On 2nd February 2017, the Presidential Council of Libya, represented by Mr. Fayez Al-Sarraj, and the Italian government, represented by Prime Minister Mr. Paolo Gentiloni, signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to curb the flow of migrants from Libya to Europe. The MoU contains 12 points that aim at fostering collaboration between Libya and Italy to jointly face challenges for peace, security and stability, both within the two countries and in the Mediterranean region. The agreement supports the establishment of �safe� refugee camps within Libya and the voluntary repatriation of refugees, as well as further training and equipment for Libya�s struggling coastguard and the involvement of neighboring countries to contain flows of migrants. However, the MoU contains serious weaknesses that need to be taken into account, especially in regard to the implementation of the MoU by the Libyan government. Published by the Libya office of Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, this paper seeks to illuminate some enabling factors as well as key difficulties and obstacles for implementing such an agreement from a Libyan point of view. It also contains a set of recommendations to improve the management of migration flows in Libya, the respect of human rights and to alleviate the suffering of vulnerable migrants.