International Conference: Current Security Challenges for the Western Balkan Region Addressed by Means of Joint Responsibility and Cooperation enforcement and counterintelligence perception. organizations. Toward this end, the most important international legislation to date is the Therefore, quicker and more tangible progress Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime, on strategic cyber security may come within the issued in 2001 and now signed by 51 nations context of regional political and military (acceded by 44) from around the world. This treaty, supplemented by the Protocol on alliances. The European Union(EU), with the highest GDP in the world, 93 already has a legal Xenophobia and Racism Committed through and policy framework that includes robust Computer Systems, is the only binding support for electronic signatures, online international agreement related to cyber services, spam ltering, consumer protection, security, and is considered an archetypal template for countries to use domestically. 88 individual privacy and digital copyrights. Furthermore, the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 strengthened the EU's security A successful cyber crime treaty is a good start, credentials by increasing the Council's authority but what happens when cyber attacks cross the to dene a common approach to foreign and threshold of terrorism – or even warfare? The security challenges, and by encouraging Russian government has long argued that an Member States to act in closer security agreement similar to those that have been cooperation with one another. The Organization signed for weapons of mass destruction(WMD) could be helpful in securing the Internet. 89 In for Security and Cooperation in Europe(OSCE) – a 56-nation group that extends from North 1998, Russia successfully sponsored United America to Central Asia – has sponsored many 66 Nations(UN) Resolution 53/70,“Developments in the eld of information and cyber security“Expert Workshops,” including in both Serbia and Croatia. telecommunications in the context of international security;” 90 which states that while In terms of international military might, modern information and communication however, no organization today can match technology(ICT) offers civilization the“broadest NATO, whose raison d'être since 1949 has been positive opportunities”, it was nonetheless the collective defense of its Member States. vulnerable to misuse by criminals and terrorists. 91 In 2010, this resolution was co­NATO links Europe with North America, and has a formal dialogue with dozens of additional sponsored by the U.S. There are currently two nations in its Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, streams of ongoing cyber dialogue at the UN: Mediterranean Dialogue, Istanbul Cooperation one relative to cyber crime and another on Initiative, and Contact Countries. All told, these cyber warfare. One concrete achievement has partnerships span the globe. According to been the UN's sponsorship of a conference Suleyman Anil, Head of Cyber Defence in series called the World Summit on the Information Society(WSIS). 92 Despite these NATO's Emerging Security Challenges Division, the 2007 crisis in Estonia transformed the achievements, however, the UN's enormous organization's perspective on cyber security: size can also be an obstacle to progress, as “Estonia was the rst time …[we saw] there are numerous antagonistic political and possible involvement of state agencies; that the military alliances within the organization, and a great disparity among Member States in terms cyber attack can bring down a complete national service, banking, media…” 94 NATO's of ICT infrastructure, law, policy, and threat latest Strategic Concept describes cyber attacks 88 The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime(www.coe.int). 89 Markoff, J.& Kramer, A.E.(27 Jun 2009)“U.S. and Russia Differ on a Treaty for Cyberspace,” The New York Times. 90 “53/70: Developments in the eld of information and telecommunications in the context of international security,”(4 Jan 1999) United Nations General Assembly Resolution: Fifty-Third Session, Agenda Item 63. 91 Ibid. 92 WSIS is co-sponsored by the International Telecommunications Union(ITU). 93 In 2010, the European Union had a GDP of nearly$15 trillion USD(www.cia.gov). 94 Gardner, Frank.(3 Feb 2009)“NATO's cyber defence warriors,” BBC News. 95 “Active Engagement, Modern Defence: Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation,”(2010) NATO website:www.nato.int.