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<title>
Automized production of bibliographical information of locally stored inter=
net files : a project to establish archives of electronical press services =
of parties and trade unions
 / Walter Wimmer - [Electronic ed.]
In: Acta / International Association of Labor History Institutions. - 32. 2=
001 (2002), S. 45 - 50
&lt;br&gt;Electronic ed.: Bonn : FES Library, 2001
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=3D-1&gt;&lt;i&gt;=A9 Friedrich-Ebert-Stif=
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Automized production of bibliographical information of locally stored inter=
net files : a project to establish archives of electronical press services =
of parties and trade unions
 / Walter Wimmer - [Electronic ed.]. - Gent : IALHI. - 18 KB, Text.
<br><i>In: Acta / International Association of Labor History Institutions. =
- 32. 2001 (2002), S. 45 - 50</i></font><i>s
<br>Electronic ed.: Bonn : FES Library, 2001
<br><br><font size=3D"-1"><i>=A9 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung</i></font>

<!-- START BEGIN2 -->

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<p>
</p><ul>
<li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E278E1"=
>Aim and scope of the project</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E2">Archiving of press releases - a sensible addition to conventional col=
lecting activities</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E3">Conceptional considerations on the indexing of the archived materials=
</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E4">From theory into practice - the realisation of the concept</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E5">The local archiving of press releases</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E6">Continuing the local work on the press releases</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E7">Fulltext retrieval as a supplementary option for searching</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E8">Interim report after a year</a>
</li><li><a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/01103.htm#E2=
78E9">Benefits for the IALHI member organisations</a></li></ul>
<br><br>
<p align=3D"center"></p><hr width=3D"50%"><br>
<p align=3D"CENTER"><font size=3D"+1">Automized production of bibliographic=
al information of locally stored internet files - a project to establish ar=
chives of electronical press services of parties and trade unions<br><br>
Walter Wimmer</font></p>

<a name=3D"E278E1"></a>
<p align=3D"left"><b>Aim and scope of the project</b></p>
<p>The intention of the project is to collect press releases of political p=
arties and trade unions offered on the Internet. On the national level, pre=
ss releases are collected of those political parties that are represented i=
n the German Bundestag (German parliament). Special emphasis lies on press =
releases of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). Here press releases a=
re collected on the national as well as on the regional level. Also in addi=
tion press releases of the SPD parliamentary parties are of relevance. Pres=
s releases of German trade unions are collected down to regional level.
</p><p>On the European level, press releases are archived of the member par=
ties of the Socialist International as well as of national trade union orga=
nisations. In addition the collecting includes press releases of internatio=
nal trade secretariats and of other international organisations of the labo=
ur movement.
</p><p>At present the project comprises approximately 80 press services whi=
ch are archived regularly. The most important ones are still German organis=
ations, but European and international ones are getting more and more impor=
tant for the project.
<a name=3D"E278E2"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>Archiving of press releases - a sensible addition =
to conventional collecting activities</b></p>
<p>The decision to collect press releases of political parties and trade un=
ions systematically is based on different ideas:
</p><ol>
<li>  It supports the collecting of grey literature of foreign political pa=
rties and trade unions, a project which is promoted by the Deutsche Forschu=
ngsgemeinschaft (central public funding organisation for academic research =
in Germany). Until now grey literature was mainly collected on journeys to =
other countries. The new project emphasises the growing meaning of the Inte=
rnet as a source for relevant documents.
</li><li>  So far the library of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the Arc=
hive of Social Democracy collected printed press releases. These collection=
s will be supplemented and continued by this project.
</li><li>  Press releases are naturally predestined to be offered on the In=
ternet. Therefore many organisations choose to publish theirs this way.
</li><li>  Several archives of press releases of single organisations relev=
ant for the project can be found on the Internet, but there are no cumulati=
ve archives that contain press releases from different organisations. Now i=
t is possible to compare directly different opinions and statements which o=
ffers many advantages to the user of this service.
</li><li>  As press releases are explicitly intended to be openly and widel=
y published there are no copyright problems in the redistribution on the In=
ternet. These press releases usually do not contain any pictures that - dif=
ferently to written information - often cause copyright problems.
</li></ol>
<a name=3D"E278E3"></a>
<p align=3D"left"><b>Conceptional considerations on the indexing of the arc=
hived materials</b></p>
<p>The most obvious idea concerning the indexing of the archived documents =
is the use of a fulltext retrieval programme. The project does offer this, =
but only in addition to the search with meta data or - speaking in libraria=
n terms - catalogue records.
</p><p>In certain cases fulltext retrieval is not always sufficient, especi=
ally in those cases in which the search is restricted to the finding of doc=
uments of a certain period. Fulltext retrieval systems that stay within the=
 library's financial limit do not offer this.
