Ghana in Search of Regional Integration Agenda 36 Defence. One effect is that while CEPS has a para-military/security protection department, it tends to associate itself with the security agencies in good times and to dissociate from them in bad times. While the agencies relate relatively well, there are often pockets of resistance and friction between them. The creation of the BTU in the GIS in 2006 led to stiff opposition from CEPS which saw that as usurpation of its protection functions. Confusion also occurs between CEPS and GPS over arrest; the CEPS as a revenue agency is more interested in the revenue from arrested customs violators, the police is more interested in the criminal aspect of the matter. This leads to a tug of war in implementation. Similarly, the creation of the BPU raised opposition from CEPS which felt its preventive function was being usurped and also from the opposition who thought the arms-bearing officers could be deployed by the government for other purposes. ECOWAS has approved the introduction of the Joint Border Post System at both the Inter-Agency(police, customs and immigration) and the inter-state(for example Ghana-Togo) levels.The implementation has however been affected by lack of funds and non-cooperation at both levels. The agencies generally do not have their own institutional strategies in relation to regional integration but simply, operate according to the ECOWAS protocols as approved by the Ghana Government. While an institutional strategy would be useful, the GPS for example, is often restricted by its historical regimentalism. 51 Unregulated migration is perceived as a potential threat to domestic security. Migration challenges include the proliferation of criminal networks in the trafficking of narcotics, small arms, women and children and the menace of Fulani herdsmen. Ghana has not yet developed a coherent comprehensive policy for managing migration and combating illegal immigration. Inadequate structure and coordination among the relevant agencies at the national level impede the collection and analysis migration data to inform policy and practice. Sometimes the ECOWAS protocols contradict national rules and regulations.and the agencies must struggle to reconcile them. For example, the GPS has tried to reconcile the ECOWAS road regulation which impinged on Ghanaian road regulations. The approved height for load in the ECOWAS regulation of 14feet impinged on the approved 11feet in the Ghanaian regulation. The effect was that 51 Interview with outgoing Second in Command, Operations, Police Headquarters, 12 September 2008