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Shared security and peace governance : the Malian experience
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1.8. Private Security. In its restricted meaning, this expression refers to the security of persons. In a wider meaning, it refers to all the means required to protect individuals, corporate bodies and their properties against all sorts of risks, without any State intervention. For instance, security surveillance, cash transportation and personal protection companies provide private security services. They are private commercial firms or enterprises and security service providers approved by the Minister in charge of security and governed by special regulations. 1.9. Civil Security. This is a statutory mission of the State consisting of warning people against any sorts of risks through information, sensitization and alerts. 1.10. Human Security. In the narrow sense, this term means absence of danger, freedom from physical abuse of, or assault against, persons. Here, the State's security gives way to human security. In fact, with the notion of human security appeared the idea that the State should not be the sole object of security. The fuller definition of the concept came to light, for the first time, in the UNDP Human Development Report, 1994, which gave it the recognition. In that document, human security covers the security of both the State and persons. It concerns not least than eight areas, prominent amongst which are: political, economic, food, health and environment areas. According to several sources, in its holistic meaning, human security is defined as freedom from fear and want. Today, it can be understood as protection of persons against real or supposed threats, whether violent or not. These threats may originate from sickness, famine, unemployment, poverty, urban or suburban crimes, terrorism, violation of human rights, environment degradation, natural disasters or political, economic, social, cultural upheavals, etc. They may also be country-based, cross-border or transnational in character, originating from human or natural causes. This human security approach has introduced a new 9