</p><p>So there was the idea to produce meta data of the archived documents=
 in order to take advantage of the library=92s efficient cataloguing system=
. Because of the great number of locally saved documents and staff shortage=
 it was of course not possible to generate catalogue entries manually.
</p><p>A method was developed where the cataloguing of locally saved press =
releases is done with the help of programmes written in Perl. This method i=
s based on the fact that nearly all press releases on the WWW are presented=
 in the form of lists. In many cases these are dynamically developed HTML p=
ages that are generated by database inquiries.
</p><p>This kind of presentation demands a HTML source code that is also ev=
enly structured. On this basis it is possible to write Perl programmes that=
 extract the kind of information from the source code which is used to prod=
uce catalogue entries automatically. Once the information is filtered it ca=
n be transferred into a structural format and administrated in a database. =
Again Perl programmes are used for this process. The database software used=
 in this project is the library's cataloguing and database programme Allegr=
o. But it would also be possible to modify the produced data for administra=
tion in relational database management systems like Oracle. These automatic=
ally generated data sets are transferred into special databases by their sp=
ecific update routines.
<a name=3D"E278E4"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>From theory into practice - the realisation of the=
 concept</b></p>
<p>The programming that forms the basis of the realisation is done in the l=
ibrary. It is a great disadvantage that for each press release a new subrou=
tine is necessary. This subroutine has to be adjusted to the layout of each=
 single press release. If the layout changes the subroutine also has to be =
modified.
</p><p>This preliminary work is the basis for the archiving which is done b=
y a student assistant.
</p><p>First the list for each press service is locally saved under a stand=
ardised file name. If the list is generated from a database it is necessary=
 to determine those parameters for the calling sequence that allow the most=
 efficient work. For instance, some of these services offered on the Intern=
et are often produced in a way that presents lists with only a small number=
 of press releases to the user. A change in the calling sequence parameters=
 that leads to lists with hundreds of press releases means a considerable i=
mprovement of the whole procedure.
</p><p>When the lists are saved locally the Perl programme is called which =
then produces the catalogue entries. The integration of these records into =
the database also takes place via batch processing. Part of this process is=
 the conversion of the character set, a problem which is not easy to solve.=
 There are many ways to generate diacritical signs in the HTML source code =
which all have to be found by appropriate scripts.
<a name=3D"E278E5"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>The local archiving of press releases</b></p>
<p>The local archiving again is done by a student assistant. Here so called=
 offline readers are used. These products are able to save HTML pages linke=
d to each other automatically, after the required starting addresses have b=
een selected. In most of all cases Teleport Pro is used. A disadvantage of =
this programme is that it does not work properly when Javascript is used to=
 call documents linked to each other. In these cases the product Winhttrack=
 - originally a Unix programme - is used though it is not easy to handle.
</p><p>It is necessary to use exactly the same URLs as starting addresses t=
hat are also mentioned in the calling sequences for the locally saved lists=
. This is to make sure that a locally saved press release exists for each g=
enerated record.
</p><p>The main element of the local directory structure is the URL of that=
 Internet server that provides the press service. A chronological subdivisi=
on is now possible and might be necessary, depending on the size of the fil=
e. Pictures - mostly graphical elements for the navigation within HTML page=
s - are saved in separate folders for each server.
<a name=3D"E278E6"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>Continuing the local work on the press releases</b=
></p>
<p>The locally saved press releases are modified by another Perl programme =
that analizes the automatically generated records. Only HTML files are modi=
fied, press releases in PDF or Word format remain unchanged. There are five=
 kinds of modifications:
</p><ol>
<li>  Links to other pages are disabled. Press releases often contain links=
 to the homepage of the organisation, which is not locally saved. Furthermo=
re, the link to the webmaster is deactivated to avoid any mail that refers =
to the application of the FES library.
</li><li>  The calling sequences of pictures that belong to the document ar=
e adapted to the local file structure. These pictures are - as mentioned be=
fore - usually graphical elements for navigation in HTML pages, emblems etc=
.
</li><li>  The document is given a standardised description in tabular form=
.
</li><li>  The record is anchored as Dublin Core element set in the header =
of the HTML file. This gives the option to evaluate this information once i=
mproved fulltext retrieval programmes are available.
</li><li>  Each locally saved document is combined with a style sheet file.=
 This makes it possible to a certain grade to control the layout of all arc=
hived documents with one single file.
</li></ol>
<p>All press releases that are saved can later be modified. That makes it p=
ossible to adjust the collection at any time to new developments such as XM=
L.
<a name=3D"E278E7"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>Fulltext retrieval as a supplementary option for s=
earching</b></p>
<p>The disadvantages of fulltext retrieval have already been mentioned. Nev=
ertheless, it makes sense to also offer this kind of search. At first it wa=
s planned to extract all meaningful words from the archived press releases =
in order to combine them with the generated records in our library database=
 Allegro. Unfortunately the programming of the batch files necessary for th=
is approach took too much time.
