2.5 g~j †PZbv¸‡jvi PP©v ˆbwZK †PZbv¸‡jvi ZvwË¡K welq ch©v‡jvPbvi ci Avgiv GLb G¸‡jvi e¨envi †`Le| cÖwZw`bKvi ivR‰bwZK weZ‡K© MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ Gme †PZbv Kx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? wewfbœ ch©vq †_‡K cÖvß D`vniY bZzb aviYv ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Avi G¸‡jvi e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Ki‡e| 2.5.1 wkÿvbxwZ 9 g~j cwiKíbv(gv÷vi cø¨vb): Ôwe`¨vjq fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡iÕ- cÖMwZkxj wkÿvbxwZi ¯’vbxq cÖ‡qvM 10 gvK© nviUvi 2003 mv‡j cÖ_g wcmv( PISA ) M‡elYvq Rvg©vb wkÿv e¨e¯’vi NvUwZ wPwýZ Kivi ci †_‡K RvZxq, cÖv‡`wkK(f‚wg) I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q e¨vcKfv‡e wkÿvbxwZ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GB Av‡jvPbvi †K‡›`ª †h mZ¨ i‡q‡Q Zv nj Ab¨ †`k¸‡jvi Zzjbvq Rvg©vwb‡Z wkÿvi djvdj †gvUvgywUfv‡e wkï I ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡Ui mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| Zvn‡j GKwU mvgvwRKfv‡e b¨vh¨ I GKZvwfwËK we`¨vjq e¨e¯’v, hv GKBmv‡_ mevB‡K Zv‡`i wkÿv I †ckv m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ †bIqvi ¯^vaxbZv †`‡e, Zv †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i? nvg-G GmwcwW GB cÖkœwU jy‡d †bq Avi GKwU ALwÐZ mvgvwRK MYZvwš¿K aviYv ˆZwi K‡i hv Z_vKw_Z Ôg~j cwiKíbv: we`¨vjq fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡iÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GKwU kni wn‡m‡e nvg GKwU cÖkvmwbK †Rjv| Gi wbR¯^ AwaKv‡i nvg Zvi we`¨vjq¸‡jv cwiPvjbv K‡i, Avi GKBmv‡_ Gme we`¨vj‡qi Ôfwel¨r-†Kw›`ªK Dbœq‡biÕ Rb¨`vqe×| Zvn‡j GB Ôg~j cwiKíbvÕi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? G‡ÿ‡Î ejv hvq nvg-Gi we`¨vjq bxwZ PwiÎMZfv‡e ÔmvgwqKÕ(†hLv‡b wmwWBD/ GdwWwcÕi †RvU ÿgZvq i‡q‡Q)| Ab¨ K_vq, hLb we`¨vj‡q QvÎ wbeÜb A‡bK †ewk †e‡o hvq ev K‡g hvq ZLb nq we`¨vj‡qi cwimi evov‡bv nq, QvÎ msL¨v wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv nq, A_ev Qv·`i Ab¨ we`¨vj‡q cvVv‡bv nq hZÿY bv fvimvg¨ 9 wkÿvi Rb¨ †`Lyb wiWvi 3: Kj¨vY ivóª I mvgvwRK MYZš¿(2012), Aa¨vq 7.5, wkÿv| 10 GB D`vniYwU we`¨vjq Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Ici wfwË K‡i hv GmwcwW nvg-G ev¯Íevqb K‡i| 40