International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation IN CYBERSPACE, TRADITIONAL SECURITY APPROACHES ARE INSUFFICIENT In the future, cyber security will grow bandwidth, not terrestrial geography. Second, increasingly synonymous with national security. the blinding proliferation of technology and Today, national security decision makers are hacker tools makes it impossible to be familiar already responsible for the security of not one with all of them – especially“zero-day” attacks, computer or even thousands, but millions, against which there is no defense(or including the cyberspace around them. knowledge). Third, cyber attacks are exible enough to be effective for propaganda, How will nations prepare for the cyber wars to espionage, and even the destruction of critical come? First, by investing in new technologies infrastructure. And fourth, there are currently such as Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6), few moral inhibitions to cyber attacks because which ends the world's current shortage of they relate primarily to the use and abuse of computer addresses and offers improved security features such as mandatory support data and computer code – so far, there is little perceived human suffering. 80 for Internet Protocol Security(IPSec). This is a logical approach – the best way to x a What about traditional military deterrence? At technical problem is with a technical solution. least three factors diminish its credibility: However, the dynamic nature of the Internet acquisition, attribution, and asymmetry. First, marketplace, and political tension between data cyber tools and tactics are relatively easy to 64 privacy, law enforcement, and human rights, will ensure that there is no silver bullet, at least acquire. There is no readily apparent difference between expertise in computer network defense in a purely technical sense. 79 and computer network offense – they are essentially one and the same discipline. Second, nations will incorporate cyber attack Second,“attribution”, or the anonymous hacker and defense into everything they do. In terms of problem(e.g. an attacker's ability to operate military doctrine, the dream of winning quietly and to disguise their true location) international conicts without ghting is as old as Sun Tzu's Art of War. However, no one decreases the chances of deterrence via retaliation for an attack. 81 Finally, there is no currently knows whether cyber tactics and better example of cyber asymmetry than strategies will be a positive or negative “MaaBoy”, who as a teenager in 2001 caused development on warfare. If cyber attacks play a lead role in future wars, and a sizable portion of over$1 billion in corporate losses during a successful DoS attack. 82 the ght is over IT infrastructure, future wars could be shorter and cost fewer lives, with At some point in the future, world leaders may quicker economic recovery and post-war decide to negotiate a cyber arms control treaty diplomacy – but only time will tell. or a non-aggression pact for cyberspace. However, the nature of a“cyber weapon” poses Many aspects of“cyber conict”, however, are a unique challenge to any such regime. How do revolutionary, and may be hard to square with you prohibit something that is inherently hard to traditional law enforcement principles and dene, such as“malicious” code? How do you military doctrine. First, the proximity of inspect something as big as cyberspace, when adversaries is determined by connectivity and a single USB Flash drive can hold trillions of 79 Geers, K.“IPv6: World Update,” coauthored with Alexander Eisen, ICIW 2007: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security 85-94(2007). 80 Geers, K.(9 Feb 2011)“Sun Tzu and Cyber War,” Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, 1-23. 81 Geers, K.(2010)“The Challenge of Cyber Attack Deterrence,” Computer Law and Security Review 26(3) 298-303. 82 Verton, D.(2002) The Hacker Diaries: Confessions of Teenage Hackers(NY: McGraw-Hill/Osborne).