International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation identify the three most important challenges for stability and security in the Western Balkans. In this respect, concordant, Political Islam, Cyber(in) security and fragile states were indexed as existing or potential threats that are interconnected. Against this background these three current security issues for the Western Balkans are thus also the thematic priorities for our conference today and tomorrow. of the world the precarious system of balance of power still applies(…) Today: To the place of the fragile balance of the powers the European legal community has stepped. A war in Europe which has now become unthinkable. But 100 years ago it was this already once.” Diplomacy today in the Western Balkans must aim to escape, primarily, from the historical ethno nationalistic demons and to prepare the way political win-win. In the south of Europe with a view at the refugee situation in the Mediterranean and the threats of the disintegration of the Middle East and North Africa these upcoming conicts to Europe range from the failing states – following bad governance- the EU is relatively helpless. In other words: Although the security challenges in Europe are increasing – the majority of the societies in the EU member 4 states reject that military thinking could solve the problems. Facing the Balkans and Afghanistan – for the EU member states the so called golden or fat years of military security of uncertainty are over. All western societies are getting tired of interventions. With regard to many atrocities ­this is regrettable- but it is a matter of fact. But we also know, military operations can only open short windows of opportunities- not more. Where in the past military operations failed, they did not fail because of the military capabilities ­but due to the missing political capacities in the recipient countries. “To stop political recklessness, to reduce mutual mistrust, to balance unemotional alternatives and to explore compromises – that would have been the task of politics and diplomacy to prevent the First World War. However it did not the tools, but the will.” The German Foreign Minister Frank Walter Steinmeier who said this in a speech last year about the Failure of Diplomacy:“In many parts