SesaZloa, arc germania gaerTianebuliyo. 1969 wlis martSi gustav hainemani mesame turSi airCies federalur prezidentad Tavisufali demokratebis xmebiT. es faqti, zogadad, xelisuflebis cvlilebis uvertiurad aRiqmeboda, magram mTlad darwmunebulic ver viqnebodiT. erTi xeli banqo rom viTamaSeT,`Cemma~ saxelmwifos meTaurma gamafrTxila, Seni viski stumarTa wignSi Seitaneo, am wigns`federaluri sagadasaxedo inspeqciisTvis warsadgen gamaspinZlebis sabuTs~ uwodebda.`ra cudia, rom vili banqos ar TamaSobs. gadaeci, yvelaze didi 75

fraqciis wevrs ki ar warvadgen federalur kanclerad, aramed imas, vinc umravlesobas moipovebs. federaluri prezidenti imisTvis ki ar var, parlamentSi uari miviRoo~. sagareo uwyebaSi muSaobam mniSvnlovani codna SemZina. sagareo uwyeba ar qmnis sagareo politikas, igi mxolod axorcielebs mas. da es saqme kargidan Cinebulamde ahyavs xelmZRvanelobis miTiTebebis mixedviT, gindac es miTiTebebi araswori iyos sakuTari interpretaciiT, Tuki axali miTiTebebi ar arsebobs. rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva xarisxis daZabuloba sagareo saqmeTa saministrosa da federaluri kancleris aparats Soris sul aris. erTni Tavs grZnoben germaniis sagareo interesebis kargad informirebul mcvelebad, meoreni ki Sehyureben Sida politikuri Zalauflebis wyaros da fundaments – arCevnebs.`direqtorTa wreSi~, rogorc xelmZRvaneli TanamSromlebis yoveldRiur Sekrebas uwodebdnen, xSirad mesmoda mouridebeli gineba kancleris aparatis wvrilfexobis mimarT, romlebic Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen, miTiTebebi gaecaT. sagareo uwyebis maRali rangis moxeleebi, romlebic kancleris aparatSi gadaiyvanes samuSaod, miyvebodnen, mxolod iq mivxvdiT, rom mTavrobis saTaveSi mdgar erT adamianSi iyris Tavs saSinao, partiuli da piradi interesebic kio. es aris demokratiis fasi. magram Tuki kancleri Zalauflebis SenarCunebas gamoacxadebs prioritetad, misi mizani legitimuri ki iqneba, magram qveynisTvis saziano aRmoCndeba. saxelmwifo mdivanma dukvitcma, romelic`dilis wirvas~ uZRveboda, rogorc direqtorebis Sekrebas veZaxdiT, (bonSi!) gadmomca feradi liTografia berlinis xediT da ase damemSvidoba:`Tqven, rogorc Cveni uwyebis sando wevri, gadaxvalT mtruli xazis iqiT samuSaod~. 76

naxtomi mwvervalze kviras, 1969 wlis 28 seqtembers wina dReebis facifuci Cacxra. risi gakeTebac SeiZleboda, davasruleT. mSvidad var da vilis venusbergze vxvdebi – iq mdebareobda sagareo saqmeTa ministris samsaxureobrivi vila – marto seirnobs, SemarTulia, seriozuli, xalisiani, imedaRsavse, ukeTesis momlodine. marTalia, saubrisas paTetikas veridebiT, magram sakuTari xma mesmis:`Tu saqme saqmeze midgeba, istoriis erT-erTi figura ki aRar iqnebi, aramed istoriis Semqmneli. amas veRar Secvli, yoveli dRe mniSvnelovani iqneba. gadawyvetilebebis miReba mogiwevs da imis dacva, rac sworad migaCnia da Sesabamisad, iseTi Zlieri pozicia geqneba partiaSi, rogorc arasdros~. usityvod gadioda wuTebi. xangZlivi dumili siarulisas ufro SeumCnevelia, vidre jdomisas. Semdeg Camoayaliba kabinetisa da fraqciis personaluri Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb xedva da mkiTxa, Sen ras isurvebdio. vupasuxe, didad arc axla mainteresebs tituli, mxolod iseTi posti minda, romlis saSualebiTac Cvens sagareo politikaSi moRvaweobas SevZleb-meTqi. mTxova, Seelis telefonis nomeri gamigeo. saubarisas Tavisufali demokratebis 77

lideri ise aRar omaxianobda, rogorc, ramdenime dRis winaT, televiziiT gamosvlisas. partiis ofisSi Semosuli pirvelive Sedegi Tavzardamcemi aRmoCnda. 47 procenti – qristian-demokratiul partias, 40 procenti – social-demokratiul partias. dilas naTqvami maxsendeba: Tavi gavimasxaraveT. vili ganmartoebas amjobinebs da aravis naxva ar surs. arc ki vici, ra vuTxra. dambladacemuliviT var. yvelaze erTguli megobaric ki uZluria aseT momentSi. ara mxolod obieqturad, subieqturadac vili Tu SeZlebda aseT egzistencialur momentSi sakuTari politikuri cxovrebis bedi gadaewyvita. dasabuTebuli, saqmiani poziciis Camosayalibeblad meti dro mWirdeba, vidre vilis rCeboda. Tavisi siZliere da gamWriaxoba axla unda gamoeCina. me amdens ver gavuZlebdi. is gancdebi arasodes damaviwydeba. msgavsi momenti aRarasdros dagvdgomia. imRamindeli Tavyriloba dRevandeliviT maxsovs. social-demokratiuli partiis elita Sekrebiliyo – darbaiseli, gamocdili, Zalauflebis fasis mcodne, Wkviani adamianebi. zogierTi maTgani darwmunebuli iyo, rom kanclerobas SeZlebda, bevrs didi koaliciis gagrZeleba ewada kancler kizingeris xelmZRvanelobiT. SemaSfoTa imis warmodgenam, rom ganmuxtvisa da aRmosavleTis Cveneuli politika TamaSad SeiZleboda darCeniliyo. da Semdeg, rodesac televiziiT gamarjvebaSi darwmu­ nebuli kizingeri da aRtacebuli barceli aCvenes da niqsonis milocvac gaaxmaures, gamovida brandti, gadamwyveti satelefono saubari ukve dasrulebuliyo SeelTan, da ganacxada, rom Zalauflebaze hqonda pretenzia da yvela daemorCila qarizmatul liders. cieb-cxelebis Semdeg 78

sixarulma daisadgura, yvela erTmaneTs ise exveoda, TiTqos sxvanairi Sedegi arc SeiZleboda damdgariyo. federaluri kancleris kabinetSi masTan marto darCenilma moridebulad mivuloce:`aTwliani TanamSromlobis Semdeg gavicani iseTi vili brandti, rogoris naxvac bevrjer minatria~. araferi upasuxia. ise Cveulebrivad ganaxlda TanamSromloba, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos. me mas vawvdi situaciis analizs, rogorsac amerikaSi` President elect ~-s umzadeben. federalur respublikaSi amis gamocdileba raxan ar gagvaCnda, Sevaxsene:`momaval or kviraSi mogiwevs gaukvalav Tovlze siaruli. amerikis mTeli gamocdileba erTmniSvnelovnad miuTiTebs, rom am periodSi momavali meTauris nebismieri sajaro gamosvla nebismier sakiTxze raRac mniSvnelovans Seicavdes~. garda amisa, vurCie, – kizingers miswere da SeuTvale,`Tavi SvebulebaSi gasulad igrZeni-Tqo!~. Semdeg sxva mTavrobebis meTaurebisTvis unda mogvemzadebina werilebi, maTTvis, vinc ukve mogviloca, maT Soris, ssrks-s ministrTa sabWos TavmjdomarisTvis,`kolega kosiginisTvis~, rogorc waixumrebda xolme brandti. mas uTvlida`Cvens qveynebs Soris urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT Sexvedrisa da azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis mzaobas~. meore dRes vurekav niqsonis mrCevels usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi, henri kisinjers. ramdenjerme moibodiSa, sainformacio cnobebs daveyrdeniT da gvegona, kizingeri isev airCieso. arc prezidents da arc administracias preferencia ar gaaCniao. brandtis mTavrobasTan muSaobas mivesalmebiTo. me vuioleb, rac iyo, davivi­ wyoT-meTqi. kisinjeri mamcnobs, oficialurad dagpatiJeb sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT vaSingtonSio. 79

brandti xalisobs. araferi uWirs super-saxelmwifos, cota Sefucxundeso. axal federalur kanclersac federaluri sasazRvro dacvis samsaxuri icavs da ara jari. misi orkestri misalmebis prusiuli marSis Semdeg berlinur simReras asrulebs. sanam brandti samxedro formirebas Cauvlis, welgamarTuli da gaqvavebuli saxiT, vgrZnob, ar vcdebodi, roca vfiqrobdi, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros gareSe pirdapir Sionebergis ratuSidan pale SaumburgSi naxtomi ar gamovidoda. verafers dauwuneb adenaueris aparatis ufrosis, hans globkes kabinets, sadac awi momiwevs muSaoba. misaRebisTvis calke Sesasvleli, samdivnos gverdis avliT; sakuTari sapirfareSo, satelefono xazi kanclerTan, romliTac momavalSi is ufro xSirad isargeblebs, vidre – me, calke satelefono sistema ministrebTan da erTic Cveulebrivi aparati. moltkes lenbaxis mier Sesrulebuli naxati mTel sivrces ikavebs. personali angariSs miwevs da mekiTxeba, sxvas xom ar amjobinebTo? mtkiced vpasuxob:`rasakvirvelia, ara~. zedmetad xmauriani miTqma-moTqma`did mdumares~ sazianod miaCnda, demokratiaSi, miTumetes. arc brandtma isurva raime Seecvala kancleris kabinetSi. igi dajda adenaueris sawer magidasTan, da yvelaferi xeluxleblad daatovebina, naxatebis CaTvliT. urCevnia tradiciis ganmgrZobad aRiqvan. 80

dasawyisi vaSingtonSi swrafi mipatiJebis wyalobiT, samTavrobo programis war­ dgenamde kisinjerma miiRo axali koaliciis aRmosavle­ Tis politikis Ria da vrceli daxasiaTeba. uaRresad saintereso sacdeli garbeni iyo, radgan mxardaWeris ga­reSe, amerikelebis Cumi Tanxmobis gareSe mainc, politikuri kursis Secvla saTuo iyo da did risks gviqadda. ver warmomedgina, niqsonis mrCeveli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi TeTri saxlis sardafis erT patara oTaxSi Tu damxvdeboda. henrim undoblad Sexeda Cvens gamowvevas da bevri kiTxva damisva. gansakuTrebiT dainteresda, sworad afasebdnen Tu ara axali xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi dasaxuli gegmebis ganzomilebas. asea Tu ise, yoveldRe ar xdeboda, rom germanelebs, rusebTan erTad, maT Soris mdebare qveynebis gverdis avliT daewyoT molaparakebebi. rodesac kiTxvebs bolo aRar uCanda, Sevagebe, konsultaciisTvis ki ar movsulvar, ambis mosayolad movedi, Cven am gegmebs upirobod ganvaxorcielebT-meTqi. es axleburad laparaks niSnavda. brandts rom berlinis krizisis dros ndoba ar moepovebina, sabWoTa kavSirs rom ar scodnoda, rom aSS Cvenze Tvalyuris devnas ar moiSlida, kisinjeri ar gamandobda, rom mas kremlTan, sagareo saqmeTa saministros gverdiT 81

avliT, hqonda saidumlo sakomunikacio arxi da arc imas SemomTavazebda, mzad var, pale SaumburgTanac gavWra aseTive pirdapiri arxio. mis winadadebas maSinve daveTanxme. ukeTess verafers vinatrebdi. erTmaneTs gavakontrolebdiT da undoblobas aRmovfxravdiT. me mas brandtis mier kosiginisTvis miwerili werilis Sesaxeb vuambe, aRvniSne isic, pasuxi werilze jer rom ar gvqonda. gamomSvidobisas ki miTxra:`Tqveni warmateba Cveni warmateba iqneba~. brandts aRtacebulma vuambe, man SvebiT amoisunTqa da manamde gaumetebeli fraziT Semaqo:`Zalian kargi~. kisinjers dRemde vemadlierebi. mis gareSe ganmuxtvis politika ar ganxorcieldeboda. federaciis axali rwmunebulis rangSi gavfrindi berlinSi, sadac yvela saministros hqonda warmomadgenloba, aRmovaCine, rom berlinSi meti TanamSromeli gvyavda, vidre bonSi, davaTvaliere Cemi`rezidencia~ piuklerStraseze, sadac, adenaueris msgavsad, axla brandtsac SeeZlo Ramis gaTeva. Tanac, es Senoba arasajaro saubrebisTvisac xelsayreli iqneboda, gansakuTrebiT, amerikis elCTan da mis sabWoTa kolegasTan Sesaxvedrad gamodgeboda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am ukanasknels berlinSi rwmunebebi ar gaaCnda. germaniis gaerTianebis Semdeg es vila federaluri prezidentis rezidenciad iqca. bonSi miviRe israelis elCi azher ben-naTani, kurd iurgensis umcros Zmas hgavda aRnagobiT, Tvalisa da Tmis feriT. arCevnebSi gamarjveba mogviloca da aRniSna, awi yvelaferi ufro iolad mogvardebao. SevewinaaRmdege: ufro Zneli iqneba-meTqi, radgan axla aq sxedan adamianebi, romelTac maTi warsulis gamo ver daaSantaJeb, isini Tavs gaTavisuflebulad grZnoben da ara damarcxe82

bulad-meTqi. am mkveTri sityvebis bazaze kargi TanamSromloba ganmtkicda. amasobaSi sagareo saqmeTa axalma ministrma Seelma Tanxmoba ganacxada, gvemsjela jer kidev didi koaliciis mimarT sabWoTa kavSiris SeTavazebul winadadebaze Zalis argamoyenebis Sesaxeb. paul frankisgan, sagareo saqmeTa saministros momavali saxelmwifo mdivnisgan vicodi, rom mniSvnelovani misiebis win jobs Tavad Camowero mimarTulebebi, raTa Tavidan airido Seusrulebeli moTxovnebi. me es sagulisxmo rCeva aRar damWirvebia; Seels mimarTulebebis gansazRvra zedmetad miaCnda, mainc yvelaferi zepirad icio. ase rom, brandtma da Seelma damavales, instruqciebis gareSe mosinje gromikosTan, ganxorcielebis rogori Sansi aqvs axali federaluri mTavrobis koncefciaso. moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebas uvertiura uZRoda. ar mindoda, magram mTavrobis spikeris konrad alersis daJinebuli Txovnis gamo davTanxmdi sabWoTa JurnalistTan Sexvedraze. Sobis wina Rames, saweri magida rom mivalage, maSin Sedga is Sexvedra. gavicani valeri lednevi, warmosadegi, meloti kaci, Tavidan ubralo kiTxvebi damisva, mere ki erT wamSi momnusxa, radgan brandtis mier kosiginisTvis miwerili werilis frazebi moixmo. mTavari, rac miTxra: sabWoTa mxare mzad aris daxurul kars miRma azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisTvis. politbiuros mxolod xuTma wevrma icis Cemi davalebis Sesaxebo. bonSi sabWoTa saelCo saqmis kursSi ar ariso. madloba gadavuxade da vamcne, ianvris bolos moskovSi Camoval-meTqi. aRmiTqva, SevxvdeT aseTive viTarebaSio. saSobao naZvisxis morTvis dro sadRa rCeboda. brandts davureke. madloba gadamixada(rac iSviaTad xdeboda) am 83

mSvenieri saSobao saCuqrisTvis da Cveni arxis saSualebiT kisinjersac Seatyobina. awi aRar gvadardebda, ras upasuxebda hainemani ulbrixts. am ukanasknalma federalur prezidents, imisaTvis, rom brandtis samTavrobo gancxadebaze mietana ieriSi, xelSekrulebis iseTi SeTavazeba gaugzavna, romelze saubaric warmoudgeneli iyo da amitom upasuxod darCa. ulbrixti moskovTan Cvens kontaqts veRar CaSlida. 1970 wlis 14 ianvars, moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebamde ori kviriT adre, brandtma waradgina Tavisi pirveli moxseneba qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. masSi man Zalis argamoyenebis valdebuleba gamoacxada`aRmosavleT evropis qveynebTan dRes arsebuli politikuri sakiTxebis mogvarebis fundamentad~, radgan`imedi ar arsebobs, rom germaneli eri, rogorc erTi mTliani, uaxloes xanSi SeZlebs samSvidobo xelSekrulebis dadebas~. sxva sityvebiT: Cvens koncefcias ganusazRvreli vadiT da yovlismomcvelad unda moegvarebina urTierTobebi aRmosavleT evropasTan, sanam es samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT iqneboda SesaZlebeli. maSin federaciul respublikaSi es didad salaparako ar gamxdara, gansxvavebiT sabWoTa kavSirisgan, sadac, darwmunebuli var, es sakiTxi safuZvlianad Seiswavles. garda amisa, amasobaSi federalurma mTavrobam gauvrceleblobis xelSekrulebas moawera xeli, ramac, albaT, gromikos, niu iorkSi brandtTan Sexvedra gaaxsena. 84

mesame nawili – triumfi da tragedia moskovSi elCi helmut alardti aRfrTovanebiT ar Semxvedria, gasagebia, Tavze daasves kaci, romelic pirvelad iyo moskovSi. saubari usiamovnod daiwyo. man Seuracxyofad miiRo, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros protokolis erTi dabali rangis TanamSromeli gamouSves CvenTan Sesaxvedrad. magram me Tavad vwyvetdi, rodis megrZno Tavi arasaTanadod dafasebulad. alardtma iukadrisa Cemi Catanili Celos yuTisTvis moekida xeli, egona, aseTi TvalSi mosaxvedri saCuqari mxolod delegaciis xelmZRvanels mouvidoda TavSio. am dros, Celos yuTi, Cemi sastumros nomerSi rom mivitaneT, aRmoCnda sagareo uwyebis samarTlebrivi ganyofilebis ufrosis, batoni fon treskovis saCuqari: viskiTa da Sesabamisi WiqebiT aRWurvili namdvili bari. sanam germaniis televiziisTvis mcire komentars vakeTebdi, zurgsukan gadaWdobil xelebSi patara baraTi Ca­mi­des, lednevi mwerda, sastumroSi dagirekavo. Cveni de­legacia sastumro`ukrainis~ ocdamerve sarTulze cxov­robda. acimcimebuli qalaqis STambeWdavi xedi krem­ lis oqros gumbaTebamde swvdeboda. am qveynis ramdeni mkvdar­i da cocxali moqalaqis bedi gadauwyvetiaT am qa­laq­Si! rogori grZnobiT davtovebdi mas, es azri 85

namdvilad mTrgunavda. mxolod mogvianebiT mivxvdi, ras gulisxmobda hainrix abertci Tavis memuarebSi am Cems vizitze:`brandtis xeldasmiT, magram mainc marto gaeSura oficialuri politikis frontze~. lednevi gamoCnda. sastumros restornis centrSi patara magidisken wamiZRva da miTxra:`arasodes airCio magida kuTeSi an svetebTan. ismineba~. es mxolod erT rames cxadyofda: igi kgb-dan ar iyo. leom, rogorc male gavuSinaurdiT, miTxra, saelCos xval SevatyobinebT, rom zeg gromiko Segxvdebao. Turme, leos aRafrTovanebda germanuli literatura, sjeroda, rom Cvens qveynebs Soris axali urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi Seitanda wvlils – sando, naTeli da erTguli adamiani aRmoCnda. ministri, rogorc vaSingtonSi, aseve moskovSic sa­ gareo saqmeTa saministros meSvide sarTulze ijda. magidas orTave mxares rvani Semosxdomodnen. gromiko bolos Semovida da ise momesalma, rogorc nacnobs niu iorkidan. sityva me damiTmo, es Tavazianoba masac uqmnida xelsayrel mdgomareobas. mxolod ramdenime Canawerze dayrdnobiT, zepirad vilaparake Cven mier dagegmili aRmosavleTis politikis zogad koncefciaze. saerTo unda gamogveZebna, Tu ndobis Camoyalibeba gvindoda. Cveni saelCos warmomadgenlebi, rusebis msgavsad, gamalebiT iwerdnen saubars, maTac pirvelad esmodaT es sityvebi. naxevari saaTis Semdeg gromikomac imave xangrZlivobiT ilaparaka da gaukvirda, myisierad rom vupasuxe kritikul kiTxvebze. diskusiam sam saaTs gastana. leos komentari: gromiko breJnevs eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi abarebda angariSs. awi ra moxdeboda, jer gadawyvetili ar hqondaT. perspeqtivebi jer kidev bundovani Canda. mkiTxa, xom ar isurveb profesori giorgi 86

arbatovi gagacno, amerika-kanadis institutis direqtorio. rasakvirvelia, Tanxmoba ganvucxade. mxolod oci wlis mere gamimxila arbatovma, kgb-s maSindelma Sefma iuri andropovma damavala, kbili mousinjeo. igive iTqmoda oficialuri Sexvedrebis donezec. meore Sexvedrisas gromikos gverdze vladimir semionovi ijda, yofili umaRlesi komisari germaniaSi. man bonis saxelmwifo mdivnis Sefasebisas valentin falinis mosazrebebi ganavrco, falini kerketi kakali gaxldaT, germaniis sakiTxi mas ebara, Tumca germaniaSi namyofic ar iyo. isev sami saaTi visaubreT; es dro iqca kviraSi orjer Cveni Sexvedrebis formatad. uceb lafsusi aRmovuCine: gromikom araferi icoda gaeros qartiis 53 -e da 107 -e muxlebis germaniaze gavlenis Sesaxeb. ar mindoda Semercxvina da taqtianad Sevuswore, Tan sayovelTaod cnobili mexsiereba Sevuqe. semionovma da falinma kmayofilebiT Caicines, gromikom ki, rogorc WeSmarit profesionalebs sCveviaT, koreqtura maSinve gaiTavisa. mivxvdi, ras niSnavs Sinagani simSvide. leom`slava~ gamacno. mxarbeWiani, tansruli, didmuqTvaleba kaci, xels mogatexda, iseTi misalmeba icoda. ra gvari iyo, dRemde ar vici. is uZRveboda Sexvedras, maSasadame, ufrosi iyo, mere brandtTan gamovTqvi varaudi, albaT orive generaluri mdivnis aparatidanaa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, gromikoze zemdgomni arian-meTqi. visadileT JurnalistTa klubSi, sadac adre gorki qeifobda xolme; slavam aRniSna, valeris naTqvami ise gavige, TiTqos kosiginTan saubris survili gamogeTqvaTo. niu iorkSi miRebuli gamocdilebis wyalobiT maSinve mivuge: sworad gaigeT-Tqo.`maSin vecdebiT SegaxvedroT~, Semageba pasuxad. 87

saRamos, seirnobisas, slavam da leom komplimentebiT amavses: – sami saaTi bWobda politbiuro, unda mieRe Tu ara kosiginso. aTwleulebis Semdeg pirvelad iTaTbires seriozulad germaniis sakiTxzeo. meore dilas saelCoSi aravis gasCenia kiTxva, ras niSnavda kosiginis miwveva. naSuadRevs leom moulodneli dabrkolebis Sesaxeb Sematyobina:`wverianma kacma darekao~. isteriuli reaqcia hqonia ulbrixts, roca gaugia, kosigins Cemi naxva rom undoda.`wkipze idga es ambavi, magram Sexvedra Sedgebao~. SeiZleba sabWoTa mxare SeSfoTda, radgan bonidan CemTvis mocemuli veranairi miTiTeba ver moismines, ver gaSifres da ver aRmoaCines, am dros me marTla vnerviulobdi: aranairi gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia Cvens mravalricxovan moxsenebebs, arc SekiTxva, arc miniSneba, arc rCeva. amitomac metad damainteresa ambavma, rom indoeTSi mimavali Seelis TviTmfrinavi moskovSi dajdeboda. sabWoTa diplomatebis erTi jgufi, semionovis xelmZRvanelobiT, germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs uxvi sauzmiT gaumaspinZlda. semionovma gankarguleba gasca, –`air indias~ TviTmfrinavi manam dayovndeba, sanam stumari sauzmobso. Zalauflebis saintereso demonstracia iyo. Cems Sewuxebul kiTxvaze Seelma mSvidad mipasuxa:`sanam Cvengan dumilia, yvelaferi wesrigSia. gaagrZeleT, rasac akeTebT~. Rame Tvali ver movxuWe, kosiginTan Sesaxvedrad vemzadebodi. es Sexvedra daadasturebda moskovSi Cemi misiis warmatebas Tu warumateblobas. meore dilas kremls unda vwveodi. mersedesi ubralo saTadarigo karTan gaCerda. protokolis warmomadgeneli germanulad mogvesalma; dacvis oficeri samxedro wesiT, usityvod da liftisken migvaniSna. zeviT mediduri nabijiT migviZRoda grZel derefanSi. CamiCumi ar 88

ismoda, kaciSvili ar WaWanebda. oficerma kari gamoaRo; protokolis warmomadgenelma oriode sityviT gviCurCula, stalinis samuSao oTaxiao. maRali orfrTiani kari gaaRes. kosiginma ramdenime nabiji gadmodga Cemken, xeli gamomiwoda da gamiZRva grZeli magidisken, romlis bolos saweri magida idga, Cem win dajda, zurgiT fanjrisken. Tarjimanma misi misalmeba rom miTargmna, gaisma: `gismenT~. Cemi cxovrebis urTulesi da usiamovno monologi wavikiTxe. sanam saubris magvari ram Sedgeboda, saxeze nervi ar astokebia, gayinuli lurji Tvalebi momapyro. federaluri kancleris mokiTxva gadaveci da Zalis argamoyenebis germanuli koncefcia gavacani. misi TxuTmetwuTiani uemociobis Semdeg sityva gavamZafre, Cem win mjomi kaci mainc ar Seryeula, bolos, provokaciaze gadavedi da warmovTqvi:`dumili ar kmara~. SeeZlo Tavis Tavze mieRo an sakuTar sagareo saqmeTa ministrze. gromikosTan saubrebSi did winaaRmdegobad gamoikveTa Cveni pozicia, rom germanel xalxs grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi saxelmwifos gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba ar unda Cahketvoda. realistebi varT da viciT, rom TqvenTvis ulbrixti ufro axlobelia, vidre brandti-meTqi, davZine. mokavSireTa arcerT mxares Soris ar unda gaCndes undobloba. rogorc iqna, xma amoiRo da mipasuxa, grZelvadian miznebze saubars axla azri ar aqvso.`Cven iaraRs ar vaJRarunebT~, magram bonSi Tavdacvis axal ministrs bundesveris gaZliereba surso. sxva Zalebi dainteresebuli arian, rom federaluri respublika sabWoTa kavSiris winaaRmdeg farad moiSvelioTo. vupasuxe, gvendeT, Cven ar gadavaWarbebT aliansisTvis Sepirebul zeda zRvars, romelic 495 000 kacs gulisxmobs-meTqi, magram mzad 89

varT, SevamciroT xidebis samSeneblo mZime teqnika-meTqi. radgan evropis Cvens nawilSi mdinareebi samxreTidan Crdi­loeTisken miedinebian, es iqneba Cveni TavdacviTi pozicis gamovlineba-meTqi. ase moilaparakes brandtma da Tavdacvis ministrma, georg leberma-meTqi. aseve gavauqmebT savele lazareTebs, romelTa daniSnuleba TavdasxmiTi xasiaTis aris-meTqi. es Semdeg sabWoTa samxedro eqspertebmac daadastures. marTlac, Cveni ganmuxtvis politikis sawyis etapze, bundesverma piradi Semadgenlobis umaRles niSnuls miaRwia, Tumca amas araferi mohyolia. kosiginma misayvedura, federalur respublikaSi isev iTxoven germaniis gaerTianebas 1937 wlis sazRvrebSio; vinc ase azrovnebs, is oms ar gamoricxavso. me mas Sevaxsene brandtis samTavrobo gancxadeba, romelic eswrafvoda Zalis argamoyenebas yvela saxelmwifos mier dRes arsebul sazRvrebSi, magram Tavi ver Sevikave da vurCie:`nu endobiT maT, vinc getyviT, rom germania gayofas Seegua; is an sulelia, an matyuara~. kosiginma Semdeg dasZina, Tanaxma var federalur kanclers daxurul kars miRma Sevxvde saubris gasagrZeleblado da mkiTxa, partiul kontaqtebze ras fiqrobT, Tu gamogvadgebao. radgan mis qveyanaSi partia marTavda saxelmwifos, orive mxares waadgeba-meTqi – mivuge. es iqca ideologiur sakiTxebze gadasasvlel frazad, gromikosTan amas araviTari roli ar uTamaSia. SevZeli damewynarebina: mxolod mSvidobian Tanaarsebobaze vsaubrobT-meTqi; ideologiuri Tanaarseboba orive qveyanas moutans zians da partiebs gaanadgurebs-meTqi. sabWoTa kavSirs ar uWirda biurgerul partiebTan Ta90

namSromloba. axla varkvevdiT, rogor Seegueboda axal realobas – social-demokratiul federalur mTavrobas. rogorc iqna, Cemi Tanamosaubre modunda da Tavisi qveynis ekonomikur problemebze daiwyo saubari. Cveni TanamSromloba, Seusabamobis gamo, naklebmniSvnelovaniao. kosigini, sinamdvileSi, msoflios yvelaze didi sawarmos generaluri direqtori galdaT, romelsac sabWoTa kavSiri ewodeboda, magram vili brandtTan politikuri molaparakebebis partniorad ar gamodgeboda. bolos mkiTxa, kidev raimes Tqma xom ar gsurTo. vTxove, keTilganwyobiT ganixileT gansakuTrebiT mZime SemTxvevebSi qveynidan gasvlis nebarTvis gacema-meTqi. ikiTxa:`ramdeni arian~. haeridan davabrexve cifri:`samocdaori~.`falins gadaeciT sia~. samocdaori`saqme~ 196 piris siad iqca – moxuci, axalgazrda, omis daviwyebuli tyveebi, aRmosavleT prusielebi, bevr maTgans mravaljer hqonda gasvlaze uari miRebuli. saelCos ar sjeroda warmatebis, magram mainc guldasmiT imuSaves siis Sedgenaze. falinma Cems gamgzavrebamde Caibara sia, erTi Tvis Semdeg ki saelCos baRSi 196 bednieri adamiani vixile. sajaro triumfisgan sruliad SevikaveT Tavi. ndoba unda SegvenarCunebina. Semdeg ulbrixti Tavad Cavida moskovSi. garTulebebis Tavidan asacileblad gromikom me da Cemi yvelaze mniSvnelovani TanamSromeli karl-verner zane leningradSi migvipatiJa. Cqari matarebeli sakmaod nela midioda, rom gaTenebamde ar Casuliyo leningradSi, gzaSi Cvenma Tanmxlebma leom gviambo, kosigini keTilganwyobiT gamoexmaura TqvenTan saubarso, imis miuxedavad, rom bevri iseTi ram miTqvams, rac mas sruliad ar moswonebia. `warmodgena ar gaqvT, ra xdeba xelmZRvanel jgufSi. unda gvacaloT. Cven ufro gviWirs, vidre – Tqven. Cven 91

Cveni mekavSireebi gvyavs. germaniis sakiTxi rTulia~. es arbatovisgan ukve msmenoda. kacma rom Tqvas, Cveni pozicia sabWoTa politikis axlebur orientacias moiTxovda. moskovi amisTvis ufro naklebad iyo mzad, vidre megona. Tavdapirveli varaudi, rom or kviraSi gavarkvevdiT Cveni koncefciis vargisianobas, sruliad ararealuri aRmoCnda. ramden xans gastanda am uzarmazari tankeris – sabWoTa kavSiris Semobruneba, drois aranair prognozs ar eqvemdebareboda. slavas da leos vumadlodi, rom Cavwvdi, sabWoTa sistema sulac ar iyo daxuruli, igi Caketili iyo. dasavleTSi sazogadoebrivi azri, rogorc wesi, amzadebda gadawyvetilebebs, romelTac, gacxadebisas, moulodnelobis efeqti TiTqmis aRar gaaCndaT. amgvari procesi Senelebuli gveCveneboda. moskovSi ki kidev ufro gaWianurebuli aRmoCnda. iqac arsebobda pluralizmi: gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi da interesebi politikis, samxedroebis, saidumlo samsaxurebis, aparatebisa, administraciasa da moqalaqeebs Soris. ar muSaobda brZanebisa da morCilebis principi. mxolod Canda ase, radgan gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sida procesi saidumlod rCeboda da mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi ZiriTadad, SabaT-kviras cxaddeboda xolme. upiratesoba – moulodnelobis efeqti; nakli – SiSisa da ganuWvretelobis gaRviveba. sabWoTa mentalobis reliqtebs dResac vawydebiT. slavam da leom TavianT sistemaSi Cagvaxedes. Sida procesebs vcnobdiT, nawilobriv vafasebdiT kidec da gavlenis saSualebac ki gagvandes. isini iqceodnen rogorc patriotebi, romelTac swamdaT, rom amerika, rogorc sabWoTa sagareo politikis erTaderTi orientiri, sakmarisi ar iyo; rom evropa da germania aucilebeli 92

faqtorebi gaxdebodnen. momavali aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi maT arasdros mouwodebiaT CvenTvis yalbi informacia. xdeboda, rom raRac ar icodnen an Tqmis ufleba ar hqondaT, magram maT sityvas wyali ar gauvidoda. ase ganmtkicda ndoba, romelic brandtidan Smidtze gadavida da Semdeg kolze. leningradis ermitaJis gamaognebeli STabeWdilebebi ver gaanelebda omSi Tu SimSiliT daxocilTa, sneulTa da gayinulTa bedze wuxils. dauviwyaria milioni adamianis sasaflao... maT verc smolnis uzarmazari Senoba da verc sxva revolucionerTa dabadebis qalaqebi Seedreboda. oci milioni msxverpli sabWoTa xelmZRvanelobisTvis, germanelebTan axali politikis sarwmuno damajerebl dasabuTebas saWiroebda. valentin falinma mTeli ojaxi leningradis blokadisas dakarga da Cveni istoria da ena Seiswavla, rom mimxvdariyo, rogor SeeZlo aseTi kulturis ers usastikesi barbarosoba. igi Cemi partniori gaxda, romelTanac ufro xangrZlivad da xSirad vsaubrobdi xolme, vidre gromikosTan. 93

