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  • The Iranian-Saudi reconciliation, facilitated by China, marks a significant turning point, pausing the escalation of both countries’ rivalry. It also reflects broader geopolitical shifts and Beijing’s evolving role in shaping the Middle East’s affairs. Europe, the US, and Russia found themselves at the side-lines, forced to observe rather than to actively participate in a critical development in the Middle East. For Europe, the rapprochement poses a serious dilemma as Europeans need to strike a delicate balance between supporting diplomacy in the region without overlooking or tacitly endorsing the autocratic practices of Iran and Saudi Arabia.