Appendix II personnel, election managers, development partners, CSOs, etc., came together to brainstorm and share views and experiences on the matters arising from the planning and execution of security strategies put in place for the conduct of 2011 elections with a focus to make the 2015 elections more secure. While noticeable improvement had been made on the effective coordination of security agents during the 2011 elections through especially the ICCES, there was the need to do more especially, in the context of the disaster that was the 2011 post-election violence in the northern part of the country. The former Resident Representative of FES, Nigeria, Thomas Mattig(page xv) in his welcome address pointed that,“It is important to consolidate on these gains[made] and work towards even better polls in 2015, despite the current tension in the country.” The book is therefore timely as it presents a roadmap towards secure and peaceful polls in 2015. The preliminary pages(28 in all) were devoted to speeches and addresses by the key stakeholders to the workshop. In the foreword to the book the current Resident Representative of FES, Nigeria, Ms Seija Sturies on concern for an environment infested with increased acts of violence and terrorism brings to the fore the need to act and act fast by stating,(in page vii),“… hence the urgency and importance of developing and employing security measures so as to control, contain and prevent factors that trigger disorder and violence during elections.” A key issue therefore remained on how to enhance the professional conduct of security agents as well as reverse their tendency of seeing their role as essentially that of securing the lives, property and electoral interests of'big men of power' and enable them to transcend communal, primordial and narrow ethno-religious loyalties'(page x). 116 Appendix II The Keynote Address, entitled'Security Challenges of Election Management: Towards 2015' was given by no less a person than the Chairman of the INEC, Professor Attahiru Jega, OFR. He underscored the importance of security of elections, pointing to the need to make 2015 elections more secure than those of 2011 through 'implementable recommendations.' Security challenges abound, not only in terms of the reoccurrence of previously identified ones but also of“… how to balance the imperative of securing the electoral process with the need to allow voters unfettered opportunity to come out and cast their votes without fear or intimidation as a result of the presence of security personnel”(page xxiii). He cautioned that election security must not be left to the security agencies and EMBs; all other stakeholders such as the media, NOA, community leaders, CSOs, etc. have significant roles to play in the task of securing the electoral environment(page xxiii). Several important themes have been treated in the nine(9) chapters of the book, two of which treated the Kenyan elections experiences and the lessons to be learnt therein. Distinguished scholars, experts, election managers, legal luminaries and other stakeholders have tried to do justice to the multifarious issues addressed in the different chapters of the book. The result is a lucid and concise compendium with dispassionate analysis about how matters arising from the election security challenges could be tackled. If implemented, the recommendations contained in the book have the potency to guarantee peace before, during and after elections in 2015. The editor of the book, a well-known sociologist of repute and National Commissioner at INEC, Professor'Lai Olurode, was able to spin the very fine thread that linked all the chapters in an easy-to­read manner that is almost free of typos(pages xi, xii, xv, xxii, xxv, 35, 117