Prominent amongst the deep causes of insecurity, poverty and under-development worldwide is the revoltingly unfair distribution of the world's wealth. In fact, in 2005, out of 6,5 billion inhabitants of our planet, just one(1) billion of persons control 80% of the world gross domestic product(GDP), while three(3) billion live in absolute poverty, with less than 2 dollars per day. Moreover, there is the obstinate will to frustrate the resolution of mankind's problems, particularly under­development. Development experts are unanimous in affirming that just by mobilising and judiciously investing 150 billion dollars in the developing world(25 billions in Africa) for 20 years, under­development would be eradicated. Meanwhile, official development assistance has been dropping for several years now. In 2004, it amounted to about 78 billion US Dollars 2 . 2.2. Africa's Security Landscape Africa was one of the most instable continents in the world. In addition to the existing crisis, armed conflicts, terrorism, and pervasive insecurity keep growing, with the inherent trafficking activities of all sorts, vehicle snatching, armed robberies, thefts, rapes, physical abuses, murders, political assassinations, emergence of child-soldier phenomenon, etc. During the'90s, Africa displayed to the world an unenviable security environment picture wherein certain States had practically lost grip on political, economic and social life. Somalia, Liberia, Rwanda, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Angola, Mozambique, Congo, Mali, Niger, Sudan, Algeria had been shaken by bloody internal strifes. In certain countries, the populations are often caught in the web of conflicts(rebellions, civil, ethnic and clannish wars, fighting between militia and regular military forces, etc.). The effects of these conflicts, which are often violent, on the populace, had been disastrous. Under these circumstances, while admitting that State's security is 2 To view all the figures contained in this chapter, please refer to: Zeïni Moulaye, Security Democratic Governance in Mali, a Challenge to Sustainable Development, Bamako, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2005, Page 45 and the following pages. 26