International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation a) Denitely, as parts of the movement go violent interprete Islam in the light of modern values and themselves, the use of military means to confront realities. From this point of view and in terms of them, is requested. But military measures must intercultural dialogue, Shi'ite ulama seem to be be clearly dened and transparent. The use of somewhat ahead of their Sunni homologues. indiscriminate strategies and measures in terms of weapon systems and targets to be hit must be c) Western policy has to give up an attitude of just avoided. In the past, the use of drones f.e. has selective respect of international law and human created as many new enemies as it has struck rights. Examples which demonstrate its behaviour real ghters. according to double standards abound. The recent scandal of the use of torture by American Fighting back by mililtary means, however, must security forces in the context of„war on not be seen as an exclusive task to be shouldered terorirsm“ points into this direction. And instead by Western powers. The challenge is to the of working together with authoritarian regimes, people in the Islamic world themselves. As it has who constantly violate the principles of human shown, it is them who suffer most; therefore the and civic rights, in the name of„stability and task to defend themselves has to be accepted by security“, it has to support those strands in the the Muslim societies themselves. Western military societies who struggle for pluralism and the rule 14 may give a cover, support and training. But they have to refrain from operating themselves on the of law. And the West's tolerating constant violations of human rights and international law by ground. Israel is a case in point which since long undermines the West's credibility particularly vis à b) The elites in the West and in the Muslim world vis the Arab world. have to build their relationship on a completely new basis. A broad alliance of people of good will Finally, in the West – and this applies to European (and this still is a majority in every society) has to societies mostly- one has to accept that societies stand together against extremism of every kind are in a process of deep changes. Islam has everywhere. To achieve this, the mindset has to become part of Europe. Obviously, this reality be changed in Western societies, turning from an seems to be difcult to accept to large portions of exclusive to an inclusive perception of the Islamic people on the old continent. The challenge of neighbourhood. This applies rst and foremost to integration is on the political, social and cultural Europe. For many decades, in the West, Islam and agenda. If and when Europe fails organizing Muslims have been seen as„the other“, as more peaceful living side by side between non-Muslim or less alien to modern values. In the future, in majorities and Muslim minorities, radicals and Europe one has to realize that the quality of fundamentalists in the Muslim world will take Europe's place in the international system in the every opportunity to blame„the West“ of waging 21st century, to a large degree, depends on the another crusade against Muslims and will feel quality of its relations with its Muslim justied to respond violently. neighbourhood. This implies a variety of political, economic and cultural strategies not to be discussed at this place. As to the Muslim societies themselves, theologians(as religion plays such an overwhelming role in individual and public life) have to make greater efforts to re-