Rhoda Osei-Afful Rhoda Osei-Afful is a Research Officer at the Ghana Centre for Democratic Development(CDD-Ghana) where she is part of the team that manages the CDD's election projects including the activities of the Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO), for which CDD-Ghana serves as the Secretariat. She holds an MPhil in International Affairs from the Legon Centre for International Affairs(LECIA), University of Ghana, and a BA in Sociology with Political Science from the same university. Her research interests include election and electoral processes, good governance, and democratization processes in African countries. Mustapha Abdallah Mustapha Abdallah is a Research Associate with the International Institutions Programme based at the Faculty of Academic Affairs and Research, KAIPTC. He holds an MA in International Affairs and BA in Geography and Resource Development, both from the University of Ghana, Legon. His research interest has focused on conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, civilian protection and the emerging norm of 'Responsibility to Protect(R2P)' in Africa. Mustapha has co­XV