SeveguoT an gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi gromiko Tavidanve ise mkafiod gamoxatavda saTqmels, ukeTess ver inatrebdi.`sanam sazRvrebze ar SevTanxmebulvarT, araferzec ar SevTanxmebulvarT~. SeTanxmebaSi igi Tavis mokavSireTa sazRvrebsac gulisxmobda. bevr evropul mezobel qveyanas eSinoda, rom maTi gverdis avliT Sedgeboda germaniasa da ruseTs Soris molaparakebebi, magram sxvanairad warmoudgeneli iyo, mxolod moskovs SeeZlo gadawyvetilebis miReba da mzad iyo saubrisTvis. me araferi mqonda sawinaaRmdego, Tundac imitom, rom amgvari saubrisTvis gankuTvnili dro mokldeboda, Tanac, aRmosavleTis blokis yvelas mier aRiarebuli winamZRolis Zalauflebas Cveni politikis sasikeTod CavrTavdiT da pasuxismgeblobasac davakisrebdiT. `sazRvrebis~ ZiriTadi kompleqsis gaTvaliswinebiT ganixileboda moskovTan yoveli molaparakebis Sedegebi. me da falini pirispir Sexvedrebisas saaTobiT, dReebis da kvirebis ganmavlobaSi vaTanxmebdiT sityvebs. kerZod, sabWoTa kavSiris interesi, rom Seucvleli da daculi unda yofiliyo sazRvrebi, eWvs ar iwvevda. magram swored xelSeuvali status kvo gaxldaT CvenTvis miuRebeli. ZiriTadi kanonisa da Cveni rwmenis Tanaxmad, germanias 94

gaerTianebis Sansi ar unda dahkargvoda da saxelmwifoeb­ rivi TviTgamorkvevis, maSasadame, germaniis sakiTxi Riad unda dagvetovebina. amgvarad, molaparakebebis pirvelive wris mimdinareobisas gaCnda idea momzadebuliyo werili, romelzec zanesTan erTad vimuSave da romelic sabWoTa mxares daubrkoleblad unda mieRo, radgan yvela germanelis mSvidobiani TviTgamorkveva Cvens xelSekrulebas ar ewinaaRmdegeboda. rogorc iqna, mivageniT saWiro sityvas –`Seulaxavi~, igi urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze cvlilebas eqvemdebareboda, miTumetes, rom mere mas daemata`werili germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb~. termini`Seulaxavi~ xuTi wlis Semdeg euTk-s helsinkis saboloo aqtis miRebamde SenarCunda. igi yvelam aRiara. natos qveynebma(aSS-mac), varSavis xelSekrulebis qveynebma da neitralurma saxelmwifoebmac. amgvarad germaniis Temaze kamaTi damTavrda. veravin warmoidgenda or germanul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvris urTierT SeTanxmebul, mSvidobian gauqmebas. mxolod federaluri mTavroba ganixilavda helsinkis, rogorc process, romelic germaniis gaerTianebiT unda dasrulebuliyo. meore kompleqsi Cveni kompetenciis sazRvrebs ukavSirdeboda. arcerTi germanuli saxelmwifo ar iyo suverenuli. germaniis, rogorc mTlianis gankargvis xelSeuvali ufleba oTx gamarjvebul Zalas epyra. Cemi safuZvliani argumenti, sabWoTa kavSiris interesSi ver iqneboda sakuTari Zalauflebis ulbrixtisTvis gadacema, miTumetes, gdr-Tan dadebuli calke samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT, gromikom miiRo, Tumca araferi uTqvams. amgvarad, sabWoTa kavSirsa da gdr-s Soris samSvidobo xelSekruleba, romelic 1958 wels xruSCovis mier wayene95

buli ultimatumis Semdeg dRis wesrigidan ar moxsnila, axla dasamarda. berlinis saqme ufro rTulad rCeboda. iq bons saerTod ar gaaCnda kompetencia, magram, samagierod, sasicocxlo interesebi hqonda. berlinis Sesaxeb saubari msurda, magram raimeze SeTanxmeba – ara. rodesac gromiko amas mimixvda, pozicia Secvala, mxolod dasavleTis ZalebTan moindoma berlinze laparaki da damayena amocanis winaSe, uzrunvelmeyo federaciuli respublikis gavlena berlinis Sesaxeb molaparakebebze, romlis magidasTanac jdomis ufleba ar hqonda. araformalur doneze Segvatyobines, rom gdr-is premier-ministri vili Stofi federalur kanclers moskovis gverdis avliT Sexvedras sTavazobda. ambavi, rom brandti am Sexvedras amzadebda, moskovSi Cemgan ufro male gaiges, vidre aRmosavleT berlinisgan. me iq davrCi, radgan moskovis mimarT gulwrfelobis dadastureba ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre erfurtis SexvedraSi monawileoba. moskovma daxuruli satelefono xazis meSveobiT bonidan ufro swrafad, koreqtulad da dawvrilebiT miiRo informacia erfurtSi gdr-isTvis arasasiamovno movlenebis Sesaxeb, rogoric iyo xalxis mier barierebis garRveva Sexvedris mimdinareobisas, vidre aRmosavleT berlinidan. yuradRebidan ar gamohparviaT, rom brandti cdilobda erfurtis sastumros fanjridan daeSoSminebina xalxi, romelic`vilis~ gahyviroda. leom aRniSna: `rac ginda Tqvi gdr-ze, raimes Caketva Tu gadawyvites, akeTeben kidec~. germaniis orive mTavrobis meTauris pirveli Sexvedra mediisTvis siaxle iyo. magram erfurtis kadrebi Tavad laparakobdnen, rac aRmosavleTSic da dasavleTSic, be96

vris gasakvirad, moulodnelei aRmoCnda: germanelebi Tu miuSvi, gaerTianebas moindomebeno. erfurtSi Zireuli veraferi gadawydeboda, sanam moskovSi ar mivaRwevdiT rames. iq ki Cveni muSaobis Sedegi aT punqtad CamovayalibeT. mravlobiT formas vxmarob, radgan es erToblivi namuSevari gaxldaT. avtorebi – gromiko, falini da me viyaviT. xolo mogvianebiT`baris dokumenti~ rom daerqva, mcdari da arasamarTliani gaxldaT. radgan falins fasdaudebeli wvlili miuZRvoda martivi da daxvewili stilis gamo. sanam dokuments Cvens mTavrobebs warvudgendiT da molaparakebebis dawyebas vurCevdiT, gromikom damtanja. miuxedavad imisa, rom teqsti ukve SeTanxmebuli gvqonda, magrZnobina, germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb werils daveTanxmebi, Tuki sazRvris Sesaxeb formulirebas –`Seulaxavi~ – ufro mZafri sityviT SecvliTo. vfiqrob, zedmeti mouvida. pirad werilSi davusabuTe, rom teqsti ase unda darCeniliyo, radgan Seesabameboda Cveni mTavrobebis miznebsa da interesebs.`me ver da ar Sevicvli pozicias Cemi mTavrobis winaSe, gansakuTrebiT im gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac miviRe xangrZlivi diskusiebis ganmavlobaSi~. werili rom gavagzavne, mxolod mere Sevatyobine Seels Cemi solo-gamosvlis Sesaxeb. meore dRes falini momadga da mkiTxa, Seni werili federaluri mTavrobis azrsac Tu gamoxatavso. kakal-gulSi gaartya. me movityue,`diax!~. cota xnis Semdeg gromiko SemogvierTda: bolo sxdomis win dro ar mqonda, Tqveni da falinis SemuSavebul teqsts gavcnobodio. amasobaSi wavikiTxe da veTanxmebio. ar SevimCnie, rogor momeSva gulze da vuTxari, bonSi pozitiur moxsenebas gavagzavni-meTqi. saelCoSi alardtma SampanuriT momiloca. mere 97

ki sagareo saqmeTa ministris depeSamac ar daaxana: gromikosadmi miweril werilze dasturs maZlevda da Cems pozicias iwonebda. ase aRmoifxvra tyuili. arasodes davuviwyeb Seels am depeSas. bonSi mokavSireebi warmatebul garRvevas gvilocavdnen. aTi punqti yvelas mivawodeT. magram jer Tavi qudSi ar gvqonda; sanam es punqtebi mxolod qaRaldze ewera, moskovs arafers avaldebulebda. varSavaSi dukvitcis xelmZRvanelobiT molaparakebebi duned miedineboda. axla alerdtic ki gvaCqarebda:`manam dahkar, sanam rkina cxelia~. Seels ukve dajavSnili hqonda moskovis bileTi, roca konstituciis ministrma, genSerma daadgina, dokuments gadamowmeba sWirdebao. brandti brdRvinavda, rom konstituciis sakiTxebs misi kompetencia ar swvdeboda da ukmexad Cailaparaka:`ser valterma Tavis partiul megobarTan gaarkvioso~. uxerxuli iyo, rom boni SeTavazebul da moskovisgan dadasturebul Sexvedras auqmebda. Seelma Tavisi ver gaitana da arc iman uSvela, kabinetis sxdomaze federalurma kanclerma rom ganmarta, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moskovSi gamgzavreba Cemi nebarTviT xdebao. genSers undoda qula Caewera da brandts vuTxari, SeiZleba moaxerxos kidec-meTqi. ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi aTi punqti sityva-sityviT gamoaqveyna Jurnalma`qviqma~. dRemde ucnobia, vin miawoda maT es dokumenti. amiT mdgomareoba Seicvala. ivlisis bolos Seeli moskovSi rom Cavida, gromikom ganucxada: radgan aTi punqti, miuxedavad Cveni SeTanxmebisa, sajaro gaxda, teqstze sabWoTa kavSiri veRar moilaparakebso. ori kviris ganmavlobaSi or sagareo saqmeTa ministrs Soris molaparakebebi CixSi Sevida. 98

moulodnelad leo gamoCnda. Seelma myisve Tqva:`yvelaferi kargad iqneba~. falinTan da slavasTan moTaTbi­ rebis Semdeg yinuli davZariT. meore da mesame muxlebi gadavabiT da davakavSireT`sazRvris pativiscema~ da`Zalis argamoyeneba~. brandts piradi weriliT Sevatyobine, rom`politbiuro wina Rames teqsts daeTanxma~. aRar maxsovs, erTad seirnobisas romelma moifiqra es formulireba, gromikom Tu Seelma. asea Tu ise, sagareo saq­ meTa orive ministrma moiwona. sami gamarjvebuli Zala cdilobda Cveni meSveobiT mieRwia imisTvis, rac Tavad ver SeZles da piriqiT, saqme gaarTules, magram Seelma mtkiced gadawyvita, rom ver SegvaCerebdnen da parafireba SeaTanxma. wina saRamos sane da me leom dagvpatiJa Tavis oroTaxian binaSi, misi meuRle lidia blinebiT gagvimaspinZlda. leom gviTxra:`namdvilad ar vici, SeZlebT Tu ara rodesme gaerTianebas, magram Tu es unda moxdes, icodeT, xval dgamT am gzaze pirvel nabijso~. * federaluri kancleris pirveli viziti vaSingtonSi Tavbrudamxvevad warmatebuli iyo. vertmfreniT gamgzavreba kemp devidSi, CIA -s Sefis moxseneba kosmosidan fotos gadaRebis SesaZleblobaze – leninis mavzoleumis win rigSi`pravdas~ saTauri ikiTxeboda. feodalebiviT migviRes`blear hausSi~, prezidentis oficialuri stumrebis rezidenciaSi. rogorc iqna, marto davrCiT, brandtma niqsonze qiliki daiwyo, ra usimpaTio kaciao. gavafrTxile: ar gvismendnen-meTqi. damamSvida: moskovSi ki ar varTo. 99

saRamos, TeTr saxlSi didi miRebis dros, Tavs megobrebis wreSi vgrZnobdiT, ara imitom, rom niqsoni brandtis kisinjers meZaxda, aramed imitom, rom arc ki miuniSnebiaT, Tqvens aRmosavleTis politikas gavakritikebT an SevaferxebTo. warmatebis mauwyebeli iyo aseTi guliTadi urTierT­gageba. karga mogvianebiT Sevityve kisinjerisgan: rasakvirvelia, gvismendnen. niqsons uTqvams, brandti ar mesimpaTiureba, Tanac loTiao. kidev uaresi: henric dasTanxmebia! mere mTxova, nu gewyinebao da gamomityda, bevr rameze mivdiodi, niqsonze, am rTul kacze gavlena rom mqonodao. me msgavsi araferi gamomicdia. * federaluri kancleris dasaxvedrad kosigini da gromiko movidnen aeroportSi. moskovSi erovnuli himnis mosmenisas tanSi Jruantelma damiara. kremlisken gamgzavrebam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. moZraoba gaeCerebinaT. SuqniSnebi mwvaneze CaerToT, rom svla ar Seferxebuliyo. megobarma xeli Camavlo da didxans magrad miWerda, vidre fiqrebs CaRrmaveboda, TiTqos uintereso mzera gare samyarosken miepyro. kremlis protokolma darbazis orive mxares kari erTdroulad gaaRo, rom brandti da breJnevi erTdroulad Sesuliyvnen da erTaneTs misalmebodnen. gromikom breJnevTan warmadgina, igi uyurebda, rogor awerdnen xels mTavrobis meTaurebi da maTi sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi xelSekrulebas. 100

generalur mdivansa da kanclers Soris pirispir saubari oTx saaTs gagrZelda. sinamdvileSi, es iyo oTxi grZeli monologi, erTaderTi Sedegi – orive mixvda, rom meti dro sWirdebodaT da erTmaneTiT dainteresdnen. komunisturi partiis Tavmjdomarem gaugo brandts, rom berlinis organizacias ver gardaqmnida damoukidebel partiad. amiT amoiwura sabWoTa politikis idea`dasavleT berlinis damoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis~ Sesaxeb. sabolood oriveni SeTanxmdnen, rom yovelwliurad Sexvdebodnen da gadawyvites sando`arxi~ SeeqmnaT, vaSingtonTan arsebuli`saidumlo arxis~ msgavsad. momces telefonis nomeri da SemeZlo leo bonSi gamomeZaxa. Seelma da genSerma usityvod misces erTwliani viza. slavas mxolod dasavleT berlinamde SeeZlo Camosvla, dasavleT berlinSi uvizo mimosvla iyo mTeli msofliosTvis. ara mxolod berlinis sakiTxis Semdgomi mogvarebisas, saerTod, orive maTgani Seucvleli aRmoCnda. breJnevisTvis brandti iyo pirveli dasavleli saxel­ mwifo lideri, romelsac igi Sexvda. WkuaSi daujda sando informaciis miReba sagareo saqmeTa ministris gverdis avliT. maT Soris`qimia~ aSkarad muSaobda. orives uyvarda Rvino, qalebi da simRera. xolo eqimis rCevas, Tavs moufrTxildiTo, orivem SeTanxmebulebiviT upasuxa, simReras SeveSvebiTo. wlebis ganmavlobaSi orive arxma – rogorc vaSingtonis, aseve moskovisam, instituciuri xasiaTi SeiZina. mxolod umaRles doneze ki ar icvleboda werilebi, aramed TanamSromlebis donezec. vaSingtonidanac da moskovidanac gvafrTxilebdnen teroristul aqtebze, am arxebis saSualebiT viTxovdi pasuxs israelis araformalur SekiTxvaze moskovTan diplomatiuri urTierTobebis 101

damyarebis Taobaze, Tumca, es ufleba breJnevis kompetenciaSi sulac ar Sedioda. brandti iseTi simpaTiiT ganimsWvala breJnevis mimarT, niqsonisadmi msgavsi grZnoba ar gasCenia. breJnevsac rom ar hqonoda brandtis mimarT igive damokidebuleba, ulbrixts da Semdeg honekers ar gaacurebda. sabWoTa meTauri iseT informaciebs iRebda, misi vercerTi samsaxuri ver miawvdida. orive dedaqalaqi darwmunebuli iyo, rom icodnen, ras fiqrobda boni. brandtis pirovnuli ndobis wyalobiT orive arxi gugunebda. vaSingtonTan iseTi intensivobis urTierToba Camoyalibda, rogoric momavalSi aRar ganmeorebula. moskovTan urTierTobac sasiamovno iyo, sanam brandti da breJnevi agebdnen amaze pasuxs. amis winapiroba: arxebidan informacias ar unda gaeJona. asec moxda. brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg helmut Smidts kremlTan arsebuli arxis da misi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb Sevatyobine, man ki mTxova, pasuxismgebloba Cems Tavze ameRo da Semdeg berlinSi federaluri rwmunebulis rangSi gamegrZelebina. misi gadadgomis Semdeg, arc misTvis mikiTxavs da arc brandtisTvis, saqmis kursSi Cavayene helmut koli, romelmac erTi Rame ifiqra, mere damireka da mwvane Suqi aminTo saqmis gasagrZeleblad:`ra iciT, ra xdeba. detalebze telCiks daelaparakeT~. moskovel partniorTan erTad gadaveciT arxi yvela formalobis dacviT. sanam koaliciis axali partniorebi, erTi sarTuliT qveviT, sagareo politikaze saubars daiwyebdnen, kolma ukve miaWeda erTi lursmani, rogorc RimiliT aRniSna kancleris aparatis axalma ufrosma horst telCikma. vilis gavagebine: Cveni aRmosavleTis politika saimedo xelSi rom aRmoCnda. 102

maS, imoqmede moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdeg saqmis gagrZelebas veswrafvodiT. upirvelesad, dRis wesrigSi idga xelSekruleba poloneTTan, aseve, berlinis sakiTxis mogvareba oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier. bonSi rom davbrundiT, CIA -s Cvenze`pasuxismgebelma~ moxelem momakiTxa(yvela partiaze iyo mimagrebuli`msgavsi~ moxele).`vaSingtonSi Cvenebs ainteresebT, raze unda vilaparakoT berlinSi. Cveni pozicia xom mtkice ver iqneba~, miTxra man. davamSvide da davarwmune, zustad vici, saqmis viTareba da male Segatyobineb-meTqi. saswrafod unda davlaparakebodi brandts. Sin davpatiJe. mis sayvarel kerZs, kartofilis namcxvars ver SevTavazebdi, sufris xSirad ganaxleba dagvWirdeboda. amitom bardis wvniani movumzadeT. glexuri saWmelebi uyvarda, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia, moskovSi kovzebiT egemna xizilala. aq erTi sagulisxmo ganmartebaa aucilebeli: 1991 wlamde yvela warmodgena aRmosavleTis politikis sferoSi, yvela gegma da idea emyareboda varauds, rom sabWoTa kavSiri da varSavis xelSekruleba mudam iarsebebda. 1991 wlis movlenebi, romelmac msoflio SeZra da varSavis xelSekrulebis dasasruli gamoiwvia, dasavleTs ar ganuWvretia. molodinebi da imedebi mimarTuli iyo 103

garkveulwilad, sistemis liberalizaciaze, mSvidobian Tanaarsebobaze da konstruqtiul TanamSromlobaze; amasTan, arsebuli ideologiuri gansxvavebebi, mSvidobis erToblivi miznis misaRwevad, unda damorCileboda kamaTis garkveul kulturas. arc brandts da arc me ar SegveZlo ganmuxtvis politikis gavlenis winaswarmetyveleba an dagegmva. Cveulebrivad vsaubrobdiT.`vaSingtonsa da moskovSi Cvens megobrebTan SedarebiT~, rogorc brandtma aRniSna, yvela monawiles vuswrebdiT, radgan vicodiT berlinis saWiroebebi da misi moqalaqeebis fsiqologia. amitom ar gagvWirvebia molaparakebebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebze SeTanxmeba. vfiqrobdiT, rom, praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, frTxilad unda CagveWida xeli oTxive gamarjvebuli ZalisTvis da win gavZRolodiT. vilim mirCia, gonivrulad da TavSekavebulad moiqecio. Cvenma saubarma manamde ararsebuli da arc arasdros gancdili sivrce da siRrme SeiZina. Cveni gayofili msoflios, maT Soris, sakuTari gaxleCili qveynis yurebisas, Znelad Tu uaryofdi, rom mTeli es ubedureba germaniam gamoiwvia. marqsma da engelsma msoflio gavlena moipoves, ideologiurad da politikurad, omis CaTvliT, romelic saocari politikuri samarTlianobis wylobiT isev germanias Semoubrunda. albaT ucnauri ar unda iyos, rom am gayofili samyaros SuagulSi ufro mowadinebuli xdebi, ipovo gaxleCis Semsubuqebis da daZlevis gzebi. ganmuxtvis politika SeiZleboda gamxdariyo aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris saxifaTo dapirispirebis gadalaxvis saSualeba. Tavisi mniSvnelobiT es gautoldeboda`komunizmis e. w. sneulebis~ Semsubuqebas. TiTqmis germanelebis isto104

riul pasuxismgeblobad SeiZleboda miCneuliyo es saq­ me. brandtma moiTxova, am sakiTxze arasdros ilaparakoo.`yalTabandebad mogvnaTlaven~. sityvebis kombinacia `germaneli~ da`winamZRoloba~ Zalian saSiSiao. meore mxriv, damamSvida, arc ki viciT, gamogviva Tu ara berlinis sakiTxis mogvarebao. brandti maSinac myarad idga miwaze, roca Soreul horizonts gascqeroda. albaT, erTaderTxel aRmoCndeba germania aseT gadamwyvet mdgomareobaSi, verc ki warmomidgenia qveynisTvis aseTi mniSvnelobis pozicia kidev ganmeordeso. xolo `xelis CaWidebis~ gamo gamafrTxila, zedmeti ar mogivideso da maSinve mwvane Suqi aminTo:`midi, gaakeTe!~. 105

upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi swored moskovSi miRebuli kargi gamocdilebis gamo gamando brandtma:`mZime mogzauroba gvelis~. poloneTs, hitleris pirvel msxverpls, gaxleCils, dasavleTisken CaCoCebuls, amputirebuls, damarcxebuls gamarjvebulTa Soris, Tavi isev Seuracxyofilad ar unda egrZno. man firma`krupis~ Sefs, berthold baitcs sTxova poloneTis premier-ministr iozef CirankieviCisTvis gadaeca werili. baitcs, romelmac omis dros poloneli ebraelebi gadaarCina, varSavaSi did pativs scemdnen da albaT erTaderTi`fostalioni~ iyo, visac gzavnili sakuTari TviTmfrinaviT SeeZlo Caetana. brandtma es werili jer kidev 1969 wlis dekemberSi dawera, manamde didi xniT adre, sanam ecodineboda, rodis mouwevda moskovSi Casvla, werilSi moTminebiT gagebas iTxovda: nu damaCqarebT, aucilebeli ar aris, moskovSi unda daviwyoT jer da Semdeg erToblivad ganvixilavT yvela politikur sakiTxso. brandtis keTilganwyobas poloneTis mimarT winaistoria uZRoda. 1968 wlis dasawyisSi hansiakob Stelem, romelic maSin`caitis~ korespondenti iyo venaSi, poloneTis saelCos mrCevelTan Sesaxvedrad dampatiJa. Jerzi rackovskis, romelsac berlinidan vicnobdi,`misi mTavrobis davalebis gareSe~ surda Semxvedroda. brandtma neba 106

momca, am Sexvedraze ganmuxtvis politikis Cveni mTeli koncefcia ganmemarta. amgvarad, poloneTi iyo pirveli qveyana, romelmac Cveni gegmebis Sesaxeb gaigo. Cemi Sexvedris Canaweris gacnobidan or dReSi, brandtma, maSin jer kidev sagareo saqmeTa ministris rangSi, rain-ruris klubSi`saqmiani saubris axal sawyisze~ ilaparaka. es miniSneba misi poloneli kolegis, adam rapaCkis misamarTiT iyo nagulisxmevi. am ukanasknelma waradgina centralur evropaSi atomuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis Seqmnis saintereso gegma. 1968 wlis martSi niurnbergis yrilobaze brandtma pirvelad axsena`samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT daregulirebamde oderisa da naises xazis aRiarebis an pativiscemis~ perspeqtiva. im formis, garkveulwilad, saxelmwifoebrivi dadastureba, romelic venaSi Cemi da rackovskis Sexvedraze gamoikveTa da gamoxmaurebis gareSe darCa. rodesac varSava gaisusa da qveynis SigniT brandts problemebi Seeqmna, daaskvna:`an ar undaT, an ar SeuZliaT, an ufleba ar aqvT~. mxolod erTi wlis Tavze ganacxada uceb partiis Tavmjdomarem, vladislav gomulkam, brandtis mier niurnbergis yrilobaze Camoyalibebuli formula saubrisken gadadgmuli nabijiao. ratom daigviana ase reaqciam? es gamocana Stelem amoxsna. 1969 wlis dasawyisSi boloniaSi italiis komunisturi partiis yrilobaze gomulkas uSualo TanamSromels, zenon kliCkos Sexvedroda. mas sinanuliT aRuniSnavs, gomulkas gamoxmaurebas brandtis gamosvlaze bonidan reaqcia ar mohyoliao. venaSi poloneli diplomatis Canaweri pirdapir saqmeSi moxvedrila. kliCkos mouZebnia da gomulkasTvis gadaucia. 1970 wlis 7 dekembers StelesTan xeli-xel gayrili mivuaxlovdi germaneli Jurnalistebis jgufs da gavigone kliCkos 107

sityvebi:`Steles maSin, boloniaSi rom ar exsenebina Tqveni saubari – vin icis, dRes aq, varSavaSi visxdebodiT Tu ara erTad~. civi omis dros xandaxan groteskuli SemTxveviTobebi wyvetda, miaRwevda Tu ara meore mxaremde saubris mzaobis ambavi swor dros. 1970 wlis 6 dekembers CirankiviCi kanclers protokolis Sesabamisad daxvda varSavis aeroportSi. mogvianebiT bodiSi moixada Tavisi uxeiro germanulis gamo: habsburgis imperiis qveSevrdomad davibadeo. Cumad esaubreboda brandts did socialistur ojaxze. am polonelebs grZnobebis koriantelis dayeneba sCveodaT. xelSekrulebaze momlaparakebeli delegaciis xelmZRvanelma polonelebis mxridan, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem, Jozef vinieviCma Tavisi uzado germanuli ase axsna: – me rom davibade, poloneTis saxelmwifo ar arsebobda; germanuli ena germanul skolaSi viswavle da arc londonSi gadasaxlebisas damviwyebia da arc vaSingtonSi, saelCoSi muSaobisaso. me mas Cemi Slezieli naTesavebis Sesaxeb vuambe, Cemi bebiis aRmosavleT prusiul mogonebebze, vestfaliisken pirutyvebis gadasayvani vagoniT mgzavrobas rom gauZlo; igi omSi daRupul Tavisi ojaxis wevreb­ ze momiyva. rodesac gdr-is momlaparakebel mixail kolTan rTul saubrebze vuambobdi, mokled momiWra: gdr-s arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi tanjavso. boni frangebisTvisac ki uzomod didia, miTumetes uSualo aRmosavleli mezoblebisTviso. meti didsulovneba gvmarTebs da adenauers Zegli unda avugoT, rom germaniis gayofis garantia mogvcao.`gamotydiT, xom ase jobs yvelasTviso~. misi gazviadebuli Sexedulebis mimarT, protestis nacvlad, TanagrnobiT ganvimsWvale: moskovis xelmZRva108

nelobis Zalauflebis realoba Cven sasikeTod gamoviyeneT, varSava mas unda damorCileboda. brandtis satelevizio gamosvla, romelsac varSavidan germaniaSi gadascemdnen, TiTqmis imave wonis iyo, rogorc xelSekrulebis xelmowera, romliTac oderisa da naises sazRvars adgenda da teritoriaze pretenzias ar acxadebda. sityvis srulyofaSi gdanskeli giunter grasi da aRmosavleT prusieli zigfrid lenci daexmarnen. kanclerma icoda: aravin daanebebda germanias gaerTianebas, Tuki am teritoriebze ganacxadebda pretenzias. es oci wlis Semdeg,`ori plus oTxis~ molaparakebebis drosac dadasturda. magram ltolvilebisTvis imedis dakargvas ver Seamsubuqebda is ambavi, rom es danakargi didi xnis naloliaveb iluziebs ewireboda. xolo brandtisTvis Sida politikuri riski ar Seumcirebia imas, rom poloneTma realobis dadastureba mogvianobiT mainc miiRo. brandti daCoqili me ar minaxavs. baitci da me manqanaSi vsaubrobdiT Cvens STabeWdilebebze da Semdeg getos memorialisken mivseirnobdiT, Cven win Jurnalistebs aRemarTaT cocxali kedeli, uceb samarisebuli siCume Camovarda. ra xdeba-Tqo, vikiTxeT, pasuxad erTma CaiCurCula:`daiCoqa~. saRamos, Cems megobarTan marto rom davrCi, gavbede da vTqvi:`magari iyo~. brandtma mipasuxa: `vigrZeni, rom marto Tavis daxra ar kmaroda~. kacma, romelsac pirovnulad aranairi brali ar miuZRoda, Tavisi xalxis istoriuli danaSauli aRiara. meti saTqmeli aRaraferi iyo. kliCkos mimamagres, man Zveli qalaqi damaTvalierebina, Tanamedrove mxatvrobis gamofena, aseTs verc moskovSi naxavdi da verc berlinSi, da Semdeg restoranSi dampatiJa, sadac Tbilad gvimaspinZles. arc aravin gvaxlda 109

da arc aravin gviTvalTvalebda, stumrebs SeverieT. `warmogidgeniaT qalaqSi ase xetiali suslovTan an aqsenTan erTad?~ marTalia, moskovis da aRmosavleT berlinis mTavar ideologebs ar vicnobdi, magram mainc ver warmomedgina. evropis usafrTxoebis xedvis Sesaxeb mSvidad unda gvesaubra. amitom saSobaod mazuriaSi dampatiJa. molaparakebebis magidasTan brandtma ganmarta Tavisi ganzraxva, poloneTTan urTierTobisTvis iseTive wona mieniWebina, rogoric iyo safrangeTTan. mis naTqvams gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia. arc mis winadadebas mohyolia pasuxi germanul-polonuri axalgazrduli organizaciis Camoyalibebaze. ocdaoTxi wlis Semdeg, rixard fon vaiczekeri Cavida Tavisi bolo saxelmwifo vizitiT varSavaSi. sanam is prezident lex valezas esaubreboda, premier-ministrma TadeuS mazovickim federaluri kancleri koli Seaqo oderisa da naises xazis saxelmwifo xelSekrulebis istoriuli aqtisTvis. gamikvirda, radgan koli aiZules es xelSekruleba daedo da erTi milimetriTac ar Seucvlia sazRvari. Semdeg mazovickim kols xotba Seasxa, poloneTTan urTierToba safrangeTis doneze aiyvane da polonur-germanuli axalgazrduli organizacia Seqmenio. vili brandtis saxeli arc uxsenebiaT. Tavi ver Sevikave da sajarod gamovxate gancvifreba. mazovickim bodiSi moixada sityvebiT, brandtis daCoqeba dauviwyariao. aman imedgacrueba gamiormaga. ojaxis gamTlianebis Tema groteskad iqca.`savaraudod 40 000 ~ kacis qveynidan gaSvebas Segvpirda poloneTi. sami wlis Semdeg kidev 120 aTasis nebarTvas vcdilobdi. poloneTi erT miliard germanul markas iTxovda, magram es Tanxa qveynidan gasvlasTan kavSirSi ar unda yofiliyo. rodesac zanem da me molaparakebebisas 560 milio110

namde SevamcireT, brandtma damavala, finansTa ministrs daelaparakeo. Smidtma uxeSad momiSora Tavidan. merideboda poloneTisTvis amis Setyobineba. SeTavazebas dumiliT upasuxes, Tanxa ecotavaT. Smidts kanclerobisas maTTvis erTi miliard germanul markaze metis gamoyofa mouwia – pirdapiri kavSiris gareSe – 100 aTasi adamianis mosapoveblad. sabolood, poloneTis elCma gaikvirva, mas mere rac helmut koli gaxda kancleri:`adre fuls imaSi gvixdidiT, rom xalxi wasuliyo, axla imaSi gvaZlevT, rom piriqiT, darCnen~. es gaxlavT evropaSi Tavisufali gadaadgilebis germaniis moTxovnis istoriis mokle versia. SexvedrebiT daxunZluli ori dRis Semdeg CirankieviCma aeroportSi xelkaviT gamixmo da imedianad miTxra: – Cveni evropuli saubari unda gavagrZeloT! manac dampatiJa saSobaod mazuriaSi. Tumca, dRemde ar var iq namyofi, radgan ori kviris Tavze gumulka da misi gundi Seicvala. fasebis mkveTr zrdas meti gavlena hqonda, vidre oderisa da naises xazs. ukana gzaze Cemi megobari imedgacruebuli, melanqoliuri, ukmayofilo Canda: mets velodio... 111

berlinis xelSekruleba – xelovnebis nimuSi is-is iyo, bonSi davbrundiT, rom brandtma brZana: – axla berlins unda mixedo. garda amisa, gdr-Tan molaparakebebis warsamarTad moemzade! gansakuTrebulad xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi aRmovCndi – kancleris aparatis mandatis garda federaluri rwmunebulic viyavi berlinSi. brandtma gaamyara Cemi pozicia – egon franke mozomilad daarwmuna, rom misi saministro, romelsac saerTo germanuli erqva da germaniis Sida saqmeTa saministro ewoda, aRmosavleT berlinSi isev provokaciad aRiqmeboda. frankes uwyebas delegaciis xelmZRvanelis moadgilis Tanamdeboba ergo. Sinagan saqmeTa, iusticiisa da transportis, agreTve sagareo uwyebis warmomadgenlebi aZlierebdnen delegacias. kanclerma daazusta,`Rrmad pativcemuli kolega bari~ oficialuri rwmunebebiT aRWurva:`Tqven, rogorc sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrs gandobT gdrTan urTierTobebis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis damuSavebas da federaluri mTavrobis rwmunebulis rangSi berlinSi moRvaweobas. am sferoSi kabinetisaTvis winadadebebis wardgenas gTxovT Sesabamis uwyebebTan koordinaciaSi... megobruli salmiT, Tqveni vili brandti~. 112

moskovis molaparakebebze gamarjvebuli Zalebis gavlenis areali berlinis sakiTxSi gamoikveTa. Cven delikaturi amocanis winaSe davdeqiT, gagvefanta STabeWdileba, rom wamyvan rols veswrafvodiT, Tumca, Cveni mxridan, faruli winamZRoloba aucileblobad migvaCnda, radgan amerikelebi, sabWoelebi, britanelebi da frangebi ar Cqarobdnen berlinis SeTanxmebisTvis mieRwiaT. 1970 wlis gazafxulidan moyolebuli ikribebodnen maTi elCebi TveSi erTxel berlinis klaistis parkSi mdebare kontrolis sabWos SenobaSi da erTmaneTs oTxi Zalis statusis Sesaxeb TavianT gansxvavebul poziciebs uziarebdnen. es SeiZleboda wlobiT gagrZelebuliyo. magram mdgomareoba Seicvala. mas Semdeg, rac moskovis xelSekrulebis ratificirebis winapirobad berlinis Sesaxeb damakmayofilebeli regulacia gamovacxadeT, oTxi Zalac dainteresda es winapiroba Seesrulebina. vaSingtons surda brandtisTvis Sepirebuli daxmareba aRmosavleTis politikis sakiTxSi sabWoelebis mxridan berlinis Temaze daTmobis zewolisTvis gadaeba. am viTarebaSi federalurma kanclerma amerikis prezidents SesTavaza, oTxi elCis araregularuli Sexvedrebi`mudmivi konferenciis~ reJimSi gadaeyvana. henrim Sematyobina, prezidenti winadadebas dasTanxmdao; saswrafod unda SevxvedrodiT. mowveva gamogigzavne 1971 wlis 31 ianvars keip kenedize apolo 14 -is startze dasaswrebado. vaSingtonSi vice-prezident spiro agneusTan warmadgines, romelic sakmaod usimpatio momeCvena, mere masTan erTad gavfrindi zafxulis floridaSi, henris xeli davuqnie da daveswari xomaldis gamayruebel starts, miwa zanzarebda. kvlav Sevxvdi henris patara TviTmfrinavis 113

bortze kirk duglasTan erTad. igi zustad iseTi iyo, rogoric maxsovda`spartakiT~ aRfrTovanebuls. henris Svilebs miujda da pirispir laparaki gvacala. Sedegi: henri qveiTi saidumlo samsaxuris warmomadgenels miavlenda frankfurtSi, radgan CIA -s bolomde ar endoboda da ase daamyarebda pirdapir kontaqts saxelmwifo departamentis gverdis avliT elCTan, ken raSTan. sabWoelebTan SesaTanxmeblad qaRaldi mogvTxova. vili Zalian kmayofili darCa. Cems or sabWoTa Tanameinaxes, slavas da leos berlinis regulaciis struqturaze rom moveTaTbire, mivxvdi, rom am saqmisTvis saWiro profesiuli codna akldaT. amitom falini CamoviyvaneT berlinSi. Cveni erToblivi sazrunavi: gdr-ma amis Sesaxeb araferi unda gaigos. ori dRis ganmavlobaSi 18 saaTi vimuSaveT. Semdeg falinma miTxra, moskovi farul molaparakebebs dasTanxmda da vaSingtonma ganacxada, aSS-s kontrolis sabWoSi delegaciisTvis micemul oficialur instruqciebs seriozulad nu SexedavTo. ken raSi pirdapir vaSingtons Caabarebda angariSs, falini – moskovs, me ki – kanclers. es uTqmelad niSnavda Semdegs: parizs da londons saqmis viTarebas mxolod mas Semdeg SevatyobinebdiT, rodesac Cvens Sedegebs kontrolis sabWos warvudgendiT, oRond aRmosavleT berlinisTvis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis warmatebuli molaparakebebis dasrulebis Semdeg. es drois damzogavi konstruqcia pirdapiri arxebis meSveobiT sazrdoobda da mas warmatebis erToblivi survili akavSirebda. manamdec aucilebeli iyo brandtis, niqsonisa da breJnevis mxardaWera. axla ki vili da me ukve Sinaarsze vmsjelobdiT. monawileTagan vercerTs eqneboda zusti war114

