Managing Election- Relation Violence for Democratic Stability in Ghana and political liberties to Ghanaians(ibid.). The quest for political power to develop the country with the participation of the broad mass of Ghanaians in politics became the goal of partisan politics with the launch in 1949 of Kwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party(CPP). Described by some as Ghana's first genuine political party, the CPP played a crucial role in introducing massbased politics into the country(Fridy, 2007) in the context of the struggle for independence. According to Morrison(2004) and Fobih(2011), the political processes in the country have produced two separate traditions – one liberal and the other populist, although they are not substantially different. The UGCC led by J.B. Danquah, and its descendant formations later led by K.A. Busia, belong to the liberal(Danquah-Busia-Dombo) tradition with a focus on fundamental human rights and private ownership of the factors of production. Nkrumah's CPP constitutes the populist/Nkrumahist tradition with a belief in public ownership of the factors of production. Throughout the period following political independence in 1957, every political regime including military regimes have leaned towards one tradition or the other. Also, military regimes tend to ban party politics once they assume power. However, when military regimes decide to return the country to constitutional rule, they tend to ban the party name and symbols of the government they toppled. For example, the National Liberation Council(NLC) banned the CPP in 1969. The Supreme Military Council(SMC) regime banned the Progress Party(PP) in 1978. The Provisional National Defence Council regime banned all prev 1 io 2 u 3 s political party names in 1992(Aryee, 2008). 145
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Managing election-related violence for democratic stability in Ghana
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