Professor Attahiru M. Jega, OFR more secured than the 2011 Elections. We should also come up with implementable recommendations with immediate effect. While 2015 may seem a long way down the line, it is in reality just round the corner, and we cannot afford the luxury of waiting any longer. There is no doubt that starting to organize and plan early to meet the challenges of election security would go a long way to guarantee successful and peaceful conduct of free, fair and credible elections come 2015. I wish us all successful deliberations. Thank you. Professor Attahiru M. Jega, OFR Chairman xxiv ELECTION SECURITY IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING INEC/FES CONFERENCE ON SECURITY CHALLENGES OF ELECTION MANAGEMENT: MATTERS ARISING FROM 2011 AND ANTICIPATING 2015, KANO HALL, TRANSCORP HILTON HOTEL, ABUJA, AUGUST 29 30, 2012. ADDRESS BY CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF THE ELECTORAL INSTITUTE(TEI) Prof. Lai Olurode (1) In most Third World countries, where forces of democratization are unfolding, election security remains an issue. Access to power is highly priced because the states' hold on the economy has not abated much since independence. Indeed, the struggle to gain access to power and thus to state resources has not only remained protracted but fierce as well. (2) Civil wars and communal clashes are a common place, indeed a routine. This has been fuelled arms proliferation and civil wars in North Africa which were precipitated by the Arab spring and its aftermath. (3) The global community itself is experiencing unprecedented acts of killings, terrorisms, kidnappings and abductions. ELECTION SECURITY IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING xxv