International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation Southeast Asia and again to North Africa, to from Islam. In order to restore legitimacy, true Subsaharan countries and Yemen on the Arabian Islam has to be reinjected into these societies. Peninsula. Since the Arab uprising, one sees it As there seems to be no other way, it has to be in former secular Syria and Iraq and of late in done by violence. The various Jihadi Europe. The caliphate of the„Islamic State“ organizations differ over the priorities of their which was established in 2014 constitutes the struggle. But looking back over the last decades rst State being established by an Jihadist one easily sees that the frontline is running more movement attracting Muslim militants from within Muslim societies themselves than many parts of the globe, among them the between the West and the Muslim world. This is Balkans. also conrmed by the most recent examples of Syria and Iraq. Analyzing the root causes of the movement presents a very complex and far from 3) Western policy has been instrumental in homogeneous picture. Both domestic and allowing the militant Islamic ideology grow to its external factors must be taken into present strength. Not only in the sense of consideration. An uneasy feeling of Western applying double standards quoted above. But superiority is a very strong motive. The Muslim again and again the West(in its widest 10 world is perceived as being subject to the domination by outside powers which execute geographical extension) has instrumentalized Islamic militants for its own political purposes. It their domination according to their own political probably started in the context of the East-West­or economic interests. This may happen directly conict. The case of the war in Afghanistan has through the projection of military power as in been mentioned already. Moreover, Saudi Afghanistan and in Iraq. Or it may happen Arabia, a notorious ally of the USA, has nanced indirectly by instrumentalizing the ruling elites as many sorts of Islamic political organizations ­puppets to serve the interests of outside ofcially and unofcially – and thus has powers. Economically, the widening gap contributed to radicalizing believers abusing the between various social strata and widespread mosques and spreading radical Wahhabi poverty exacerbates the feeling of living in an interpretation of Islam and, eventually supplying unjust society. Finally, double standards in them with money to arm themselves. Other policial practices seem to conrm that the West „western“ countries have been supportive to sets rules and value systems exclusively to radical Islamic organizations: In the late 1960 achieve its own purposes. From the policy of Israel supported Hamas against the PLO and Israel to the nuclear issue, there are innumerable after the conict in Syria had escalated with cases which are complained about in this Bashar al-Asad remaining in power, Turkey for a respect. while has colluded with Islamic militants in order to accelerate the fall of the regime in Damascus. Accordingly, Jihadi action is executed in two directions: Against the West, rst and foremost On the other side, few efforts were made to the USA as being charged of masterminding the resort to diplomacy and try to engage those, conspiracy against the Muslim world. And who were regarded as radicals in a political against the ruling circles in many of Muslim manner. Military action onesidedly prevailed. societies as, allegedly, they have turned away The West not only has not been ready to talk to