Lilian Mahiri-Zaja person, one vote. These reforms are to allow for freedom of choice without intimidation or harassment. Election security is a major concern in most of Africa, neither political citizenship nor any form of citizenship can flourish under conditions of violence or its threat. Yet, most African Countries are emerging from decades of war and prolonged struggle for power between ethno-religious and regional groups. Reconstituting the electoral bodies is often part of these electoral reforms as well as sanitizing their mode of appointment and fine tuning the legal instrument setting them up. These reforms formed part of the Kenya National Accord and Reconciliation Act. A new constitution was also promulgated which established a new electoral body(the Independent National Electoral and Boundary Commission(IEBC). IEBC was established by article 88 and 89 of the new Constitution, it has a Chairperson and eight Commissioners. The Commission was mandated to reform and restore people's confidence in the electoral system. More specifically, the Commission was saddled with the following responsibilities: (a) the continuous registration of citizens as voters; (b) the regular revision of the voters roll; (c) the delimitation of constituencies and wards; (d) the regulation of the process by which parties nominate candidates for elections; (e) the investigation and prosecution of electoral offences 116 ELECTION SECURITY IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING New Security Challenges of Election Management in Kenya by candidates, political parties or their agent pursuant to Article 157(12) of the Constitution; (f) the use of appropriate technology and approaches in the performance of its functions; and (g) such other functions as are provided for by the Constitution or any other written law. 8.3 Security Challenges in Election management in Kenya A major challenge which has remained persistent across the African continent, in its quest for improving the democratization processes, is that of ensuring that political campaigns, election logistics and voting processes are characterized by high level of security without which free and fair elections would be a mirage. Security remains a constant variable throughout the electoral cycle. This cycle encompasses the following: (i) registration of voters, voter education; (ii) campaign periods, the actual polling day and of course during counting; (iii) tallying and declaration of scores and final results; Indeed, election security defines public and observer's perceptions of the electoral process. Without this bedrock, free and fair elections cannot be guaranteed; democracy can neither prevail nor flourish. The key question to ask is: were the electorates able to exercise their franchise freely and ELECTION SECURITY IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING 117