International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation (ISP) level, but such regimes are already commonplace, such as China's Golden Shield Project, the European Convention on Cybercrime, Russia's SORM, 83 and the USA PATRIOT Act. Each is unique in terms of guidelines and enforcement, but all face the same problem of overwhelming trafc volume – not to mention political disagreements over data privacy and human rights issues. Despite all of this, cyber arms control may be in our future, because in cyberspace, we all live in glass houses. One possible model is the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC), which compels signatories to destroy CW stockpiles, forbids them from producing any more, and gives practical aid to its members in the form of advocacy and the peaceful advancement of science. In a similar fashion, a cyber weapons convention could create an internationally staffed institution to help signatories improve cyber defenses, recover from attacks, and promote peaceful uses for computer science. 84 THE NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Governments today are confronted with a against everyone. Progress in strategic cyber paradox: disconnecting from the global Internet security will be difcult, however, due to is folly, and yet network connectivity can legacies of conict, poor technical skills, and provide adversaries with a medium through which to commit cyber crime, 85 cyber fears of losing national sovereignty. However, in the end, we have no choice. Nations will remain 65 espionage, or even cyber war. And there is only so much they can do about it, because law technically, legally, and morally responsible for their own network infrastructure, but forced to enforcement jurisdiction ends every time a reach out to international partners for help on a network cable crosses an international border. regular basis. Over the past twenty years, cyber investigators have spent countless hours staring blankly at At a technical level, international institutions long lists of foreign Internet Protocol(IP) already lie at the heart of Internet management. addresses, with virtually no clue about how to see behind them. Since 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN) 86 has managed the communication protocols that Cyberspace is bigger than any country. once belonged to the U.S. Department of Therefore, cyber security is an international Defense. In theory, the U.S. government has the problem that requires an international solution. right to veto fundamental changes to the One of the most vexing characteristics of cyber attacks is that they are normally routed through system, but in practice ICANN operates independently. 87 That said, ICANN only makes unwitting third parties, in which“middle man” sure that information – in the form of data proxy computers are successfully attacked“packets” – gets from point A to point B on the along the way in order to cover the trail of the Internet; it does not control access, police attacker. Unfortunately, this dynamic not only Internet content, or stop cyber attacks. facilitates short-term cyber attacks, but also has a corrosive effect on the long-term integrity The task of making sure that information sent of the Internet as a whole, and suggests that a across the Internet does not break national or cyber attack against anyone is a cyber attack international law falls to national-level law 83 Система Оперативно-Розыскных Мероприятий or“System for Operative Investigative Activities.” 84 Geers, K.(2010)“Cyber Weapons Convention,” Computer Law and Security Review 26(5) 547-551. 85 E.g. Internet fraud, credit card fraud, bank card skimming, the dissemination of child pornography, etc. 86 www.icann.org. 87 McCullagh, Declan.“ICANN rejects US domain-name veto proposal,” CNET News,(01 Mar 11).