Chapter 5 Elections Database, 2012). Ghana's Electoral Commission(EC) has published detailed parliamentary election results for 1996, 2004 and 2008. Kwame Ninsin(Ninsin, 2006) provides data for the remaining gaps. The analysis reveals more startling figures regarding the number of independent candidates that sidestep their parties and stand in parliamentary elections against candidates of their former party. Table 2: Independent candidates in Parliamentary elections in Ghana Year Independent candidates Independent MPs 1992 12 1996 57 2000 59 2 None 4 2004 122 1 2008 94 5 Data source: Electoral Commission website; and Kwame Ninsin, Political Parties and Political Participation in Ghana, 2006 156