modgena molaparakebebis Sedegze. xelSekrulebis birTvi unda gamxdariyo rusebis mier garantirebuli regulacia moqalaqeTa gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. da gzidan unda Camogvecilebina gadamwyveti barieri: oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis amao Zalisxmeva, SeTanxmebuliyvnen mTeli berlinis xalxTaSoris samarTlebriv statusze. nimuSad gamodgeboda sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, romelic Seicavda salvatorul daTqmas, rom uwyebebis, adgilebis da samsaxurebis dasaxelebebis punqtSi SeTanxmeba ver moxerxda. es sakmarisi iyo ZiriTadis – sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobebis mosawesrigeblad. msgavsi konstruqciis misaRebad upirveles yovlisa, amerikelebis Tanxmoba gvWirdeboda. henrim CemTvis bilderbergis konferenciaze mowveva gamoagzavnina, romelic amjerad vudstokSi(vermontis StatSi), pompezur mamulSi imarTeboda. naklebad mainteresebda monawileTa myvirala saxelebi – politikis, samxedro sferos da gansakuTrebiT industriis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic aTasobiT miliard dolars, funtsa da germanul markas ganasaxierebdnen. henris Cemi winadadeba moewona da meore dRes, prezidentTan savaldebulo SeTanxmebis Semdeg,`genialuric~ ki uwoda. Cven fokusSi movaqcevdiT sam dasavlur seqtors, maT damokidebulebas bonTan da daubrkolebel mimosvlas. aravis Sehparvia eWvi, rom oTx gamarjvebul Zalas hqonda am sakiTxebis mogvarebis kompetencia, magram or germanul mTavrobas rom satranzito SeTanxmebisTvis unda mieRwia, romelic oTx gamarjvebul Zalas erTdroulad unda aemoqmedebina, esec cxadi gaxldaT. saRamos henrim vietnamze wamoiwyo saubari. brandtma rom sajarod vnebebi Caacxro, rac sulac ar iyo ioli 115

kambojis xalxTaSorisi samarTlis darRveviT dabombvis fonze, vaSingtons ar gamohparvia. – namdvili saxelmwifo moRvawea! – Tqva. me mxolod Tavi davuqnie, Tanxmobis niSnad. fraza`mTeli berlini~ oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelS­ekrulebaSi ar unda xsenebuliyo da unda Seecvala formulas`Sesabamis nawilSi~. henrim daaskvna:`es iqneba yvelaze giJuri molaparakebebi, rac saerTod msmenia~. gulze momeSva. miuxedavad imisa, rom temps da mimarTulebas Cven vkarnaxobdiT, yvelaze viwro wreSic ki krinti ar dagviZravs germaniis wamyvani rolis Sesaxeb. amerikis elCi ken raSi ufro iolad uyurebda am sakiTxs: `upirveles yovlisa, Tqvens interesebzea saubari. amitom unda gvixelmZRvanelos kanclerma~. marTlac didi Sveba iyo, rom 1971 wlis dasawyisSi falini rainis piras elCad moavlines. Cveni Sexvedrebi monacvleobiT imarTeboda amerikis da sabWoTa kavSiris rezidenciebSi. elCebis kancleris aparatSi mosvla TvalSi mosaxvedri iqneboda. mxolod erTxel SevZeli maTTvis sapasuxo pativiscema federaluri rwmunebulis saxelmwifo vilaSi, dalemSi, piuklerStraseze. CIA -s ar gamohparvia da meore dilas raSi aaforiaqes, federalur rwmunebuls falini stumrobdao. raSma upasuxa – mec iq viyavio, magram rogorc megobarma, gamafrTxila:`egon, frTxilad iyavi, giTvalTvaleben~. Cven gacnobierebuli gvqonda pasuxismgebloba, rom is rTuli teqstebi, romelTac germanulad vwerdi, inglisur enaze unda SegveTanxmebina, arc falinma da arc me inglisuri kargad ar vicodiT. raSmac iseve ar icoda rusuli, rogorc me, Tumca germanulSi iwafeboda kviridan kviramde, magram falinis donisTvis ar miuRwevia. ameri116

kelebi TiTeul germanul sityvas uamrav sinonims uZebnidnen, es gvexmareboda, magram falinma da me vicodiT, rom warsuliT datvirTuli es sityvebi bonisa da moskovisTvis, upirveles yovlisa ki vaSingtonisTvis, miuRebeli iqneboda. erTmaneTs vafrTxilebdiT, sad gveloda ufskrulSi gadaCexa, es ki Cven Soris ndobas aRrmavebda. male saxelebiT mivmarTavdiT erTmaneTs da Sinaurul mimarTvaze gadavediT. dasavleT berlinisa da federaciuli respublikis urTierTobis gansazRvra Zneli saqme aRmoCnda. sabWoelebma`dasavleT berlinis damoukidebeli erTeulis~ moTxovnaze ki Tqves uari, magram maTTvis diskusias ar eqvemdebareboda konstituciiT gamagrebuli SeTavazeba, berlins wodeboda federaciuli respublikis erT-erTi miwa. arcerT Cvens winadadebas moskovi ar daeTanxma. zanem Zveli sabuTebi gadaqeqa da marTlac aRmoaCina, rom sam gamarjvebul Zalas(safrangeTis gamoklebiT) jer kidev omis dasrulebamde gadaewyvita, berlini ar gamxdariyo axali saxelmwifos`konstituciuri nawili~. kenma momavali dokumenti am sityvebiT Camoayaliba:`rCeba federaciuli respublikis arakonstituciur nawilad~. falins Tavisi ministri gaaxsenda da ganavrco:`... da arc misgan iqneba marTuli~. me ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo gamaxsenda:`...da arc momavalSi iqneba misgan marTuli~. is, rac Cven SevaTanxmeT, oTx gamarjvebul Zalas TavianTi saelCoebis mrCevlebis xeliT daudes magidaze amerikelebma da sabWoelebma. erTdroulad ramdenime donisTvis unda gagvewia angariSi: Sida birTvi kenisa da valentinis saxiT, faruli arxebi vaSingtonTan da moskovTan, kenWisyra berlinis senatSi da partiebis SigniT, bonSi, da ar unda dagvviwy117

eboda gdr. yvelagan vawydebodiT gansxvavebul interesebs, vnebebs, bolo wuTSi Tavidan acilebul Cavardnebs­ a da mRelvarebas, romelTac brandti`wvrilmanebs~ uwodebda. es yvelaferi istoriis nawilia. Cems mexsierebas SemorCa, rogor maCqarebda xolme. – ar minda, sul vityuebode, roca Senze mekiTxebian, sad ariso. Tan brazobda:`am wyeu­lma gamarjvebulebma keTili inebon da yvelafrisgan saidumlos nu qmniano~. es maxalisebda, radgan henris TxovniT niqsonis administracias daexmara, roca erT-erT interviuSi amerikuli jaris Semcirebis winaaRmdeg ilaparaka. breJnevs miswera, opoziciis Semotevis miuxedavad, ukan ar davixevo da Seaxsena, raoden mniSvnelovani iyo misTvis, rom dasavleT berlinelebisTvis federaciis pasportebis gacema SegvZleboda. amasobaSi ulbrixti honekerma Secvala. falinma Sematyobina, – axali kaci moskovisTvis ufro sasurveli partnioriao, Sida germanuli molaparakebebi garTuldebao... garda amisa, kancleris meore Sexvedra unda mogvemzadebina breJnevTan. maT surdaT seqtemberSi yirimSi Sexvedrodnen erTmaneTs sami dRiT, raTa konvenciuri SeiaraRebis Semcirebis saintereso Temaze esaubraT. gvian gamaxsenda, rom Cveni xelSekruleba sam enaze – inglisurad, frangulad da rusulad Sevidoda ZalaSi, magram germanuli variantic saWiro iyo, rom orive germanuli saxelmwifosTvis yofiliyo savaldebulo. germanul-germanulma patara samuSao jgufma TiTqmis asi gansxvaveba aRmoaCina aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mier Sesrulebul TargmanebSi. oTxma Zalam uxalisod gadado parafireba, magram mainc ase erCivnaT, mere mudmivad maTi mosagvarebeli gaxdeboda gaugebrobebi. germanelebi ori punqtis garda, yvelaferze SeTanxmdnen: gdr-ma daiJina, 118

mTel am ambavs`oTxmxrivi SeTanxmeba~ davarqvaTo, Cveni mxare ki`oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebaze~ laparakobda. garTulda inglisuri` ties ~ da rusuli` связи ~-s Targmani. orive cneba SeiZleboda gveTargmna rogorc `bma~ an`kavSiri~. azri gamovTqvi,`uwyebrivi bma~ da `qalTan kavSiri~ sxvadasxvaa-meTqi, magram uSedegod. praqtikaSi orive variantma imuSava: dasavleT berlini isev federacisTan`bmaSi~ cxovrobda, xolo gdr-isTvis es iyo sabWoTa kavSiris mier garantirebuli`kavSiri~. daskvniTi fazis aliaqoTSi keni fasdaudebeli aRmoCnda, igi saxelmwifo departamentis miTiTebebs arad dagidevdaT: TeTr saxls da me ukeT gvesmis, ra igulisxmeba SeerTebuli Statebis interesebSio. anda, rodesac qristian-demokratiul fraqcias uxsnida, rogori warmateba xvdeboda wilad SeTanxmebas, vinc mxars ar dauWers, amerikis prezidentis politikas daupirispirdebao. moskovmac gamoiCina sisxarte: gromiko inkognitod Camovida berlinSi, rogorc Cemi arxidan Sevityve, ar undoda, magram mainc daeTanxma dasavleT berlinelebisTvis federaluri pasportebis gacemas. germanelebma, rac warmogvedgina, mTlianobaSi, gavitaneT. samagierod, sabWoTa survili davakmayofileT dasavleT berlinSi generaluri sakonsulos gaxsnis Taobaze. kenma brandts niqsonis, am arcTu martivi kacis sityvebi gadasca:`am kacs SegiZlia endo~. awi Tqvens jgufs`sam muSketers~ vuwodebo, Cveuli stiliT konvenciuri iaraRis Semcirebasac miaRwevTo. amitomac vuTxari kanclers mogvianebiT, 1974 wlis aprils, momavali wlis bolomde unda SevaTanxmoT jaris daSlis pirveli xelSekruleba-meTqi, imis rwmeniT, rom istorias gansazRvravs saWiro adamianis yofna saWiro dros da saWiro adgilas. 119

rodesac oTxma Zalam samuSaos dasrulebisas erTxmad SesZaxa –`bolo keTilia~ – es iyo sabWoTa kolegis, piotr abrasimovis erTaderTi wvlili am saqmeSi. daiwyo zeimi. wamovida milocvebi mTeli msofliodan. eqvs TveSi mets mivaRwieT, vidre vinme warmoidgenda. yvela ise iqceoda, TiTqos saqme dasrulebuli yofiliyo. arada, jer kidev Camosayalibebeli gvqonda gdr-Tan tranzituli mimosvlis SeTanxmebis detalebi, risTvisac wamoviwyeT mTeli es ambavi. gasaocrad uCveulo iyo ndoba, romelic uceb Cems aRmosavleT germanel partniors mixael kols da me gamogvicxades. da vilim maSin pirvelad isargebla Sida germanuli mravlobiTi formiT: `Tqven amas moaxerxebT!~. 120

germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova (satranzito SeTanxmeba) ndoba, romelic or did saxelmwifos Soris berlinis molaparakebaTa dros Camoyalibda, bonisa da aRmosavl­ eT berlinis urTierTobazec aisaxa. sabWoelebi da amerikelebi zrunavdnen, germanelebs tranzitis sakiTxebze esaubraT, swored maSin, roca oTxi Zalis kontrolis sabWo awi unda Sekrebiliyo. CemTvis es xelsayreli aRmoCnda, mixael koli gavicani. hainrix haineStraseze dasavlelebisTvis gankuTvnili gadasasvleliT vsargeblobdi, Tumca mxolod Cemi dasavleT berlinuli piradobis mowmoba mqonda. oficerma gadawyvita, ukan gavebrunebine, vurCie, saxelmwifo mdivan kols daureke-meTqi. koli gacofda, provokaciaao, sanam ar vuTxari, federalur kanclersac dasavleT berlinuli piradobis mowmoba aqvs-meTqi. netav rogor miudgebodnen dasavleT germaniis saxelmwifo vizits aRmosavleT berlinSi? Tanac, me federaciis rwmunebuli viyavi berlinSi da misi mTavrobis SexedulebiT, ukanono uwyebis xelmZRvaneli. Semdeg Sexvedraze kolma patara piradobis mowmoba gadmomca, gdr-is ministrTa sabWos mier gacemuli, nomriT 000001 , romelic yvela samsaxurs uTiTebda, misi mflobelisT121

vis daxmareba gaewiaT. Tumca arasdros damWirvebia, Cemi manqana aRarc SeumowmebiaT. mixael koli da me imTaviTve kmayofilni viyaviT imis gamo, rom`oTxTa Zalaufleba~ Cvens warmatebas unda dalodeboda. garda amisa, falinma Tavisi Sexeduleba gamiziara, Seni partniori`wesieri kaciao~. gdr-is saukeTeso warmomadgeneli gavicani: Wkviani, Tavisi saqmis zedmiwevniT mcodne. Tumca Tavdapirvelad SeboWili da daeWvebuli. arc iman uSvela, Cemi naTqvami rom miutanes, masTan SedarebiT gromiko pleiboia-meTqi. delegaciebi kviraSi or-sam dRes muSaobdnen, xandaxan SabaT-kvirasac da gvian Ramemde. Tavidan, saRamoobiT, dasavleT berlinSi vbrundebodi, kols es ar siamovnebda, mere vilim miTxra, damalobanas TamaSs SeeSvio. xSirad unter den lindenze memkvidre princis sasaxlis fanjridan ara marto qalaqis SesaniSnavi xediT vtkbebodiT, aramed brandenburgis karibWesac gavcqerodiT xolme dasavleTisken. Ramis cisken miwvdenili reklamebis anarekli albaT aseTive warmodgenas iwvevda aq, aRmosavleTSi, rogoric omis Semdeg Sveicariis monaxulebisas daeufleboda kacs: gaCaxCaxebuli, mdidruli sanaxaobebiT aRtaceba. rodesac ulrix zami, qalaqis demokratiulad arCeuli ukanaskneli meris vaJi da me unter den lindenze vseirnobdiT, vityodiT xolme, berlini dedaqalaqad dagvmSvendebao. aq Tavs Sin vgrZnobdi, koli ki tiuringiidan Camosuli iyo. molaparakebebSi gdr TanamSromlobis suliskveTebas avlenda, sanam im punqtamde ar mivediT, romelic tranzitis borotad sargeblobas gansazRvravda. hqondaT Springers da Strauss am punqtiT sargeblobis ufleba? an maT, vinc gdr-is SexedulebiT, aqauroba aralegalu122

rad datova? arcerTi qveyana ar ambobs uars dezertirebis daWerazeo, aRSfoTeba gamoxata kolma. dasavleTis Zalebis warmomadgenelTa azriT, omis damnaSaveebis mier satranzito gziT gamoyenebas gdr-s ver Sehkadrebdnen. didi xani dagvWirda, sanam Sedegs mivaRwieT: tranzitul zonaSi vinc aRmoCndeboda, misi datovebis uflebac unda hqonoda. visac ukan ar gaabrunebdnen, daubrkoleblad gaagrZelebdnen gzas. dezertirs gdr-is uwyebebi saerTod ar SeuSvebdnen. cota mogvianebiT`respublikidan gaqceulebsac~ ki misces tranzitiT sargeblobis Tavisufleba. sanam Cveni SeTanxmeba muSaobda, maSasadame, germaniis gaerTianebamde, arcerTxel ar gamxdara oTxi Zalis gamoZaxeba saWiro, raTa or germanul mTavrobas Soris dapirispireba moegvarebinaT. monacvleobiT vTaTbirobdiT saministroebis SenobaSi da kancleris aparatSi da yvelis vaWrebiviT vdaobdiT, ra unda yofiliyo satranzito gadasaxadis erTjeradi safasuri, rom mere aRaravin SeeCerebinaT, SeemowmebinaT da iqve gadaxdac ar moeTxovaT. SevTanxmdiT yovelwliurad 234 , 9 milion germanul markaze. koli marTali aRmoCnda, mimosvla gaizrdebao: giunter gauzs 400 milionis gadaxda mouwia, helmut kols ki 800 milioni germanuli markis. mixael kolTan da zamTan bonSi erT-erTi molaparakebis dros Sematyobines, rom brandts nobelis premia mieniWa mSvidobis dargSi. Jan monem waradginao. rogorc ki gavacnobiere, ramxela ambavi iyo, mominda megobrisTvis mimeloca. kabinetis wevrebi kancleris aparatSi Sekrebiliyvnen. Silerma ramdenime saqebari sityva warmoTqva. brandti mis win idga. damagvianda, Tan araswori karidan Sevedi da brandtis zurgs ukan aRmovCndi, ganuwyvetliv iTvlida ceraTi danarCen oTx TiTs. kancleris kabinetSi 123

gadamexvia da miTxra:`am premiaSi wvlili gaqvs da osloSi unda wamoxvide CemTan erTado~. satranzito molaparakebebis paralelurad mimdinare rTuli specialuri molaparakebebi dasavleT berlinis senatsa da gdr-s Soris, maT Soris, dasavleT berlinelebis mier`mosazRvre adgilebis~ monaxulebis Temaze, sul cota, koordinacias moiTxovda. nobelis premiis gadacemis dRes, 10 dekembers, oslodan norvegielma megobrebma ikiTxes, meore dRes berlinSi parafireba Tu moxerxdebao. vaxSmisas miviReT cnoba da amovisunTqeT: senati dainiSna aT saaTze. kols davukavSirdi da TerTmetze davuTqvi Sexvedra. vilimac Sveba igrZno da momiloca. meore dilas luftvafes TviTmfrinaviT CavediT SionefeldSi. saministroebis SenobaSi moxda parafireba. Semdeg dasavleT berlinSi preskonferencia mmarTvel merTan, SiutcTan erTad. davbrundiT aRmosavleT berlinSi. luftvafes ekipaJi aRfrTovanebuli dagvxvda: samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cveni ucxo dedaqalaqi daeTvalierebinaT. gavfrindiT bonSi, pres-konferenciaze, vertmfreniT wavediT kioln-vanSi, gadavfrindiT stokholmSi, gavemgzavreT sastumroSi da rvas wuTiRa uklda, roca smokingebSi gamowyobilebma, Cveuli sizustiT, SevabijeT federaluri kanclerisadmi miZRvnil gala-vaxSamze. 1971 wlis 11 dekemberi marTlac saocrad datvirTuli dRe aRmoCnda. mixael kolma da me TviTonve gamovcadeT piradi`gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da Zalianac gvsiamovnebda. patara ambavi ar iyo, rom omis Semdeg, pirvelad SevZeliT dasavleT germaniasa da dasavleT berlins Soris samoqalaqo mimosvlis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis Seqmna. skandalurad mimaCnda faqti, rom dasavleTs aTwleulebis 124

ganmavlobaSi arcerTxel ar mouTxovia es. SevaTanxmeT Cven-Cveni mTavrobebis werilebi, romliTac TiTeul mekavSires ecnobeboda molaparakebis Sedegi, raTa igi ZalaSi SeeyvanaT. roca oTxi Zalis misamarTiT werilebs vayalibebdiT, romliTac orive germanuli saxelmwifo gaeroSi miRebas iTxovda, orives gvecineboda, radgan, yvela gansxvavebis miuxedavad, vercerTi qveyana suverenuli ver gaxda, aramed aRiarebdnen, rom oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSeuvali uflebebi isev moqmedebda. magram ar gamkvirvebia, rom damarcxebulebs, gamarjvebulebTan erTad, gadawyvetilebis miReba SegveZlo, rogorc es ewera amerikelebis rwmunebaTa werilSi. 1971 wlis Sobis dReebSi, rodesac dasavleT da aRmosavleT berlins Soris mimosvla Seferxda, kols avuxseni, gdr-is mTavroba amaze pasuxismgebeli ar aris-meTqi. man SemomiTvala, honekeri darwmunda, rom xisti, magram samarTliani xaro. leom moskovs daudastura honekeris es naTqvami, rac momavalSi sasargeblo aRmoCnda. bednieri viyavi, rom dasavleT berlinis kunZuli`xmeleTs~ miuaxlovda da misi mosaxleoba daubrkoleblad imogzaurebda. brandtma Seasrula danapirebi, bonidan berlinisTvis metis gakeTebas SevZlebo. upirveles yovlisa, orive vacnobierebdiT: omis Semdgom istoriaSi gardamtexi niSnuli davsviT. germaniis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala ori germaniis mTavrobebis gareSe veRarafers gadawyvetda. maSin daibada modeli`oTxi plus ori~, romlidanac oci wlis Semdeg iSva`ori plus oTxi~. koli da me vTanxmdebodiT, rom oTxi Zala isev aucilebeli gaxdeboda, rodesac saqme samSvidobo xelSekrulebaze midgeboda. Cven aRar viyaviT sxvaTa xelis Semyureni, SegveZlo Cveni in125

teresebisTvis gvemuSava. mokled: saqmeSi CaverTeT. aseve veTanxmebodi kolis Tvalsazriss, rom unda dagvemTavrebina civi omi bundeversa da gdr-is erovnul armias Soris: jaris radiosadguri, sazRvarze ganTavsebuli reproduqtorebi Tu proklamaciebiT daxunZluli sahaero burTebi 1972 wlis 1 ivlisis Semdeg aRar arsebobda – yovelgvari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSe. molaparakeba arcerT mxares ar daurRvevia. erToblivi Zalisxmevis Sedegad, romlis monapovaric iyo Semd­ eg satranzito SeTanxmebis da romlis parafireba 1971 wlis 17 dekembers moxda, davTqviT, rom muSaobas gavagrZelebdiT satransporto xelSekrulebaze da 1972 wlis 20 ianvars isev SevxvdebodiT. yovelive amis Sesaxeb brandtis komentari:`SegviZlia kmayofilebi viyoT, gaerTianebis saqmeSi Setanili Cveni wvlilis gamo~. SorsmWvretel brandts Cveni saboloo mizani Tvalwin edga. 126

yvelaferi an araferi albaT wyalobaa, rom adamianebs ar ZaluZT TavianTi momavlis ganWvreta. Tavisuflebas ver dagegmav, maSinve miawydebi gadaulaxav zRvars, roca Semdegi dRis gansazRvras Seecdebi. momavali Taobis gulubryvilo Tavdajerebaa, ukan mixedvisas Secdomebs rom aRmoaCens warsulSi, romelsac veRar Secvli, arada, am Secdomebs Tavadac dReniadag imeorebs. bunebam dagvwyevla, rom ar SegviZlia gamocdileba memkvidreobad gadavceT. brandtma 1962 wels harvardis leqciebSi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis gardauval Tanaarsebobas`iZulebiTi gabeduleba~ uwoda. swored aseTad iqca misTvis 1972 weli. konstruqciuli undoblobis votumis winaaRmdeg kanclerobis SenarCunebas umravlesobis dakargva mohyva, arCevnebSi gamarjvebis triumfs – piradi marcxi. am gamowvevebis fonze mxolod mas SeeZlo gadarCena, visac brZolis kataklizmebSi orientacia ar daukargavs da eyo Zala, udrekad mihyoloda sakuTar rwmenas. es iyo weliwadi, romlis ganmavlobaSic germaniis federaluri kancleri saerTaSoriso wuxilis centrSi idga, vaSingtonidan moskovamde, honekeris CaTvliT, SeinarCunebda Tu ara posts da rogor SeiZleboda daxmarebodnen. am sabediwero wlis dasawyisSi mniSvnelovani iyo or germanul saxelmwifos Soris xelSekrulebis proeqti, 127

romelic pirvel ratifikacias eloda. satransporto xelSekrulebas yvela germanelisTvis unda gaeiolebina mogzauroba, dasavleT berlinelebis CaTvliT. Cven am xelSekrulebas vuyurebdiT rogorc models, romlis mixedviTac gdr aRiqmeboda rogorc saxelmwifo, Tavisi gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebiT federaciul respublikasTan. amave dros, gvaeWvebda, saerTod moaxerxebda Tu ara federaluri mTavroba moskovisa da varSavis xelSekrulebebis ratificirebas, radgan bundestagSi umravlesobas wyali Sesdgomoda. rac ufro axlovdeboda bundestagSi kenWisyra opoziciis mier undoblobis gamocxadebis Taobaze, miT ufro icvlida jer kidev dausrulebeli satransporto xelSekruleba politikur elfers: xom ar gadaiqceoda igi mimosvlis mosalodneli gamartivebis gamo instrumentad, romelic aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebs da oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebebs saparlamento barierebis gadalaxvas gauiolebda? slava da leo Relavdnen. breJnevis prestiJi da bonis mimarT misi axali politika idga gamocdis win. mravali kviris ganmavlobaSi vawvdidi maT mdgomareobis realur suraTs da ratificirebis Sansebs ormocdaaTi-ormocdaaTze vafasebdi. breJnevma ruseTis germanelebis did jgufs misca qveynidan gasvlis ufleba, magram qdk/qsk gaerTianebis arcerTi deputatisTvis ar qceula es faqti poziciis Secvlis sababad. koli uxeSad SeewinaaRmdega Cems winadadebas, satranzito SeTanxmeba sacdeli vadiT agvemoqmedebina:`arc ki moviazrebT, axal federalur kancler barcels aseTi ZRveni mivarTvaT, magram Tu yvelaferi CaiSleba,`gamyinvareba~ gvelodeba. mere ki isev SegviZlia guliT SeviginoT~. Tumca, dameTanxma, rom SeTanxmebis`droebiTi gamoyeneba~ SesaZlebelia miuRwe128

veli`ZalaSi Seyvanis~ sanacvlod. Semdeg mkiTxa, honekerTan xom ar ginda saubario. niu iorkisa da moskovis Semdeg, mesamed gamovcade ritorikuli kiTxvis meTodi. mosamzadeblad im erTaderT kacs mivadeqi bonSi, vinc honekers omis wina periodis zaarlandidan icnobda. herbert venerma mokled momiWra:`xelze sisxli ar scxia~. am Sefasebas daveyrdeni da arc minania. aRmosavleT berlinSi Sevxvdi Cia kacs, Cemze dabali iyo, fermkrTali, gadaWimuli saxis kaniT da fxizeli mzeriT. yava rom damisxa, uxerxuloba gauqra. amovisunTqe, radgan ar ukiTxavs, xval bundestagSi ra moxdebao. maSinve saqmeze gadavida da dameTanxma,`roca saWiro iqneba~, berlini satransporto xelSekrulebaSi CaerTvebao, rasac koli ewinaaRmdegeboda. is ki ara, ukeTesi formulac ki SemomTavaza, magram uari ganvucxade. kolma mogvianebiT aRniSna:`amas yovelTvis dagifasebTo~. honekerTan saubars mohyva didi gardatexa. dasavleT germanelebs ara mxolod naTesavebis, aramed nacnobebis monaxulebac unda SesZlebodaT. saCuqrebisTvis dawesebuli zRvaric gaizarda. nebadarTuli gaxda turistuli mogzaurobebi, maT Soris, sakuTari avtomobiliTac. gadaudebel SemTxvevebSi ioldeboda, asakis zRvaris miuxedavad, ojaxebis gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba. jer ver bedavda, dasavleTSi wamsvlelTa asakobrivi zRvari daewia. Cveni saubari iyo wyaro, romelic xan farTovdeboda, xan viwrovdeboda, magram milionobiT adamianis nakadad iqca. `Cven mzad varT, am gzas davadgeT~, dameTanxma honekeri,`gvsurs, iseve davZraT saqme, rogorc poloneTis da CexeTis SemTxvevaSi, ar mivabaT vizitis ufleba garkveul olqebs, gavzardoT sastumroebis moculoba Tqveni moqalaqeebisTvis~. misi mxridan aseve dasZina – procesi 129

kontrols unda eqvemdebarebodeso. CemTvis cxadi iyo yvelaferi, magram verc mimosvlis SezRudva da verc saeWvo kampaniebi gaTiSvis Sesaxeb, ver SeaCerebda gdr-is moqalaqeebis ltolvas dasavleTisaken. Tu yvelaferi kargad iqna, mzad var, or saxelmwifos Soris principuli urTierTobebi movagvaroTo, Sempirda honekeri. amitom gTxoveT gvwveodiT, rom es gvecnobebina TqvenTviso. es naTqvami mTeli darCenili wlisTvis mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda. somxur koniaks vsvamdiT... brandtTan da vernerTan mokiTxva damabara. arc satransporto xelSekrulebas da arc honekeris dapirebebs bonSi ZalauflebisTvis gaCaRebuli mxurvale brZolisTvis mniSvneloba ar SeuZenia. brandtis Tavdajerebuli pozicia, dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan keTilganwyobilTa daxmarebas miviRebdiT, gamarTlda. mogebuli kenWisyris dRes bevrma miuloca. vaSingtonisa da moskovis mxardaWera ki soliduri da sando aRmoCnda. 1972 wlis gazafxulzeve gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso mzaoba, SenarCunebuliyo social-liberaluri koalicia da grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi eTanamSromlaT masTan. axla umTavresi aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis ratificireba gaxldaT. qveynisTvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxSi opoziciis fraqciis mier Tavis Sekavebas brandtma ironiulad`sindisisgan Tavis Sekaveba~ uwoda. opoziciis lideris, rainer barcelis tragediaa, rom swored misi fraqciis TavSekavebam moutana xmaTa umravlesoba am sakiTxs da gza gauxsna moskovisa da varSavis xelSekrulebebis, agreTve, satransporto xelSekrulebis ratificirebas, rac daubrkoleblad ganxorcielda 17 da 26 maiss. oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelmoweriT satranzito SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida. magram kancleris aparatSi 130

mainc arasasurveli ganwyoba sufevda. mas Semdeg, rac Tavisufali demokratebis sami da social-demokratebis erTi wevri qdk/qsk gaerTianebis banakSi gadabargdnen, koaliciam umravlesoba dakarga. brandti ndobis votumis dayenebas fiqrobda. emke emxroboda, me – ara.`kancleri, romelsac biujets ar daumtkiceben, samsjavroze unda wardges~, daiJina brandtma. me sxva argumentebiT davusabuTe:`barceli es-esaa Zirs gaiSota. Sen ratom unda mihyve mas?~ patis mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi, mTavrobas Widaoba ar unda daewyo. saRamos, kabinetis sxdomaze brandtma gaicina:`yvela qveyanas sWirdeba mTavroba. am qveyanas hyavs mTavroba. mSvenieria~. ase gaikvala gza vadamdeli arCevnebisken. 1972 wlis ivlisSi gadmogvces breJnevis vrceli werili brandtisadmi, miniSnebiT, rom gdr cdilobda moskovTan Cveni urTierTobebi gaerTulebina. werili erT saintereso informacias Seicavda:`barceli da Strausi iTxoven kontaqts. Strauss uari eTqva, sanam pozicias sajarod ar Seicvlis. barceli ki, romelic xazgasmiT adasturebda, patiosnad vecade xelSekruleba miRebuli yofiliyo, magram Cems Zalebs aRematebodao, Svebulebis dawyebamde iTxovda Sexvedras. ar daveTanxmeT. am sakiTxisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi kontaqti ver Sedgeba. Cemi azriT, am arguments igi ver moedaveba~. wamyvani opoziciuri liderebis poziciis ase moulodneli cvlileba, Cavardnili ndobis votumidan mxolod sami Tvis Semdeg, namdvilad sakvirveli iyo. opoziciis saeWvo poziciis miuxedavad, arCevnebis Sedegi Ria iyo. ramdenime social-demokratma daiJina, aRmosavleTis politikis radikalurobam da sulswrafobam migviyvana am mdgomareobamdeo; orive unda SevaneloTo. 131

magram koalicias TiTqmis misionerulad sjeroda, rom Cveni qveynisTvis sasargeblo da saWiro saqmes akeTebda. am rwmenas yvela iziarebda – Seelis, veneris da emkes CaTvliT. am pozicias pativs scemdnen adamianebi, maSin, roca sazogadoeba Tanxmdeboda, rom es koalicia arCevnebs veRar moigebda. yvelafer amas isic daemata, rom kargi saxelis mqone ekonomikis ministri Sileric`gadaxta~ da qilikis sababi misca mowinaaRmdeges, netav ramdeni amomrCeveli wahyveba Silerso. kancleris kabinetSi brandti, veneri da me gdr-Tan molaparakebebis gagrZelebaze vmsjelobdiT. venerma winadadeba wamoWra, satransporto xelSekrulebis modelis mixedviT Tvidan Tvemde sxva xelSekrulebebic davdoT sxvadasxva sferoSi da opozicia yovel jerze davayenoT arCevanis winaSeo. me sabaziso xelSekrulebas vemxrobodi, romelic or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobas srulyofda. vilim misTvis Cveuli maneriT Tqva:`gaagrZeleT msjeloba~. misi manqanisken rom gavemarTeT,`biZas~ avuxseni, rom mimdinare molaparakebebis Sesaxeb mudmivi informacia ufro efeqturad gamoCndeboda sazogadoebaSi. aman gadaarwmuna:`egre vqnaT. uTxari vilis~. koalicia SeTanxmda, rom 19 noembers Catardeboda bundestagis vadamdeli arCevnebi. koli da me mivxvdiT, rom yovlismomcveli sabaziso xelSekruleba, romelic fostis sakiTxidan kulturamde yvelafers moawesrigebda, orive mxarisTvis sasurvel vadebSi SeuZlebeli iyo mogveswro. ase da amgvarad iqca sabaziso xelSekruleba sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebad, romelic ori saxelmwifos Tanaarsebobis CarCos moawesrigebda, sanam es saxelmwifoebi iarsebebdnen. 132

megobris gansacdeli mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas hgavda, atirebulma ruTma rom damireka da miTxra: vili isea, veRar daelaparakebio. noemberSi icoda xolme, Tavs cota xniT ganmartoebis uflebas miscemda, rom dawynarebuliyo da Zalebi moekriba. mudmivi wnexisgan unda gaTavisuflebuliyo. mere mTeli weli sruli datvirTviT muSaobda Semdeg noembramde. am movlenas depresiul fazad afasebdnen da, nawilobriv, asec iyo. magram brandti depresiuli adamiani ar yofila, piriqiT. visac gansakuTrebiT maRal Tanamdebobaze umuSavia industriis, kulturis da politikis dargSi da srulad ar gauxeSebula, misTvis nacnobia Cumi, mRrRneli TviTgamokvlevis faza. brandtisnair mgrZnobiare adamianze es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis. mis Zlier mxares warmoadgenda Zalebis swrafi aRdgenis unari. magram jer zafxuli idga da amitom iyo es ambavi sagangaSo. vili Cabnelebul oTaxSi iwva.`arafris xalisi aRar maqvs~. cudi niSania, roca pasuxismgeblobiT moqmedeb da da tvirTs xalisiT veRar atareb. mis laparakSi farxmlis dayra sibrazes erwymoda. varaudobda, rom emke iyo ambis gatanis wyaro, razec veneri da Smidti sayvedurobdnen. venerTan araferi gamodis, Smidtma ki viTom 133

