International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation Both cases reveal the security-political relevance of this new form of threat to national security. A revision and adaptation of national and international defence policies is therefore urgently needed. Cyber attacks are real and current threats to strategic ICT-dependent infrastructure and can in fact be debilitating. In this environment, crises, tensions, and defence scenarios assume a very different character when compared to the time of the Cold War. Signicantly, national cooperation between government, the private sector, and academia—as well as international support—were instrumental in conning the damage caused by cyber warfare and quickly restoring regular service. In particular, the case of Estonia as a model for a state that is in transition to a highly developed information society nevertheless underscores the increasing dependence of information societies upon strategic infrastructures for functioning information and communication technologies; moreover, and it reveals weak points that invite attacks from adversaries. THE POTENTIAL THREAT OF CYBER ATTACKS Likely targets of cyber attacks are the basic Cyber-attack is extremely difcult, if not values and functions of the strategic ICT-based impossible, to ascertain. Targets of an attack infrastructures of a state: availability, can be hit within an extremely short period of condentiality and integrity. Due to the time and, possibly with the goals of 55 worldwide web, a Cyber-attack can be launched from any place on earth, making it considerably encouraging the subsequent use of the affected hardware or software, the extent of the physical harder to trace and identify than conventional damage of targets can be intentionally limited military threats. The low costs of carrying out a by the attacker. In addition, other common Cyber-attack greatly extends the scope of means and methods of electronic attack can be potential perpetrators, where not only states but employed simultaneously, such as physical terrorist groups and even individuals can be attacks against critical ICT structures with attackers and the motives can be political, incendiary attacks, bombs, and EMP, ideological, religious, ethnic as well as microwave and laser technology. Thus, the economic, anarchic or merely personal. Finally, actual extent of a state's vulnerability can only given their potential for causing damage, be assessed after a detailed analysis, especially attacks against ICT should be categorized as since the extent of networking and the balance the equivalent of an“armed attack” in the sense of dependency on strategic ICT resources must of Article 51 of the UN Charta or as a political be initially determined.. or general“criminal act”. Among the most widespread methods of carrying out cyber attacks are the deployment of botnets, malicious and damage-inicting software, and the introduction of faulty hardware as well as methods to disrupt or paralyze ICT. Essential advantages for any attacker include:(a) the inexpensive means;(b) the low probability of being discovered; and(c) being independent of the time and place of the actual attack. Importantly, the preparation of a Targets of the partly coordinated attacks in Estonia and Georgia were the networks of the government, political parties, and banks. If additional attacks were launched against energy supply installations(especially electricity supply), centres of telecommunication providers, security agencies for internal and external security(i.e. the police and the military) and against television and radio stations a full­blown