ANALYSIS GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ORDER CHINA’S INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION History, Development Finance Apparatus, and Case Studies from Africa Marina Rudyak December 2023 China is promoting its development and moder­nisation model and its approach to international relations as a“better” alter­native for African countries. Chinese firms are attractive to African governments, not only because of their competitive pricing and low production costs but because they come with their own financing sources. And too often, they are the only offer on the table. The reason China’s develop­ment cooperation system is opaque and difficult to deci­pher has less to do with delib­erate secrecy and more with the highly fragmented nature of China’s bureaucracy.