megobruli da Tan sazizRari werili momwerao. fraqciaSi ukmayofileba sufevs, radgan lideris rols ver vasrulebo. emke, rogorc kancleris aparatis ufrosi, ise iqceva, TiTqos Tavadaa mTavari da kancleris arsebobas iTmenso. partias qveynis marTvis unari aRar aqvso. Seeli ki misi saministros dawvrilmanebis gamo ukve gavafrTxile, kremli saolqo sasamarTlo xom ar ggonia-meTqi. Tavs vanebeb yvelaferso:`ar gaamarTla Cemma meTodma, rom brZanebebs ar gavcem da adamianebs ise vepyrobi, rogorc adamianebs~. misi survili,`davamTavro da yvelaferi mivyaro~, sabednierod, ver Sesruldeboda, radgan federaluri prezidenti sazRvargareT imyofeboda. vakvirdebodi ra brandtis cxovrebis gzas, vxedavdi adamians, romelic mudmivi wnexis qveS imyofeboda. es vrceldeboda axalgazrda brandtzec da emigrant brandtzec. da miTumetes deputatze, mmarTvel merze, partiis Tavmjdomareze da kanclerobis mravalgzis kandidatze, sagareo saqmeTa ministrze da bolos federalur kanclerze. pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad emateboda unari, gaeZlo wnexisTvis. magram TiToeuli ufro didi da yovlismomcveli pasuxismgebloba aiZulebda SesaZleblobebis sul axal-axal zRvars miaxloveboda da mTlianad gadawvdomoda kidec. rodis, rogor da sad unda gantvirTuliyo mudmivi daZabulobisgan? am mwvave kiTxvas mivyavdi martiv pasuxamde, rom unda daesvena. Cveni TanamSromlobis dawyebidan Zalian male mTeli erTi kvira gavatareT tunisis kunZul jerbaze, nangrevebSi romaul monetebs veZebdiT, davaTvaliereT qveynis yvelaze Zveli sinagoga da uzomod bevri vWameT gubernatoris sadilze. sanapiroze seirnobisas vilim 134

uceb gaixada da vikingiviT gadaeSva wyalSi. CemTvis wyali civi iyo. aseTi udardeli momentebi samociani wlebis dasawyisSic ganvicadeT meqsikis yureSi. vilis, CrdiloeT germaniis da skandinaviis wylebSi rom eswavla Tevzaoba, iqac mounda. Sua zRvaSi ankesis gadagdeba ar icoda. Cvenma Tanmxlebma pirebma maSinve wamoiyvires, Toks xeli gauSvi, Torem TiTebs wagawyvets, Tevzi Tu wamoegoo. rogorc axalbedam, yvelaze didi Tevzi me daviWire da vilis davuTme, maSinve foto gadaiRo. patara biWebiviT gavlaRdiT. icoda, rom problemebiT ar Sevawuxebdi. sxvaTa Soris, arc xanmokle Sesvenebebis dros da arc samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg Semiwuxebia raimeTi, magaliTad, roca gerhard cverencis wignze`patara kaci omsa da mSvidobaSi~ vlaparakobdiT da vxalisobdiT. Svebulebisas ar vnaxulobdi, Tumca, kancleris Svebuleba mxolod da mxolod samuSao adgilis sxvagan gadatanas niSnavda. Cemi megobris cxovrebis arsi politika gaxldaT. ar davinteresebulvar, ojaxTan gatarebuli dro mokle intervalebisgan Sedgeboda Tu xangrZlivi periodebisgan. arc esiamovneboda aseTi kiTxvebi. gvqonda salaRobo wuTebic, magaliTad, roca brandti kabinetis sxdomis Semdeg SegvekiTxeboda xolme gantvirTvis mizniT:`vin icis kargi anekdoti?~ 1972 wels rom es krizisi dadga, sxvaTa Soris, vercerTma gareSe pirma ver igrZno. brandts Zala da principuloba im mSfoTvare wlis bolomde eyo. mtkice xasiaTi hqonda. icoda Tavisi araCveulebrivi unarebis Sesaxeb da uwyoda sakuTari mniSvneloba Cveni eris winaSe am albaT gansakuTrebul istoriul situaciaSi. am cnobierebis, mokrZalebulobis da siamayis gamo isurva, rom misi saflavis qvaze waeweraT:`igi ecada~. 135

dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris ndobis zrda seqtembris dasawyisSi henri kisinjeri miunxenis olimpiur TamaSebze Camovida, rom kanclers Sexvedroda. Cvens urTierTobas TiTqmis guliTads uwodebdiT. yvelaferze operatiulad da zustad gvayenebdnen saqmis kursSi – iqneboda es moskovSi Sexvedrebi, niqsonTan erTad pekinSi viziti Tu amerikuli jaris vietnamidan gayvanis statusi. miunxenSi ar gveguleboda oTaxi, sadac mosmenas ver SeZlebdnen, amitom amerikelebma henris sastumro oTaxi saguldagulod aRWurves da sandod miiCnies. Sedegad, germaniis kancleri, usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi amerikel mrCevels iqiT eaxla. henrim brandts gauziara gegma, romlis mixedviTac niqsons da breJnevs vladivostokSi xelSekruleba unda daedoT erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg atomuri iaraRis argamoyenebaze, Sesabamisad, sakuTari teritoriebis dacvaze. es ar exeboda CineTs, axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropas. brandti da me ukve didi xania vvaraudobdiT, rom orive super-saxelmwifos sasicocxlo interesi, xelSeuxebeli gaexadaT maTTvis wminda teritoriebi da, Sesabamisad, gadarCeniliyvnen, saqme saqmeze Tu midgeboda, evropas gadaaqcevda mcire atomuri iaraRis sacdel poligonad. axla ki es scenari 136

xelSekrulebad unda qceuliyo, raTa ufro masStaburi atomuri safrTxe SeemcirebinaT, rac namdvilad dadebiTad aisaxeba evropazeco. henris germaniis kancleris reaqciis mosinjva undoda. brandti daeTanxma, Tuki natos valdebulebebi ucvleli darCebao. xazgasmiT gamokveTa Tavisi mosazreba, gadarCenis erTaderTi Sansi mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebaao. am realobis paragrafebSi mosaqcevad federaluri respublika aSS-s mxars dauWerso. vaSingtonsa da moskovs Soris urTierTobebis ganmuxtva germaniisTvisac xelsayreliao. ndoba SenarCunda.`arxiT komunikaciisasac~ ki ar xsenebula arasdros kisinjersa da brandts Soris damuSavebuli sakiTxi, aramed yovelTvis mivaniSnebdiT `mxolod kanclerisTvis gankuTvnil informaciaze~. am ganzomilebis pirispir germanul-germanuli sakiTxebi erTi cicqna Canda, magram CvenTvis, bunebrivia, es ase ar iyo. brandti miunxenSi darCa, roca`Savma seqtemberma~ israelis gundze TavdasxmiT bolo mouRo mxiarul TamaSebs. man federalur prezident hainemanTan erTad miiRo olimpiuri TamaSebis gagrZelebis gadawyvetileba. bonSi honekeris piradi gzavnili miviRe. mTavazobda, miuxedavad siZneleebisa, davaCqaroT molaparakebebio da mamcnobda mzaobas, kidev erTxel SevxvdeT pirispiro. brandtTan SesaTanxmebeli dro aRar mrCeboda. gavfrindi berlinSi da gzaSi stenografiulad Camovwere xuTi punqti, romelsac honekers warvudgendi, rogorc kancleris gzavnils. rodesac Semdeg saRamos vilis misi saxeliT naTqvami es punqtebi miunxenSi wavukiTxe, gaicina:`madloba RmerTs, ase giTqvams. ase mZafrad me ver vityodio~. 137

pirispir Sexvedra Sedga arsebiT sakiTxebze, ramac, ori Tvis Semdeg, sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis damTavreba gaaiola. Tanamemamules saintereso emans­i­ pi­re­bul Jestad CavuTvale SeniSvna, rom sahaero kori­ dorebs daicavda da momavalSi germanul-germanul sahaero mimosvlaze davdebdiT xelSekrulebas. amaze adre mec mifiqria. Tumca saqme rom ar gamovida, arc gdr-is brali iyo da arc gromikosi, aramed dasavleTis sami Zalis sahaero ataSeebis, romelTac Cvens gegmas maTi monopolisti kompaniebis interesebis gamo mxari ar dauWires. arcerT sxva Temaze ar gamouxatavs honekers Tavisi azri ase dawvrilebiT da mravalwaxnagovnad, rogorc eris sakiTxze.`xeli ar moewereba arcerT xelSekrulebas, sadac ewereba`eris erToba~ an`qveynis gaerTianeba~, aRniSna man. arcerTi Cveni mokavSire ar emxroba germaniis gaerTianebaso. orive mxares`aweven xels, es sityvebi Tu gaigoneso~. orive saxelmwifo erTad ekonomikurad zedmetad gaZlierdebao. Semdeg mamcno,`yvela mowyobilobas davSli, romlebic aqamde gfr-is Sida saqmeebSi ereodao~. imaves ver moiTxovda bonisgan – man icoda konstituciiT dadgenili sazRvrebi – magram mniSvnelobas aniWebda sityvas`Caurevloba~, romelic saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobis elementarul princips gulisxmobda~.`samSvidobo xelSekrulebis~ Tema`droebiT~ daviviwyoT molaparakebebisaso:`samSvidobo xelSekruleba ar gaformdeba. es ukve viciT, iqneb boloSi CavweroT es fraza. – ar vici~. honekerma gamWriaxoba, gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari da meti kompetencia gamoavlina, vidre zogierTma Cvenma maRalCinosanma bonSi. mis gareSe Sidagermanuli daaxloeba ver ganxorcieldeboda. gasaocaria, rogor Secda, 138

rom egona, sazRvrebis gavleba da daaxloeba erTdroulad aRsruldeboda. rogorc mas moeqcnen gaerTianebis Semdeg, namdvilad ar aris saamayo. gamomSvidobebisas brandtTan da venerTan damabara mokiTxva da dasZina, zaarlandSi veneris qveSevrdomi viyavio; siamovebiT Sevxvdebodi kidev erTxel`mis velzeo~. bonSi`biZam~ amoisunTqa da vilisaviT gaixara, awi molaparakebebis bolomde miyvanas rom SevZlebdiT. ministrTa kabinetSi Smidti erT ambavSi iyo, gveyofa baris amdeni qebao; mas, rogorc moxeles, isedac zomaze metad aqcevs yuradRebas presa da televiziao. ar vici, es kritika iyo Tu ara vilis moulodneli SemoTavazebis mizezi, rodesac miTxra, bundestagis mandatisTvis unda ibrZoloo:`Seni megobari helmuti fiqrobs, rom partiaSi Seni dawinaurebaa saWiro~. garda amisa, mandati ar gawyens, Tu arCevnebs wavagebTo. Smidtis SeniSvna exeboda Cems miznad dasaxul Sedegs, romliTac veners varwmunebdi, pirdapir sabaziso xelSekrulebaze gadavideT-meTqi. kolTan Sexvedrebma samocs gadaaWarba da saqmes bolo jer kidev ar uCanda. koaliciis saTaveSi moqceul jgufSi urTierToba megobruli gaxldaT. Seelma emkes TandaswrebiT moswrebulad SeniSna:`kolega emke TiTqmis yvela problemas Wris, romelTac Tavad qmnis~. kancleris aparatis Sefi, Wkviani da efeqturi TanamSromeli, TavganwirviT uSverda mkerds kanclerisaTvis gankuTvnil isrebs... garda amisa, igi meTvalyureobda saidumlo samsaxurebs. horsts rom maincdamainc Cexi qali Seuyvarda, sasixarulo da pikanturi ambavi iyo. magram RamRamobiTac xom unda dagvesvena, es ki Cemi xelSewyobiT xdeboda. erTmaneTs vcvlidiT 139

xolme da SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT, romelimes Tu gagvitacebdnen(maSin mosalodneli iyo), pirdapir mivaWridiT megobarTan. aRtacebuli viyavi, rogor Tavdauzogavad SeeZlo muSaoba hotes, rogorc mas veZaxdiT. gavecani im uzarmazar samuSaos, romelic Cemi sagareo politikuri saqmianobis miRma arsebobda. koaliciis Sida politikuri warmatebebi ar iyo ise gaxmaurebuli, rogoradac ekuTvnoda. kancleris aparatisadmi gamovlenili Suri gasakviri ar unda yofiliyo. rodesac bundestagis mandatisTvis brZolaze Tanxmoba ganvacxade, vilim ioxen StefenTan gamiSva. Slezvig-holStainis Tavmjdomare suliT xorcamde memarcxene demokrati gaxldaT, romelic veranair komunisturad Seferil tendencias ver guobda, rogorsac, magaliTad, hamburgSi vawydebodiT. misi sityvebi`aseTi kvercxisTava gvWirdeba~ kmaroda, rom federalur miwaze siis pirvel nomrad averCie. ukve mimdinare molaparakebebsa da Sexvedrebs orSabaTobiT qveynis ukidures CrdiloeTSi saarCevno olqSi vizitebic daemata. madlobeli viyavi, rom partiis adgilobriv organizacias Cemi da Cemi bonuri saqmeebis esmoda, maTi nawili xom namdvilad ar gamoxatavda mkafio memarcxene pozicias.`wiTelma ioxenma~ amixsna, rom birTvuli energiis mSvidobiani gamoyeneba bolos da bolos gzas gauxsnis energetikis problemebis sufTad gadaWris perspeqtivaso. amgvarad aRmovCndiT progresis saTaveSi. maSin viswavle is, rac mTeli cxovreba memaxsovreba: politika kvalSi udgas mecnierebas, maSinac, roca is axal safrTxeebs aRmoaCens, magaliTad Cernobilis an fukuSimas Semdeg gamosxivebiani narCenebis gatanisas. ganaxlebadi energiis SemTxvevaSic 140

ase iqneba. politikis keTili ganzraxva, Tan prevenciuli da Tan uwyveti gavlena iqonios, gulubryvilod Cans. igi momavlSic gahyveba teqnikis nebismier gardamtex siaxles. xolo mecnierebis gafrTxileba globaluri resursebis amowurvis Sesaxeb ejaxeba politikas, romelic mxolod Tavisi sakanonmdeblo vadis farglebSi azrovnebs. 141

finiSis swors molaparakebebisas mixael koli da me SevTanxmdiT baltiis zRvasa da biomeris tyis regionSi mcire sasazRvro mimosvlaze. es regioni, romelic 110 olqs moicavs, oTxi axali sasazRvro punqtiT aRiWurva. damatebiT oTxze kolma uari miTxra:`axla meti ar SemiZliao~. berlinis sazRvris gadakveTis pirveli dokumentis SemoReba rom maxsendeboda, did talRas velodi. koli Sempirda, Tu ase moxda, dauyenebliv SevxvdeT da axal punqtebze movilaparakoTo. didi imedgacrueba meloda: xalxi punqtebs ar mowydomia. ufro didi imedgacrueba – 1990 wlis 3 oqtombris Semdeg Zvel samSobloSi dabrunebis didi talRac ar yofila, dasavleTSi miRebuli mdidari gamocdilebis xalxi ukan ar dabrunebula. rogorc ers, bedma gagviRima. koreuli tragizmi, rom xalxi marTla SeiZleba gayo, Tuki didi xniT daaSoreb erTmaneTs, Cven agvcda. molaparakebebis daskvniT etapze brandtma gadawyvita breJnevisTvis eTxova gdr-ze zemoqmedeba, Semxvedri nabijebi gadmoedgaT samSvidobo xelSekrulebis da eris principuli sakiTxebis molaparakebebis gzaze. xelSekruleba rom yvela mxarisTvis misaRebi yofiliyo, masSi unda Sesuliyo debuleba, rom`ori germanuli saxelmwifos SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba erT ers. Sesabamisi 142

formulirebis gareSe xelSekrulebis politikurad gatana ver moxerxdeboda, mas sakonstitucio sasamarTloc baTilad cnobda~. ase gulaxdili saubari ar gaZnelebula, radgan brandti da breJnevi 1971 wlis Semodgomaze, yirimSi meore Sexvedrisas erTmaneTs dauaxlovdnen, maT Soris ndoba damyarda da mere xSiri mimowera hqondaT. aseTi aradiplomatiuri qmedeba ara marto gabeduli nabiji iyo, cotaTi Tavxeduric, did Zmas sTxovda gdr-ze gav­lena iqonieo. ramdenimedRiani dumilis Semdeg`Cvenma arxma~ mirCia, pirdapir breJnevTan mosinjeo.`mas uyvarxar~, jer kidev yirimSi miTxra brandtma. vvaraudobdiT, rom gdr Cemi vizitis Sesaxeb Seityobda, radgan kolTan Sexvedris gauqmeba momiwevda, es ki parafirebamde darCenil saboloo etapze uaryofiTad imoqmedebda. vilim riskze wasvla gadawyvita. moskovSi saaTobiT velaparakebodi gromikos, magram adgilidan ver davZari. meore dilas, 1972 wlis 10 oqtombers, breJnevi guliTadad momesalma.`Tqven iseve gelaparakebiT, rogorc kanclers~. saubari TanamdebobisTvis Seuferebeli anekdotebiT daiwyo. mogvianebiT brandti gavarTe am anekdotebiT, ZiriTadi punqtebi Caviwere – `oTxi qali~,`logikis ambavi~ da`Cvidmeti wlis biWi~. amasobaSi es anekdotebi damaviwyda. Cveni molaparakebebis ZiriTadi punqtebis Sesaxeb ki aRniSna, urTulesi sakiTxia da safuZvlian awon-dawonas moiTxovso. roca Cibuxis SaliTa gavxseni da Cibuxis datenvas Sevudeqi, mxolod maSin modunda, radgan SeamCnia, rom xmis Camweri ar mqonda. manac amoiRo jibidan kolofi, sigarets moukida da eqimebze daiCivla, raRaca uqnes am kolofs, mxolod naxevar saaTSi erTxel ixsnebao. mkiTxa, saar143

Cevno kampania rogor midiso. oTxi saaTis Semdeg ise davasruleT saubari, im ori punqtis Sesaxeb araferi daudgenia, risTvisac Cavedi. Sahi enda mieRo. ra gavlena moaxdina Semdeg aRmosavleT berlinel amxanagebze, kanclerisTvis gagzavnil cnobaSic ar gamovlenila:`Zalian kmayofili var baton barTan saubriT. mas velaparakebodi da Tqveni xma mesmoda. xandaxan orive Cvengani gamovxatavdiT gansxvavebul poziciebs, magram es ar gaxdeba imedgacruebis mizezi... Cven mzad varT, yvelaferi gavakeToT Tqvens dasaxmarebl­ ad~. Cemi moxsenebis Semdeg vilim da me davaskveniT is, rom honekerma samarTlianad migvaniSna, aravin icis, Sedgeba Tu ara samSvidobo xelSekruleba da rodiso. werili germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb, romelic moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmowerisas gadaveciT, gdr-is winaSec sakmarisi iqneboda. kabinetis viwro wreSi ganvixileT eris CarTvis sakiTxi. mxolod veneri Semepasuxa:`amas ar unda SevwiroT xelSekruleba~. magram veneri uflebamosili ar iyo CemTvis miTiTebi moeca. Semdeg, SesaZloa bolo sxdomaze, kols avuxseni, rom preambulaSi mainc Tu ar iqneboda naxsenebi eri, parafirebas ver Sevpirdebodi. sxdoma Sewyvita da naxevar saaTSi dabrunda honekerisgan uflebamosili, Cemi formulirebiT gvemuSava. Cveni xelmoweriT dasrulda molaparakebebi. axla orive mTavrobas unda gadaewyvita Tanxmoba moeca xelmoweraze. parafireba ganxorcielda 8 noembers, xelSekrulebis teqstis gamoqveynebis paralelurad. mosaxleobas 19 noembris arCevnebze am sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebisTvisac unda eyara kenWi; axal mTavrobas xel-fexi unda 144

gaxsnoda an Tavidan daewyo molaparakebebi, an saerTod ar gaemarTa. parafirebis Semdeg federalurma kanclerma mixael koli miiRo. TviTonac ar gvjeroda Cveni bednierebisa, iseTi daRlilebi visxediT kancleris bungaloSi, sixarulis Tavic aRar gvqonda, rom amxela saqme marTla gavakeTeT. arCevnebSi gamarjvebam SesaZlebeli gaxada xelSekrulebis xelmowera 21 dekembers. manamde ki SevTanxmdiT, rom mxars davuWerdiT gdr-is gancxadebas parizSi iuneskos wevrobaze, ori kviriT adre amaze laparakic ki SeuZlebeli iqneboda. arCevnebSi social-demokratiuli partiis udidesma warmatebam igi bundestagis yvelaze Zlier partiad aqcia. `virCevT vilis!~ aRmoCnda yvelaze Zvirfasi argumenti. rodis SevZlebT plakatebze isev davweroT:`germanelebo, SegviZlia viamayoT Cveni qveyniT~. es iyo mwvervali, romelzec veravin mokalaTdeba. vilim TiTqmis sazeimod gadamixada madloba sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebisTvis.`es Seni pirmSoa. daimsaxure, rom Tavad moawero xeli Sens xelSekrulebas~. isev SemomTavaze kancleris aparatSi emkes movaleoba Camebarebina. roca isev viuare, miTxra:`maSin bundestagis mandati mainc unda aiRo~. Semdeg siera leoneSi xanmokle SvebulebiT gamgzavrebis neba damrTo. rom davbrundi, gaTamaSebuli sixaruliT mamcno, koaliciam Sen da verner maihoferi gansakuTrebul davalebaTa federalur ministrebad wargadginaTo. horst graberti saxelmwifo mdivnis rangSi gauZRveboda kancleris aparats. man, rogorc federalurma senatorma, kargad icoda rogorc berlinis, aseve bonis problemebi. pirovnulad sasiamov145

no, Wkviani da, emkesTan SedarebiT, wynari kaci iyo. emkem samecniero kvlevisa da teqnologiis sfero Caibara. SvebulebaSi yofnis gamo sindisi mqenjnida, mTeli wlis aliaqoTiT daRlil megobars rom vuyurebdi. xrinwiani xma hqonda, saxmo simebi unda gavaTlevinoo da uxaroda mTliani narkozi rom eloda da mere ori kvira ver ilaparakebda, Tanac kabinetis Seqmnis davidarabas Tavidan aicilebda. praqtikulad mxolod kancleris aparatis nawili hqonda mogvarebuli. magram veners mosazrebebis grZeli sia gadasca kabinetis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb; mogvianebiT aRmoaCina, rom es sia am ukanasknels portfelSi`daviwynoda~. amgvarad, koaliciam brandtis survilis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe gadawyvita axali kabinetis Targi da Semadgenloba, rasac saxelmwifo gadatrialebas ver daarqmevdi, magram federaluri kancleris winaaRmdeg namdvilad iyo mimarTuli. mogvianebiT miyveboda, operaciis Semdeg laparaki da moweva akrZaluli rom mqonda, yoveldRe or Secdomas vuSvebdi da vercerTi avicile Tavidano. Sen mainc ar Sewyvito uceb mowevao, gamafrTxila. sabediswero wels Cemi megobari gamofituli da dasustebuli daemSvidoba. 146

gaWianurebuli starti axali weli valter Seelma saerTo ganwyobis aRweriT daaxasiaTa:`batono federaluro kancl­ ero, 1973 welma meti simSvide unda mogvitanos, vidre siaxle. upirveles yovlisa, meti dro unda davuTmoT imas, rom mosaxleobas ganvumartoT, rac aqamde gavakeTeT~. sagulisxo rCeva iyo, radgan sakuTar partiaSic igrZnoboda, rom ganmuxtvis politika da aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis suliskveTeba sazogadod cnobili ar iyo, rac umniSvnelo winaaRmdegobis drosac iCenda xolme Tavs. saaxalwlo uqmeebi sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda megobars Zalebi aRedgina. gauqra is enTuziazmi, romliTac 1969 wels pirvel samTavrobo programaze muSaobda. meore moxseneba saministroebis mier mowodebuli monaxazebisgan Sekowiwda. gamosvlis teqstebs popularuli mwerlis Semomatebamac ver uSvela. klaus harprextis saocari ostatobiT dawerili Tomas manis biografia mogvianebiT erTi amosunTqviT wavikiTxe, Tumca literaturaSi ukeT erkveoda, vidre politikaSi. misi SemoTavazeba, sityva` compassion ~ gveqcia mTavar cnebad, vilis moewona, me ki sisustis gamovlinebad miviCnie da xarkis gadaxdad imgvari ganaTlebisTvis, romlis miRebis saSualebac mas cxovrebaSi ar mieca. ra saWiro iyo germaniis kancleris 147

gamosvlaSi iseTi inglisuri sityva, romelsac mSobliur enaSi zusti Sesatyvisi ar moeZebneboda? magram vilim ase daiJina da ver SeekamaTebodi. is iyo Zalagamoclili suli, romelmac Caanacvla Seqmnis wadiliT nasazrdoebi eiforia. cota dagvianebiT mec momeZala molaparakebebiT gadatvirTuli wina sami wlis daRliloba. 1973 wlis martis dasawyisSi Tavs SeuZlod vgrZnobdi da klinikaSi wavedi. eqims undoda, iqve davetovebine. magram meore dRes parizSi unda gavmgzavrebuliyavi – Tu sikvdili gindaT, mokvdiT, me ra menaRvlebao. – damadevna mwyralad. adrenalini sruliad amomewura. axal germanul enaze amas`bernauti~ hqvia. oTxi kvira viweqi. mTeli arsebiT yvelasa da yvelafris mimarT aqamde ucnob gulgrilobis reJimze gadaverTe. aRarc gazeTebi mainteresebda da aRarc radio da televizori, vilis zaric ki. oTxi kviris Semdeg Zlivs avdeqi, tegernis tbaze gadamiyvanes sanatoriumSi da SeSfoTebuli vcdilobdi artikulaciis unari dambruneboda. vili mzrunvelad kiTxulobda Cemi gamojanmrTelebis ambebs. hans-ioxen fogelma moulodnelad mominaxula, misi mudam madlieri davrCebi. maisma ganwyoba gamomikeTa. breJnevi federalur respublikaSi Tavisi pirveli vizitis dros, kancleris rezidenciis win, veRar Seelia ruTis xelze kocnas. urTierTsimpatia namdvilad igrZnoboda. sagareo uwyebam uari Tqva stumris sapativcemlod ocdaerTi zalpis gasrolaze, rogorc es parizSi mouwyves, saxelmwifos meTauri ar ariso. magram bolos protokols sawinaaRmdego araferi hqonda, breJnevs xeli moewera dokumentebze, risi ufleba`sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobis saxeliT~ mas saerTod ar hqonda. 148

generalurma mdivanma da kanclerma gromikos da me komunikes momzadeba dagvavales. erTmaneTs marTla davejaxeT. gromiko ambobda, berlinis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba oTxma gamarjvebulma Zalam miiRoo. federaciuli respublika arafer SuaSia da am vizitis komunikeSic ar unda Sevideso. Cemma kategoriulma pasuxma:`berlinis gareSe komunike saerTod ar iqneba!~. samarisebuli siCume gaaxangrZliva, sanam falini Seecdeboda viTarebis gamosworebas. man Tqva, vecdebi barTan dalaparakebaso. buzRuniT daeTanxmnen sasacilo Sedegs, romelic gamoixateboda fraziT – oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekrulebis`ganuxreli dacva da sruli gamoyeneba~. meore dilas yvela Tanaxma iyo, me ki viswavle, ras niSnavs`solomonuri~ gadawyvetileba. saRamos brandtma orive delegaciis sapativcemod Tavis rezidenciaSi vaxSami gamarTa. buzis gafrenas gaigonebdiT, rodesac generaluri mdivani – omSi wiTeli armiis politkomisari da vermaxtis ufrosi leitenanti helmut Smidti brZolebis da ruseTSi cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb yvebodnen, miTumetes roca gairkva, rom frontis erTsa da imave monakveTze idgnen erTmaneTis pirispir. aRelveba leonid iliCsac daetyo. sxva arc erT or xalxs ar miuyenebia erTmaneTisTvis aseTi Rrma Wriloba. SiSi da pativiscema igrZnoboda. aeroportSi, gamomSvidobebisas breJnevma mxarze xeli damado da mkiTxa, ukmayofilo saxe ratom gaqvso. evropis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb arasakmarisad vilaparakeT-meTqi, mivuge. dameTanxma; magram damaimeda, pesimisturad nu ganewyobi, yvelaferi kargad iqnebao. oTxi dRis Tavze bavariis miwis mTavrobam federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seitana gancxadeba – saba149

ziso principebis xelSekrulebis dauyonebliv SeCerebis Taobaze, misi akrZalvis mizniT. karlsrueSi zepir mosmenaze mxolod maSin davmSviddi, rodesac vigrZeni, goneba da metyveleba Cveulebisamebr aRmidga. bavariis winaaRmdeg erTxmad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdeg yvela xelSekruleba, rogorc iqna, ZalaSi Sevida. ormocdaaTiani wlebis bolodan moyolebuli, advokatebisa da evangelisturi eklesiis daxmarebiT dawesda federaciul respublikaSi gadmosvlis msurvelTa miRebis sanacvlod gdr-isTvis fulis gadaxdis praqtika. arcerTi mTavroba amiT ar amayobda. dasavleT germaniis mediam icoda, magram`gamosyidulTa~ interesebs icavda da am SemTxvevebs oci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebda. am saqmeebis mogvareba volfgang fogels, gdr-is ndobiT aRWurvil advokats evaleboda. sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris dros gamarTul saubarSi gdr-is sagareo saqmeTa ministrma amixsna:`advokatis arxi SegviZlia davxuroT. awi xom gveqneba sakonsulo samsaxurebi~. mec imaves vfiqrobdi. magram aRmosavleT berlinma moulodneli saaxalwlo saCuqari mogvimzada da gamgzavrebis uflebis gacema saerTod Sewyvita, amiT Seqmna e. w.`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ – adamianebi, romlebic nebadarTul gamgzavrebas elodnen. marTalia, yvelas vafrTxilebdi, germanul-germanuli TaflobisTvis eiforias nu ayvebiT-meTqi, magram namdvilad ar velodi, rom nacrisferi realoba ase Cqara dadgeboda. brandtis nebarTviT kols velaparake am orive mxarisTvis uRirs qmedebaze. adamianebiT amgvari vaWroba unda damTavrdes da or saxelmwifos Soris ormxrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvel doneze unda avides-meTqi. 150

kols Sesabamisi kompetencia ar gaaCnda da berlinTan konsultaciis Semdeg politbiuros wevr paul vernerTan Sexvedra SemomTavaza. paul verners Cemi mosazrebebi rom warvudgine, miTxra: Tqven Cemi darwmuneba SeZeliT da federalur kanclers ase gadaeciTo. detalebze ki kolTan moiTaTbireTo. gaxarebulma Sefma bonSi momiloca warmateba. mogvianebiT veneri SemogvierTda da masac miaxara kargi ambavi, is ki afeTqda: es saSinelebaa, awi yvelaferi gaiyinebao. yvelafers dablokaven da`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ moimatebso. or dReSi damidastura kolma, SegviZlia detalebze`amxanag vernerTan Tqveni saubris Sesabamisad~ movilaparakoTo. vili:`xom xedav, gamodis!~ Sexvedramde erTi dRiT adre kolma mizezis dasaxelebis gareSe gaauqma Sexvedra. veners ramdenime dRe dasWirda, rom mosalodneli SeTanxmeba aRekveTa. rutina grZeldeboda. hanoverStraseze Cveni axlad Seqmnili mudmivi warmomadgenlobisTvis Senoba SevarCie da giunter gausi daviTanxme, stilis damamkvidrebel yinulmWrelad emuSava. magram manam ver daviyolieT, sanam vilim ar daarwmuna, ra mniSvnelovani iqneboda misi saqmianoba da misi rCeva kancleris aparatisTvis. aRmosavleT berlinidan xma mogvivida, gromiko mudmivi warmomadgenlobis gaxsnis molaparakebebze xelis SeSlas apirebso. moskovis Careva erTwlian gajanjlebad dagvijda da Tan davinaxeT, rom gdr am umniSvnelo sakiTxis gadawyvetaSic ar iyo damoukidebeli. Cven ki ise unda dagvWira Tavi, TiTqos misi damoukideblobis gvjeroda. 151

veneri am ambis winapiroba erT-erTi saubaria, romelic brandts, venersa da Cems Soris Sedga.`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ Cemi samsaxurSi aryofnis drosac ver gadaiWra. venerma gvacnoba, honekerma mimiwvia qveynidan gasvlis uflebaze samsjelodo. vifiqre, volfgang miSniks waviyoleb(isic masaviT drezdeneli iyo), Tavisufali demokratebis fraqciis Tavmjdomares, politikuri riskis Sesamcireblado. vSiSobdi, ar gauWirdebaT avaria momiwyono. me vuTxari, pirveli kaci Tu gpatiJebs, iseve usafrTxod iqnebi, rogorc abraamis kalTaSi-meTqi. SemaSina misma kategoriulma da xistma pasuxma:`Tqven ar gesmiT! arsebobs raRacebi, rasac ar patioben da ar iviwyebeno~. ar TamaSobda, marTla Zalian eSinoda. Semdeg teqnikuri samzadisis detalebi gaviareT, cudi araferi gvifiqria da yuradReba ar migviqcevia, rom miSnikis mowveva misi aRmosavlel berlineli liberal-demokratiuli megobrisgan droulad mosuliyo. vilimac SeniSna, rom veneri mravlobiTSi gvelaparakeboda. social-demokratebi imTaviTve miamitebi varT komunistebTan SedarebiT.`Tqven~-Si Senc gigulisxma~, miTxra vilim,`da CvenTan xazgasmiT daiWira distanciao~. 152

