essential. That would be a quite original approach, relatively to the old system of managing security issues in Mali. Moreover, it would make it easier for the populations to appropriate the new approach under consideration. Furthermore, the civil society's advocated participation would give security forces a relief in their efforts to implement policies and boost chances of success. In fact, the civil society organisations could play a key role in the implementation of a new security policy since they are directly in touch with the populations. They could easily conduct sensitization, education and peace culture campaigns. It is therefore advisable to identify and target key organisations whose contribution to the debate will be qualitative enough and which might, subsequently, facilitate the set-up of coalitions and networks to support the new security approach. Gathering civil society organisations into coalitions and networks is essential, because it would make it possible, first, to have strategic social partners, secondly, to develop synergies of action and learning effects, and thirdly to act within a common and logical framework, directed towards a global objective: the New Governance of Peace and Security in Mali. In this exercise, women and youth organisations should also be given a key role to play, as they are already key players in the traditional conflict management mechanisms, owing to their extraordinary mobilisation capacity. Moreover, the women and the youths are the most populous components of the society, yet the most vulnerable to insecurity. The Women: Mobilisation of women will be organised upon two axes: sectoral gathering and cross-cutting challenges. At the sectoral stage, the following associations can be sollicited and encouraged to participate: CAFO, Women Jurists, Women Entrepreneurs, Women Communicators, Women Trade 108