Mapping Labour Unions in Pakistan to the Industrial Relations Act 2012: Two High Courts Respond” in LUMS Law Journal for a better understanding of the ambiguities about industrial disputes due to the 18 th constitutional amendment. 1. THE SINDH INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT, 2013 Section 3(i) provides for trade unions to include women employed in the establishment in the executive and office bearers positions with the same proportion in which they are employed in the establishment. THE PUNJAB INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 2010 also has a similar provision. However, experts interviewed note that the law on the provision of women workers is not properly implemented. Unions themselves are not sensitised on gender and resist the inclusion of women. 2. IRA is promoting provincialisation of trade unions. By restricting trade unions to provinces(requiring a separate registration for trans-provincial unions) unions are restricted to work on a national agenda. 3. Unions require greater oversight from the federal government to check compliance of provincial labour laws with ILO provisions. 2.7. Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus(GSP+) The GSP+ status was granted to Pakistan in 2014. It is a special and non­reciprocal agreement by the European Union granting preferential trade access to the EU market for countries that are considered vulnerable owing to insufficient integration within the international trading system. The concession is only granted to countries that ratify and undertake to comply with 27 international human rights, labour rights, sustainable development and good governance conventions including agreeing with their monitoring requirements. The status has brought a range of benefits for Pakistan’s trade economy. Being the world’s largest trading block and a major export destination for Pakistan’s textile products – which represents more than 60% of Pakistan’s export, GSP+ has boosted exports by 47% 31 , stimulated export diversification, and contributed to an increase in investment and employment. At the same time, there has been a consistent advancement in legislation and institutional frameworks concerning human rights and labour rights in the past four years. For the purpose of monitoring, the EU engages with the GSP+ status country on all areas where implementation is unsatisfactory. 31. 2019 data 37