`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ gadaiWra. venerma 30 maiss honekerTan pirispir Sexvedrisas SeaTanxma qveynidan gasvlis akrZalvis SeCereba; am ukanasknelma ki maSinve miuTiTa Stazis Sefs erix milkes. miSniki erTi dRiT gvian CaerTo molaparakebebSi. saubris Canaweri ar migviRia, kidev ra iTqva, ar viciT. kolTan oficialur molaparakebebSi araferi Secvlila. magram zafxulSi moskovis arxma mravaljer Segvatyobina, rom venerma gdr-is kontaqtebTan kritikuli da upativcemlo komentarebiT moixsenia brandti. brandtma am informaciis mowodebisTvis wyaros madloba SeuTvala. dRemde upatiebelia Cveni gulubryviloba. didi koaliciis dros veneri federaluri ministris rangSi xelmZRvanelobda saerTo germanuli sakiTxebis farglebSi`adamianebis mdgomareobis Semsubuqebis~ Temas, anu advokat volfgang fogelis ZalisxmeviT gamosyiduli moqalaqeebis sakiTxs. federaluri mTavrobis wev­ roba misTvis niSnavda, rom qdk/qsk gaerTianebam aSkarad apatia warsuli. patiebis ganwyoba maSin dasrulda, roca 1969 wels social-liberalur koaliciaSi social-demok­ ratiuli partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare gaxda. qveynidan gasvlis kompetencia isev saministros darCa, amdenad, mTel am kompleqsSi igi araviTar rols aRar TamaSobda. 1973 wlis bolos veneri bundestagis delegaciasTan erTad gaemgzavra moskovSi – es iyo brandtis ganmuxtvis politikis dagvianebuli saCuqari. kancleris aparatSi yvela vTanxmdebodiT, rom`biZas~ es mogzauroba warsulTan SerigebaSi daexmareboda. vizitis kulminacias warmoadgenda Sexvedra mis yofil ufrosTan, boris ponomariovTan. am Sexvedraze kidev ufro augad mouxsenebia brandti, vidre Jurnalistebis winaSe, rogorc arxma Segvatyobina, 153

uTqvams:`is moRalateao~. saagentoebi ki iuwyebodnen: `brandti saqmeebs ver uZRveba. uniaToa. mTavrobac uniaToao~. brandtma es ambavi maincdamainc maSin gaigo, roca federaciuli respublikis gaeroSi gawevrianebis gamo niu iorkSi sityviT gamovida. viziti Sewyvita. vili brazisgan boboqrobda.`ukve kmara. an – is, an – me~. horst graberma maSinve izruna TviTmfrinavze. undoda moskovSi CaekiTxa venerisTvis, raTa masTan erTad Camofreniliyo bonSi da trapidan CamosvlisTanave gaekeTebinebina gadadgomis gancxadeba. vilis vurCie, veners piradad daelaparake-meTqi. am dapirispirebas namdvilad moigebda, magram misi energia sxva saqmeebs ufro sWirdeboda. amitom TviTmfrinavis SekveTa gavauqmeT. maTi saubari veneris TxovniT ase dasrulda:`modi, kidev erTxel vcadoT~. dRemde dardad mawevs da Tavs vidanaSauleb, rom megobars araswori rCeva miveci. vilis amis gamo arasodes usayveduria. * vili brandti sanimuSo magaliTi iyo imisa, rom aucilebeli araa politikam adamiani garyvnas. herbert veneri Zalauflebis motrfiale kaci gaxldaT, romelsac sindisi ar awuxebda, da adamianebs Wadrakis figurebiviT aTamaSebda. brandtma Tavisi pirovnuli Tvisebebi Seurwya sazogadoebis Secvlis farTo politikur xedvas. veneri saocrad gadametebuli warmodgenis iyo sakuTar Tavze, xolo Tavisi poziciis gasamagreblad da imis gasatanad, rac saWirod miaCnda, yvelafers kadrulobda. brandti Tavs Zlierad xalxis samsaxurSi grZnobda, veners ki, 154

sakuTari warsuliT damZimebuls, mxolod ukana rigidan, Tanamdebobis gareSe unda warmoeCina Tavisi upiratesoba. brandts aravisi ar Surda, mxolod sxvisi akademiuri ganaTleba SeiZleboda SeSureboda. veners ki brandtis Surda, brandts SeeZlo siciliT daemtkicebina, rom politika mxolod seriozuli da sastiki saqme ar aris. brandtisTvis veneri usiamovno adamiani iyo, magram ara saSiSi. veners brandti sust pirovnebad miaCnda. am ori lideris pirovnuli da biografiuli sxvadasxvaobani imdenad didi gaxldaT, rom ar SeiZleboda Seqspiriseuli dramatizmiT ar dajaxebodnen erTmaneTs. demokratiaSi sawamlaviTa da xanjliT ar klaven. magram arseboben gamarjvebulebi da damarcxebulebi. gamarjveba jer veneris mxares iyo, radgan brandts ver warmoedgina misi usazRvro usindisoba. sabolood veneri ganadgurda, roca tvinma, misma yvelaze Zlierma iaraRma umtyuna da aRar emorCileboda. 1973 wlis oqtomberSi vili endo veneris aragul­ wrfel bodiSs moskovSi gamosvlis gamo da gaiziara misi Txovna, kidev erTxel vcadoTo. eqvsi kvirac ar iyo gasuli, rom venerma piroba daarRvia da dawera dokumenti, romelSic germaniis politikis Sesaxeb honekerisadmi mimarTul rCevebs ayalibebda. dokumenti iyo misi piradi xelSekruleba gdr-is pirvel kacTan da amiT politikuri centri kancleris aparatidan vener/honekeris gadawyvetilebebis doneze inacvlebda. Cems megobars arasodes Seutyvia is Seuracxyofa, romelic mas am qaRaldiT miayenes. mas arc is gaugia, rom veneri honekers bardeboda, radgan Tavis daweril dokuments`politikur anderZs~ uwodebda, radgan`beds kacisa, romelic politikis wina flangze moRvaweobs, sxvebi gansazRvraven~, Tuki am dokuments Sesabamisad gamoiyeneben. 155

`mosazrebebSi~, rogorc uwodebda Tavis Canawerebs, brandti saerTod aRar figurirebda. xolo mokle versia, romelic venerma 1974 wels moumzada helmut Smidts, aRar Seicavda saxelwodebas`politikuri anderZi~. mTlianobaSi es iyo TiTqmis aRtacebaSi momyvani Sedevri intrigisa, romliTac veneri axal federalur kanclers Tavs warudgenda iseT kacad, romelic yvelafers marTavs. Tumca, Smidti imasac mixvda am dokumentidan, rom veneri brandtis zurgs ukan moqmedebda da honekerTan kontaqtebis Sesaxeb informacias ar awvdida. amgvarad, veneri Smidts Cabarda da axal kanclerTan mWidro kavSiri daamyara. mTeli es ambavi maSin gacxadda, roca greta venerma – misma germa da Semdeg ki colma, oci wlis Tavze es dokumentebi gamoaqveyna. Cven araferi vicodiT, magram brandts da me xSirad gvilaparakia, rodis da rogor daiwyo es yvelaferi, rac mere RalatSi gadaizarda. CvenTvis`biZa~ aRar arsebobda. jer kidev bonSi, Jurnalistobis dros, gavicani axlos veneri. maSin gadmomca Tavisi`aRsarebis~ asli moskovSi gadasaxlebaSi yofnis periodze; kurt SumaxerisTvisac hqonda micemuli. komunistebis mSTanTqavad cnobilma social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomarem komunituri partiis da kominternis funqcioneri maSin gaaTavisufla eWvisgan, farulad isev Zvel rwmenas atarebso. ormocdaaTi wlis Semdegac ver amixsnia, ras eloda veneri, roca Tavisi aRsareba gadmomca. SesaZloa, fiqrobda, rom amerikelebis samsaxurSi videqi da mis nawers maT gadavcemdi, rom Cems ufrosebs masze eWvi gahfantodaT. marTla ase Tu fiqrobda, adamianebi ver scnobia. brandti da me ar gamovricxavdiT, rom sikvdilis muqaris qveS myof veners Tavad gaewira adamianebi moskovSi. 156

erT rameSi vTanxmdebodiT: mxolod imas aqvs ufleba, gaakritikos venerisnairi adamiani, vinc mzadaa, Tavad gaiaros mowamebrivi gza aseT situaciaSi. garda amisa, vendobodiT Sumaxeris Sefasebas, rom veneris gardaqmna social-demokratad damajerebeli iyo. berlinSi brandtma jer kidev 1960 wels miambo veneris mimarT Sinagani gaucxoebis Sesaxeb. mas social-demokratiuli partiis uiRblo Tavmjdomareze erih olenhauerze uTqvams:`eg unda wavides~. Tuki veners brandtisTvis kbilis mosinjva undoda, maSin daaskvnida, sustiao. erTxel rodesac SevniSne, veneri angariSiania da`ase uswavlia~meTqi, davituqse, zedmeti mogdiso. 1960 wlis 30 ivniss bundestagSi gamosvlisas venerma social-demokratiuli partia adenaueris mier dadebuli xelSekrulebebis poziciaze daayena. brandti aRSfoTda, `Cveni partiis gadawyvetilebebs ar Seesabamebao~. erTi wlis winaT gamoqveynebuli`germaniis gegma~ makulaturad gviqcia.`uaresi: arc SeuTanxmebia CemTan~. social-demokratiuli partiis prezidiums marTlac ar umsjelia am Sorsmimaval nabijze.`yvelaze cudi ki is aris, rom igi marTalia~. am epoqaluri gamosvliT venerma Seqmna didi koaliciis winapirobebi. misma gamosvlam daamtkica, rom social-demokratiul partias mxolod federaluri miwis doneze rodi SeuZlia marTva. magram veners arasodes Camouyalibebia sakuTari koncefciebi, arc germaniis gaerTianebis da arc sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Sesaxeb. veneri xelmZRvanelobda, brandti ki mihyveboda. es aRar unda ganmeorebuliyo. mogvianebiT, roca brandtma kanclerobaze ganacxada pretenzia, veneri daemorCila. axal koalicias brandti venerisgan gaTavisuflebad aRiqvamda. veneri albaT mixvda, saxeli da gavlena rom 157

dakarga. ara mgonia, rom es damarcxeba vilis rodesme dauviwya. garkveulwilad leTargias hgavs, rom brandtma uyuradRebod datova, roca meore kabinetis Camoyalibebis miTiTebebi veners portfelSi`daaviwyda~ da helmut SmidtisTvisac ar gadaucia, es miTiTebebi SmidtisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. brandti da me erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis damTavrebamde ar SeiZleboda veners operatiuli kontaqti hqonoda honekerTan. maSin es ukanaskneli me aRar CamTvlida uflebamosilad. preambulaSi honekerisTvis ase mZimed gadasatani`eris~ gareSec daideboda es xelSekruleba. igive iTqmis qveynidan gasvlis nebarTvazec. veneris honekerTan pirvel Sexvedramde operatiuli gavlena ar igrZnoboda. mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyo meore mxaresTan muSaoba, oRond, ufro sakuTari TavisTvis. misi koncefciis mTavari idea iyo, honekerTan erTad, mieRwia germaniis gayofis daubrko­ lebl­ ad SenarCunebisTvis. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas: veneris pirveli Sexvedra honekerTan, 1973 wlis 30 maiss, iyo dasawyisi imisa, rac maT Soris brandtis gadadgomamde gaTamaSda am ukanasknelis zurgs ukan. dRemde sakvirvelia, rogor ar gaviTvaliswineT moskovidan ganmeorebiT miRebuli cnobebi, ven­er­ i brandtis Sesaxeb udierad laparakobso. am yvelafers, komunisturad moazrovneebi, albaT bonis saTaveSi mosvlisTvis brZolad afasebdnen.`axla verafers gavawyobT~, ambobda brandti. hans-iurgen viSnevskim miambo, berlinSi, veneris binaSi SemTxveviT movismine honekers telefonze rasac eubnebodao da amis gamo sul wuxda:`mas Semdeg, rogorc biZam ilaparaka, ukve aRar vici, aris Tu ara igi erTgulio~. 158

* Semodgoma mtanjveli da uRimRamo gamodga. axladSeqmilma garemos federalurma samsaxurma gaiTvaliswina mTeli rigi qalaqebisa, magram berlini ar gaxsenebia. oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebis`ganuxreli dacvisa da srulad gamoyenebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT, umjobesad mimaCnda, rom es samsaxuri berlinSi ganTavsebuliyo. winaswar, rasakvirvelia, moskovisa da aRmosavleT berlinis Tanxmoba dagvWirdeboda. ar megona, genSeri kabinetis Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas maSinve Tu gaasajaroebda. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, aRmosavleT berlinma saSineli aRSfoTebiT gvipasuxa. moskovma ufro Seikava Tavi. breJnevma SemogviTvala:`adre mogividaT gasrolao~. amas droSi daemTxva sajaro samsaxuris profkavSirebis moTxovna xelfasebis orniSna cifriT momatebis Sesaxeb, romelic angariSgauwevlad daayenes da brandtma Cailaparaka:`moskovi, aRmosavleT berlinic ki SeiZleba ufro gamogadges, vidre Seni sakuTari xalxi~. magram ugulod ibrZoda. federaluri samsaxuri mainc gadavitaneT berlinSi. magram xalisi ukve dagvkargvoda. guli gagvinaTa kancleris gadawyvetilebam, Segvefarebina solJenicini, miuxedavad moskovis muqarisa, rom moqalaqeobas CamoarTmevda. gemo CavataneT, rusebiviT formalobebisa da kontrolis gareSe rom gamoviyvaneT aeroportidan da pirdapir hainrix biolTan mivabrZaneT. saelCom uzrunvelyo misi nawerebis transportireba, radgan maT gareSe ver imuSavebda. navTobis fasis pirveli afeTqeba moulodnelad dag­ vatyda Tavs. kabinetSi vilim daufiqreblad hkiTxa ekonomikis ministrs, hans fridrixs, rogor regulirdeba na159

vTobis fasio. manac naCqarevad upasuxa, ar vici, magram Semdegi sxdomisTvis gavigebo. mere ki aRiara, es navTobis didi mwarmoeblebis saqmea da absoluturad gaumWvirvaleo. mec ar davaxane da gamovacxade, problema ar aris, kisinjers davurekav-meTqi. kisinjerma ramdenime dReSi macnoba pasuxi, romelic Cveni ekonomikis ministris cnobas emTxveoda. amerikis mTavrobac ki ver Wvretda globaluri koncernebis globaluri nedleulis globaluri marTvis porcess. gamaognebeli iyo, rom germaniis mTavrobam sam kviraSi Secvala kanonebi da manqanebisgan Tavisufali oTxi kvira dRe gamoacxada. multinacionaluri sazogadoebebis Zalaufleba badebda eWvs dapirispirebuli Zalis arsebobis Sesaxeb, rac ormoci wlis Semdegac upasuxod darCa. `Spigelma~ Cveni mdgomareoba 1973 wlis dekembris mowinave statiaSi Zalian damTrgunvelad, magram sworad Seafasa:`monumenti iryeva~. mixaroda, rom es usixarulo weli iwureboda da brandts vkiTxe, ras ganicdi, samoci weli rom gisruldeba-meTqi. Tbilad gamiRima da mipasuxa:`mniSvnelovans arafers!~. 160

dacema axali startis aRebis gadawyvetilebiT dabrunda Sefi 1974 wlis 24 aprils egviptidan, sadac saxelmwifos prezidents anver as-sadaTs Sexvda. frenis dros kabinetis gadaxalisebaze visaubreT. gamxnevda da 1976 wlis momaval arCevnebamde saxavda gegmebs. kioln-bonis aeroportSi daSvebamde brandtma Tavi gadaiqnia,`ramdeni xalxi gvegebeba, arada aseTi warmatebisTvisac ar migviRweviao~. Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, genSerma misalmebisas acnoba:`am diliT giiomi davapatimreT. ukve aRiara~. es axali ambavi kancleris aparatis ufrosis, grabertisgan gavige da maSinve gamaxsenda baraTi, romelic mis winamorbeds emkes davuwere, roca damekiTxa, georg leberi da herbert erenbergi vinme giunter giiomis daniSvnas mTxoven, miuxedavad imisa, rom gdr-idan ariso. rasakvirvelia, ar vurCie:`SeiZleba usamarTlod veqceviT am kacs, magram kancleris aparatisTvis Seuferebelia~, emkes aRaraferi uTqvams. sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis molaparakebebis dasrulebamde ramdenime dRiT adre giiomi Cems kabinetSi gamomecxada. saidumloebebs veRar gascemda. Cemi baraTi saqmeSi ido, rogorc saqmis keTilsindisier warmoebas Seefereba. rodesac emkes es ambavi Sevaxsene, mipasuxa, Seni gafrTxilebis mixedviT giiomi Cvens sam161

saxurebs, rogorc jer aravin, yvelanairad Sevamowmebine, radgan uaryofiTi veraferi ver upoves, mizezi aRar mqonda, ratom ar unda dameniSnao. brandti da misi garemocva, etyobodaT, seriozulad ar aRiqvamdnen am saqmes. momdevno dReebSi, Cveulebisa­ mebr imarTeboda Sexvedrebi. Cven am ambavs sensaciad ufro aRviqvamdiT, SesaZloa, skandalad, magram arc saSiSroebad da arc krizisad. dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar gamoTqmula sityva`gadadgoma~. rodesac iusticiis ministrma gerhard ianma brandts Ziebis Sedegebi Seatyobina da uTxra, giiomi ambobs, masTan qalebi mimyavdao, bradtma gaixumra:`netav ra goniaT, ramdeni SemiZliao~. TviT sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris, giunter nolaus, veneris ndobiT aRWurvili piris da imasaviT drezdenelis, Ziebis Sedegebzec, mxolod aRSfoTda da ikiTxa, kidev ras SeiZleba movelodeT am qveyanaSio. amasobaSi jaSuSobaSi ki aRar iyo saqme, romlis winaaRmdegac jer araferi hqondaT, rac sasamarTloSi gamodgeboda, aramed mTavrobis meTauris piradi cxovrebis kvlevaze. mas ki leTargia mosZaleboda da mogvianebiT gakeTebul`CanawerebSi~ am ambis gamo Tavs imunaTebda. brandtis kabinetSi SeelTan erTad ganvixileT viTareba.`batono federaluro kanclero, jaSuSobis ambavs cali xeliT avlagmavT~. Tavisufali demokratebi Tqven gverdiT arian. axla meore xelic gvWirdeboda. vilis vurCie, yvelaferi imazea damokidebuli, veneris uRalato mxardaWeraSi darwmunebuli viqnebiT Tu ara da jer es gavarkvioT-meTqi. sakuTari fraqciis upirobo mxardaWeris gareSe kanclerobas ver SeinarCunebda. es ki maisis dasawyisSi miunsteraifelSi gadawydeboda, social-demokratiuli partiis umaRlesi donis Sexve162

draze profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelebTan. wina saRamos gausi da me Sefs kabinetis gadaxalisebaze da aRmosavleT berlinSi mudmivi warmomadgenlobis gaxsnaze vesaubreT. mogvianebiT quCaSi gaviseirneT da yovelgvari xelsaWidi mizezis gareSe vigrZeniT, rom vili danebebas apirebda. miunsteraifelSi dapirispirebulTa Sexvedras mowmeebi ar hyolia. sarwmuno mxardaWeris sityvebi brandts venerisgan ar mousmenia. arasasurvelma Sedegma im Ramesve gadadgoma gadaawyvetina. federaluri prezidentis saxelze gadadgomis werili Sin dawera da waukiTxa ruTs, romelmac mouwona:`sworia. vinmem unda aiRos pasuxismgebloba~. pirveli, rac 6 maiss miTxra Tavis kabinetSi:`yvelaferi damTavrda!~. venerTan saubris bolos vilim dasZina, jer Tqven midiT fraqciaSio. gzaSi vfiqrobdi, veneri rom ara, Cemi megobari isev im adgilas iqneboda-meTqi. moulodnelad mklavze veneri Semexo:`axla mWidrod unda viTanamSromloT, kargad dafiqrdi, Cveni saerTo saqmis gamo~. momeCvena, rom uZiro ufskrulSi viyurebodi.`nuTu Tavisi usindisobis Tanamzraxvelad unda rom gamxados?~ rodesac vili fraqciis darbazSi Semovida, veneri, rogorc aseT dros ician xolme, yvavilebis TaiguliT miesalma da daiyvira:`Cven yvelas gviyvars is!~. cremli veRar Sevikave am naZirlobis da farisevlobis Semyurem. mxolod oci wlis Semdeg gavige, rogor mivrcelebda tyuilebsa da ciliswamebas veneri honekerTan. es, albaT, maSinac mSvenivrad axsovda, roca`Cvens saerTo saqmeSi~ mWidro TanamSromloba SemomTavaza. gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg aRmoCnda zogierTi, romelTac viTom Tu marTla undodaT vilisTvis azri SeecvlevinebinaT. vicodi, rom epoqa mTavrdeboda. megob­ 163

risadmi siyvarulma gadawona saxelmwifos winaSe movaleoba. vurCie, gadadgomis gadawyvetilebas nu SecvlimeTqi. axla mis xelSi iyo yvelaferi. sxva SemTxvevaSi ar moasvenebdnen, kuTxeSi miimwyvdevdnen, gaanadgurebdnen. ar miecemoda amosunTqvis saSualeba. imisgan gaTavisufleba, rasac ori wlis Semdeg,`TviTkastrireba~ uwoda, upirispirdeboda fiqrs, rom venerma ajoba. gadadgomidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg moiwadina Seetyo, sinamdvileSi ra roli iTamaSa venerma. es Cans mis`CanawerebSi g.-s saqmis Sesaxeb~. jer kidev maisis bolos daiwyo vilim Canawerebis mowesrigeba, romelic Semdeg ganavrco. am Canawerebis ormoc gverdze meti adasturebs, rogor daJinebiT cdilobda gaerkvia, ram gamoiwvia kanclerobis iZulebiTi dasasruli. giiomis dapatimrebas igi uyurebda rogorc uwindeli Secdomebis gamoaSkaravebis mizezs. TviTkritikulad aRiarebda, rom gamoepara da araferi iRona genSeris groteskul Tavxedobaze, romelmac giiomis dapatimrebamde TiTqmis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi federaluri kancleri satyuarad gamoiyena. verafriT ieWvebda safuZvlianad im kacze, romlis gvari`g~-Ti iwyeboda, Tanac, roca masze Tveebis ganmavlobaSi araferi siaxle ar mouxsenebiaT. usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis gaugonar Secdomas, aRar eTvalTvalaT eWvmitanilisTvis, daemata TviT giiomis aRiareba, dapatimrebisas rom gamoacxada, gdr-is erovnuli armiis oficeri varo. mtkicebulebebi mis winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvras ar eyofoda. brandtis`Canawerebi~ umTavresad utrialebs eWvs, icoda Tu ara venerma honekerTan amaRlebis dResaswaulze Sexvedrisas giiomis Sesaxeb, rac savaraudod veRar damtkicdeboda. sruliad warmoudgenelia, rom veners 164

da honekers, 24 aprils giiomis statusis gamoaSkaravebis Semdeg da brandtis gadadgomamde, mTeli ori kviris ganmavlobaSi, gaxSirebuli saubrebisas ar exsenebinoT jaSuSi. upasuxod rCeba kiTxvac, rodidan icodnen da ar gaumxiles brandts genSerma, nolaum da venerma saxeli`giiomi~. vilis gadadgomis meore dRes breJnevma slavas daarekina CemTan. generalur mdivans lamis pirad Seuracxyofad miuCnevia, rom honekerma kremlsa da bons Soris urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis Semdeg jaSuSi ar moiSora. amas ar apatiebso. breJnevma sakuTari binidan, Ria satelefono xazze agina honekerso. brandtis gadadgoma misTvisac mZime dartymaao. es evropul politikas gaarTulebso. magram ver warmomidgenia, rom dagrovili ndobis kapitali daudevrad movisroloTo. vilim lakoniurad upasuxa, am umZimesi mdgomareobis yovel wams mjeroda`Tqveni keTilganwyobiso~ da awic vimegobroTo. erTi kviris Semdeg breJnevma daudastura,`axalma situaciam ar unda Secvalos Cven ors Soris arsebuli keTili urTierTobebi~. mas Semdeg, rac orma qveyanam bevri saerTaSoriso problemis gadaWris saerTo gza gamonaxa, imedi maqvs, axali federaluri mTavroba imave Rirebulebebis erTguli darCebao. brandtma droebiT Sewyvita masTan miwer-mowera da daarwmuna, far-xmals ar davyri da Tavs ar daviSureb, rom Cemma memkvidrem uklebliv miiRos yvela saukeTeso gamocdilebao. gadadgoma`samwuxarod, aucilebeli iyo~. es aris brandtis pirveli werilobiTi TviTSefaseba marcxis Semdeg. magram 1974 wlis maissa da seqtembers Soris gakeTebuli misi`Canawerebi g.-saqmeze~ sapirispirosac cxadyofs: rom gadadgoma aucilebeli ar iyo da obieqturad, misi Tavidan acileba SeiZleboda. brandts mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi miaCnda, rom istoria ar icnobda iZulebiT gamowveul Sedegs, da rom 165

yvelaferi adamianebis qmedebaze iyo damokidebuli. is, rom namdvilad arsebul SeTavazebebs Soris yvelaferze pasuxismgebeli kancleris roli airCia, icoda, rom mxolod gadadgomamde miiyvanda. realurad es araswori iyo, qveynis interesebisTvis aranairad aucilebeli da evropis istoriisTvis usargeblo. vamCnevdi, rogor xangrZlivad awvalebda es problema am TviTkritikul adamians, roca wlebis Semdeg, markus volfis, gdr-is jaSuSuri qselis Sefis werili miviRe. igi aRwerda, rom mas arasdros hqonia ufleba honekerisTvis giiomis problemis Sesaxeb moexsenebina. es milkes privilegia iyo. giiomi misTvis, volfisTvis, warmoadgenda yvelaze did marcxs, romlis gamoc Zalian wuxda. me momando, meTqva brandtTan mis aRsarebaze. vilis reaqcia aseTi iyo:`axla es aRaraferSi gamomadgeba~. kidev ufro mogvianebiT – ukve hamburgis mSvidobis kvlevis institutis samecniero direqtorad rom vmuSaobdi – falinma mkiTxa, romelic 1992 wels, Cemi mowveviT, ori semestris ganmavlobaSi muSaobda institutSi da augStainis binaSi cxovrobda, markus volfTan Sexvedra xom ar gindao. mindoda; Tundac imitom, rom gamego, honekerma icoda Tu ara giiomis Sesaxeb.`es mec mainteresebs~, iyo brandtis reaqcia. falinma miTxra, stalinidan gorbaCovamde(!) yvela generaluri mdivani piradad zrunavda maRali kategoriis jaSuSebis bedzeo. radganac milkes aparati kgb-s Seqmnili da Svilobili iyo, davaskveni, rom honekerma moityua, roca mere ganacxada, giiomis Sesaxeb araferi vicodio. vilim Tavisi`Canawerebi~ moulodnelad aseTi SeniSvniT daasrula:`Sexvedra SorfhaideSi 1973 wlis maisis bolos: veneri, honekeri, miSniki~. swor gzaze idga. 166

rac volfma miambo, brandts aRar gaugia. giiomi, norvegiidan ukan rom brundeboda, sadac vilis gahyva SvebulebaSi piradi referentis rangSi da sadac moipova wvdoma saidumlo dokumentebze, jgufs daSorda da dokumentebis aslebiT savse Cemodani kuriers gadasca. kurieri mixvda, rom uTvalTvalebdnen da Cemodani mdinare rainSi Caagdo. masSi arsebuli saidumloebebi aRmosavleT berlinma da danarCenma msofliom mxolod diuseldorfis miwis sasamarTlo procesze gaigo, romlis drosac braldebuli giiomi dumda. anekdotia: sasamarTlom uneburad gasca saidumloeba. * vilis 1978 wels sisxlis mimoqcevis kolafsi daemarTa da saavadmyofoSi moaTavses. rogorc ruTi miyveboda, eqimi analizebze dayrdnobiT varaudobda, rom noembris dasawyisSi, amerikaSi mogzaurobisas, SesaZlebelia, infarqti gadaetana fexze. saavadmyofo Zalian TavSekavebulad da taqtianad agvarebda lojistikur problemebs, romelic vilisa da brigite zeebaxis mWidro megobrobas axlda Tan. mogvianebiT brigitesTan erTad gaemgzavra safrangeTis samxreTSi dasasveneblad. iq Sevxvdi, SeferTxils da garujuls. seirnobisas momca werili ruTisTvis da mTxova, gadaecio. ganqorwineba ar surda da ruTs sTxovda, uari ar eTqva. ruTma werili waikiTxa da mkiTxa, Tu ici, ra momwerao da rogorc ki vupasuxe, vici-meTqi, maSinve mtkiced da gadaWriT Tqva:`ara, me mas gaveyrebi~. 167

Smidti da brandti 1974 wlis Sobaze vilim momwera:`saSinlad rTuli weliwadi gvqonda, Sen erT-erTi umciresTagani xar, vinc daaxloebiT ici, CemTvis ras niSnavda es weli – srulad mgoni jer TviTonac rom ver aRmiqvams~. axali kancleri brandtis, veneris da Smidtis sameulSi yvelaze umcrosi gaxldaT. vercerTi ver itanda dasaxelebas`troika~ da ara mxolod imitom, rom samkuTxedis urTierTobebi yovelTvis rTulia. TiTeuli maTgani Zlieri, ganumeorebeli pirovneba iyo. maT erTmaneTTan partiisadmi erTguleba aerTianebdaT. am sami adamianis gareSe qveyanaSi da qveynisaTvis Zalaufleba verc gaizrdeboda da verc SenarCundeboda. samive maTgani sufTa sindisiT ixedeboda ukan, sakuTari warsulisken, Tumca venersa da brandts samarcxvino, Sida politikiT motivirebuli Tavdasxmebi ar dahklebiaT, ris Tavidan acilebasac Smidti cdilobda. ebraeli babua rom hyolia, pirvelad misi megobris, Jiskar d estenisgan gavigeT. igi Tavis mogonebebSi yveboda im xanmokle kolafsis Sesaxeb, Smidts parizSi rom daemarTa. SeeSinda, vkvdebio da safrangeTis prezidents guli gadauSala. Smidtis TanxmobiT Jiskaris mier am ambis gaxmaurebas CvenTan didi rezonansi ar gamouwvevia. kan168

clersac ar endomeboda Tavisi biografiis dakavSireba antisemitizmTan, am usasrulo TemasTan. 1974 wels brandtis gadadgomiT dasrulda struqtura, romelic partiis Tavmjdomareobas da mTavrobis meTaurobas erT pirovnebaSi aerTianebda. gayofili funqciebi gansxvavebul pasuxismgeblobas qmnida. wonasworobis SenarCunebis xelovnebis aTviseba brandtsa da Smidts jer win hqondaT. Tavmjdomare partiis saqmeebs uZRvnida mTel Tavis Zalisxmevas, uZveles partias nebismier mTavrobaze didxans unda earseba. federaluri kancleri ki bundestagis momaval arCevnebze zrunavda – arCevnebSi mTavari kancleria. orive marTali iyo da, aqedan gamomdinare, daZabulobis dabalanseba yovelTvis ar gamosdiodaT. sagareo politikis sferoSi es SedarebiT ioli aRmoCnda. Smidtma Taviseburi, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli urTierToba Camoayaliba moskovTan. breJnevs werilebs TviTonve swerda da leosac uSualod esaubreboda. Sedegad, leo Smidts ufro didxans elaparakeboda xolme, vidre brandts. Zalian moulodneli aRmoCnda CemTvis, rodesac, erT-erTi Sexvedrisas, Smidtma uceb ikiTxa, Tanaxmaa Tu ara moskovi, rom federaciulma respublikam Tavisi savaluto rezervebis nawili niu iorkidan moskovSi gadaitanoso. manamde sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelobisTvis aseTi moumzadebeli kiTxvebi ar dagvisvams. Smidti dasturs moeloda, magram Semdeg Sexvedraze upasuxes, jer adreao. marto rom davrCiT, vkiTxe, aseTi nabijis gadadgma federaluri bankis prezidentis, karl oto piolis ukiTxavad Tu SeiZleboda-meTqi. Smidtma damamSvida, amaze ar iRelvoo. mxolod ori Sexvedris Semdeg gadmomca leom generaluri mdivnis SekiTxva, Tu dageTanxmebiT, 169

ras unda velodeT, me ar damiZalebia kanclerisTvis am kiTxvis dasmao. amis Taobaze SemdgomSi arcerT mxares aRar ulaparakia. 1978 wels bonSi meore vizitisas, breJnevs ukve aSkarad etyoboda fizikuri da enobrivi SezRudvebi. igi daeTanxma Smidtis megobrul mipatiJebas hamburgSi, mis myudr­o saxlSi. saubrisas Smidtma aRniSna, Tqven arasodes momityuebixarTo. keTili ganzraxva hqonda da moskovisTvis eWvis gafantvas isaxavda miznad, maT ainteresebdaT, marTla apirebda Tu ara kancleri aRekveTa evropaSi axali amerikuli raketebis ganTavseba. magram sityva`motyuebas~ brandtis dros arasdros ar vixmardiT, gafacicebul rusebs es ar gamohparviaT. brandtisa da breJnevis kargi urTierTobebi`xels aravis uSlida~. ndobis atmosfero isev sufevda maT Soris, vili kmayofili iyo, kancleris`arxs~ isev me rom warvmarTavdi. Smidti daarwmuna, CemTvis gadmoebarebina ganviTarebis daxmarebis saministro.`saqmes ar avnebs, Tu zrdasruli adamiani Caibarebso~. 1976 wels, rodesac holger boirneri visbadenSi gaamweses, partiis Tavmjdomare da kancleri SeTanxmdenen: me unda gavmxdariyavi federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli. uxalisod davemorCile, Tumca, maT gamocdilebaze metyvelebda, rom Cems erTgulebas endobodnen. 1980 wlamde sakanonmdeblo vadis saarCevno kampaniis momzadeba gadavibare. mere ki, is saministro airCie, romelic gindao, Sempirda Smidti. ase aRmovCndi me, ubralo kaci, or winaswarmetyvels Soris. kancleris aparatSi saxelmwifo ministris Tanamdebobaze rekomendacia hans-iurgen viSnevskis gavuwie, raTa Tavidan amecilebina partiasa da mTavrobas Soris daZabuloba, Tumca yovelTvis ar xerxdeboda. 170

sagareo politikis sferoSi, yvelgan, sadac saSinao da sagareo politika ikveTeboda da sxvadasxva interesebi ejaxeboda erTmaneTs, iSviaTi ar iyo gaRizianeba da konfliqtebi. SemTxveviT ar xdeboda, rom partiis Tavmjdomaresa da kanclers gansxvavebuli prioritetebi hqondaT. amas emateboda sakoalicio partnioris faqtori. hans-ditrix genSers surda gamxdariyo pirveli sagareo saqmeTa ministri, romelsac opoziciac dauWerda mxars. mogvianebiT, roca`qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan iyo koaliciaSi, maSinac amas cdilobda. Cven ki`ganmuxtvis realisturi politikis~ aucileblobaze gvesaubreboda, `gaerTianebis~ partniori rom gaxda, mere`ganmuxtvis politikis gangrZobiTobas~ usvamda xazs. 1981 wlis aprilSi, rodesac kancleri saudis arabeTidan dabrunda, koaliciis viwro wreSi iTqva, rom Smidti saudis arabeTisTvis, sxva iaraRTan erTad, leopardis tipis tankebis miyidvis valdebulebas grZnobda. genSers arc ki uTqvams da arc – ara. me social-demokratiuli partiis gadawyvetilebebi Sevaxsene, romelic daZabulobis regionebSi iaraRis miwodebas krZalavda. genSerma aRniSna, es saqme gadavdoT, sanam social-demokrati megobrebi SigniT garkveulano. bwyinvaled vimoqmedeT: kanclerisTvis ar gviwyeninebia, ise davasruleT saubari da davasamareT Tema. genSeri SmidtTan mimarTebaSi ara mxolod taqtikur upiratesobas avlenda, aramed did diplomatiur niWsac, rac qveyanas gaerTianebis wina periodSi Zalian waadga. adreve mixvda, gorbaCovs unda vendoT da mxari unda davuWiroTo, mere dasavleTSi am pozicias agdebiT`genSerizmi~ uwodes. genSeris faqtori mets iwonida, vidre misi partia. 171

usafrTxoebis TemaSic ZalTa msgavsi gadanawileba warmoiSva. brandti uSurvelad aRiarebda Smidtis upiratesobas strategiul sakiTxebSi. rodesac Smidti 1979 wlis dasawyisSi gvadalupis araformaluri samitidan dabrunda da viwro wreSi iq ganxiluli natos ormagi gadawyvetileba ganmarta, skeptikurad ganwyobilma partiis Tavmjdomarem xazi gausva, winapirobad sabWoTa kavSirTan gulaxdili molaparakebebi ar dagvaviwydes, sanam kancleri germaniis miwaze amerikis saSualo manZilis raketebis ganlagebis Tanxmobas ganacxadebso. es ukve sul sxva ambavia, rom genSerma 1982 wlis Semodgomaze ise imoqmeda, TiTqos social-demokratiul partias kanclerisTvis SeiaraRebis saqmeSi mxardaWera ar gamoecxadebinos, maSin, roca sinamdvileSi Tavis axlo megobar helmut kolTan erTad ukve SeTanxmebuli iyo axal koaliciaze. Smidti genSers yovelTvis uyurebda, rogorc brandtis arcTu sasiamovno danatovars. brandts SeeZlo partiis Tavmjdomareobis paralelurad kancleric yofiliyo; Smidtma icoda, rom partiis Tavmjdomaris rangSi erTobas ver SeinarCunebda. Cemi TandaswrebiT daadastura, rodesac vili kancleris axal aparatSi ewvia. brandtis mkacri stilis gamo bevri Cioda, amitom masac mouwia dafiqreba disciplinis Serbilebaze. brandti uyvardaT, Smidts pativs scemdnen. federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi programa social-demokratiuli partiis mTavari moTxovniT gan­ vamtkice. TiTeul adamians unda SeeZlos Tavisi una­ rebis Rirseuli ganviTareba. kmayofili viyavi; am dros wavikiTxe telegrafis cnoba, natom neitronis bombis SemoReba gadawyvitao. es bombi adamianebs daxocavda, magram xidebsa da Senobebs ar daazianebda. es adamianur 172

