Ghana in Search of Regional Integration Agenda 185 community citizens in a Member State and to be employed in accordance with the municipal laws of the country of residence. This phase provided for the abolition of any form of discrimination based on nationality among Member States as regards employment, remuneration and other conditions of work. Thus, Community Citizens could apply for employment in every Member State and have the right to travel freely for this purpose in the territories of Member States. The Third phase, which was to have started in 1991, provided for the right of establishment of business ventures by community citizens in Member States other than their own. It also included, in fulfilment of the need to attain regional integration, the gradual elimination of restrictions on the establishment of commercial or industrial enterprises or any other production units by ECOWAS citizens in Member States. Due to concerns about unauthorised migration, neither the second nor the third phases of implementation of the Protocol have led to unfettered rights of residence or establishment. 217 These concerns hinge on the absence of adequate mechanisms for controlling the entry of illegal immigrants into Member States, lack of harmonisation of national laws and policies on migration and inadequate infrastructure to facilitate realisation of borderless West Africa. 218 v. Conflict and Insecurity Economic decline in the West African sub-region has been accompanied by political instability and civil strife in a host of countries, including La Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo and Guinea. The net result of this insecurity is the time and effort expended by leaders in the sub-region to tackle conflicts to the detriment of the regional integration agenda. 219 F. Prospects Integration among the Member States of the ECOWAS, despite the lessons from the European Union model is still low. Attempts have however been made to achieve co-operation in a number of sectors. i. Movement of Persons In the area of movement of persons, the interdependence of migration issues and the challenges of globalisation have led to the adoption, at the 33 rd Summit of the ECOWAS Heads of State and Government on January 18 2008, of a Common 217 See Zlotnik, Hanik, 2003“Migrants' Rights, Forced Migration and Migration Policy in Africa”, available in pumprinceton.edu/pumconference/papers/6-zlotnik.pdf 218 See John Agyei and Ezekiel Clottey,“Operationalizing ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of People among the Member States: Issues of Convergence, Divergence and Prospects for Sub-Regional Integration” available at www. imi.ov.ac.uk/pds/CLOTTEY%and%AGYEI.pdf 219 See infra for efforts by ECOWAS Member States to tackle this problem.