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Managing election-related violence for democratic stability in Ghana
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Managing Election- Relation Violence for Democratic Stability in Ghana We argue that the aftermath of the 2008 elections in particular, has been characterized by a wave of violent agitation throughout the country, especially by politically aligned youth and youth groups, over issues of supposed non-fulfilment of electoral promises made to them, their marginalization in the appointment of local public office-holders, control of some public property, and high expectations about working towards party victory in elections. The chapter situates the analysis of the problem within the theory of'Youth Bulge' as an explanatory model for understanding the antecedents of youth involvement in political and electoral violence. It also provides an overview of youth involvement in contemporary Ghanaian politics and their contribution to the political development of the country. It concludes with recommendations for curbing the excesses of youth involvement in politics, including political and electoral violence. The State of the Youth in Ghana The United Nations defines youth as persons falling between the ages 15 and 24. This group of people, according to the United Nations Programme on Youth, constitutes about 18 percent of the world's population(close to 1.8 billion people). About 17 percent of this world youth population also live in Africa, out of the about 87 percent who live in developing countries. It is significant that the definition of who constitutes'youth' varies across countries and organizations(Hilker and Fraser, 2009:9). In Ghana, the 2010 National Youth Policy defines'youth' as persons falling within the age bracket of 15 and 35. This definition is the 307