Rirsebas ewinaaRmdegeboda. Jurnal`forvertsisTvis~ davwere da aRSfoTeba gamovxate statiaSi –`azrovnebis garyvnileba~, romelic brandts vaCvene. miTxra, xvalamde moicadeo. rodesc statia gamoqveynda, federalurma prezidentma Seelma damireka da mirCia, azrs nu Seicvli, miuxedavad imisa, rom verafers miaRwevo. kanclerisTvis amas usiamovneba unda moetana. magram Semdeg prezidentma karterma dagegmil neitronul iaraRze xeli aiRo, ramac mis mimarT Smidtis kritikuli ganwyoba damatebiTi argumentebiT gaamyara. Cemi statiis gamo kanclers sayveduri arasodes gamouTqvams. kabinetis wevri rom gavxdi, Smidtsa da brandts Soris gansxvavebebi aRmovaCine xelmZRvanelobis stilSi. Smidti calkeuli Temebis mimarT Tavis pozicias gamoxatavda da maincdamainc kmayofili ar iyo, roca genSeris eleganturobis wyalobiT Secvla uwevda – aseTi iyo misi marTvis stili. kabinetis social-demokrati wevrebi Tavs grZnobdnen saxelmwifo mdivnis rolSi, maT kolegebs Tavisufali demokratebis partiidan ki srulfasovani ministrebiviT eqceodnen. sxdomebi nel-nela Semoklda. Smidtic, brandtiviT, boloSi ikiTxavda xolme, kargi anekdoti vin iciTo. brandti kolegebs alaparakebda da bolos avlenda Tavis gansacvifrebel unars, Camoeyalibebina daskvna, romelsac mere yvela eTanxmeboda, rogorc gadawyvetilebas. es iyo misi xelovneba – integracia Zaldautanebeli marTvis gziT. partiis gamgeobis sxdomebze Smidti sqeli saqaRaldeebiT cxaddeboda, dokumentebs amuSavebda da`mosawyen laqlaqSi~ ar ereoda. rodesac 1983 wels, arCevnebSi damarcxebis Semdeg, brandtma partiis axali programis momzadebis idea gaitana, Smidtma es zedmetad miiCnia.`gaer173

Tianebisa~ da Tavisufali demokratebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelTac programa saerTod ar sWirdebodaT, diskusiis procesi social-demokratiul partias integraciisa da sakuTar TavSi dasarwmuneblad aucileblad esaWiroeboda. Sedegi gacxadda 1989 wels, berlinis kedlis dangrevis Semdeg, qveynis sruliad Secvlil viTarebaSi. 1979 wlis bolos slavam damireka, kanclerisTvis mniSvnelovani da saswrafo ambavi maqvso; Smidts bramis tbaze, agarakze mivageni. Sobis wina dReebi iyo da mwyra­lad Semxvda. leos flensburgSi davxvdi da SmidtTan miviyvane. iq gviambo:`avRaneTSi SevediT. erTi erTeuli daeSva aerodromze da sasaxleze miitana ieriSi. ukve yvelaferi momTavrebulia. xelisufali amini mkvdaria. memkvidre ukve daniSnulia. amerikelebma albaT ukve didi xania ician~. Smidtma upasuxa, karga xani dasWirdeba, sanam viTareba Cacxreba da gamoCndeba, ra mdgomareobaSia msoflioo. breJnevs Cveni arxiT madloba SeuTvala drouli SetyobinebisTvis. rodesac marto davrCiT, aSkarad daZabulma miTxra:`Cveni megobrebisgan araferi Semityvia. vnaxoT, erTi, rodis gamoCndebian~. ramdenime kviris Semdeg, saxelmwifo departamentSi stumrobisas, TavianTi ucnauri qceva amerikelebs sulac ar auxsniaT. amaze vilis komentari:`mikvirs, rom gikvirs~. wesiT, saarCevno kampania partiis centraluri ofisidan unda imarTebodes, magram mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miReba kancleris aparatSi gardauvali iyo. 1980 wels arCevani Smidtsa da Strauss Soris maincdamainc Zneli ar unda yofiliyo. Cveni strategiis pirveli sayrdeni iyo helmut Smidti. meore sayrdenad SegveZlo gveRiarebina codna, Tu rogor xorcieldeba ganmuxtvis politika. magram Semdeg, poloneTSi daZabuli md174

gomareobis gamo, kanclerma honekerTan SeTanxmebuli Sexvedra gaauqma. radioTi Sevityve amis Sesaxeb. Strausma yiJina dasca da ganmuxtvis eiforiis marcxi gvamcno. pirveli sayrdeni 0 , 3 procentiT mets Tu mogvitanda wina arCevnebTan SedarebiT. arCevnebis dRemde ori kviriT adre vilis samgverdiani xelnaweri miviRe, igi Tavs gariyulad grZnobda: `Tavmjdomarisa da Seni monawileobiT dagegmili preskonferencia rom kanclerisa da Seni gamosvliT Seicvala, saarCevno kampaniis Stabis Canaweridan gavige~. kaci, romelsac arCevnebi erTxel ukve moego, Tavs daviwyebulad grZnobda, plakatebsa da satelevizio reklmebSic. ` 5 oqtombris Semdeg partiam unda gadawyvitos, moxeles an referents meti ufleba aqvs Tu Tavmjdomares. Tu saWiro gaxda, partia gaarkvevs... Zvirfaso egon, rom ar meTqva, ar SemeZlo, Seni v.~. Cemma megobarma mTeli ukmayofileba Cemze gadmoanTxia. aba ra unda eqna? es werili aRarasdros uxsenebia. aseTi iyo vili: emociuri, koreqtuli boRmas gulSi rom ar Caixvevda. 1981 wels helmuts msubuqi kolafsi daemarTa. Sewyvetili saubris gagrZeleba movindome. didi da damfrTxali TvalebiT miyurebda. ramdenime wuTi ugonod viyavi, mokle mexsierebis aRsadgenad sabuTebs vkiTxulob da Tavidan vswavlobo. maSinve vilis Sevatyobine da davZine: `Tuki pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse helmuti amas ver daZ­ levs, gadadgeba~. vilim mipasuxa:`vnaxoT, uqmeebis mere gamoCndeba~. Cemma megobarma giunter ferhoigenma, amJamad dasustebuli Tavisufal-demokratiuli partiis generalurma mdivanma, Sewuxebulma miTxra, Cveni partiebis Tavmjdomareebma TavianTi garTulebuli urTierToba 175

aucileblad unda moagvarono.`Tu ver moaxerxeben, koalicia daiSleba~. davamSvide, axali wlis dReebi uSfoTvelad gadaivlis da mere vilaparakoT-meTqi. Tumca amaze laparaki saWiro aRar aRmoCnda. 1982 wlis seqtemberSi koalicia daiSala. wlebis mere gairkva, rom brandti Tavis mogonebebze muSaobda. Smidtisgan miiRo werili, romelic wamakiTxa. `unda, rom CemTan kinklaoba moamTavroso~, ixumra. marTlac undoda. vilis sikvdilis Semdeg fridrix ebertis fondi didxans exveweboda ukve oTxmocdaaTs miRweul Smidts brandtTan mis urTierTobaze elaparaka. igi pasuxobda, saamiso Zala aRar Semwevso, magram mzad var am Temaze gamocdilebis mqone romelime pirovnebas vesaubroo da Cemi gvari dausaxelebia. liubekSi Catarebuli RonisZieba istoriulze metad saxaliso gakveTilad iqca, arc natos ormag gadawyvetilebaze dagvixuWavs Tvali.` We agree to desagree ~ – SeiZleba iTqvas daskvnis saxiT. Cven isev SegveZlo Tvali gagvesworebina erTmaneTisTvis. rodesac vilim sabolood migvatova, helmut kolisadmi Cemi pativicemis miuxedavad, helmut Smidti gaxda germaniaSi`didad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo moRvawe~, romelsac ara marto pativs scemdenen, aramed Seiyvares kidec. 176

meoTxe nawili – rwmena axali dasawyisi ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federalur ministrad rom warmadgina, axalma kanclerma didsulovnad mirCia: `rac ginda, is akeTe, oRond ar gamabrazo~. ganviTarebis ministrs, rogorc mas SemoklebiT uwodebdnen, TanamdebobiT ekuTvnis msoflio bankis mmarTveli sabWos wevroba. msoflio bankis Sefi robert maknamara bolos samocian wlebSi vnaxe, vilisTan erTad, pentagonSi. maSindelma Tavdacvis ministrma optimisturad dagvixata vietnamSi amerikelebis strategia. axla pozicia Seecvala da damajereblad zrunavda yvela Rarib ganviTarebad qveyanaSi mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebis gaumjobesebaze. msoflio bankis yrilobis farglebSi Sevxvdi robert maknamaras. jer himalaiSi dauviwyari mogzaurobis Sesaxeb miambo, mere ki Tavisi idea gamacno: gaeros damoukidebeli komisiis Seqmnas vgegmav, romelmac siRaribis daZlevis koncefcia unda SeimuSavos, sul cota, msoflios am dauZleveli problemis gadaWris saorientacio gzaze. am komisiis saukeTeso Tavmjdomared vili brandti mesaxebao. neta Tu daTanxmdebao? bonSi rom davbrundi da vilis vacnobe, didad ar gaxarebia, radgan saqmeSi sakmarisad garkveuli ar iyo. vuTxari, mTeli Cemi saministros kompetencia SegiZlia gamoiyeno-meTqi da ase gavuqarwyle eWvebi. misi Tanxmoba erTmaneTis Semavsebel or mosazrebas eyrdoboda. erTi 177

mxriv, sulac ar iyo mimzidveli, mxolod social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris rangSi ukana xazidan gaeZlierebina kancleri da meore mxriv, momxibvlelad esaxeboda, emogzaura mesame samyaros qveynebSi da axal problemebsa da adamianebs gascnoboda. CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiam brandti mesame samyaros mxurvale advokatad aqcia. wevrebs unda moegvarebinaT CrdiloeTsa da samxreTSi maTi warmomadgenlebis interesebs Soris dapirispireba. dasavleTs, sxvaTa gverdiT, britaneTis yofili premieri edvard heTi da Svedi olof palme warmoadgendnen. komisiaSi amerikelebic monawileobdnen, sabWoTa kavSiri ki gaemijna. brandtma breJnevTan Tavisi kontaqtebis wyalobiT miaRwia, rom moskovis msoflio ekonomikis da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis cnobil instituts komisiis eqspertebi mainc mi­ eRo. sabWoTa mecnierebi saerTaSoriso diskusiebSi mon­a­ wileobas iRebdnen da xSirad gamoxatavdnen wuxils, rom maTi mTavroba Tanamedrove miRwevebis ukan miCanCalebda. mxolod 1980 wels usafrTxoebisa da ganiaraRebis Temaze Seqmnil palmes komisiaSi miavlina moskovma monawileebi. CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiis sxdomebSi, romelTac me stumris statusiT veswrebodi, SeiaraRebaze gamoyofili uzarmazari Tanxebis Semxedvare samxreTis warmomadgenlebi prioritetad siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZolis gamocxadebas iTxovdnen. didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda maT darwmunebas, rom mesame msoflio omis Tavidan acileba ufro didi prioriteti iyo. mxolod maSin SeZlebda CrdiloeTi mTeli Zala siRaribis dasaZlevad miemarTa. dResac mrcxvenia, rom civi omis dasasrulis Semdeg arc mdidar industriul da arc ganviTarebad qveynebs TavianTi danapirebi ar gaxsenebiaT. 178

brandtis komisiis yvela wevrs, rogorc mas male ewoda, aerTianebdaT Tavmjdomaris avtoritetisa da Sors­ mWvretelobis pativiscema. brandtis mier 1980 wels wardgenil moxsenebaSi,`uzrunvelvyoT gadarCena~ ganixileboda iseTi globaluri problemebi, rogoricaa SimSili, mosaxleobis zrda, energia, nedleuli, vaWroba, valuta, investiciebi da organizaciebi – rasakvirvelia, mSvidobian droSi, agreTve Raribsa da mdidars Soris solidarobis pirobebSi. aravis moxvedria TvalSi, rom naklebad mcired moixsenieboda demokratia da saerTod ar iyo saubari adamianis uflebebze. federaciul respublikaSi moxseneba memarcxeneobis gamoxatulebad aRiqves da gaakritikes kidec. usafrTxoebaze amerikelebi zrunavdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom mosaxleobis umetesobas mzardi keTildReoba ufro ainteresebs, vidre RatakTa mimarT solidarobis zrdao. 1985 wels vili brandtma gaeros Stab-binaSi mesame msoflios premia miiRo. sapremio TanxiT bonSi Seqmna ganviTarebisa da mSvidobis fondi, romlis avtoritetsac dResac pativs scemen da afaseben. komisiaSi moRvaweobis damTavrebis Semdeg, brandti politikurad da ideurad ufro marcxniv gadaixara, vidre manamde. 179

usafrTxoeba visTvis? berlinis kedlis aRmarTviT miRebuli damTrgunavi gancda, rom Senze ZlevamosilTa gavlenis obieqti xar, gaiZulebs sakuTar interesebs sustis poziciidan Sexedo. brandtisaTvis da cxadia, CemTvisac frangi generlis, Sarl de golis didebuli pirovneba iyo saukeTeso magaliTi imisa, Tu ras SeiZleba miaRwios sami kidev ufro Zlieris gaerTianebam – vaSingtonma, londonma da moskovma. amave dros, misi roli gafrTxilebad unda migveRo: masStaburi aRiarebisTvis, romelsac misi politikuri avtoriteti namdvilad Seesabameboda, safrangeTi mcire asparezi iyo. sakuTari Zalebis marTebul gamoyenebaze iyo damokidebuli, ampartavnoba tragikul marcxamde miiyvanda Tu realizmi – moulodnel warmatebamde ufro Zliers dasWideboda. es warmoadgenda brandtsa da Cem Soris mravaljer gamarTuli saubris amosavals, germaniisaTvis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis kompleqsis ganxilvisas. brandtma 1964 wels Foreign Policy Association -Si sityviT gamosvlisas pativiscemiT moixsenia de goli da Tanac ritorikulad ikiTxa:`mainc ratom sul is?~ aRelvebuls am kiTxvisTvis pasuxi ar gaucia, usiamovnebas moerida. generals vumadlodiT samSobloebis evropul ideas da 180

aqedan gamomdinareobda, rom federaluri respublikac SeiZleboda sakuTari moTxovnilebisa da sakuTari interesebis mimdevrad darCeniliyo da amave dros, aliansis erTgulic. kidev ufro Sors Tu wavalT: eri evropaSi rom ar STainTqa da amerikis qveSevrdomebic rom ar viyaviT. generlis komentari atomur iaraRze dRemde ZalaSia: arcerTi qveyana ar uziarebs sxvas am iaraRis Taobaze gadawyvetilebas, arc Tavis saukeTeso megobars, radgan am iaraRis gamoyeneba gansazRvravs sakuTari eris beds, xolo aseTi gadawyvetilebis sxva qveynisTan gaziareba, gamoricxulia. es elementaruli Sexeduleba elementaruli iaraRis mimarT, rac artileriis ganviTarebaze ufro metad mniSvnelovania, brandtma politikurad ase gaSifra:`oTx gamarjvebul Zalas SeuZlia momavalSic ikamaTos 999 sakiTxze. magram erTSi Tanxmdebian: germanelebi arasdros ar unda flobdnen atomur iaraRs~. am Sexedulebas iziarebda brandti 1962 wels kenedisTan saubarSic. uazrobaa dagegmili multilateraluri atomuri Zalis gaSveba zRvaSi, birTvuli monawileobis STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelado. es alianssac ki azianebs, radgan kapitani amerikeli unda iyos da atomuri iaraRic amerikelebma unda gamoiyenono. aliansis sxva wevrebi mzareulebis, cecxlfareSebis da mezRvaurebis rols unda dasjerdneno. kenedim amoisunTqa. orivem, ase rom vTqvaT, floti manam CaZira, sanam zRvaSi gavidoda da sxvebsac da sakuTar Tavsac seriozuli usiamovneba aacila Tavidan. brandtma berlinis kedlis aRmarTvis magaliTidan gamoitana dask­vnebi. arc berlinisTvis iomebda ori didi Zala, rogorc kenedim moswera. sicocxlis bolomde ar 181

dasWirvebia azri Seecvala: orive super-saxelmwifos Tavisi interkontinenturi atomuri iaraRiT hqonda Zalaufleba da pasuxismgebloba da isini veravin CaiTria atomur konfliqtSi, radgan klasikuri gagebiT`gamarjvebas~ vercerTi moipovebda. riski Zalian didi iqneboda. maT urTierT Soris aRmarTes atomuri fari, romelmac Tavad isini, maTi mokavSireni da yvela danarCeni daicva. dRes viciT, rom man germaniis gaerTianebasac ki gauZlo. es atomuri fari akavSirebda dromoWmul wuxils. amasobaSi, samxedro TvalsazrisiT ararelevantur germaniasa da germaniis usafrTxoebaze safrangeTis atomur suverenulobasTan erTad, man maSinac ganapiroba, rom evropaSi atomur Zalas ar earseba. evropis TviTdamkvidreba dResac konvenciuri jaris doniT ifargleba. brandts principulad sjeroda, rom evropaSi mSvidobis SenarCunebis saqme vaSingtonisa da moskovis gareSe ar gamovidoda. es geostrategiuli rwmena aTwleulobiT gahyva da ver Searyia veranairma mwvave movlenam, verc natos ormagi xelSekrulebis gamo dapirispirebam oTxmociani wlebis dasawyisSi. brandts arasodes SeSinebia, rom ori didi Zala movlenebis ganiviTarebaze kontrols dakargavda. msoflio politikur realobaze orientacia damajereblobas matebda mis xedvas. erTi magaliTi: jon makkloim, aSS-s yofilma maRali rangis komisarma federaciul respublikaSi, samociani wlebis dasawyisSi erTxel viwro wreSi vaxSamze dagvpatiJa. es is dro iyo, roca de golma ingliss uari uTxra evropis ekonomikur gaerTianebaSi miRebaze da aliansis samxedro organizaciidan gasvlas fiqrobda. makkloi gvarwmunebda, germanelebma unda SeaCeroTo da 182

dagvemuqra:`Tu amas ar izamT, aqedan jars gaviyvanTo~. brandtma mSvidad miugo:`ar mjera~. brandtma icoda, rom usafrTxoebis sakiTxSi aRmatebuli, upiratesi pozicia ekava.`raketebis dasaTvlelad, maTi moqmedebis manZilis gansasazRvrad da muqaris TeoriebisTvis arseboben Tavdacvis ministrebi da eqspertebi~. Smidtsa da mec gvgulisxmobda.`maTze Tu midga saqme, ese igi, politikam Caisvara. politikam unda SeZlos, rom maTi wuxili da Teoriebi arasodes gamovcadoT~. SeiZleba qedmaRluri mogCvenebodaT misi naTqvami, magram marTali aRmoCnda: omi ar dagvtexia Tavs. raRa azri aqvs imaze msjelobas, ra daujdaT saxelmwifoebs samxedro-teqnikuri aRWurva. Cven, evropelebi sworad moviqeciT, rom politikuri goniereba davayeneT samxed­ ro saqmeze win. brandts yovelTvis ainteresebda politikur-strategiuli sakiTxebi. amis saukeTeso magaliTia breJnevTan Sexvedra yirimSi 1971 wels. moskovis xelSekrulebis gziT, politikuri CarCos dagegmvis Semdeg, unda gvepova Warbi Cveulebrivi iaraRis Semcirebis gza da amgvarad meti usafrTxoebisTvis migveRwia orive mxaresTvis, Tanac ise, rom arc­erTi ar dazaralebuliyo. saaTobiT vukirkitebdiT Sesatyvis frazebs Cveni miznis misaRwevad. Cveulebrivi SeiaraRebis Semcirebis xelSekrulebas Semdeg ewoda MBFR – urTierTSeTanxmebuli Semcireba. samxedro saqmeze pasuxismgebelTa Caketil wreSive CaixSoboda, gorbaCobs rom ar gadaerCina. varSavis xelSekrulebas saxelmwifoe­bi maSinac icavdnen, roca igi aRar arsebobda. SeTanxmeba yvela monawilis intersebs Seesabameboda. 1981 wlis zafxulSi brandtma moskovuri STabeWdilebebis kvaldakval gagviziara mosazreba, rom or mxares 183

Soris nulovani gadawyvetileba gaaqrobs Sesabamis amerikul da sabWoTa raketebs frangulisa da britanulis xelSeuxeblado. bonSi am ideas`ararealuri~ uwodes da mxari ar dauWires. rodesac ronald reiganma gorbaCovTan zustad es moilaparaka, germaniam erTxmad dauWira mxari. brandtis politikur-strategiuli Wvretis unari, samwuxarod, misi gadadgomis Semdeg, gamouyenebeli darCa. * henri kisinjerma brandtsa da Smidts gamorCeuli pirovnebebi uwoda. maT Soris msgavsebac iseTive saocaria, rogoric gansxvavebao. rodesac 1970 wels brandts Sevatyobine, rom Smidtma Tavis amerikel kolegasTan, melvin lerdTan erTad aRkveTa baltiis zRvidan biomis tyemde asobiT amerikuli atomuri naRmis gadatana, pasuxmac ar daayovna:`erTi sazrunaviT naklebi gveqnebao~. da Segvaqo, rom es sanimuSo qmedeba ar gasajarovda, ar iyo saWiro, xalxi zedmetad SegveSinebina atomuri safrTxiT. mogvianebiT daeTanxma Cvens mcdelobas, romelic Smidtma da me erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad wamoviwyeT – aRgvekveTa amerikuli raketebis miwaze ganTavseba, amerikuli wyalqveSa navebis da frTiani raketebis aRWurvis moTxovniT. amerikelebi ambobdnen, teqnikurad SeuZlebeliao. rodesac es procesi axali saSualo manZilis raketebis miwaze ganlagebisas SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda, Tavi motyuebulad vigrZeniT. kisinjeris erT-erTi vizitisas, romelic amasobaSi sagareo saqmeTa ministri gamxdariyo, strategiuli iara184

Ris Semcirebis Sesaxeb JenevaSi mimdinare molaparakebebis mdgomareobiT davinteresdi. rodesac henrim detalurad daiwyo moyola, Sevawyvetine:`amdeni wvrilmani ra saWiroa. me is mainteresebs, iqneba Tu ara Sedegi da rodis. absoluturad gvjera, rom dasavleTis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Secdomas ar dauSvebT~. Smidts rom vuyvebodi am saubris Sesaxeb, omaxianad da xmamaRla Semawyvetina:`arasworad moqceulxar! detalebi unda gamogekiTxa henrisTvis. Zalian gvainteresebs, sasicocxlodac ki~. brandtma Tavi gaiqnia: eWvi mepareba, rom germanias rame gavlena eqneba sakiTxze, romelsac mxolod amerikelebi da rusebi wyveteno. igi xedavda Cveni SesaZleblobebis da Zalauflebis sazRvrebs. amasTan, igi xedavda da aRiarebda, rom 1980 wels moskovis samxedro xelmZRvanelobasTan Smidtis saubrebis Sedegad, bons, rogorc partniors strategiul sakiTxeb­ Si, angariSs uwevdnen. magram bolos mainc vaSingtoni da moskovi gadawyvetdnen yvelafers. Cven maTi gadawyvetilebis obieqti viqnebodiT – iqneboda es orive germanul saxelmwifoSi raketebis ganlageba Tu maTi Semdgomi gadawyvetileba raketebis isev gatanis Taobaze. brandtis gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis miuxedavad, mas kargad esmoda kancleris imedgacrueba, roca igi arc saqmis kursSi Caayenes da arc araferi SeuTanxmes, roca amerikelma da sabWoTa momlaparakeblebma pol nitcem da iuli kviCinskim Jenevis maxloblad tyeSi cnobili seirnobis dros miaRwies molaparakebebis Sedegs, romelic SmidtisTvisac sruliad misaRebi aRmoCnda. brandti Smidtis im midgomasac eTanxmeboda, rom ga­ damwyvet momentSi bundesverisTvis ukanaskneli brZanebis gacemis ufleba mas hqonda: ar damorCilebodnen ame185

rikelebis mier atomuri iaraRis gamoyenebis brZanebas, romelTaTvisac gaTvaliswinebuli iyo lancis raketebiT germanuli danayofebis aRWurva. liubekamde da hamburgamde wvdomis unariT yvelafers gaanadgurebdnen, rac daucavi iqneboda. brandti Smidts eTanxmeboda, rom zarali germaneli xalxisTvis unda aecilebinaT, Sesabamisad, germaneli xalxis keTildReoba ufro maRla unda dagveyenebina, vidre natosi. da mainc, partiis Tavmjdomare aseT situaciaSi aRmoCnda: erTis mxriv unda gaemagrebina kancleris pozicia, meore mxriv – SeenarCunebina partiis erToba da Tan ar unda daekarga gavlena samSvidobo moZraobaze. konfliqti daprogramirebuli iyo mas Semdeg, rac Smidti kanclerobiT Semoifargla da partiis momavali brandts gadauloca, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, siamovnebiT Tu piriqiT. raketebma sakuTari dinamika ganaviTares. orive germanuli saxelmwifo maTi mflobelebis mZevlebad iqca. perSingebs Svidi wuTi sWirdebodaT moskovamde, gdr-Si ganlagebul sabWoTa raketebs maqsimum ori wuTi, rom amerikuli raketebi gasrolamde gaenadgurebinaT. arc adamians da arc teqnikas ar hqondaT Secdomis daSvebis ufleba. Smidti ver aRudgeboda federaciuli respublikis, rogorc miznis singularizacias. kviCinskim moskovSi damidastura:`ramdenic gindaT, imdeni perSingi ganalageT. Cven maTi mogeriebisTvis mzad varT~. vinc pirveli daaWers TiTs Rilaks, upiratesobac mas eqneba. federalurma kanclerma perSingis raketebis ganlagebaze Tanxmoba warmatebul molaparakebebs daukavSira da amiT SeinarCuna wnexi moskovsa da vaSingtonze. Cemi varaudi, rom amerikelebs sulac ar undodaT dadebiTi Sedegis miRweva, mogvianebiT strob talbotma daadastura 186

Tavis wignSi`raketebi saWadrako dafaze~, igi am sakiTxSi kargad erkveoda, Tanac klintonis administraciaSi sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile gaxldaT. maT Cveni gacureba surdaT. kolis wyalobiT es aRar dasWirdaT, man germaniis moTxovnebi moxsna. bedma gagviRima. raketebis sakiTxSi partiis da federaluri mTavrobis winaSe, agreTve, dasavleli da aRmosavleli partniorebis winaSe pasuxismgeblobas vgrZnobdi: Cems midgomas raketebis ganlageba SeeZlo Seeferxebina. raketebi sindisis sakiTxad iqca; maTi Sekaveba ukve SeuZlebeli iyo. me, rogorc federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli ver ganvacxadebdi Cemi rwmenis sapirispiros. 1981 wlis bolos gadavdeqi da federalur kanclers Sevatyobine, momavalSi`Cemi mTavari sazrunavi iqneba SeiaraRebis Semcirebis politikuri mxare, radgan mimaCnia, rom es iqneba momavali wlebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, sxvaTa Soris, partiisTvisac~. brandts Cemi gadarwmuneba arc ucdia. dainteresda, awi ras apirebo. vupasuxe, ganiaraRebisTvis vibrZoleb-meTqi. Cailaparaka:`mTeli darCenili sicocxle dasWirdeba mag saqmes~. marTali aRmoCnda. 187

partniori – amerika miuxedavad pasuxismgeblobis gansxvavebuli sferoebisa, brandti da Smidti erT sakiTxSi Tanxmdebodnen: amerikis gareSe araferi gamovidoda. orivem icoda: 1953 wlis 17 ivnisis sahaero xidi, aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebi, oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba berlinis Sesaxeb da sabaziso principebis xelSekruleba, helsinkis 1975 wlis daskvniTi aqti da 1991 wlis samSvidobo xelSekruleba, romelsac, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ase ar uwodebdnen – amerikis mxardaWeris gareSe istoria sxvanairad ganviTardeboda. Riad darCeboda, rodis da rogor daibrunebda germania 1945 wels raixis mier dakargul SeuzRudav suverenitets, an saerTod daibrunebda Tu ara SeerTebuli Statebis Tanadgomis gareSe. natos arsebobis aucileblobas civi omis dasrulebis Semdegac, orive aRiarebda. amerikelebis interesebi rom ar SeizRudeboda, marSalis gegmisas ukve gamoCnda. uaRresad mWidro atlantikuri kavSirebis, maTi istoriuli da ekonomikuri fesvebis da saerTo Rirebulebebis SefasebaSic eTanxmebodnen erTmaneTs. aliansi Tavis wevrebs hpirdeboda usafrTxoebis organizacias, marTvas da koordinacias gareT da stabilurobas SigniT, Tu ger188

mania uflebebs gadaaWarbebda, rac im qaosSi, romelsac evrokavSiri ewodeba, warmoudgeneli iyo da aris. `nato amerikis sakuTreba ar aris~ – Smidtis es sakmaod xmamaRali gansazRvreba, romelSic Tanasworuflebianobis moTxovna, amerikisgan emansipaciac gamosWvioda, brandts arasodes moadgeboda pirze. ara mxolod imitom, rom xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixedviT swori, magram politikurad araswori iyo, aramed imitom, rom realobas mainc ver Secvlida. am dros, kacma rom Tqvas, isic imaves fiqrobda; magaliTad, roca ambobda:`evropaSi federaciul respublikas naTesavebi hyavs, amerikaSi – partniorebi. visac evropis TviTgamorkveva surs, vaSingtons ar unda gadaulocos es saqme. amerikas, evropis ZiZas, aTwleulebis manZilze, es unda Seecno. es Seesabameboda`evropis evropeizaciis~ formulas, romelic Cemma ufrosma megobarma, peter benderma daamkvidra. magram ultimatumis eniT laparaki, romelic dapirispirebis sababs iZleva da realobas mainc ver Secvlis, brandts ar axasiaTebda. mis sagareo politikur msoflmxedvelobas ufro Seesabameboda formula – isic da isic. am midgomiT Tavs ise myarad grZnobda, rom aqa-iq Tu vinme dascinebda, arc aRelvebda da arc azrs Seacvlevinebda. warmodgena, rom brandtis megobruli grZnobebi amerikis mimarT arakritikuli iyo, maamebluri an uproblemo, absoluturad arasworia. niu iorkSi jer namyofic ar viyavi, roca Cemi usazRvro aRtaceba am qalaqis mimarT safuZvlianad Seirya. samociani wlebis dasawyisSi `valdorf-astorias~ mimdebare quCebSi davseirnobdiT, am sastumroSi vcxovrobdiT, rodesac brandtma amixsna, ratom ver grZnobda Tavs aq kargad:`es aris ampartavnobis da arogantulobis niSani, mTeli es caTambjenebi ada189

mianis gazviadebuli warmodgenis gamoxatulebaa. aq rom rame moxdes!~ brandti yovelTvis adamianuri ganzomilebis erTguli iyo. robert maknamaram sarwmunod agvixsna, ratom moigebda amerika oms vietnamSi. Semdeg brandts gavende, amerikis Tavdacvis ministri valter halStains maxsenebs, misi gdr-is mimarT erTaderTi warmomadgenlis doqtrinis gamo-meTqi: Senoba STabeWdilebas axdens, sanam ar mixvdebi, rom Seuferebel adgilas dgas. vilim mipasuxa, am wuTas tipiuri amerikuli ampartavnobis magaliTi movismineT, materialuri da teqnikuri swrafvis gamo adamianebs arasaTanadod afaseben, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme exeba egreT wodebul`CamorCenilebs~ ganviTarebadi qveynebidano. erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, rom amerika vietnamSi oms waagebda. mxolod is ar vicodiT, rodis da rogor. brandtma xazi gaavlo koreasa da kubis winaaRmdeg `Rorebis yureSi~ warumatebel operacias Soris da ormag fsiqologiur tvirTze miuTiTa, romelic warmatebiT ganebivrebul qveyanas daawveboda: rogor gadaamuSavebda wagebasa da tvirTs, Tuki demokratiuli super-saxelmwifoc SeiZleboda aRmoCeniliyo damnaSave? amis gacnobierebam mas Tavisi qveynis SigniTac Camouyaliba pozicia, amerikis mimarT kritikuli azri, arasodes gamoeTqva raoden popularuli ar unda yofiliyo.`gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil megobars unda daexmaro~. politikur vaSingtons es damokidebuleba SeumCneveli ar darCenia. niu iorkSi seirnobisas vilis ar gamohparvia civi, mtruli mzera, romliTac feradkanianebi xvdebodnen quCaSi. Tvalebs Wutavda, roca mZRoli RilakiT gviketavda manqanis karebs iseT kvartlebSi, sadac TiTqos arcerTi TeTrkaniani ar cxovrobda. qveynis regeneraciis gasaoca190

ri Zalis miuxedavad, feradkanian da TeTr saxelmwifoebs Soris daZabulobas ar gamoricxavda – Sefaseba, romelic mogvianebiT Searbila. am winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse kontinentis, saxelad aSS-s mimarT didi keTilganwyobis miuxedavad, sadac TvalsaCinoa civilizaciis miRwevebi, uxvadaa araCveulebrivi fondebi da, meore mxriv, Znelad gasagebi kanonebi iaraRis Sesaxeb da sikvdiliT dasja – evropeli brandtisTvis es qveyana gaucxoebulad darCa. iq Tavs Sin ver grZnobda. magram amerikis roli ucvleli rCeboda. 191

satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde mihyavxar(evropa) axali federaluri kancleris, vili brandtis pirveli sagareo politikuri qmedeba evropas eZRvneboda. ufro zustad: amayobda, rom 1969 wlis dekemberSi haagaSi safrangeTis prezident JorJ pompidusTan da oTxi sxva qveynis mTavrobebis meTaurebTan erTad mwvane Suqi aunTo inglisis gaerTianebas evropul TanamegobrobaSi, rasac didxans ewinaaRmdegeboda safrangeTi. demokratiis samSoblos da skandinaviuri elementis gareSe – mas evropa Znelad Tu warmoedgina. is, rom safrangeTi inglisis gverdiT Tavs ukeT igrZnobda, rodesac germanelebi aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT gaaaqtiurebdnen ganmuxtvis politikis gatarebas, ar aRelvebda. wlebis Semdeg amovikiTxe jorj kenanis mogonebebSi: – roca 1949 wels vimogzaure evropaSi, mivxvdi, rom evropuli gaerTianebis yvela warmodgena marcxiT damTavrdeboda, romelic kontinentze inglisis sabolood mibmas gadawyvetdao; britaneTis gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebi aSSsTan yovelTvis prioritetuli darCebao. – oTxmociani wlebis dasawyisSi gavumaxvile yuradReba vilis kenanis prognozze, romelic amasobaSi bevrjer gamarTlda. misi Cveuli fraza movismine:`eg adre unda geTqva~. 192

amas maSin unda mivmxvdariyaviT, roca brandti 1962 wels londonSi sityviT gamovida da leiboristuli partiis TavmjdomareTa Soris evropis mimarT yvelaze keTilganwyobilma hiu geitskelma wesierad arc ki mousmina. brandtis mier gamoTqmuli rwmena, inglisi evropis nawiliao, xmamaRali SeZaxilebiT miiRes. gaitskeli mikrofons mivarda da siCume moiTxova`Cveni wyalgaRma megobrebisTvis~. es xumroba ar iyo. ara marto la manSze Camowolili sqeli nislis dros aRiqmeboda britaneTis kunZulze evropa ucxo kontinentad – es ganwyoba hqonda yvela partias da Seesabameboda sazogadoebis saerTo ganwyobasac. 1970 wlis TebervalSi erTxel, sadilobis Semdeg, uecrad mkiTxa gromikom:`rodis iqneba, rom evropa erTi xmiT ilaparakebs?~ am wuxilis mizezi evropis ekonomikur gaerTianebas moskovisTvis erTxel ukve mieca. me vupasuxe:`oc weliwadSi Tavidan mkiTxeT~ is ki daeWvebuli CameZia:`marTla ase fiqrobT?~ kanclers rom vuambe da Tan davarwmune, rom marTla ase vfiqrobdi, misma reaqciamac ar daayovna:`gamous­ worebeli defetisti xar~. ver warmoedgina, rom es pro­ cesi amden xans gaWianurdeboda. rasakvirvelia, wamiT ar ufiqria, rom germaniis gaerTianebas ufro swrafad mivaRwevdiT vidre evropis qmediTunarianobas saerTaSoriso sarbielze. ormoci wlis Semdeg darwmunebiT isev Zneli saTqmelia, rodis mivaRwevT erTi xmiT laparakis gacxadebul mizans. erTxel vilim misayvedura, saTanadod ar gainteresebs evropao, vupasuxe, eqvsi dedaqalaqidan TiTeulSi zis sul cota eqvsi uaRresad gonieri adamiani, romlebic am Temaze muSaoben. hoda, aravis avnebs, me aRmosavleT evropas Tu mivxedav-meTqi. 193

rasakvirvelia, brandtma didad gaixara, ganmuxtvis politikam iseTi Sedegi rom gamoiRo, romelmac evropa Secvala. magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis, qvevidan ganxorcielebuli wnexis saSualebiT ecada, evropa metad daefrTianebina. kabinetis erT-erT sxdomaze isev imaze vmsjelobdiT, rogor mogvexerxebina, rom evropuli sabWos Semdegi sxdoma cota ufro mniSvnelovani da saintereso gagvexada. aRar maxsovs, vis moafiqrda pirvels evropuli arCevnebis Catarebis idea. am ideam mogvnusxa da aRgvafrTovana. brandtma maSinve gaaqarwyla sawinaaRmdego argumenti, evropis parlaments konpetencia saerTod ar gaaCniao:`parlamenti Tavad moipovebs saWiro uflebebs~. ase Catarda 1979 wels evropuli parlamentis pirveli pirdapiri arCevnebi. brandti iyo siis pirveli nomeri, Tavis SecdomaSi darwmunebas moeswro. evropis gaerTianeba gamofxizlebis nel gzas daadga, romelic dResac ar dasrulebula. britaneTis politikam daamuxruWa da matarebels Seaxta, ufro efeqturi damuxruWebis saSualeba rom moepovebina; ukeTesi kontrolisTvis briuselSic ki Cavida da megi TetCerma bolos ukan moiTxova`Tavisi fuli~. kisinjeri Cioda, evropas romel telefonze davureko, ar vicio, Tumca didad es ambavi ar aRelvebda. brandti sakmaod Wkviani iyo imis misaxvedrad, rom evropis gareT did qveynebs mxolod sakuTari interesebi amoZravebdaT, sxvanairad verc iqneboda. saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba evropas keTil survilebs ugzavnida, magram aRar sjeroda, rom igi aTwleulebis win dadebul fics Seasrulebda. am Temaze eWvis gamoTqma ar SeiZleboda: veravin uar­ yofda, rom ekonomikurma TanamSromlobam natvra aaxdina. faqtiurad, warmoudgeneli gaxda evropul saxelm­ wifoebs 194

