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How has Europe reacted to the energy supply crisis after the Russian attack on Ukraine? The countries of the European Union have so far been able to cope quite successfully with the supply crisis that followed the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A new reader by FES brings together sixteen country studies from Eastern, Central and Western Europe that describe how Europe�s government have reacted to the supply shock and how they plan to proceed in the future. In sum, Europe has been able to reduce its dependency on Russian fossil fuel to a high degree by a mixture of consumption changes, modifications of supply lines and a diversification of import sources.