Chapter 9 station to the other, one meeting to the other, tormenting Obed out of blind loyalty”(Modern Ghana, 2005). In a recent development, Essiam and Anita de Souza(NDC National Women's Organiser) engaged in a verbal exchange on Metro Television during which de Souza called Essiam a traitor. In response, Essiam referred to de Souza as a prostitute (Ghanaweb.com, 2012). The name calling at the TV station was so virulent that the programme had to be truncated. According to statements attributed to her, Essiam had allowed herself to be used to transmit verbal violence against Obed Asamoah in 2005, and in 2012 she continued to facilitate violent verbal attacks – by calling another woman a prostitute, a term that has been used by men to denigrate women, including herself. In a separate but related vein, on 14 th February 2012, Ms. Ursula Owusu, the self-styled'Queen of the Street' appeared on Metro TV's'Good Morning Ghana' wearing a T-shirt with the inscription 'All-die-be-die', the controversial call to the party faithful by NPP flagbearer Nana Akufo-Addo(Modernghana.com, 2011). Again, she is alleged to have advised members of her party to'arm themselves for 2012'(Daily Guide, 2011). Finally, after the alleged attack in the Odododiodio constituency, Owusu allegedly announced that she would return the following day to the constituency with armed bodyguards, and actually did (Citifmonline, 2012). It is interesting to note that Ms. Essiam and Ms Owusu who have been victims of violence, have also become vectors for the transmission of violence. Could their posture as vectors of violence be a counter-reaction to the election-related violence they suffered? While answering this question would require 298
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Managing election-related violence for democratic stability in Ghana
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