Soris omebi, maTi mWidro kavSirebis gamo. meore msoflio omis Semdeg miRweuli es didi warmateba erovnuli suverenitetis evropaze gadanawilebas moiTxovda. es rTuli ar aRmoCnda, radgan aRmosavleTis safrTxis winaaRmdeg usafrTxoebis garantias amerika iZleoda natos saSualebiT. rodesac 1969 wels de golma Tanamdeboba datova inglisis, norvegiis, daniis da irlandiis gaerTianebaSi Sesvlas win araferi edga(mxolod vilis norvegielebma Tqves uari plebiscitis gziT), evropul gaerTianebas 1973 wlis pirvel ianvars sami axali wevri SeuerTda. brandti imediT aRivso, rodesac CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiis wevri da inglisis istoriaSi evropisadmi yvelaze keTilganwyobili konservatori politikosi edvard heTi britaneTis mTavrobis saTaveSi movida. misi marcxis Semdeg iseTi imedgacruebulebi aRar vyofilvarT, roca Semdgomma leiboristulma mTavrobebma aSS-sTan gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebis prioriteti SeinarCunes. sabWoTa kavSiris mSvidobiani dasasrulis Semdeg aR­ mo­savleTidan samxedro muqara aRar ismoda. axla upriani iqn­e­boda, evrokavSirze nacionaluri suverenitetis gadatana gagrZelebuliyo, miTumetes, rom maastrixtis xelSekrulebam erToblivi sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis gza gakvala. magram aRmosavleTidan mosalodneli muqaris gareSe da kontinentze amerikis Semdgomi darCenis imediT, evropis saxelmwifoTa nawils egona, rom patar-patara omebis warmoebis fufuneba eqnebodaT, Tanac, riskis gareSe. maastrixts 1992 wels, vili brandtis gardacvalebis wels, Tormetma wevrma saxelmwifom moawera xeli. ase aRsrulda misi zrunva evropaze, romelic mas ase uyvarda. 195

aTi wlis Semdeg SemoviReT saerTo valuta, inglisis gareSe. britanuli interesebis Sesabamisad, gaerTianeba gafarTovda, magram ar gaRrmavebula. amasobaSi evrokavSirs ocdaSvili wevri hyavs, kidev sami`karze akakunebs~. yoveli axali wevris SemomatebiT ufro Zneldeba misi marTva. amerikas SeuZlia wynarad iyos: inglisi vaSingtons aZlevs garantias, rom evropuli saxelmwifoebis mZlavri gaerTianebis magivrad, SeuZlia bevr qveyanas elaparakos. amasobaSi mwifdeba azri, rom evropis TviTgamorkveva mxolod evros valutis mqone qveynebis jgufSi aris SesaZlebeli, maSasadame, didi britaneTis da evrokavSiris sxva qveynebis gamoklebiT. aucileblad unda gadailaxos evropis aRmosavleTad da dasavleTad dayofis Zveli sqema da poloneTi mainc, albaT CexeTic, unda SeuerTdnen evros zonas. brandti imedgacruebiT Seafasebda dRevandel process Tu pragmatulad, ver getyviT. mgonia, rom evrozonasa da evrokavSirs Soris gadauWrel daZabulobas ver warmoidgenda. mahaTma gandis Zaladobaze uaris Tqmis politikam ind­oeTis kontinents didi britaneTisgan politikuri da­moukidebloba moutana. evropis TviTgamorkveva, amerikis usafrTxoebis proteqtoratis rangSi, ucvlelad grZeldeba. Tuki vaSingtoni da moskovi ver moaxerxeben erToblivad moigerion raketebi, SeiZleba Sedegad evropa xelaxla gadaiaraRdes, maT Soris, germaniac. SesaZlebelia ganmuxtvis politikis dasasruli dadges, rasac brandti verc ki warmoidgenda. 196

Seican Tavi Seni bevrjer uTqvamT, brandtis gamonaTqvamebi winaswarmetyvelebas hgavso.`Seican Tavi Seni~ – kunZul delfize apolonis taZris warwera, vili brandtis, rogorc adamianis Sesacnobadac gamodgeba. Tuki cxovrebam raime gakveTili Cautara, upirveles yovlisa, is, rom mbrZaneblobis unari ar gaaCnda. Tavs Tavisufal adamianad grZnobda, ufro Tavisuflad, vidre qveyana, romelSic igi dabrunda. da mainc uwevda Segueboda dauZlevel garemoebebs. saxeobaTa Sesaxeb moZRvrebaSi Segueba warmatebis receptia gadarCenisTvis brZolaSi. brandtma es meTodi manam gaiTavisa, sanam berlinis mmarTveli meri gaxdeboda. undoda damajerebeli yofiliyo da arafers dagidevdaT, rom berlinis konstitucia mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencias ar aniWebda. konsensusis gziT gamarjvebis miRweva iqca mis Zlier mxared; es Tviseba federaluri kanclerobis drosac gamoavlina. horst emkem moswrebulad SeniSna:`ufrosis rolSi yofna ar uyvars~. didxans grZnobda Tavs sxvaTa da garemoebaTa`gavlenis qveS~. xandaxan minatria, vilis meti simtkice gamoeCina partiis SigniT masTan dapirispirebulTa winaSe. roca saTanado rCevas SevTavazebdi, moWriT mpasuxobda:`es me ar var. es ar minda~. 197

roca erTxel dananebiT vuTxari, mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetenciis Zalauflebriv instrumentebs ar iyeneb-meTqi, Tavi aarida pirdapir pasuxs: es mxolod erTxel SeiZleba gamoiyeno, kerZod, koaliciis dasasruleblado.`mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencia amowurulia, roca partniori mas ar emorCileba~. erTi piroba, gadadgomamde cota xniT adre, fiqrobda, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri genSeri xom ar gavaTavisufloo, magram gadaifiqra, radgan amiT koaliciac daiSleboda. maxsendeba, angela merkelma rogor gadaylapa zeehoferis muqarebi da riosleris SantaJi – darwmunebuli var, ar daviwyebia. vercerTs ver moxsnida, Tu kanclerad darCena undoda. norbert riotgeni ki martivad Caanacvla peter altmaieriT. CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiaSi Semavali ocdaerTi pirovneba – industriuli, ganviTarebuli da ganviTarebadi qveynebis warmomadgenlebi, miTiTebebis gacemas miCveulebi iyvnen, miTiTebebis miRebas ki – ara. gansxvavebuli interesebis da SeuTavsebeli poziciebis mqone adamianebis gaerTianeba mxolod erTi saerTo saqmis irgvliv SeiZleboda. globaluri komisiis kraxs gamoiwvevda sakiTxebis kenWisyraze dayenebis mcdeloba. vili brandts hqonda avtoriteti da damajerebloba, grZeli da momqancveli debatebis bolos mainc axerxebda saerTo miznis Camoyalibebas. rac samarTliania, yvelasTvis misaRebia. es Tvisebebi, romelTac brandti ganasaxierebda, qmnis imis nawils, rasac qarizmas uwodeben. qarizmas fuliT ver iyidi. verc parlamenti an saxelmwifos meTauri moganiWebs mas ordeniviT. arc siRaribe an simdidre ganapirobebs mas; Tumca, garkveuli saxis simtkices aucileblad moiTxovs. aravin icis, ramdenma adamianma Caitana 198

saflavSi gamouvlinebeli qarizma, radgan axalgazrdobis siZneleebma gatexa. Sesabamisad, bedmac unda gagiRimos. da brandts bedis gaRimeba xSirad sWirdeboda, raTa dabrkolebebs ar gaetexa, anda`raixSi~ aralegaluri vizitebisas ar`CaevloT~. qarizmas gambedaobac sWirdeba, rac asve xSirad gamouvlenia, da kidev Zala, damarcxebisas fexze wamodgomis Zala. da mainc, rom SeiZlebodes am Tvisebebis erTmaneTSi ise aRreva, rom an mefistofeli miviRoT da an fausti, qarizma eqneba Tu ara, kacma ar icis. intuiciac saWiroa – roca goneba uecrad gagibrwyindeba da mixvdebi, rom marto gvirgvinis dadeba ar kmara, unda daiCoqo da amas akeTeb kidec. varSavam pirdapir miiyvana mSvidobis nobelis premiamde. es premia brandtisTvis, bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, mTavars – mis `mesTan~ Cveulebrivi damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas niSnavda. jer kidev berlinSi vakvirdebodiT albertci da me, rogor uWirda brandts`me~-s Tqma. an`Cven~-s ambobda, an cdilobda upiro da sxva gramatikuli formebiT esarg­ebla imis saTqmelad, rac`aucilebeli~ an `sasurveli~ iyo. axalgazrdobaSi da emigraciaSi eswavla azrebis frTxili da mSrali Camoyalibeba.`me~ jobda ar exsenebina. es mmarTveli meris da Semdeg sagareo saqmeTa ministris stils bundovans, aramkafios xdida. gvindoda mkafiod dagvenaxa marTvis sadaveebi. rac ar unda vTqvaT,`sasurvelias~ yovelTvis sjobs`me visurvebdi~ an sulac`me minda~. sityva, romelic nobelis premiis gadacemaze warmo­ Tqva, misi metyvelebis stilis saocar gardaqmnas moas­ wavebda. bednieri viyavi, uceb rogor Tavdajerebulad ambobda`me~-s.`da Tuki uflebas momcemT davamato: Cem199

Tvis ramdens niSnavs germaneli xalxis saxeliT Cemi saqmianobis dafaseba. rom wilad mxvda warsulis waruSleli Zrwolvis da mSvidobis nebis erTmaneTTan SeTavseba~. nobelis premiiT daajildoves adamiani, romlis biografiasac wuns ver daudebdi da misi samSoblo. amiT SeeZlo eamaya da amayobda kidec yovelgvari ampartavnobis gareSe. nobelis premiam Cems megobars sakuTari Rirsebis rwmena Semata, Tumca mas es hqonda, magram ar amJRavnebda. `ukanalSi meti intuicia aqvs, vidre zogierTs – Tav­ Si~ – am cota uxams gamoTqmas dResac ucvlelad viziareb. magram intuiciis aucilebeli niWi sakmarisad ver xsnis misi srulyofili qarizmis fenomens. kacma rom Tqvas, brandts Tavisuflad SeeZlo Tavisi warsuliT eamaya. TviTnabadi iyo am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT, sakuTari ZaliT miaRwia yvelafers, damoukidebeli, aravis vali ar hqonda arc finansebis mxriv da arc profesiul karieraSi emarTa vismesi. Tavad iyo sakuTari Tavis patroni da iswavla grZnobebis marTva, imedebis moTokva, gancdebis damalva. introvertul pirovnebad iqca da aravis ikarebda axlos. vinc ruTis da misi vaJebis mogonebebs waikiTxavs, ver aRmoaCens udardel, Tbil, mxiarul ojaxur atmosferos. vili Tavis samyaroSi cxovrobda – emociebiT aRsavse da Tavad mgrZnobiare. samyaro mas sul ufro didi gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebda da aeWvebda, vaiTu ver davZlioo. ar arsebobs profesiuli ganaTleba, romelic gaswavlis mmarTvel merobas, sagareo saqmeTa ministrobas an federalur kanclerobas. mxolod maSin, roca yovelive amas miaRwevda xolme, gamoikveTeboda drodadro, SeZlebda Tu ara Tanamdebobis da amocanebis TavisgarTmevas da kvalis datovebas. Tavad unda epova sakuTari gza samyaroSi. ar maxsendeba, ro200

desme gvesaubros Cven maqsimaze`Seican Tavi Seni~. magram swored es iyo misi amocana – sakuTari Tavis rwmena hqonoda da ar Semdrkaliyo umTavres dabrkolebaTa winaSe, mihyoloda Tavis principul mrwamss, albaT xedvasac da Tan myarad mdgariyo miwaze. vili iyo miwieri meocnebe. Tavis Sinagan kompass endoboda. sakuTari Tavis aseTi rwmena ki iSviaTia, amas hqvia`me~-s suvereniteti. mravali gansxvavebis miuxedavad, aseTi Tavdajereba mxolod adenauerisa da kolisTvis SemimCnevia. boroti da mdabiuri ganzraxviT 1961 wels adenauerma rom brandtis ukanono Sviloba, gvaris Secvla da emigracia aigdo masxrad da Tan amtkicebda, sabWoTa kavSirma kedeli brandtis dasaxmareblad aRmarTao, laparakis unari daakargvina brandts. siZulvilsa da simarTleSi gazavebulma Sxamma daucveli gaxada. Seuracxyves misi biografia, romliTac amayobda. es Wriloba ar moSuSebia, arc aTi wlis Semdeg, osloSi`me~-s gaTavisuflebis Semdeg. aucilebelia Zalauflebis wyurvili, Tu ginda rom marTo. es arc ekonomikaSi, mecnierebasa Tu kulturis sferoSia principulad gansxvavebuli, vidre politikaSi. brandts yvela Tanamdebobaze hqonda marTvis survili, sadac ki minaxavs: berlinSi, partiaSi, sagareo uwyebaSi, socialistur internacionalSi, romelic evropuli organizaciidan globalur organizaciad aqcia, federaluri kancleris Tanamdebobaze da CrdiloeT-samxreTis saerTaSoriso komisiis Tavmjdomareobisas. TiTeuli es posti marTvis meTodebis gansxvavebul moTxovnas saWiroebda. diqtatoris tips araferi gamouvidoda, gindac demokratiis saburvelSi gaxveuliyo. 201

herman hioxerlma, romelmac Semogvinaxa Sinagan saqmeTa federaluri ministrisTvis niSandoblivi gamonaTqvami, mTeli dRe ver virben iRliaSi kostituciaamoCrilio, erTxel dananebiT da mowiwebiT Tqva, brandti am xisti saqmisTvis Zalian rbiliao. marto igi ar Semcdara. swored imitom SeZlo brandtma sxvadasxva amocanisTvis marTvis sxvadasxva modeli moergo, rom jer kidev emigraciaSi iswavla moqniloba. misi antenebi bevr signals ise amuSavebda, rom am mgrZnobiare kacs Tavisi mizanisTvis arasodes uRalatia. bevri ver afasebda saTanadod da egonaT, iolad vmarTavTo. vinc mas`Rrubel vilis~ eZaxda, bolos suleli aRmoCnda. brandti veravin gadaiyvana im gzidan, romelsac Tavisi Sinagani kompasi uCvenebda. vinc TiTqmis ocdaxuTi weli – ufro didxans, vidre vinme bebelis Semdeg – saTaveSi edga social-demokratiul partias, kargad icnobda mis organizacias da meqanizmebs, man icoda, rodis da visTvis unda daereka. eWvi araa: brandts uyvarda Zalaufleba. iq viyavi, rodesac Smidti pirvelad moinaxula kancleris axal aparatSi. Smidtma uTxra:`vili, patieba unda gTxovo. Tavs Zlivs varTmev mxolod am saqmes da simarTle giTxra, azrze ara var, rogor axerxebdi Tan partiis marTvasac. me amas ver SevZlebdi~. vilis aseTi sityvebi siamovnebda. sawyenad ki daurCa, roca mogvianebiT ena miutanes, Smidti nanobs da Secdomad miaCnia, rom partiis Tavmjdomareobac ar moindomao. brandts abrazebda, metic, guls stkenda Smidtis kritikuli da upativcemlo gamonaTqvamebi, Tumca Zalauflebis siyvaruls ar unelebda. man ase icoda Tqma,`rom movindomo, helmuti or kviraSi kancleri aRar iqneba~. brandtis mier Zalauflebis siyvaruli im gamocdilebidan sazrdoobda, rom is iyo social-demokratiuli 202

partiis bolo Tavmjdomare, romelic muSaTa moZraobidan modioda. albaT momavali mravali wlis ganmavlobaSic erTaderTia, vinc partia arCevnebSi did warmatebamde miiyvana. igi pasuxismgeblobas grZnobda Tavisi social-demokratiuli partiis da misi momavlis winaSe da es pasuxismgebloba mis mier Seqmnili koaliciis Semdgom periodsac swvdeboda. Tavmjdomares ufro win unda gaexeda, vidre federalur kanclers, romlis mTavar amocanas koaliciis SenarCuneba da gaZliereba warmoadgenda. Smidts SeeZlo TavisTvis ufleba mieca da mwvaneebze eqilika. brandts ki undoda mwvaneebi SesaZlo partiorebad SeenarCunebina. ver daeTanxmeboda kancleris ganzraxvas, Seekavebina erhard epleri, romelic bonSi did samSvidobo demonstraciaze sityviT gamosvlas apirebda. mas ar undoda da arc hqonda ufleba, daefrTxo axalgazrda Taoba da Tanac mTavrobis meTaurs unda dadgomoda gverdSi. partiis Tavmjdomarisa da kancleris erT pirovnebaSi gaerTianebas ueWvelad aqvs upiratesoba, radgan funqciebis gadanawileba rTulia da or mmarTvel figuras Soris pirovnulad uproblemo urTierTobis drosac ki wamoiWreba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis saWiroeba, romelic am funqciebis gansxvavebuli interesebidan gamomdinareobs. brandtis SemTxvevaSi bedniereba iyo, rom misi `isic da isic~ mis bunebas Seesabameboda. marTalia, am midgomisTvis mas akritikebdnen, magram rwmenaganmtkicebuli vili arasdros ibneoda. misi cxovrebis gzam da Sinaganma kompasma erTi maradiuli ram aswavla:`an-an~, `megobari da mteri~ ufro efeqturia da diqtatoruli, magram upirobo kapitulaciis pirobebSic ar amarTlebs. 203

da miTumetes, Tu soliduri demokratiuli warmatebis miRwevas eltvi. Tavs uflebas mivcem, ubralod vTqva: brandtis politika iTvaliswinebda`isic da isic~ midgomis mravalmxriv gamoyenebas. brandts arasdros sjeroda, rom istoriaSi raRacebis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli iyo. imis Tqma, rom esa Tu is gadawyvetileba ualternativoa, politikur kraxad miaCnda. goniTa da fantaziiT dajildovebuli adamianebi yovelTvis ipovian gamosavals, Tuki warmateba swyuriaT. kompromisi demokratiis wesia, Tuki saqme sindiss ar exeba. am midgomiTaa daRdasmuli social-demokratiuli partiis da germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis 1987 wlis erToblivi dokumenti, romlis umTavresi interesi mSvidobis SenarCunebaa. ganmuxtvis mTeli politika eyrdnoboda princips, SegvenarCunebina stabiluroba evropaSi da ar gvecada erTmaneTis ideologiurad gadabireba. aravis ucdia moskovSi komunistad veqcie da arc me micdia vinmes Semotrialeba demokratiisken. da brandtic wynarad, mSvidad inarCunebda pozicias, rom ideologiuri gansxvavebebi meorexarisxovania. istoria miiRebda sazRvrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, Tuki Zaladobisgan Tavisufali qmedeba umaRlesi principi iqneboda. arsebobs sasxvaTaSoriso`isic da isic~, romelsac brandti iziarebda. social-liberaluri koalicia arasodes SewinaaRmdegebia bonis pozicias, romelic miiCnev­ da, rom jer germania unda gaerTianebuliyo da Semdeg SeiZleboda ganmuxtvis politikaze saubari, magram sruliad sawinaaRmdegod imoqmeda. mas formalurad arasodes uaruyvia germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb bonis Zveli moTxovna, romelic 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvre204

bSi gaerTianebas gulisxmobda, magram praqtikulad, gamoricxa oderisa da naises xazis aRmosavleTiT teritoriuli moTxovnebis dayeneba. da arc sabWoTa kavSiri ar SewinaaRmdegebia odesme varSavis xelSekrulebis gadawyvetilebas, romlis Tanaxmadac dauSvebeli iyo bonTan xelSekrulebebis dadeba, sanam federaciuli respublika xalxTaSorisi samarTlis subieqtad ar aRiarebda gdr-s, Tumca praqtikulad sabWoTa kavSiric gverds uvlida mas. Cveni ganmuxtvis politika eswrafvoda eRiarebina realoba da, amave dros, Seecvala igi. ramdenad warmatebulad Secvlida realobas berlinSi, germaniasa da evropaSi, veravin ganWvretda, rodesac kedlis aRmarTvis Semdeg patar-patara nabijebis gadadgma daiwyo. bevri adamiani da faqtori, ukve naxsenebi bedic unda damTxveoda erTmaneTs am SedegisTvis. erT-erTi faqtori brandtis pirovnebac gaxldaT. Zalauflebis survili ar aklda; magram mis macdur Zalas arasodes damorCilebia, arasodes amcirebda da ar anadgurebda adamianebs. mas didad arafrad miaCnda gadawyvetilebebi msoflios Secvlis Sesaxeb. partiis, mTavrobisa Tu Semdegi sakanonmdeblo periodis amocanebis misaRwevad igi amjobinebda`isic da isic~ – poziciis sando gzas, magram arasodes daukargavs orientacia. misi Sinagani kompasi farTo horizontsac iseve aCvenebda, rogorc uaxloes miznebs, romelTa miRwevasac igi eswrafvoda. ra iyo misi Sinagani kompasi? rasakvirvelia, ufro samarTliani sazogadoeba. erTni mas socializms uwodebdnen, meoreni social-demokratizms. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom aseT zust saxeldebas gaurboda, radgan Tavad zusti saxeli ar eguleboda. aranakleb gasakviria, rom ar arsebobda erTiani koncefcia, romelsac`brandtis gegmas~ 205

daarqmevdi. arc aravis mousaklisebia da ukiTxavs, gegma sad ariso. brandtis sayrdens warmoadgenda adamianebis ndoba mis mimarT, is, rom mas hqonda orientacia, romelsac SeiZleboda gahyolodi. esec qarizmaa. nacistebis raixis mimarT uzado winaaRmdegoba, dasavleT berlinis interesebis dasacavad mkafio simtkice da misi ganmuxtvis politikis damajerebloba: am Tvisebebis erTobliobiT moipova brandtma ndoba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi. misi simtkice gadalaxul daeWvebas efuZneboda. gamocdileba karnaxobda – mxolod sinamdviliT gamowveuli aRSfoTeba warmoqmnis energias, romelmac axali sinamdvile unda Seqmnas. misi cxovrebis gza naTeli iyo: ar davrCeT pasiurni, aramed SevZloT`me~-s TviTgamorkveva; Semdeg sakuTari qveynis TviTgamorkveva da bolos evropis TviTgamorkveva. mocemul situaciaSi misi kalibris germaneli meore ar arsebobda. amitom iyo igi bednieri monapovari qveynisTvis, evropisTvisac, mis gareSe istoria sxvanairad warimarTeboda. valentin falinma – igi didxans gaxldaT bonSi sabWoTa kavSiris elCi da xelSekrulebebis molaparakebebis monawile, erTxel aseTi ram Tqva: – brandtis ganmuxtvis politika rom ara, gorbaCovi kremlSi pirveli kaci ver gaxdeboda. gorbaCovis gareSe ki germania ver gaerTiandebodao. 206

* vilis erTi gamonaTqvami CamrCa mexsierebaSi, oRond aRar maxsovs, rodindelia da vis uTxra:`SeiZleba egons guli wydeba, rom didxans srulfasovnad ar aRiqvamdnen~. igive SeeZlo didi xnis auxdenel Tavis molodinzec eTqva – rodis miiRebda mas sakuTari qveyana. Cems SemTxvevaSi es exeboda vermaxtis periods – maocebda, rom maSin veravin SeamCnia Cemi ebraeli bebiis arseboba. Cveni biografiidan bevri msgavseba mogxvdebodaT TvalSi. dedamisTan saxlSi arasdros axsenebdnen mamas. Cemi mSoblebis saxlSi arasodes axsenebdnen ebrael bebias, Tumca, vicodi, rom mamaCemi Tavis sayvarel profesias – maswavleblobas CamoaSores, radgan meuRlesTan gayraze uari Tqva. sityva`ebraeli~ an`ebrauli~ arasodes gamoTqmula. Sobas yovelTvis berlinSi, bebiasTan aRvniSnavdiT, misi Svidive Svili da maTi meuRleebi ikribebodnen. biZaCemi fritci braziliaSi gaiqca, meore biZas – kurts ki mamaCemTan erTad Sevxvdi anhalteris sadgurze 1934 wlis erT saRamos – Tavi gadaparsuli hqonda da orive oqros kbili amoeglijaT oranienburgis sakoncentracio banakSi.`araferi mkiTxoT!~ iyo erTaderTi, rac matarebelSi asvlamde gviTxra da italiis gavliT gaemgzavra SanxaiSi. brandtsa da Cem Soris asakobriv gansxvavebas warmomavlobis tabusTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonia: man emigraciaSi gvari Seicvala; me vermaxtis tabu SevinarCune. Cveni nacnobobisa da daaxloebis aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi arasdros gvisaubria am memkvidreobaze. sanam erT-erTi Cvengani gulaxdil saubars ar wamoiwyebda, meore kiTxvebs arasodes svamda. am urTierTpativiscemaSi ifurCqne207

boda megobroba, romelic akavSirebda did politikur erTsulovnobas da sxvadasxva pirovnul Tvisebebs. Smidtis ebraeli babuis Sesaxeb, rac Jiskar d’estenisgan gavigeT, vilis da me arasodes gvisaubria. arc helmuts da me. mesmoda, rom arafriT ar undoda, misi saxeli am kuTxiT gaxmaurebuliyo. gulSi ki mifiqria, rom igi iyo mesame, vis ojaxSic sxvanairi saxis, magram mainc arsebobda tabu. * musikosobaze TorgauSi gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebidan vocnebobdi. musikaluri aRzrda miviRe iohan valetis gundSi, oratoriebs vasrulebdi, rac absolutur smenas da fortepianoze daxvewilad dakvras moiTxovda, violinoze ki skolis orkestris meore violinos iqiT ver wavedi. sxvanairad gamovida: 1974 wels vcade lev kopelevi federaciul respublikaSi Camomeyvana. mas surda aRewera germaneli eqimis, fridrix iozef haasis istoria; es ukanaskneli warmoSobiT miunsteris aifelidan iyo da 1825 wels dekabristebis ajanyebis Semdeg`gadasaxlebulTa angelozad~ monaTles. miunsteris aifelze pasuxismgebeli qristian-demokratiuli partiis deputati alois mertesi gaxldaT, ganmuxtvis politikis daufaravi mowinaaRmdege, romelsac ver daeviwyebina`gaerTianebis~ sastiki damarcxeba, ori wlis winaT, ndobis votumis kenWisyraSi. mas vTxove kopelevs daxmareboda da cota qarafSutulad vuTxari:`kacma rom Tqvas, musika mindoda meswavla, magram fiurerma ar damaneba~. mSralad momigo: `afsus! ai, hitleris kidev erTi Secdoma~. 208

musikis gareSe cxovreba ver warmomedgina. saSinlad ganvicade, roca vermaxtSi gatarebuli ori wlis Semdeg fortepianos swavlas iq veRar gavagrZelebdi, sadac Sevwyvite. amitomac aRmafrTovanebda xolme helmut Smidtis sakoncerto niWi. brandti musikis sferoSi diletanti iyo. rodesac mogzaurobisas maspinZlebs egonaT xolme, rom xalxuri musikiT siamovnebas mianiWebdnen, zrdilobianad ki usmenda, magram interess ar avlenda. savaldebulo vaiberfastnaxtis drosac ki ar Cndeboda xolme, roca`Serekilebi~ bonSi partiis centralur ofisSi gvacxrebodnen Tavs. mxolod erTxel vnaxe gasaocari akustikis mqone berlinis filarmoniaSi – darbazis gaxsnaze. operis, Teatris an gamofenebis mimarT interesi ar Semityvia. im RonisZiebebze, sadac midioda, rogorc wesi, sityviT gamosvla uwevda. iSviaTad eZleoda SesaZlebloba, Sin wynarad ekiTxa; amitom, gasagebia, rom naklebad xiblavda sxvebis mosmena. SmidtTan Wadrakis TamaSi SemeZlo, sabednierod, TiT­ qmis erT doneze vTamaSobdiT. warmoudgeneli iyo, masTan erTad cota gabedul anekdotze gagcineboda. vili da me erTmaneTs sul axal-axal anekdotebs vuyvebodiT. roca viwro wreSi vili yveboda, yvelaze metad Tavad xali­ sobda. brandts seriozuli saubrebi mwerlebTan, magaliT­ ad jgufi 47 -is wevrebTan, Zalian siamovnebda. am saubrebidan isrutavda argumentebs, mosazrebebs, gafrTx­ilebebs da ideebs, romelTac Tavis politikur yoveldRiurobaSi versad gaigonebda da amdidrebda sakuTar samyaros da sakuTar orientacias, sadac Tavs myarad grZnobda. gamoricxulia, rodesme TavSi mosvloda fraza, romelsac Smidti xSirad xmarobda: istoriis sqolio varo. gindac 209

mosalodneli winaaRmdegobis gamomwvev Tavmdablobad migveRo es gamonaTqvami, sakuTar TavSi msgavsi daeWvebisgan brandti emansipirebuli iyo. samagierod, Smidti SesaSuri aqtiurobiT monawileobda kulturul cxovrebaSi da filosofiur debatebSi da iseTi farTo sulieri diapazoni gamoimuSava, brandts rom arasodes moundomebia. miuxedavad aseTi gansxvavebisa, am or kacs erTi ram akavSirebda – orives damoukideblad mieRwia Tav-TavianTi aRmavlobisTvis. arc emigraciidan dabrunebulisTvis da arc vermaxtis yofili oficrisTvis ar waukravs vinmes ise xeli, rom valSi yofiliyvnen. orive alfa-cxovelma sakuTar gzaze iara. maT gansxvavebul xasiaTs, interesebsa da niWs, – partiisa da saxelmwifos winaSe saerTo saqmeSi gamovlenili disciplina rom ara, – SeiZleboda Seuqcevad konfliqtebamde miveyvaneT. saxeli, romelic me momaniWes –`ganmuxtvis politikis arqiteqtori~ – Sesaferad mimaCnia: mSeneblobis damkveTi brandti gaxldaT. igi maZlevda miTiTebebs da icoda, sad da rodis unda davkiTxodi mas. mSeneblobis damkveTis gareSe arqiteqtori ver gavxdebodi. samarTlianad ukavSirdeba germaniasa da evropaSi bevri Senoba brandtis saxels, maTi arqiteqtorebis saxeli ki gafermkrTalda da mxolod eqspertebma da damfaseblebma Tu ician. Cvens nawerebsac igive bedi eweva. me bevri ram gamovaqveyne brandtis saxeliT da arasdros momiwonebia amiT Tavi. rasac is cvlida, asworebda an miiRebda SeTanxmebulad Tu SeTanxmebis gareSe, ukve misi sakuTreba xdeboda. ubralod, uCveulo iyo, rogor gamogvdioda es ambavi! 210

momeca SesaZlebloba, meswavla berZnuli, am privilegias dRemde uaRresad vafaseb. arc brandts da arc Smidts ar dasWirvebiaT am enis swavla, rom Cawvdomodnen antikur sibrZnes:`Seican Tavi Seni~ da mis mixedviT ecxovraT. erToblivi saqmisTvis saWiro disciplinam maTTis TviTSecnoba xasiaTis nawilad aqcia. `rodesac vili brandti 1961 da 1965 wlebSi kanclerobis kandidatad warvadgineT, sajarod aravis uTqvams, me ukeTesi kandidati varo~. Smidtis es mogvianebiT naTqvami sami wliT adre gardacvlil brandts aRar waukiTxavs. gaaxalisebda, radgan Tavadac ase fiqrobda. maT erTamenTisTvis arasodes gaumxeliaT, ras fiqrobdnen erTmaneTze. pativiscema da aRiareba subieqtur, erTis mier meoris sisusteebis Sesaxeb sakmaod gamyarebul Sefasebas amarcxebda.`sakuTari tyavidan veravin gamoZvreba~, miswera erTxel brandtma Smidts. Smidtsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo igive miewera brandtisTvis. 211