</p><p>In the present version of the project the fulltext retrieval was imp=
lemented as an additional search option. For the indexing of the fulltexts =
the programme Htdig is used, which is also used in the Occasio project run =
by the International Institute for Social History. Htdig is a Unix based fr=
eeware programme. Within this project Htdig runs (as well as the Allegro da=
tabase offered on the Internet) with Linux.
</p><p>Unfortunately the present version of Htdig does not offer the option=
 to analyse the information established as Dublin Core in the header of the=
 archived documents. It only allows a rough geographical classification of =
the archived material, based on the country codes that are found in those d=
irectories where the documents are saved locally. This is possible as these=
 country codes are part of the servers' names.
<a name=3D"E278E8"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>Interim report after a year</b></p>
<p>As already mentioned 80 press services are continually saved at present.=
 In the meantime approximately 53.000 press releases have been locally save=
d, indexed as described above and offered on the Internet=20
		<font size=3D"-1"><i>[The URL of this service is <a href=3D"http://librar=
y.fes.de/cgi-bin/populo/pressen.pl">"//library.fes.de/cgi-bin/populo/press_=
en.pl"</a> , including the link to the fulltext retrieval as additional sea=
rch option.]</i></font>.<br>
			 Our experiences with this project are satisfactory, apart from a few ex=
ceptions. The outlined procedure is usually reliable and combines tradition=
al librarian methods of working with innovative approaches. But after havin=
g brought the concept from theory into practice some problems appeared, esp=
ecially in the context of the anarchical realities on the Internet:
</p><ol>


<li>  The programming effort for the project is much higher than originally=
 assumed. This results from the many changes in the layouts of the Internet=
 pages. For the project every change in the layout means a higher programmi=
ng effort.
</li><li>  Internet pages are often overloaded with Javascript elements. In=
 some cases this means that offline readers cannot save documents that are =
linked with such pages. It is not possible though to save these documents m=
anually as there are simply too many. Such press releases cannot be taken i=
nto account for the project due to technical reasons, even if they might be=
 of interest.
</li><li>  A growing number of press releases is not offered on the Interne=
t any more but sent to persons that are interested in them via e-mail. At p=
resent the Library of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation does not have an effic=
ient concept to handle this. Especially the extraction of relevant meta dat=
a from e-mails is hardly possible because the subject of an e-mail often do=
es not contain any relevant information.
</li><li>  The efficiency of the procedure differs extremely. Basically, th=
e efficiency of the procedure grows with the number of press releases that =
can be reached with a single starting address. This number is different for=
 every server and depends on many criterions. Apart from the general scope =
of the service, the organisation of the website and the flexibility of poss=
ibly used database interfaces is of special importance.
</li></ol>
<p>Some of these problems will be solved as soon as improved software is av=
ailable, especially problems concerning the use of offline readers. Also th=
e Internet and its new developments might require new conceptional ideas. T=
hus a systematically archiving of such press releases that are published vi=
a e-mail might lead to an exclusive fulltext indexing, which means a closer=
 approach to the Occasio project of the IISH=20
		<font size=3D"-1"><i>[For further information concerning the Occasio proj=
ect see <a href=3D"http://www.iisg.nl/occasio/">"//www.iisg.nl/occasio/"</a=
>.]</i></font>.<br>
		 Hopefully in the near future fulltext retrieval systems that are availab=
le as freeware on the Internet will support Dublin Core element sets in ord=
er to enable the realisation of the basic idea of the project.
<a name=3D"E278E9"></a>
</p><p align=3D"left"><b>Benefits for the IALHI member organisations</b></p=
>
<p>Because of the great amount of information sources offered on the Intern=
et it appears to be impossible for every single institution of the labour m=
ovement to collect everything that is published. With the increasing import=
ance of the Internet co-operations in collecting and indexing relevant docu=
ments become more and more important. Of course every institution is free i=
n forming scope and profile of its collecting activities corresponding to i=
ts aims and abilities. Within the IALHI the Library of the Friedrich Ebert =
Foundation is one of the biggest and most capable institutions. Further dev=
elopments in the described project will lead to a great international colle=
ction. For IALHI members this could offer the opportunity to link their own=
 Internet pages with this project in order to avoid extra work.
<!-- START END -->
</p><hr>
<font size=3D"-2">
=A9 <a href=3D"mailto:wwwadm@www.fes.de">Friedrich Ebert Stiftung</a>
| <a href=3D"https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/support.html">techn=
ical support</a> | net edition=20
<a href=3D"mailto:walter.wimmer@fes.de">fes-library</a> | Oktober 2001
</font></i></td></tr></tbody></table>
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