Mapping Labour Unions in Pakistan not to enact laws that are inconsistent with fundamental rights. 15 1.3.1. 18 th Constitutional Amendment Before the 18 th constitutional amendment in 2010, labour was a subject of the concurrent list, under which both the National and Provincial Assemblies had the authority to enact legislation. However, the federal legislation largely overruled provincial legislation, causing tensions between the provinces on autonomy. In April 2010, the 18 th Constitutional Amendment devolved labour and 47 other items in the Concurrent Legislative List(CLL) to the provinces. The amendment significantly altered the federal and provincial governments' roles and responsibilities, with certain powers previously performed by the federal government devolved to the provinces. Since devolution, all labour related provisions are currently handled by the provincial labour departments. After devolution, the provincial administrations have enacted legislation stated to comply with the national constitution and international commitments(ILO labour standards). Each province has enacted its Industrial Relations Acts to register and promote unions inside their jurisdictions. The Federal Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development (MOPHRD) is also now in charge of coordinating the implementation of labour legislation. In addition, the mandate of the National Industrial Relations Commission(NIRC) in Islamabad covers trans-provincial trade unions and employer-worker relations in trans-provincial enterprises and industries. The MOPHRD also has the responsibility for reporting to the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations(CEACR) on Pakistan's progress in applying international conventions/labour standards at the country level. The MOPHRD has also established the Federal Tripartite Consultative Committee(FTCC) to bring together all tripartite partners, including representatives of all provincial labour departments, workers’ and employers’ organizations and the ILO Country Office, to discuss labour issues and bring labour laws in the country in conformity with the International obligations. 16 15. YU SHUHONG-MALIK ZIA-UD-DIN(2017),"Analyzing the Labour Issues in Pakistan: A Historical Background of Labour Laws and Labour Unions", Wuhan University, Hubei, Chinavol. 3, no. 2, 2017ISSN:2421-2695 at https://labourlaw.unibo.it/article/ view/7577/7280 16. https://senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/questions/1484210082_314.pdf 10