`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~ bonSi, partiis Tavmjdomaris kabinetSi roza luqsemburgis portreti ekida. mTavar ofiss bonis periodis dasawyisidanve`barakebs~ eZaxdnen, Tumca, amasobaSi, sakmaod warmomadgenlobiT da solidur Senobad iqca, radgan ar vicodiT, ramden xans SenarCundeboda germaniis gayofa. reformatori komunistis portreti, romelic nebismier momsvlels TvalSi xvdeboda im`dune~ social-demokratis kabinetSi ekida, vinc jer aerCiaT da mere gadaerCiaT. amis Taobaze erTxel brandtma Tqva, maocebs am qalis simtkice:`socializmi ar arsebobs demokratiis gareSe, magram arc demokratia arsebobs socializmis gareSe~. rodesac 1981 wels fransua miterani safrangeTis prezidentad airCies, vili aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda da miesalma mis ganzraxvas, komunistebi Seeyvana mTavrobaSi. me ki, omgamovlilsa da civi omis momswres, es, cota ar iyos, mafiqrianebda. vilim vaimaris respublikis periodSi daiwyo politikuri azrovneba da iseTi ram gadaetana, rac me ar gamomicdia.`moicade~, damariga Wkua,`amiT SeiZleba komunistebis marginalizacia miviRoT~. ramdenime wlis Semdeg mivxvdi, rom brandtma da miteranma zustad gaTvales da sworad imoqmedes. 212

rodesac vili emigraciis periodze hyveboda, siamovnebiT ixsenebda xolme parizSi hainrix manTan Sexvedras. es is dro iyo, roca komunistebi erTnairad ebrZodnen social-demokratebsa da nacistebs. frangi social-demokratebi ki saxalxo frontze memarcxene Zalebis TanamSromlobas uwyobdnen xels, rac brandts moswonda. maSin gaicno komunisti herman aqseni, mogvianebiT igi germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis politbiuros wevri gaxda; masTan SevaTanxme oTxmociani wlebis Sua periodSi partiul doneze centralur evropaSi atomuri da qimiuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis sakiTxi. bonSi erT-erTi vizitisas aqsenma survili gamoTqva vili brandtisTvis xeli CamoerTmia. vili ukve didi kaci iyo. brandti siamovnebiT Sexvda, Sinaurulad mimarTa parizis mere TiTqmis ormocdaaTi wlis unaxav moridebul hermans, romelic iseTi aRelvebuli iyo am SexvedriT, rom misdauneburad TqvenobiT elaparaka brandts da mere sakuTar Tavs imunaTebda, vaiTu vilim arasworad gaigoo. aqseni honekeris Svebulebidan dabrunebas daeloda, raTa egon krancisgan Cemi da Cemi colis darsze dapatiJebis nebarTva mieRo. politbiurom mas iq dasabinaveblad mSvenieri, magram arcTu didi saxli gamouyo. berlinSi rom vbrundebodiT, gzaSi ufro Tamamad laparakobda, icoda, rom ar usmendnen da bonSi vilisTan Sexvedra gaixsena gulaCuyebulma. mxolod sami wliT umcrosi iyo brandtze da Tavs muSaTa moZraobis pirmSos uwodebda. parizis Semdeg Tan sdevda azri, rom memarcxene moZraobis gaxleCam saSineli zarali gamoiwvia da nawilobriv mainc ekisreboda pasuxismgebloba yvela im katastrofaze, rac Semdeg moxda. Rirda oflisRvrad am gaxleCis gadalaxva. mas, rogorc patriots, surda, rom es mizani daesaxa Cve213

ni qveyanisTvis da saerTodac, araferia sawinaaRmdego, rodesac partiuli jariskaci aseT xedvaze daufaravad yvelgan ver laparakobso. rodesac atomuri, biologiuri da qimiuri iaraRis Sesaxeb vawarmoebdiT molaparake­ bebs, Tavis TanamSromlebs afrTxilebda, ar dagaviwydeT, rom es dasavleTgermanelebi klasobrivi mtrebi ariano. me mas gagebiT vekidebodi da SevZeli damerwmunebina, mec SensaviT vafrTxilebdi Cems TanamSromlebs, kolegebisgan daaxloebis yalb mcdelobas nu wamoegebiT-meTqi. oTxmociani wlebis Sua periodSi social-demokratiulma partiam da germaniis erTianma socialisturma partiam erToblivi samuSao jgufis farglebSi, ideologiuri gansxvavebis miuxedavad, mSvidobis SenarCunebas prioritetuli mniSvneloba mianiWes.`kamaTis kultura gulisxmobs Ria diskusias sistemebis Sejibris Sesaxeb~ – am Teziss gdr-is partiis zeda eSelonebSi meti winaaRmdegoba mohyva, vidre social-demokratiul partiaSi. * vilim sagareo saqmeTa ministrobis dros mTxova Sevxvedrodi mis megobars, leo bauers, romelsac axlo urTierTobebi hqonda italiasTan da serjio segres – italiis komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis mdivans, raTa maTTvis ganmemarta Cveni sagareo da usafrTxoebis politika. mizani es iyo: moskovs am gziT unda mieRo Cveni mosazrebebi pirveli xelidan da marto ulbrixtis Semoklebul da araswor informacias ar unda dayrdnoboda. segresTan xangrZlivi saubari im dRis wina saRamos Sedga, rodesac me rainhard gelenTan unda mivsuliyavi 214

federalur sainformacio samsaxurSi. gelenma amixsna federaluri sainformacio samsaxuris struqtura da sityva ar dauZravs imis Sesaxeb, rom miunxenis erT-erT sastumroSi segres, bauerisa da Cemi saubari moismines da federalur kanclers moaxsenes. kizingeri Cemi zepiri ganmartebiT dakmayofilda. leo baueri gavicani, rogorc memarcxene socialisti. igi iyo erTaderTi adamiani, romelsac vili brandtic da herbert veneric megobrad miiCnevdnen. maSin warmodgena ar mqonda mis TavgadasavlebiT aRsavse cxovrebaze. `yovelTvis socialisti viyavi, oRond araswor Zalas mi­vende~. – am lozungiT Sevida 1932 wels axalgazrda imedgacruebuli social-demokrati germaniis komunistur partiaSi. nacistebis`dacvis mizniT patimrobisgan~ rom gaaTavisufles, 1933 wels praRis gavliT gaiqca parizSi, iq dahyo 1939 wlamde, gadasaxlebaSi myofi komunisturi partiis mmarTvelobaSi, 1940 wels safrangeTSi patimrobas Tavi daaRwia da SveicariaSi gaiqca, iq 1942 wels isev daapatimres da cixeSi Casves, 1945 wels gaaTavisufles da germaniaSi gauSves, Semdeg gaxda hesenis komunisturi partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare, iyo aRmosavleT berlinSi germaniis radios mTavari redaqtori, 1950 wels isev daapatimres da sabWoTa(!) samxedro tribunalma jaSuSobis braldebiT sikvdiliT dasja miusaja, 1953 wels, stalinis sikvdilis Semdeg, ocdaxuTi wliT gaacimbires da 1955 wels iyo erT-erTi im 10 000 germanel tyveTagan, romlebic adenauerma moskovSi vizitisas gamoixsna da sabednierod, federaciul respublikaSi gamouSves da ara gdr-Si. Semdeg Sevida social-demokratiul partiaSi da rodesac nanens uari vuTxari Jurnal `SternSi~ muSaobaze, man Caibara`Sternis~ politikur 215

gamocemad Camoyalibebis saqme. bolos gaxda`noie gezelSaftis~ mTavari redaqtori da Tanmdebobisa da titulis gareSec iTavsebda social-demokratiul partiisa da italiis komunisturi partiis urTierTobebis warmomadgenlisa da motoris funqcias. 1972 wels, vilis istoriul arCevnebamde zustad ori TviT adre, gardaicvala gansakuTrebiT agresiuli kiboTi. am memarcxene socialistze naklebad mzakvrul eWvebs rodi avrcelebdnen, vidre brandtze da venerze. me misdami megobrulad viyavi ganwyobili da vafasebdi rogorc mgrZnobiare, inteligent da simpatiur adamians, romlis cxovrebis gzamac gansazRvra misi cnobiereba da brandtisa da veneris winaSe sakuTari poziciis Camoyalibeba SeaZlebina. `ganze mdgomis kariera – leo baueri komunizmsa da social-demokratias Soris~ hqvia amasobaSi TiTqmis daviwyebuli adamianis biografias, romelic 1983 wels gamoica. wignis bolos saTauriT –`social-demokratiul­ i partiis tradiciisa da identobis Sesaxeb~ dabeWdilia interviu vili brandtTan, romelSic mas kiTxvebs usvamen `dRevandeli perspeqtividan~, magram vaimaris respublikis periodidan dagrovili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. `CemTvis vaimaridan gamomdinare yvelaze mniSvnelovani daskvna gaxlavT is, rom uazrod kamaTobdnen imis Taobaze, demokratias unda mieniWos upiratesoba Tu socializms~, iwyebs brandti.`orive maTganis istoriuli marcxi – anda samive maTganis – muSaTa Zveli moZraobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom omis Semdeg demokratia sakmarisad ar ganmtkicda. me kvlavac mwams, rom hitleris Sekaveba SesaZlebeli iqneboda, rom ara ganxeTqileba muSaTa moZraobaSi. amisaTvis istoriu216

li pasuxismgebloba gansakuTrebiT mZimed ekisreba germaniis komunistur partias da moskovis hegemonias. muSaTa moZraobas mTlianobaSi ar gaaCnda sakmarisad ganviTarebuli urTierToba demokratiul xelisuflebasTan~. rodesac brandts`gamocdilebis saerTo horizonti~ uxsenes, ganagrZo:`TaobisTvis damaxasiaTebel fons mTlianobaSi seriozulad unda SevxedoT. ara mxolod leo da CemsaviT memarcxene socialistebi da yofili komunistebi, aramed Cveni Tanatolebis umravlesobac, romlebic social-demokratebad darCnen, Cvens droSi Tavs grZnobdnen muSaTa im moZraobis memkvidreebad, romelic msoflio omis dros gaixliCa da yvela imedovnebda isev gamTlianebas~. mravlismetyvelia, rom yofili komunisti veneri am gansjisas ar uxsenebia. veneri bauerze eqvsi wliT ufrosi gaxldaT, es ukanaskneli ki zustad erTi wliT ufrosi iyo brandtze. asea Tu ise, brandtma 1983 wels am interviuTi daamtkica, rom mkafiod axsovda omisa da misi Semdgomi periodi. da gamoamJRvna azrovnebis saocari Tanmimdevroba – 1946 wels, rodesac social-demokratiuli partiis SvedeTis jgufis wamyvani wevri iyo, Tavis Sved megobrebs SeuTvala:`faqtia, rom erTiani muSaTa moZraobis Seqmnis Sansi germaniaSi uSualod hitleris reJimis dacemis Semdeg arsebobda da es Sansi ar gamoyenebula~. ase werda, roca berlinSi administraciulad mzaddeboda germaniis komunisturi partiis da social-demokratiuli partiis Serwyma. 1983 wels micemul interviuSi sinanuli gamoxata, rom maTi ricxvi mcirdeba, vinc jer kidev`babelis droindeli partiis~ wevrebs icnobda. maSin rom vinmes eTqva, mxolod ramdenime weli gava da komunistebis papi moskovSi mxars dagiWers muSaTa moZraobis gaxleCvis daZlevaSio, albaT giJad Seracxavda. 217

* 1985 wels mixeil gorbaCovi Sevida kremlSi rogorc skkp-s generaluri mdivani. mas da brandts Soris sami Sexvedra 1985 , 1988 da 1989 wlebSi Sedga. es Sexvedrebi social-demokratebsa da komunistebs Soris urTierTobebis amaRelvebel da daumTavrebel monakveTs warmoadgens. pirveli Sexvedra martivad warimarTa, brandtis da palmes komisiebis muSaobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas daeTmo. orive dokumenti erTnairad afasebda axlad warmoqmnil globalur socialur sakiTxebs, orive maTgani social-demokratebis Sedgenili iyo. amitom, brandtma Sexvedrisas sifrTxile gamoiCina. mas ar gamohparvia, rom gorbaCovs Tavisi partiisTvis axali mimzidvelobis miniWeba da stalinis mier Cadenili danaSaulebis Semdeg leninis ideebis gacocxleba surda. brandts misi xedva sulac ar mosCvenebia mimzidvelad. am ambidan cota xnis Semdeg aRelvebulma mivirbine vilisTan da gorbaCovis bolo gancxadebis nawyveti wavukiTxe:`demokratia iseve gvWirdeba, rogorc haeri sunTqvisTvis~. amiT gadawydeba istoriuli brZola evoluciasa da proletariatis diqtaturas Soris-meTqi. brandtma gamafrTxila, sajarod araferi Tqvao:`nu gavurTulebT gorbaCovs isedac rTul saqmes~. meore Sexvedrisas gorbaCovma xazi gausva, araferi maqvs social-demokratebTan TanamSromlobis sawinaaRmdegoo, gindac partiebs gansxvavebuli poziciebi hqondeT da TviT sazRvravdnen TavianT gzaso. winadadebiT gamovida, orive partiidan ramdenime axalgazrdam scados da muSaTa moZraobis ganxeTqilebis sakiTxi daamuSaoso. es winadadeba momxibvlelic gaxldaT da Tan uaRresad 218

saSiSic. erTis mxriv vgrZnobdi, roca vilis vuyurebdi, rogor wonida pasuxs – misi gaumxeleli ocnebebi gadamdebi xdeboda. meore mxriv ki, qveynis SigniT, haerSive gagvbrdRvnidnen. ukve warmovidgine, rogor dabeWdavdnen Tavidan adenaueris siZulviliT aRsavse plakats: `socializmis yvela gzas moskovSi mivyavarT~. rogorc yovelTvis, usityvod gavugeT erTmaneTs. vilim Cailaparaka:`egoni Zalian nerviulad wrialebs skamze, mgoni raRacis Tqma unda~. Cemi winadadeba, jer SeiaraRebis konkretul Semcirebaze da evropuli saxlis mowyobaze gveyara kenWi, orives moewona. gorbaCovma mainc gadawyvita, diskusiaze marqsistul-leninisturi elita gamoeyvana, romelsac socialisturi internacionalis`revizionisti~ Tavmjdomare uxelmZRvanelebda. brandtma aRiara,`kapitali~ bolomde ar wamikiTxavso. marqsma verc eleqtroZravi iwinaswametyvela da verc atomis birTvis gaxleCao. didi moazrovne iyo da iqnebao, magram social-demokratiuli partiebis warmateba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom daxuruli sistema ar aqvT, yovelTvis cdiloben aucilebeli SesaZleblad aqciono. fexi ar moicvala evoluciis principidan. gamoxmaureba ver miiRo. ideologiuri elitis wevrebi moumzadeblebi aRmoCdnen. mesame SexvedrisTvis brandtma social-demokratiuli partiis programis saTaurebi aTargmnina. gorbaCovma waikiTxa da aRfrTovanebulma upasuxa:`es Cemi Temebia~. brandtma amjerad ufro cxadad gaumxila Tavisi imedi da xedva: socializmis dasasrulis Sesaxeb laparakis magivrad, erTxel unda iTqvas, rom dedamiwis erT did nawilSi axla igi Tavidan iwyebao. gorbaCovma Semdegi daskvna gamoitana:`daaxloebis procesi unda ganvi219

Tardes. 1914 wels momxdari gaxleCvis daZleva SesaZlebelia~. moskovidan rom vbrundebodiT, brandti gzaSi Cafiqrebuli iyo. mixeil sergeeviC gorbaCovis saxiT igi Sexvda kacs, romelic, mis msgavsad, gabedulad cdilobda `axali azrovnebis~ gariskvas, da Tan hqonda Zalaufleba, romelic TviTon arasodes eqneboda. masSi socialistma gaiRviZa:`idea ver mokvdeba, sanam bavSvebi SimSiliT ixocebian~. ara mxolod komisiis Sedegebma gadaswia misi pozicia mar­cxniv, aramed mis Sesaxeb diskusiamac, maT Soris konservatoruli mTavrobebis da industriis warmomadgenlebis mxridan, rasac brandti dacinvad aRiqvamda.`erToblivi usafrTxoebis~ idea da saSinel usamarTlobaze miniSneba, rom SeiaraRebaze giJuri Tanxebi ixarjeboda da amave dros TiTqmis araferi siRaribis dasaZlevad, mas meocnebeobad CamoarTves. awyenines, magram ver Seadrkes. qarizmatul gorbaCovTan erTad mas axali imedi Caesaxa: `es Sors wagviyvans~. organizebuli sigiJe organizebul gonierebaSi gadaizrdeboda, mis sakuTar qveyanaSic ki. man mkiTxa:`ras ityvian Seni Zmebi aRmosavleT berlinSi?~ vupasuxe:`maTTvis sasiamovno ar iqneba, magram es gza social-demokratiuli da erTiani socialisturi partiebis erTobliv dokumentSi moniSnulia~. brandtis molodinma istoriuli ganzomileba SeiZina:`Tuki komunistebi marjvniv gaiwevian, social-demokratebs Sexvdebian. es ki social-demokratias evropaSi did Sanss gauCens~. pirvelad ar iyo, misgan rom gavigone:`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~. 220

* kedlis dangrevis meore dRes, 1989 wlis 10 noembers vili da me berlinSi`Cveni~ Sionebergis ratuSis win gamarTul did mitingze wavediT. baraTze ramdenime fraza CainiSna, maT Soris:`axla erwymis erTmaneTs, rac ganuyofelia~. oc weliwadze meti xnis Semdeg wavikiTxe Slezvig-holStainis social-demokratiuli partiis politikosis, gert biorzenis statiaSi, rom brandts 1961 wels, kedlis aSenebidan maleve uTqvams berlinis parlamentSi, rom`rac ganuyofelia, is aucileblad Seirwymebao~. es aris Cem mier xSirad aRmoCenili unari brandtisa – mas SeeZlo mogonebebi miebarebina gonisTvis da maSin gamoeZaxa, roca dasWirdeboda. kidev erTi, ukve naxsenebi magaliTia, roca 1960 wels hanoverSi yrilobaze gamosvlis momzadebisas gaaxsenda 1957 wels Cemi naTqvami germaniis atomuri SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb, romelzec aRar gvisaubria. da mesame magaliTi: 1969 wels misi pirveli mTavrobis programidan: `meti demokratia gavbedoT!~, romelmac furori moaxdina da dasabami daudo debatebs, vis SeeZlo Tavi moewonebina, rom wvlili Seitana germaniaSi demokratiis gansamtkiceblad. norvegiis kunZul utozize anders breivikis Semzaravi danaSaulis Semdeg, norvegiis premier-ministrma Tqva:`meti demokratia unda gavbedoT!~. amis Semdeg eWvi aRar mepareba, ra aris am fundamenturi gamonaTqvamis wyaro. 1990 wlis 3 oqtombris gaerTianebis Semdeg federalurma kanclerma helmut kolma samomavlo did miznad Sida gaerTianeba gamoacxada. yvela mravalricxovani partia uWerda mas mxars. bundestagis sagamoZiebo komisiaze ki aRniSna:`CemTvis rom ekiTxaT, vici, rasac vuzamdi 221

Stazis oqmebso~. samwuxarod, misTvis ar ukiTxavT, magam misi Sefaseba Zalian hgavda brandtisas: espaneTSi samoqalaqo omi daiwyeboda, germanuli meTodiT rom exelmZRvanelaT. da:`aRmosavleT germanelebi ar SeiZleboda imave sazomiT gagvezoma, rogorc mesame raixisgan darCenilebi~. helmut Smidtmac msgavsi azri Camoayaliba:`sazianoa, rom 1990 wlis Semdeg komunistebs uaresad moveqeciT, vidre nacistebs 1945 wlis Semdeg~. genSeri da lafontenic am Zalian did koalicias ekuTvnodnen. magram am koaliciam Tavisi ver gaitana aRmosavleT germaniis moqalaqeTa uflebadamcvelebis survilis winaaRmdeg, ramac dasavleT germaniaSi Seqmna STabeWdileba, rom Stazi da gdr erTi da igive iyo. ase daiyvnen Zmebi da debi aRmosavlelebad da dasavlelebad da oci wlis Semdegac imaze vfiqrobT, rodis mivaRwevT Tanasworuflebianobas. 222

is, rac rCeba brandtis Temebi dResac aqtualuria: 2013 wels msoflio amocanis winaSe dgas, miaRwios stabilurobas aziis uzarmazar kontinentze, es TiTqmis iseTive konfliqtia, rogoric aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispirebisas warmoSva evropaSi orma super-saxelmwifom. brandtis mTavari gzavnili dResac ZalaSia: – mSvidoba yvelaferi ar aris, magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia. rodesac man es winadadeba Camoayaliba, msoflio ver warmoidgenda, rom vaSingtonsa da moskovSi saxelmwifo moRvaweebs eyofodaT sibrZne, pasuxismgebloba da goniereba, civi omis sazRvrebs miRma emociebs ar ahyolodnen. aziis sakiTxi kidev ufro rTulia. marTalia, mxolod or did saxelmwifos xelewifeba interkontinentaluri atomuri raketebiT reagireba, magram isini brZanebebs veRar gascemen da verc TviTon gadawyveten, rogor unda moiqcnen maTi dacvis qveS myofni, megobrebi Tu mekavSireebi. gindac CineTis atomur iaraRs ar SeeZlos sapasuxo dartymis ganxorcieleba, es axali super-saxelmwifo sakmarisad Zlieria, rom ar daemorCilos vaSingtonisa da moskovis miTiTebebs. igive iTqmis indoeTsa da pakistanze da atomuri iaraRis armqone indoneziasa da iaponiaze da, Tu gnebavT, avstraliasa da axal zelandiazec ki. 223

albaT barak obamas mier moskovis mimarT amerikis sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis gardaqmna konfrontaciis reJimidan kooperaciis reJimze ufro Zlier globalur ganzomilebas SeiZens. rac samocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi warmatebuli aRmoCnda, axla Tavidan unda iswavlos bevrma: demokratia da adamianis uflebebi ki ara, arc Tavisufleba, aramed mSvidoba unda gaxdes globaluri movlena da umaRlesi Rirebuleba. im partniorebis mimarTac, romlebic ar iziareben dasavluri demokratiis struqturas, dialogi rCeba erTaderT saSualebad, raTa gonivrulad mogvardes konfliqtebi da dabalansdes interesebi. vercerTi didi globaluri Tu regionaluri problema ver gadaiWreba samxedro gziT. Zalis argamoyeneba isev aqtualuri Temaa, ara mxolod rogorc sustis Zlieri mxare, aramed rogorc safuZveli imisa, rom gavumklavdeT did, globalur pasuxismgeblobas. ucnauri sulac ar yofila – rogorc megobarma vkiTxe vilis ufros vaJs, peters, ras fiqrob, rom Seiqmnas sadiskusio wre, romelic ganixilavs, Tu ra darCeba mamaSenis politikuri Sexedulebebisgan-meTqi. garda amisa, vkiTxe giunter grass, kritikul megobars, romelic im momentSi social-demokratiul partiasTan urTierTobis kidev erT mZime fazas gadioda. man maSinve ganacxada Tanxmoba monawileobaze. ase Seikriba gaerTianebuli qveynis orive nawilis warmomadgenlebisgan jgufi, inteleqtualurad damoukidebeli adamianebi, zogs hqonda bma partiasTan da zogs ara, magram yvela iziarebda vili brandtis pozicias, rom centridan marcxniv unda gvecada Zalauflebasa da sulierebas Soris napralis amovseba. vili brandtis sazogadoebis damaarseblebs Soris iyvnen giunter gauzi da krista volfi, dRes arcerTi cocxa224

li aRaraa, qristine homan-denhardti, iens raixi, klaus steki da fridrix Sorlmeri, romelic karga xania warmarTavs Cvens Sexvedrebs. Temebi ar gveleva. vilim 1971 wels dabadebis dReze hainrix briuningis mogonebebi maCuqa minaweriT:`ase ara!~ maSin, 1930 wels, ekonomikuri krizisis yvelaze mwvave wertilze, gadaWarbebulma dazogvis politikam respublikis mowinaaRmdegeebi gaaZliera, demokratia daasusta da misi dasasruli gamoiwvia. roca Zalian bevri adamiani gaWirvebulia da imeds kargavs, demokratia safrTxeSia. amas vxedavT saberZneTSi, mas garedan sagareo-politikuri wnexic emateba, rac qveynis Rirsebas laxavs. misi`ase ara!~ dRevandelobaze rom gadmovitanoT, mianiSnebs: demokratias safrTxe mxolod evropul doneze ar emuqreba. adamianebs esmiT, rom ekonomikis, valutisa da vaWrobis sakiTxebi erovnulma saxelmwifoebma, romelTa arsebobac aucilebelia, evropas gadaabares. magram rigiTi moqalaqe eqsperti ar aris, rom finansuri konstruqciebis, saxelmwifoebis dafinansebis an bankebis gadasarCeni koncefciebis ricxvebisa da sityvebis domxali gaSifros. Tuki ar daezara da waikiTxa, Seityobs, rom dapirispirebaa evrokavSiris sabWos, evrokavSiris komisias da evropis parlaments Soris, romelic xalxis warmomadgenlobis sruli uflebamosilebisTvis ibrZvis. mokled rom vTqvaT: sul ufro meti adamiani grZnobs, rom evropis didi idea iqca biurokratiuli aparatebis gaugebar brZolad kompetenciisTvis. Tuki es adamianebi zurgs Seaqceven evropis ideas, misi sulic Caqreba. demokratia evropuli gamogonebaa. politikuri Zalaufleba umaRlesi xelisuflis, xalxis mier Tavisufali arCevnebis saSualebiT gadaecema mTavrobas, da ara 225

bazars. politikam sazogadoebis interesebi unda warmoadginos. amas ki mxolod maSin SeZlebs, rodesac ekonomikas kanonebis saSualebiT dauwesebs CarCoebsa da wesebs, romelTa SigniTac maT SeuZliaT TavianT mogebaze orientirebuli interesebis gatareba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: demokratia bazarze ufro maRla unda idges. xist realobaSi finansebis ekonomikam aTwleulebis gasayaramde aRmoaCina SesaZlebloba, ganecalkevebin­a fuli produqciisgan. msoflio masStabis sixarbem vir­ tu­aluri fulis mosapoveblad sapnis buSti Seqmna. rodesac igi gaskda, bankebis gadasarCenad saxelmwifos meti aravin aRmoCnda. misma gadasarCenma paketebma manamde war­moudgeneli Tanxebi Seadgina da saxelmwifoebma Tavic da sakuTari moqalaqeebic valebSi gadaagdes. ase usas­rulod ver gagrZeldeba. vin an ram unda gadaarCinos bo­los Tavad saxelmwifoebi? vili brandtis lozungs`meti demokratia gavbedoT!~ angela merkelma daupirispira`meti Tavisufleba gavbedoT!~. am parolma migviyvana misi`Zalauflebis mimarT konformistul politikamde~. bazarma saxelmwifoebi aqeT-iqiT aburTava an sareitingo agenturebis saSualebiT CamoaqveiTa. amocana Semdegia: SevqmnaT`politikurad konformistuli bazari~. germanias, rogorc ekonomikurad yvelaze Zlier saxelmwifos evropis centrSi, gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba. man unda moipovos Cveni evropeli mezoblebis mxardaWera am miznis misaRwevad. mezobel qveynebSi sul ufro da ufro ukeT esmiT, rom Cveni kontinenti Tavis raobas dakargavs, demokratia Tu daikarga. aseTi orientaciiT evropas jer kidev sakmao wona aqvs am multipolarul samyaroSi. arcerTma saxelmwifom ar unda gadaiRos dasavluri de226

mokratiis modeli imisTvis, rom bazari dauqvemdebaros politikas. am orientaciisTvis globaluri konsensusi albaT Sedgeba. JorJ sorosi, warmoSobiT ungreli, amerikis moqalaqe, sabWoTa sistemis CamoSlis Semdeg gvafrTxilebda, rom kapitalizmic SeiZleba CamoiSalos, Tuki reformirebis unars dakargavs. finansuri ekonomikis meqanizmebSi Caxedulobis wyalobiT, man kidev bevri miliardi dolari iSova: gaumarjos kapitalizms, sanam igi cocxalia! ise Cans, TiTqos sorosi marTalia, TiTqos marTlac sistemis krizisTan gvqonda saqme da ara mxolod sistemis SecdomasTan. dasavleTSi arsebobs kapitalizmis reformirebis demokratiuli sawyisebi. misgan damoukideblad msoflios didi nawili`Tavis~ kapitalizms ganaviTarebs. Cveni aTaswleulis erT-erT yvelaze did gamowvevas warmoadgens interneti. igi ukve imaze metad cvlis Cvens cxovrebas, vidre Tavis droze wignis beWdvis gamogonebam Secvala. didi xani dasWirda, sanam adamianebis umravlesoba wera-kiTxvas iswavlida. interneti cxovrebas aiolebs, magram axal kriminalur potencials qmnis da rogorc istoriis yvela teqnikuri xasiaTis gardatexa, samxedro gamoyenebis axal SesaZleblobebsac avlens. erT-erT maTgans kiber-omi ewodeba, ukve ramdenjerme gamoicada da mas uaRresad gasaidumloebulad inaxaven. xom viciT, romeli qveyana romel axal unarebs aviTarebs. qselis gakontrolebis nebismieri mcdeloba aqamde uSedego aRmoCnda, iqneba es amerika, nato, germania, ruseTi Tu CineTi. yvela, vinc usazRvro digitaluri teqnologiiT ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, msoflio masStabiT da erTdroulad imyofeba erTsa da imave sainformacio doneze da 227

SeuZlia aqtiuri komunikacia. arabuli gazafxuli am qselis arsebobis Sedegia, iseve, rogorc – erovnuli niSniT gansxvavebuli – emansipirebuli moqalaqis ajanyeba mTel msoflioSi – amerikidan CineTamde. magram qselis momwodeblis mier momxmareblis da sajaro sivrcis manipulirebis SesaZleblobac gaizarda. axal teqnologiebs iaraRis axali sistemebi moaqvs. isini mizans ufro azusteben, globaluri wvdomac aqvT da atomuri iaraRis strategiuli gavlenac. dronebis farTo arsenalis saSualebiT da komunikaciis usazRvro teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT mkvlelobis masStabic usazRvroa. SegviZlia virwmunoT, rom es teqnika amerikis monopoliad ar darCeba. Cveni saukunis axali gamowvevebi mxolod teqnologiuri an samxedro xasiaTis ar gaxlavT, igi exeba garemosac, razedac aseve gaamaxvila yuradReba brandtis komisiam. msoflio masStabiT savalalod mcirdeba wylis maragi da Tuki globaluri daTbobis procesi saukunis bolomde oTx graduss miaRwevs, yvela saxelmwifo iZulebuli gaxdeba gaerTiandes gadarCenis saerTo interesis garSemo. `marcxniv da Tavisufali~, ase aRwera vili brandtma Tavisi cxovrebis gza 1930 -dan 1950 wlamde – liubekidan berlinamde, memarcxene socialistidan social-demokratamde. wigni exeba brZolas calkeuli adamianis TavisuflebisTvis da iseTi sazogadoebisTvis, sadac ar iqneba siduxWire. da igi mogviTxrobs imedze, rom ufro samarTliani da mSvidobiani iqneba msoflio, romelsac erTxel ukve gaucrua imedebi reaqciulma sibnelem, istoriisgan daclilma sibecem da saxifaTo ambiciebma. Sedegad evropis didi nawili ganadgurda, rasac dRemde vimkiT. 228

`samomavlod kidev ufro saSineli ram moxdeba, Tu ar vizrunebT, Tavidan aviciloT mesame msoflio omi~. ase mTavrdeba winasityva, romelic brandtma am wigns 1982 wlis gazafxulze warumZRvara. ocdaaTi wlis Semdegac aqtualuria misi sityvebi:`mSvidoba yvelaferi ar aris, magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia~. 229

wignSi gamoyenebuli fotoebi warmoadgens Semdegi pirebisa da organizaciebis sakuTrebas: barbara klemi 14 xelovnebis, kulturisa da istoriis fotosaagento( bpk )/hans hubmani 9 federaluri fotoarqivi 12 germaniis sainformacio saagento( dpa ) 3 , 5 , 11 , 13 , 19 i.h. darxingeri/ fridrix ebertis fondi 7 berlinis miwis arqivi 1 (Siutci 69347 ), 4 (Suberti, 77510 ) gamomcemloba„Spigeli“ 8 ulStainis fotoebi 2 , 6 , 10 , 15 18 wigni dakabadonda gamomcemloba`inteleqtSi~ ISBN 978-9941-482-19-9

Tbilisi, p. CanCibaZis quCa 6 (  214 34 01, 577 33 38 57 stamba.damani@gmail.com stamba damani/ Print House Damani

1. maT erTmaneTi moswonT. meore msoflio omis Semdeg mSobliur qalaqSi pirvelad Camosul marlene ditrixs berlinis mmarTveli meri vili brandti ratuSaSi esalmeba. 2. germaneli kenedi? mmarTveli meri stumrad jon kenedisTan TeTr saxlSi, 1962 weli.

3. brandenburgis karibWesTan senatis kancelariis SefTan hainrix albertcTan (marjvniv) erTad. 4. aSS-Si mogzaurobidan dabrunebisas tempelhofis aeroportSi.

5. didi koaliciis kanclerTan kurt georg kizingerTan brandts TavSekavebuli damokidebuleba hqonda. erCivna, yoveldRiuri urTierToba fraqciis TavmjdomarisTvis, helmut SmidtisTvis miendo. 6. partiis yriloba 1969 wlis aprilSi bad godesbergSi. xuTi Tvis Tavze brandtma Tavisufal demokratebTan koaliciis Seqmna gadawyvita da igi kanclerad airCies.

7. xumrobisTvis kancleris aparatSi dro iSviaTad gvaqvs, magram Tuki stumari igvianebs...

8. Jurnal„Spigelis“ yda 1970 wlis 9 Tebervals. ukana planze tintoretos naxati – doJisa da brwyinvale diplomatis paolo tiepolos portreti, romelic kizingerma SearCia kancleris kabinetisTvis. brandtma Segnebulad gaagrZela adenaueris Semdeg damkvidrebuli tradicia da araferi Seucvlia Tavis samuSao oTaxSi.

9. moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris win kremlSi 1970 wlis 12 agvistos. sanam brandti da kosigini raRacas arkveven, ukana rigebSi ukve mxiaruloben. 10. moskovis aeroportSi valentin falinTan erTad.

11. usafrTxoebis mrCevelTan henri kisinjerTan TanamSromloba male iqca ndobiT aRsavse urTierTobad. 12. germanul-germanuli molaparakebebi mixael kolTan mdored miedineboda da xSirad gviwevda pirispir Sexvedra.

13. simpaTia pirveli naxvisaTanave da ruT brandtis xelis usasrulod xangrZlivi ambori – breJnevi 1971 wels bonSi. 14. marjvniv Sefebi sxedan, marcxniv momlaparakeblebi, romelTac Tarjimani ar sWirdebaT. breJnevi da gromiko 1973 wlis maisSi bonSi, petersbergze.

15. „Cven yvelas gviyvarxar!“ daiZaxa venerma fraqciis TandaswrebiT brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg. misi saxe yvelaferze metyvelebs. 16. gaucxoeba aSkaraa – 1975 wels partiis yrilobaze manhaimSi.

17. cal-calke da mainc erTad saxelmwifosa da partiis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis gamo. brandti da Smidti 1982 wels. 18. megobari milocavs 70 wlis iubiles 1992 wels.

19. axali imedebis molodinSi: brandti da gorbaCovi bonSi 1989 wels.