SUMMARY Designing mobility for liveable and social cities Case studies from local partners in Bengaluru, Hanoi, Jakarta and Metro Manila Ingo Kucz and Sascha Naji(eds) Cities attract people to their numerous social and economic opportunities. Yet, urban and mobility development in many cities typically cannot keep pace with the influx of people. Despite many cities’ efforts to keep up, their policies tend to lack a prioritized mix of functional and social parameters for urban development. Although the planned development of many Asian megacities has led to economic welfare gains, the progress has come at the expense of quality of life and social equality. Local partners of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Regional Project on Climate and Energy in Asia conducted four case studies on urban and mobility development in the region. Covering the cities of Bengaluru(India), Hanoi(Vietnam), Jakarta(Indonesia) and Metro Manila(Philippines), the studies revolved around a central question: How might we design a mobility system in such a way that all people can participate in social and economic life, where economic development is supported and where the negative effects for the society and the climate can be eliminated? Particular importance was given to rethinking the functional mix, or the spatial combination of different urban functions, and how they enable different transport behaviour. A report is available for each city. An individual with a professional perspective on urban development was commissioned to produce each study. Each case study looked at the history of transport in the city, the current and ten-year projected planning situation; the affordability, availability and inclusivity of the transport systems; the safety and reliability; and the ecological sustainability. This summary collates the messages of those studies and particular references from each researcher’s opinion. In some aspects, there are significant differences in how cities, their representatives and citizens act or can act in central fields of action for sustainable and socially fair urban and transport. Status quo The following basic constellation emerges for all four cities: In recent decades, cities have experienced strong population growth. Sustainable mobility options, such as public transport or cycling, have hardly grown at all or rely on smaller motorized vehicles. There is a high prevalence of two­wheelers, with a trend towards greater motorization and an increase in car ownership in correlation with the increase in purchasing power. As a result, transport infrastructure is geared towards private motorized vehicles, leaving roads heavily congested. And this leads to noise, particulate matter, CO2 emissions and immense loss of time due to traffic jams during long commutes. All of the four metropolises are at a point where they need to leave the path dependency of uncontrolled urban and transport development. Walking and cycling are subordinated to cars and two-wheelers due to the emphasis of road infrastructure in urban development. Because of the high prevalence of motorized vehicles, which often share the space with other road users, the risk potential for weak or slow road users is high. All cities recognize the need to shift from private transport towards more sustainable, safe and inclusive alternatives. Each city government has taken action on different levels with varying degrees of effectiveness. To tackle these challenges, the governments put different initiatives and projects into practice. Among them, the following are noteworthy.