Country Models 5. Country Models Democratic states use a variety of instruments to implement fundamental rights. Some concentrate mainly on negative civil rights, while others have a stronger focus on positive rights. The relationship between market economy and democracy also differs around the world. Traditional values and historic development have led to different state systems, from extremely liberal to social democratic, with either poorly or strongly developed welfare systems. However, countries ideological orientation is never completely liberal or social democratic. While, for example, economic development countries especially tend to have a liberal welfare policy, as they usually do not organize and/or cannot afford welfare states, some of them protect and restrict their markets in a very non-liberal way. Though the restriction of markets is surely not a typical social democratic principle, social democrats more likely believe that the structuring of a market sometimes can have positive effects, as it can support sustainable development and keep short­term profit interested companies out of the country, than liberals do. This demonstrates how one has to examine a country to understand its ideological orientation. Regardless, as Thomas Meyer said, the tension between democracy and market capitalism is not subject to any fixed order but is constantly negotiated between social actors. The results of such negotiations in four selected countries are presented briefly in this chapter. How we look at the country models can be applied to other country examples. All four models have a democratic tradition(while Germany has the shortest one) in which structures and values grew over time. Social democracy has been realized in these countries to different degrees: l the USA, which in terms of its basic features is almost a libertarian country and exhibits only a few elements which realize social democracy; l Great Britain, which must be considered a less inclusive social democracy; l Germany, which is a moderately inclusive social democracy; l Sweden, which is a highly inclusive social democracy. USA The traditional American value is liberty. The Constitution strongly protects the individual against the encroachment of the state, and negative civil rights are of high importance. Of the social democratic core values, freedom seems to be the main value that is politically realized in the USA as social inequality and exclusion are formative for the American society and indeed, “Traditional values and historic development have led to different state systems, from extremely liberal to social democratic, with either poorly or strongly developed welfare systems.” 25