management of security issues. It requires the integration of the security sector into the overall democratic process and a redistribution of roles and responsibilities between security actors, in a way as to let security become a determinant development factor. Apart from the widest possible participation of all sections of the society in the management of security issues, democratic governance of the security sector supposes submission of security forces to democratic oversight. Direct democratic oversight must be ensured by such institutions as the parliaments which have the powers to check governmental actions. But, in addition, within a democratic context, another type of oversight should be performed by certain civil society organisations which intervene in the area of peace, security and human rights, namely: control by the citizenry. This control, though indirect, seems necessary in as much as it offers the nation's active forces the opportunity to ensure qualitative governance of security. Most experts in this field acknowledge the fact that democratic governance of the security sector hinges on certain fundamental principles, such as: - Priority given by decision-makers to peace and security, manifestation of political will; - Integration of the security sector into the democratic process and global development scheme of the country or region; - Subordination of security forces to the duly constituted civilian authorities; - Adherence of security forces to the principles underlying universal democracy; - Access of security forces to professional training which is compatible with parameters of democratic requirements; - Management of resources allocated to security, in accordance with the management criteria governing public expenditure, in particular transparency, accountability and oversight; - Clear definition of rights and obligations of civilian and military actors; 17